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<document id="0F0EB3ED98B258DE39B00D68DA5A28D0" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5428.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10842930" ID-ZooBank="041905ED-FCED-4ED5-8248-E9AA8D6271E9" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1710926876991" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Galea, Horia R. &amp; Maggioni, Davide" docDate="2024" docId="03A5566CFFCFFFB1FF1DFED82EC7FC13" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5428.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5428 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5428.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Corymorpha balssi Stechow 1932" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FF9C2E14FFCDFFB8FF8AFFFF2F7CFF92" masterDocTitle="On some tropical hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with descriptions of four new species" masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1710927480863" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="B9DA513773900B51FD2989CF84AB2119">On some tropical hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with descriptions of four new species</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="16BA8914190003DCD3EC85A48293DE9B">Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy. &amp; Marine Research and Higher Education (MaRHE) Center, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 12030 Faafu Magoodhoo, Maldives.</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFCFFFBAFF1DFED82D48FED3" ID-CoL="9X6G2" authority="Stechow, 1932" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,564,295,322]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Corymorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="balssi">
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<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCFFFBAFF1DFED82E00FED0" bold="true" box="[151,380,295,322]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Corymorpha balssi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFCFFFBAFE0EFED82D48FED3" author="Stechow, E." box="[388,564,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="81 - 92" refId="ref32349" refString="Stechow, E. (1932) Neue Hydroiden aus dem Mittelmeer und dem Pazifischen Ozean, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige wenig bekannte Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 100 (3 - 4), 81 - 92." type="journal article" year="1932">Stechow, 1932</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFCFFFBAFF1DFEB42F87FEF7" box="[151,251,331,357]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStart-7="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1838,1862]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1918,1942]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1668,1692]" captionStartId-3="6.[151,250,1081,1105]" captionStartId-4="6.[151,247,1898,1922]" captionStartId-5="8.[151,250,1211,1235]" captionStartId-6="9.[151,250,1836,1860]" captionStartId-7="10.[151,250,462,486]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,417,1815]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,199,1645]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,181,1058]" captionTargetBox-4="[155,1432,1274,1872]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1436,417,1188]" captionTargetBox-6="[151,1436,957,1813]" captionTargetBox-7="[151,1436,181,438]" captionTargetId-0="figure-114@3.[151,1436,417,1815]" captionTargetId-1="figure-22@4.[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@5.[151,1436,199,1645]" captionTargetId-3="figure-22@6.[151,1436,181,1058]" captionTargetId-4="figure-115@6.[151,1435,1271,1875]" captionTargetId-5="figure-142@8.[151,1436,417,1188]" captionTargetId-6="figure-343@9.[151,1436,957,1813]" captionTargetId-7="figure-22@10.[151,1436,181,438]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionTargetPageId-5="8" captionTargetPageId-6="9" captionTargetPageId-7="10" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. A–C. Colonies of Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932 on crab hosts, in situ. Note medusa buds in C (blue arrowheads). Photos by J. Johnson (A, B), A. Dobbins (C)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Detail of a living colony of Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932, to show its general morphology and colors; note that some polyps bear medusa buds. Photo by D. Johnson." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932, preserved specimens. A. Hydranth. B. Hydrocaulus. C. Detail of the upper, naked part of caulus, showing nematocyst clusters on epidermis and longitudinal, endodermal ridges. D. Junction between the upper and lower parts of caulus. E. More detailed view of the junction, showing distinct groove, as well as the presence of nematocyst clusters in the upper part, and their absence from the lower part. F. Cross-section through the upper part of caulus, to show the presence of endodermal ridges. Scale bars: E = 100 µm; C, D, F = 200 µm; A, B = 500 µm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932, preserved specimens. A. Hydranth showing blastostyles bearing medusa buds. B. Dissected blastostyle with medusa buds at various stages of development; largest bud ready to be liberated. C. Basal view of a medusa bud at two focus depths, to show the velum (left) and the tentacles with packed nematocysts (right); the capitate tentacle is above and the large, opposite tentacle is below; note the relative smaller size of the lateral tentacles compared to the latter. Scale bars: A–C = 200 µm." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932. A. Originally unpublished drawing of a fertile polyp by Stechow’s graphist, W. Rössler. B. Close-up of a ready-to-detach medusa bud, seen laterally, to show the more developed capitate tentacle, the prominent opposite tentacle, and one of a pair of lateral, comparatively less-developed tentacles. C. Corymorpha bitungensis (Xu, Huang &amp; Gou, 2013) as the putative mature medusa of C. balssi, redrawn after Lin et al. (2013: fig. 8). Scale bars: B = 500 µm; C = 1 mm." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Cnidome of Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932. A–E. Polyp stage: unidentified capsules (A, C), desmoneme (B), stenoteles of S4 (D) and S2 (E) types. F–M. Medusa stage: spherical capsules from exumbrella (F), unidentified capsules (G, I), desmoneme (H), stenoteles of four types, viz. S5 (J), S4 (K), S3 (L), S1 (M). For details on the types of capsules, refer to Table 1. Scale bar: A–M = 10 µm." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Type specimens of Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932. A. Hydroid colony on the carapace of Schizophrys dama (Herbst, 1804), ZSM 20040176. B–F. Details of five microslide preparations, showing detached polyps: ZSM 20041647 (B), ZSM 20041648 (C), ZSM 20041649 (D), ZSM 20041650 (E), ZSM 20041651 (F). Scale bar: B–F = 2 mm. Photos by B. Ruthensteiner." captionText-7="FIGURE 8. Cnidome of a polyp of Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932 from type material, ZSM 20040176. Unidentified capsules (A, C), desmoneme (B), stenoteles of S4 (D) and S2 (E) types. Scale bar: A–E = 10 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842932" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842934" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842936" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842938" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842940" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842944" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842946" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842950" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10842932/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10842934/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10842936/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10842938/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/10842940/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/10842944/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/10842946/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/10842950/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 1–8</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFCFFFBAFE8CFEB42E59FEF7" box="[262,293,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1852,1876]" captionTargetBox="[299,1288,662,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-118@37.[299,1288,662,1829]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 23. Phylogenetic hypotheses of the genus Corymorpha based on the combined 16S, 18S and 28S rRNA dataset (A), and on the COI region (B). Numbers at nodes represent BPP and MLBS, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842978/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">23</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C68ED2C1FFCFFFBAFEBBFEB42EF8FEF7" box="[305,388,331,357]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Cnidome composition of Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932 (in µm)." pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Table 1</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFCFFFBAFF1DFE6F2A46FE3A" blockId="2.[151,1338,400,485]" box="[151,1338,400,424]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1CC054FFCFFFBAFF1DFE6F2A46FE3A" box="[151,1338,400,424]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<treatmentCitation id="0AADC16BFFCFFFBAFF1DFE6F2DF5FE3A" author="Stechow, E." box="[151,649,400,424]" page="82" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1932">
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFCFFFBAFF1DFE6F2DF5FE3A" ID-CoL="9X6G2" authority="Stechow, 1932: 82" authorityName="Stechow" authorityPageNumber="82" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,649,400,424]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Corymorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="balssi" subGenus="Euphysa">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCFFFBAFF1DFE6F2EB4FE3A" box="[151,456,400,424]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Corymorpha (Euphysa) balssi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFCFFFBAFE45FE6F2DF5FE3A" author="Stechow, E." box="[463,649,400,424]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="81 - 92" refId="ref32349" refString="Stechow, E. (1932) Neue Hydroiden aus dem Mittelmeer und dem Pazifischen Ozean, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige wenig bekannte Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 100 (3 - 4), 81 - 92." type="journal article" year="1932">Stechow, 1932: 82</bibRefCitation>
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.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AADC16BFFCFFFBAFD2DFE6F2CA4FE3A" author="Ruthensteiner, B. &amp; Gotz-Nodo, R. &amp; Straube, N." box="[679,984,400,424]" page="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFCFFFBAFD2DFE6F2CA4FE3A" author="Ruthensteiner, B. &amp; Gotz-Nodo, R. &amp; Straube, N." box="[679,984,400,424]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="3 - 27" refId="ref31795" refString="Ruthensteiner, B., Gotz-Nodo, R. &amp; Straube, N. (2008) The type material of Hydrozoa described by Eberhard Stechow in the Zoologische Staatssammlung Munchen. Spixiana, 31 (1), 3 - 27." type="journal article" year="2008">
Ruthensteiner 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCFFFBAFCB7FE6F2C16FE3A" box="[829,874,400,424]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al</emphasis>
., 2008: 13
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, figs 3E, 7B.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AADC16BFFCFFFBAFBFFFE6F2A4AFE3A" author="Watson, J. E." box="[1141,1334,400,424]" page="187" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFCFFFBAFBFFFE6F2A4AFE3A" author="Watson, J. E." box="[1141,1334,400,424]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="185 - 188" refId="ref33048" refString="Watson, J. E. (2008) Corymorpha rubicinta, a new hydroid (Hydrozoa, Athoathecata, Corymorphydae) from Port Phillip, Australia. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria, 65, 185 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2008.65.11" type="journal article" year="2008">Watson, 2008: 187</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFCFFFBAFF1DFE512CCBFE54" blockId="2.[151,1338,400,485]" box="[151,951,430,455]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
? 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFCFFFBAFF23FE512D2EFE54" ID-CoL="9X6G5" authority="Xu, Huang &amp; Guo" authorityName="Xu, Huang &amp; Guo" authorityYear="2013" box="[169,594,430,455]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Euphysora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bitungensis">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCFFFBAFF23FE512EECFE54" box="[169,400,430,454]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Euphysora bitungensis</emphasis>
Xu, Huang &amp; Guo
</taxonomicName>
(in Lin 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCFFFBAFD2EFE502DADFE54" box="[676,721,430,454]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al</emphasis>
.), 2013: 248, figs 4, 8.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFCFFFBAFF1DFE322C6AFE77" blockId="2.[151,1338,400,485]" box="[151,790,461,485]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1CC054FFCFFFBAFF1DFE322C6AFE77" box="[151,790,461,485]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
? 
<treatmentCitation id="0AADC16BFFCFFFBAFF23FE322DDBFE77" author="Gershwin, L. A. &amp; Zeidler, W. &amp; Davie, P. J. F." box="[169,679,461,485]" page="59" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="2010">
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFCFFFBAFF23FE322DDBFE77" ID-CoL="3CT29" authority="Gershwin et al., 2010: 59" authorityName="Gershwin" authorityPageNumber="59" authorityYear="2010" box="[169,679,461,485]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Euphysora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="juliephillipsi">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCFFFBAFF23FE322EE1FE77" box="[169,413,461,485]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Euphysora juliephillipsi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFCFFFBAFE29FE322DDBFE77" author="Gershwin, L. A. &amp; Zeidler, W. &amp; Davie, P. J. F." box="[419,679,461,485]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="47 - 108" refId="ref29206" refString="Gershwin, L. A., Zeidler, W. &amp; Davie, P. J. F. (2010) Medusae (Cnidaria) of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 54 (3), 47 - 108." type="journal article" year="2010">
Gershwin 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCFFFBAFD86FE312D45FE77" box="[524,569,461,485]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al</emphasis>
., 2010: 59
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, fig. 1E–F.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCFFFBAFF1DFDEC2E06FDBF" bold="true" box="[151,378,531,557]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Material examined</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCFFFBAFE03FDEC2D4DFDBF" bold="true" box="[393,561,531,557]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<typeStatus id="54B759D8FFCFFFBAFE03FDEC2EB8FDBF" box="[393,452,531,557]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED1D7FBFFFCFFFBAFDCBFDEC2D07FDBF" box="[577,635,531,557]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="Museum">ZSM</collectionCode>
20040176: 
<collectingCountry id="F31BA7EAFFCFFFBAFC8AFDEC2C16FDBF" box="[768,874,531,557]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Australia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49C82998FFCFFFBAFCFCFDEB2B3DFDBF" box="[886,1089,531,558]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
, Shark Bay, NNE of Heirisson Prong, 
<quantity id="4CF44A9FFFCFFFBAFF6CFDC82E22FDC0" box="[230,350,567,594]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.175" metricValueMax="1.25" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="11.75" valueMax="12.5" valueMin="11.0">11–12.5 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFB2C1BAFFCFFFBAFEE2FDC82E8CFDC0" box="[360,496,567,594]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1905-06-18">18 Jun 1905</date>
, ethanol-preserved colonies on 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFCFFFBAFCC1FDC82BC7FDC3" authority="(Herbst, 1804)" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[843,1211,567,593]" class="Malacostraca" family="Majidae" genus="Schizophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dama">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCFFFBAFCC1FDC82B69FDC3" box="[843,1045,567,593]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Schizophrys dama</emphasis>
(Herbst, 1804)
</taxonomicName>
.— 
<collectionCode id="ED1D7FBFFFCFFFBAFB57FDC82A65FDC3" box="[1245,1305,567,593]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="Museum">ZSM</collectionCode>
20041647– 20041651, 5 microslide preparations with detached polyps. 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCFFFBAFCBFFDA42B5DFDE7" bold="true" box="[821,1057,603,629]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Additional material</emphasis>
: MSNMCoe375: 
<collectingCountry id="F31BA7EAFFCFFFBAFB66FDA42A20FDE7" box="[1260,1372,603,629]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49C82998FFCFFFBAFAEDFDA42AE4FDE7" box="[1383,1432,603,629]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Bali</collectingRegion>
, Amed, dive site known as “Ghost Bay”, -8.332965°, 115.643044°, 
<quantity id="4CF44A9FFFCFFFBAFC1FFD802CAEFD08" box="[917,978,639,666]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFB2C1BAFFCFFFBAFC55FD802B0DFD0B" box="[991,1137,639,666]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2023-04-25">25 Apr 2023</date>
, four formalin-fixed crabs (
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFCFFFBAFF2BFD5B2E43FD2F" box="[161,319,675,701]" class="Malacostraca" family="Epialtidae" genus="Hyastenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCFFFBAFF2BFD5B2E6AFD2F" box="[161,278,676,701]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Hyastenus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
) with polyps on their carapace.—MSNMCoe376: 
<collectingCountry id="F31BA7EAFFCFFFBAFC0DFD5C2C8BFD2F" box="[903,1015,675,701]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49C82998FFCFFFBAFB8FFD5C2B4AFD2F" box="[1029,1078,675,701]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Bali</collectingRegion>
, Tulamben, dive site known as “Seraya”, -8.295692°, 115.612838°, 
<quantity id="4CF44A9FFFCFFFBAFDBAFD382DE8FD70" box="[560,660,711,738]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="20.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="18.0">18–22 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFB2C1BAFFCFFFBAFD15FD382C50FD73" box="[671,812,711,737]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2023-04-23">23 Apr 2023</date>
, one formalin-fixed crab (
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFCFFFBAFBC4FD372B95FD73" box="[1102,1257,711,737]" class="Malacostraca" family="Epialtidae" genus="Hyastenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCFFFBAFBC4FD372BBFFD73" box="[1102,1219,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Hyastenus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
) with polyps on its carapace.—MSNMCoe377: 
<collectingCountry id="F31BA7EAFFCFFFBAFE7DFD142D1BFC97" box="[503,615,747,773]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49C82998FFCFFFBAFDF8FD142DDFFC97" box="[626,675,747,773]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Bali</collectingRegion>
, Amed, dive site known as “Melasti”, -8.330810°, 115.639825°, 
<quantity id="4CF44A9FFFCFFFBAFAF8FD142FAEFCB8" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="19.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="18.0">18– 20 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFB2C1BAFFCFFFBAFF54FCF02E10FCBB" box="[222,364,783,809]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2023-04-20">20 Apr 2023</date>
, one formalin-fixed and one ethanol-fixed crabs (
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFCFFFBAFC1CFCEF2B4EFCBB" box="[918,1074,783,809]" class="Malacostraca" family="Epialtidae" genus="Hyastenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCFFFBAFC1CFCEF2B77FCBB" box="[918,1035,784,809]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Hyastenus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
) with polyps on their carapaces, the latter specimen used exclusively for DNA extraction, GenBank: OR872049–OR872051 (16S), OR872005– OR872007 (18S), OR872029–OR872031 (28S) (the sequences correspond to 3 individual hydroid polyps); OR876279 is the COI sequence obtained from the 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFCFFFBAFD45FC832C38FC07" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1847" box="[719,836,892,917]" class="Malacostraca" family="Epialtidae" genus="Hyastenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCFFFBAFD45FC832C38FC07" box="[719,836,892,917]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Hyastenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
crab.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C316B4F1FFCFFFBBFF4DFC602E37FE1B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFCFFFBBFF4DFC602CD4FE8F" blockId="2.[151,1437,531,2034]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCFFFBAFF4DFC602E2DFC2B" bold="true" box="[199,337,927,953]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description</emphasis>
. Colonies invariably associated with a decapod host of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFCFFFBAFBCDFC5F2BC0FC2B" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1847" box="[1095,1212,928,953]" class="Malacostraca" family="Epialtidae" genus="Hyastenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCFFFBAFBCDFC5F2BC0FC2B" box="[1095,1212,928,953]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Hyastenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFCFFFBAFB47FC602A6CFC2B" box="[1229,1296,927,953]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-114@3.[151,1436,417,1815]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–C. Colonies of Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932 on crab hosts, in situ. Note medusa buds in C (blue arrowheads). Photos by J. Johnson (A, B), A. Dobbins (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842932/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
); composed of numerous polyps fixed exclusively to the dorsal side of the carapace, not only restricted to the cephalothorax, but also to the eight walking legs; a stolonal web connecting the polyps to one another is obviously absent, and each of them is attached individually to the crab carapace by simple adhesion, as demonstrated by the agglutination of silt particles around the bases of hydrocauli; the latter, depending on the age of the polyps and their state of contraction, are 795–1790 µm long in the menthol-relaxed, formalin-fixed specimens examined herein; cauli (
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFCFFFBAFAE5FBAC2FDAFB03" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-22@4.[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Detail of a living colony of Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932, to show its general morphology and colors; note that some polyps bear medusa buds. Photo by D. Johnson." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842934/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) gradually tapering distally, divided into two distinct parts (
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFCFFFBAFCB5FB882CEBFB03" box="[831,919,1143,1169]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1668,1692]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,199,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,199,1645]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932, preserved specimens. A. Hydranth. B. Hydrocaulus. C. Detail of the upper, naked part of caulus, showing nematocyst clusters on epidermis and longitudinal, endodermal ridges. D. Junction between the upper and lower parts of caulus. E. More detailed view of the junction, showing distinct groove, as well as the presence of nematocyst clusters in the upper part, and their absence from the lower part. F. Cross-section through the upper part of caulus, to show the presence of endodermal ridges. Scale bars: E = 100 µm; C, D, F = 200 µm; A, B = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842936/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
): a proximal one, usually accounting for about 1/3 of their total length, and the remaining 2/3 distal portion, both delimited by a transverse, 205–380 µm wide furrow (
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFCFFFBAFF79FB402E30FB4B" box="[243,332,1215,1241]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1668,1692]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,199,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,199,1645]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932, preserved specimens. A. Hydranth. B. Hydrocaulus. C. Detail of the upper, naked part of caulus, showing nematocyst clusters on epidermis and longitudinal, endodermal ridges. D. Junction between the upper and lower parts of caulus. E. More detailed view of the junction, showing distinct groove, as well as the presence of nematocyst clusters in the upper part, and their absence from the lower part. F. Cross-section through the upper part of caulus, to show the presence of endodermal ridges. Scale bars: E = 100 µm; C, D, F = 200 µm; A, B = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842936/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
); a dozen peripheral, rather broad, unbranched, longitudinal canals (not forming lateral diverticuli) in the endoderm, spanning from one end to the other of the caulus (
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFCFFFBAFC1CFB1C2C90FB6F" box="[918,1004,1251,1277]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1668,1692]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,199,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,199,1645]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932, preserved specimens. A. Hydranth. B. Hydrocaulus. C. Detail of the upper, naked part of caulus, showing nematocyst clusters on epidermis and longitudinal, endodermal ridges. D. Junction between the upper and lower parts of caulus. E. More detailed view of the junction, showing distinct groove, as well as the presence of nematocyst clusters in the upper part, and their absence from the lower part. F. Cross-section through the upper part of caulus, to show the presence of endodermal ridges. Scale bars: E = 100 µm; C, D, F = 200 µm; A, B = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842936/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
); core of the latter composed of large, polygonal, parenchyme cells, leaving centrally a narrow lumen (
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFCFFFBAFCE2FAF82CC1FAB3" box="[872,957,1287,1313]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1668,1692]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,199,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,199,1645]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932, preserved specimens. A. Hydranth. B. Hydrocaulus. C. Detail of the upper, naked part of caulus, showing nematocyst clusters on epidermis and longitudinal, endodermal ridges. D. Junction between the upper and lower parts of caulus. E. More detailed view of the junction, showing distinct groove, as well as the presence of nematocyst clusters in the upper part, and their absence from the lower part. F. Cross-section through the upper part of caulus, to show the presence of endodermal ridges. Scale bars: E = 100 µm; C, D, F = 200 µm; A, B = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842936/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
); proximal part of cauli covered by flimsy, highly transparent, closely appressed perisarc layer, epidermis not provided with nematocysts, and coenosarc not forming papillae; distal part of cauli naked, epidermis with scattered, ovoid, transparent patches comprising 1–2 large nematocysts in their center (
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFCFFFBAFD9AFA8C2D14FA1F" box="[528,616,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1668,1692]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,199,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,199,1645]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932, preserved specimens. A. Hydranth. B. Hydrocaulus. C. Detail of the upper, naked part of caulus, showing nematocyst clusters on epidermis and longitudinal, endodermal ridges. D. Junction between the upper and lower parts of caulus. E. More detailed view of the junction, showing distinct groove, as well as the presence of nematocyst clusters in the upper part, and their absence from the lower part. F. Cross-section through the upper part of caulus, to show the presence of endodermal ridges. Scale bars: E = 100 µm; C, D, F = 200 µm; A, B = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842936/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
); distally, a 175–310 µm wide constriction at junction between the caulus and hydranth base (
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFCFFFBAFEF2FA682E8AFA23" box="[376,502,1431,1457]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1668,1692]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,199,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,199,1645]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932, preserved specimens. A. Hydranth. B. Hydrocaulus. C. Detail of the upper, naked part of caulus, showing nematocyst clusters on epidermis and longitudinal, endodermal ridges. D. Junction between the upper and lower parts of caulus. E. More detailed view of the junction, showing distinct groove, as well as the presence of nematocyst clusters in the upper part, and their absence from the lower part. F. Cross-section through the upper part of caulus, to show the presence of endodermal ridges. Scale bars: E = 100 µm; C, D, F = 200 µm; A, B = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842936/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
). Hydranths flask-shaped (
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFCFFFBAFCA3FA682CF9FA23" box="[809,901,1431,1457]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1668,1692]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,199,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,199,1645]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932, preserved specimens. A. Hydranth. B. Hydrocaulus. C. Detail of the upper, naked part of caulus, showing nematocyst clusters on epidermis and longitudinal, endodermal ridges. D. Junction between the upper and lower parts of caulus. E. More detailed view of the junction, showing distinct groove, as well as the presence of nematocyst clusters in the upper part, and their absence from the lower part. F. Cross-section through the upper part of caulus, to show the presence of endodermal ridges. Scale bars: E = 100 µm; C, D, F = 200 µm; A, B = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842936/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
), 515–900 µm high and 440–675 µm wide; an internal, transverse septum divides them into a lower, relatively shallow, non-digestive part, filled with parenchyme cells, and an upper, comparatively taller, hollow, digestive part; a whorl of 10–15 aboral tentacles near their bases, and 8–11 oral tentacles, equally in a whorl, surrounding distally a dome-shaped hypostome (
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFCFFFBAFB13F9FC2B9DF98F" box="[1177,1249,1539,1565]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-22@4.[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Detail of a living colony of Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932, to show its general morphology and colors; note that some polyps bear medusa buds. Photo by D. Johnson." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842934/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFCFFFBAFB67F9FC2A6DF98F" box="[1261,1297,1539,1565]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1668,1692]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,199,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,199,1645]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932, preserved specimens. A. Hydranth. B. Hydrocaulus. C. Detail of the upper, naked part of caulus, showing nematocyst clusters on epidermis and longitudinal, endodermal ridges. D. Junction between the upper and lower parts of caulus. E. More detailed view of the junction, showing distinct groove, as well as the presence of nematocyst clusters in the upper part, and their absence from the lower part. F. Cross-section through the upper part of caulus, to show the presence of endodermal ridges. Scale bars: E = 100 µm; C, D, F = 200 µm; A, B = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842936/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">3A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFCFFFBAFA96F9FC2A3FF98F" box="[1308,1347,1539,1565]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1081,1105]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1058]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1436,181,1058]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932, preserved specimens. A. Hydranth showing blastostyles bearing medusa buds. B. Dissected blastostyle with medusa buds at various stages of development; largest bud ready to be liberated. C. Basal view of a medusa bud at two focus depths, to show the velum (left) and the tentacles with packed nematocysts (right); the capitate tentacle is above and the large, opposite tentacle is below; note the relative smaller size of the lateral tentacles compared to the latter. Scale bars: A–C = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842938/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">4A</figureCitation>
); aboral tentacles 755–1990 µm long, gracefully arching upwards, slightly flattened laterally, gradually tapering distally, core solid, of pseudofiliform 
<typeStatus id="54B759D8FFCFFFBAFE6EF9B32D64F9F4" box="[484,536,1612,1638]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
; oral tentacles 230–440 µm long, basal 1/3 flattened laterally and adnate to the hypostome, distal 2/3 being free and arching outwards, with circular cross section, tapering only distally, surface rough due to the presence of irregular, vaguely annular clusters of nematocysts. Up to five short, conical blastostyles in a whorl, a short distance above the aboral tentacles (
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFCFFFBAFC82F9482C1FF943" box="[776,867,1719,1745]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1081,1105]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1058]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1436,181,1058]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932, preserved specimens. A. Hydranth showing blastostyles bearing medusa buds. B. Dissected blastostyle with medusa buds at various stages of development; largest bud ready to be liberated. C. Basal view of a medusa bud at two focus depths, to show the velum (left) and the tentacles with packed nematocysts (right); the capitate tentacle is above and the large, opposite tentacle is below; note the relative smaller size of the lateral tentacles compared to the latter. Scale bars: A–C = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842938/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
); each blastostyle giving rise to a reduced number of medusa buds at various stages of development (
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFCFFFBAFD53F9242C4FF967" box="[729,819,1755,1781]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1081,1105]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1058]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1436,181,1058]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932, preserved specimens. A. Hydranth showing blastostyles bearing medusa buds. B. Dissected blastostyle with medusa buds at various stages of development; largest bud ready to be liberated. C. Basal view of a medusa bud at two focus depths, to show the velum (left) and the tentacles with packed nematocysts (right); the capitate tentacle is above and the large, opposite tentacle is below; note the relative smaller size of the lateral tentacles compared to the latter. Scale bars: A–C = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842938/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
); buds before liberation (
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFCFFFBAFBDEF9242BD7F964" box="[1108,1195,1755,1782]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,247,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,1274,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-115@6.[151,1435,1271,1875]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932. A. Originally unpublished drawing of a fertile polyp by Stechow’s graphist, W. Rössler. B. Close-up of a ready-to-detach medusa bud, seen laterally, to show the more developed capitate tentacle, the prominent opposite tentacle, and one of a pair of lateral, comparatively less-developed tentacles. C. Corymorpha bitungensis (Xu, Huang &amp; Gou, 2013) as the putative mature medusa of C. balssi, redrawn after Lin et al. (2013: fig. 8). Scale bars: B = 500 µm; C = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842940/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
) with a 450–470 µm high and 360–400 µm wide umbrella, circular in cross-section; exumbrella provided with numerous, scattered, small, spherical nematocysts; mesoglea thin; manubrium club-shaped, extending almost to the closely-stretched velum, ending in pore-shaped mouth; four narrow radial canals ending basally in circular canal; four solid, perradial tentacle bulbs of inequal size: one bearing a club-shaped, 345–450 µm long, capitate tentacle, a conspicuouslyswollen, 305–325 µm long bulb opposite to it, as well as two comparatively less developed, 180–200 µm long, lateral bulbs; capitate tentacle with moderately-long stem ending distally in conspicuous, ovoid nematocyst knob, sometimes with an additional, intermediate, circular cluster, suggesting a moniliform structure in mature medusae; sense organs absent, and no gonads produced around the manubrium at this stage. Cnidome: its composition is summarized in 
<tableCitation id="C68ED2C1FFCEFFBBFEC2FF442EE2FF47" box="[328,414,187,213]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Cnidome composition of Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932 (in µm)." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Table 1</tableCitation>
and the various capsules are illustrated in 
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFCEFFBBFC07FF442CA8FF47" box="[909,980,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1211,1235]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1188]" captionTargetId="figure-142@8.[151,1436,417,1188]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cnidome of Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932. A–E. Polyp stage: unidentified capsules (A, C), desmoneme (B), stenoteles of S4 (D) and S2 (E) types. F–M. Medusa stage: spherical capsules from exumbrella (F), unidentified capsules (G, I), desmoneme (H), stenoteles of four types, viz. S5 (J), S4 (K), S3 (L), S1 (M). For details on the types of capsules, refer to Table 1. Scale bar: A–M = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842944/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
. Except for the unmistakable stenoteles and desmonemes, all the remaining capsules were seen undischarged, and their assignation to a given 
<typeStatus id="54B759D8FFCEFFBBFA84FF202A42FF6B" box="[1294,1342,223,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
was not attempted, until additional observations on living specimens are done.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFCEFFBBFF4DFED82E37FE1B" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Colors in life: basal part of caulus and endodermal canals milky-white, remainder of caulus, as well as the tentacles, translucent; hydranth base yellow-orange, hypostome white; manubrium and tentacle bulbs of the medusa white to yellow.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF73B7F2FFCEFFBBFF1DF8D12D1EF8F9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842932" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10842932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842932/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[151,250,1838,1862]" targetBox="[151,1436,417,1815]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFCEFFBBFF1DF8D12D1EF8F9" blockId="3.[151,1437,1838,1899]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCEFFBBFF1DF8D12E77F8D5" bold="true" box="[151,267,1838,1863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCEFFBBFE9FF8D12E3AF8D4" bold="true" box="[277,326,1838,1862]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A–C</emphasis>
. Colonies of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFCEFFBBFE43F8D02C5DF8D5" authority="Stechow, 1932" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1932" box="[457,801,1839,1863]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Corymorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="balssi">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCEFFBBFE43F8D02DF5F8D5" box="[457,649,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Corymorpha balssi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFCEFFBBFD04F8D02C5DF8D5" author="Stechow, E." box="[654,801,1839,1863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="81 - 92" refId="ref32349" refString="Stechow, E. (1932) Neue Hydroiden aus dem Mittelmeer und dem Pazifischen Ozean, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige wenig bekannte Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 100 (3 - 4), 81 - 92." type="journal article" year="1932">Stechow, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
on crab hosts, 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCEFFBBFC3BF8D02C92F8D4" box="[945,1006,1839,1862]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">in situ</emphasis>
. Note medusa buds in C (blue arrowheads). Photos by J. Johnson (A, B), A. Dobbins (C).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF73B7F2FFC9FFBCFF1DF8812D9AF828" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842934" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10842934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842934/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[151,250,1918,1942]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1894]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFC9FFBCFF1DF8812D9AF828" blockId="4.[151,1437,1918,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC9FFBCFF1DF8812E72F804" bold="true" box="[151,270,1918,1942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
. Detail of a living colony of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC9FFBCFDB6F8812CDCF804" authority="Stechow, 1932" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1932" box="[572,928,1918,1942]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Corymorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="balssi">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC9FFBCFDB6F8812C7CF804" box="[572,768,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Corymorpha balssi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC9FFBCFC8DF8812CDCF804" author="Stechow, E." box="[775,928,1918,1942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="81 - 92" refId="ref32349" refString="Stechow, E. (1932) Neue Hydroiden aus dem Mittelmeer und dem Pazifischen Ozean, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige wenig bekannte Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 100 (3 - 4), 81 - 92." type="journal article" year="1932">Stechow, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, to show its general morphology and colors; note that some polyps bear medusa buds. Photo by D. Johnson.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF73B7F2FFC8FFBDFF1DF97B2BCDF8BF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842936" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10842936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842936/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[151,250,1668,1692]" targetBox="[151,1436,199,1645]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFC8FFBDFF1DF97B2BCDF8BF" blockId="5.[151,1437,1668,1837]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC8FFBDFF1DF97B2E73F90E" bold="true" box="[151,271,1668,1692]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC8FFBDFE97F97B2DF8F90E" authority="Stechow, 1932" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1932" box="[285,644,1668,1692]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Corymorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="balssi">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC8FFBDFE97F97B2E9EF90E" box="[285,482,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Corymorpha balssi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC8FFBDFE60F97B2DF8F90E" author="Stechow, E." box="[490,644,1668,1692]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="81 - 92" refId="ref32349" refString="Stechow, E. (1932) Neue Hydroiden aus dem Mittelmeer und dem Pazifischen Ozean, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige wenig bekannte Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 100 (3 - 4), 81 - 92." type="journal article" year="1932">Stechow, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, preserved specimens. 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC8FFBDFCF9F97B2CF9F90E" bold="true" box="[883,901,1668,1692]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A</emphasis>
. Hydranth. 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC8FFBDFB88F97B2B6FF90E" bold="true" box="[1026,1043,1668,1692]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B</emphasis>
. Hydrocaulus. 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC8FFBDFB38F97B2BB8F90E" bold="true" box="[1202,1220,1668,1692]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C</emphasis>
. Detail of the upper, naked part of caulus, showing nematocyst clusters on epidermis and longitudinal, endodermal ridges. 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC8FFBDFB2CF9572BC4F952" bold="true" box="[1190,1208,1704,1728]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D</emphasis>
. Junction between the upper and lower parts of caulus. 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC8FFBDFE7AF9332D7DF976" bold="true" box="[496,513,1740,1764]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E</emphasis>
. More detailed view of the junction, showing distinct groove, as well as the presence of nematocyst clusters in the upper part, and their absence from the lower part. 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC8FFBDFC29F90F2CCEF89A" bold="true" box="[931,946,1776,1800]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">F</emphasis>
. Cross-section through the upper part of caulus, to show the presence of endodermal ridges. Scale bars: E = 100 µm; C, D, F = 200 µm; A, B = 500 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF73B7F2FFCBFFBEFF1DFBC62E96FB4D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842938" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10842938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842938/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[151,250,1081,1105]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1058]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFCBFFBEFF1DFBC62E96FB4D" blockId="6.[151,1437,1081,1247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCBFFBEFF1DFBC62E71FBC3" bold="true" box="[151,269,1081,1105]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFCBFFBEFE93FBC62D06FBC3" authority="Stechow, 1932" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1932" box="[281,634,1081,1105]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Corymorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="balssi">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCBFFBEFE93FBC62EA0FBC3" box="[281,476,1081,1105]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Corymorpha balssi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFCBFFBEFE68FBC62D06FBC3" author="Stechow, E." box="[482,634,1081,1105]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="81 - 92" refId="ref32349" refString="Stechow, E. (1932) Neue Hydroiden aus dem Mittelmeer und dem Pazifischen Ozean, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige wenig bekannte Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 100 (3 - 4), 81 - 92." type="journal article" year="1932">Stechow, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, preserved specimens. 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCBFFBEFCE9FBC62C09FBC3" bold="true" box="[867,885,1081,1105]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A</emphasis>
. Hydranth showing blastostyles bearing medusa buds. 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCBFFBEFF1DFBA32FD4FBE6" bold="true" box="[151,168,1116,1140]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B</emphasis>
. Dissected blastostyle with medusa buds at various stages of development; largest bud ready to be liberated. 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCBFFBEFA81FBA32A61FBE6" bold="true" box="[1291,1309,1116,1140]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C</emphasis>
. Basal view of a medusa bud at two focus depths, to show the velum (left) and the tentacles with packed nematocysts (right); the capitate tentacle is above and the large, opposite tentacle is below; note the relative smaller size of the lateral tentacles compared to the latter. Scale bars: A–C = 200 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF73B7F2FFCBFFBEFF1DF8952AEDF87C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842940" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10842940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842940/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[151,247,1898,1922]" targetBox="[155,1432,1274,1872]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFCBFFBEFF1DF8952AEDF87C" blockId="6.[151,1436,1898,2031]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCBFFBEFF1DF8952E77F810" bold="true" box="[151,267,1898,1922]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFCBFFBEFE93F8952D09F810" authority="Stechow, 1932" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1932" box="[281,629,1898,1922]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Corymorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="balssi">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCBFFBEFE93F8952EA4F810" box="[281,472,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Corymorpha balssi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFCBFFBEFE6AF8952D09F810" author="Stechow, E." box="[480,629,1898,1922]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="81 - 92" refId="ref32349" refString="Stechow, E. (1932) Neue Hydroiden aus dem Mittelmeer und dem Pazifischen Ozean, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige wenig bekannte Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 100 (3 - 4), 81 - 92." type="journal article" year="1932">Stechow, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCBFFBEFD0AF8952DEEF810" bold="true" box="[640,658,1898,1922]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A</emphasis>
. Originally unpublished drawing of a fertile polyp by Stechow’s graphist, W. Rössler. 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCBFFBEFF66F8712F80F834" bold="true" box="[236,252,1934,1958]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B</emphasis>
. Close-up of a ready-to-detach medusa bud, seen laterally, to show the more developed capitate tentacle, the prominent opposite tentacle, and one of a pair of lateral, comparatively less-developed tentacles. 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCBFFBEFC78F84D2B78F858" bold="true" box="[1010,1028,1970,1994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFCBFFBEFB9BF84D2E7BF87C" authority="(Xu, Huang &amp; Gou, 2013)" baseAuthorityName="Xu, Huang &amp; Gou" baseAuthorityYear="2013" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Corymorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bitungensis">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCBFFBEFB9BF84D2A7AF858" box="[1041,1286,1970,1994]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Corymorpha bitungensis</emphasis>
(Xu, Huang &amp; Gou, 2013)
</taxonomicName>
as the putative mature medusa of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFCBFFBEFDD2F8292DD1F87C" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1932" box="[600,685,2006,2030]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Corymorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="balssi">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCBFFBEFDD2F8292DD1F87C" box="[600,685,2006,2030]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. balssi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, redrawn after 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFCBFFBEFCCEF8292C9CF87C" author="Lin, M. &amp; Xu, Z. Z. &amp; Huang, J. Q. &amp; Nurul, F. &amp; Guo, D. H. &amp; Wang, C. G. &amp; Chen B." box="[836,992,2006,2030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="246 - 250" refId="ref30565" refString="Lin, M., Xu, Z. Z., Huang, J. Q., Nurul, F., Guo, D. H., Wang, C. G. &amp; Chen B. (2013) Two new species of anthomedusae from the Bitung Strait, Indonesia (Cnidaria). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 38 (2), 246 - 250." type="journal article" year="2013">
Lin 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCBFFBEFCE6F8282CEBF87C" box="[876,919,2006,2030]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
. (2013
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 8). Scale bars: B = 500 µm; C = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF73B7F2FFCAFFBFFF1DFF682C8CFF22" box="[151,1008,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[151,239,151,175]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFCAFFBFFF1DFF682C8CFF22" blockId="7.[151,1008,151,176]" box="[151,1008,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFF1DFF682E7FFF3D" bold="true" box="[151,259,151,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">TABLE 1</emphasis>
. Cnidome composition of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFCAFFBFFDABFF682CEDFF22" authority="Stechow, 1932" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1932" box="[545,913,151,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Corymorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="balssi">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFDABFF682D92FF3D" box="[545,750,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Corymorpha balssi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFCAFFBFFD7FFF682CEDFF22" author="Stechow, E." box="[757,913,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="81 - 92" refId="ref32349" refString="Stechow, E. (1932) Neue Hydroiden aus dem Mittelmeer und dem Pazifischen Ozean, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige wenig bekannte Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 100 (3 - 4), 81 - 92." type="journal article" year="1932">Stechow, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(in µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFCAFFBFFE34FF402BC9FDCC" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<table id="F90C15DAFFCA0047FF29FF402AF2FDCD" box="[163,1422,191,607]" gridcols="5" gridrows="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowsContinueIn="7.[163,1385,688,1281]">
<tr id="353CE538FFCA0047FF29FF402AF2FF67" box="[163,1422,191,245]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FE34FF402D10FF67" box="[446,620,191,245]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFE34FF402D64FF67" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Small, spherical capsules</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FD32FF402C15FF67" box="[696,873,191,245]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFD32FF402C6EFF67" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Large, spherical capsules</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FC39FF402BFBFF67" box="[947,1159,191,245]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFC39FF402B3CFF45" bold="true" box="[947,1088,191,215]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Desmonemes</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FB27FF402AF2FF67" box="[1197,1422,191,245]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFB27FF402A0CFF45" bold="true" box="[1197,1392,191,215]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Elliptical capsules</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353CE538FFCA0047FF29FEFB2AF2FE8E" box="[163,1422,260,284]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FF29FEFB2AF2FE8E" box="[163,1422,260,284]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFF29FEFB2F8BFE8E" bold="true" box="[163,247,260,284]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">POLYP</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353CE538FFCA0047FF29FED22AF2FED7" box="[163,1422,301,325]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FF29FED22E0EFED7" box="[163,370,301,325]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Upper part of caulus</th>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FE34FED22D10FED7" box="[446,620,301,325]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FD32FED22C15FED7" box="[696,873,301,325]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">11.0–12.7</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FC39FED22BFBFED7" box="[947,1159,301,325]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FB27FED22AF2FED7" box="[1197,1422,301,325]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353CE538FFCA0047FF29FEAA2AF2FEFC" box="[163,1422,341,366]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FF29FEAA2E0EFEFC" box="[163,370,341,366]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Aboral tentacles</th>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FE34FEAA2D10FEFC" box="[446,620,341,366]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FD32FEAA2C15FEFC" box="[696,873,341,366]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">11.0–12.7</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FC39FEAA2BFBFEFC" box="[947,1159,341,366]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(5.1–5.3) × (3.8–4.1)</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FB27FEAA2AF2FEFC" box="[1197,1422,341,366]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(9.0–10.3) × (3.4–4.1)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353CE538FFCA0047FF29FE822AF2FE04" box="[163,1422,381,406]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FF29FE822E0EFE04" box="[163,370,381,406]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Oral tentacles</th>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FE34FE822D10FE04" box="[446,620,381,406]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FD32FE822C15FE04" box="[696,873,381,406]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FC39FE822BFBFE04" box="[947,1159,381,406]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(5.1–5.5) × (3.8–4.1)</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FB27FE822AF2FE04" box="[1197,1422,381,406]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(9.0–9.6) × (3.4–3.8)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353CE538FFCA0047FF29FE5A2AF2FE2F" box="[163,1422,421,445]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FF29FE5A2AF2FE2F" box="[163,1422,421,445]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFF29FE5A2E6DFE2F" bold="true" box="[163,273,421,445]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MEDUSA</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353CE538FFCA0047FF29FE312AF2FE74" box="[163,1422,462,486]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FF29FE312E0EFE74" box="[163,370,462,486]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Capitate tentacle</th>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FE34FE312D10FE74" box="[446,620,462,486]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FD32FE312C15FE74" box="[696,873,462,486]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FC39FE312BFBFE74" box="[947,1159,462,486]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(6.7–7.1) × (4.8–5.0)</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FB27FE312AF2FE74" box="[1197,1422,462,486]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(9.3–9.8) × (3.4–3.8)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353CE538FFCA0047FF29FE092AF2FD9D" box="[163,1422,502,527]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FF29FE092E0EFD9D" box="[163,370,502,527]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Simple tentacles</th>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FE34FE092D10FD9D" box="[446,620,502,527]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FD32FE092C15FD9D" box="[696,873,502,527]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">11.7–13.8</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FC39FE092BFBFD9D" box="[947,1159,502,527]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FB27FE092AF2FD9D" box="[1197,1422,502,527]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(9.3–9.8) × (3.4–3.8)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353CE538FFCA0047FF29FDE02AF2FDA5" box="[163,1422,543,567]" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FF29FDE02E0EFDA5" box="[163,370,543,567]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Manubrium/mouth</th>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FE34FDE02D10FDA5" box="[446,620,543,567]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FD32FDE02C15FDA5" box="[696,873,543,567]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FC39FDE02BFBFDA5" box="[947,1159,543,567]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FB27FDE02AF2FDA5" box="[1197,1422,543,567]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353CE538FFCA0047FF29FDB82AF2FDCD" box="[163,1422,583,607]" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FF29FDB82E0EFDCD" box="[163,370,583,607]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Exumbrella</th>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FE34FDB82D10FDCD" box="[446,620,583,607]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">7.1–7.6</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FD32FDB82C15FDCD" box="[696,873,583,607]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FC39FDB82BFBFDCD" box="[947,1159,583,607]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FB27FDB82AF2FDCD" box="[1197,1422,583,607]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF73B7F2FFCAFFBFFF1DFD762EEEFD30" box="[151,402,649,674]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[151,239,649,673]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFCAFFBFFF1DFD762EEEFD30" blockId="7.[151,402,649,674]" box="[151,402,649,674]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFF1DFD762E7FFD33" bold="true" box="[151,259,649,673]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">TABLE 1</emphasis>
. (Continued)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFCAFFBFFE3DFD4E2B9AFA92" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<table id="F90C15DAFFCA0047FF29FD4F2A15FA93" box="[163,1385,688,1281]" gridcols="6" gridrows="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowsContinueFrom="7.[163,1422,191,607]">
<tr id="353CE538FFCA0047FF29FD4F2A15FD75" box="[163,1385,688,743]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FE3DFD4F2D54FD75" box="[439,552,688,743]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFE3DFD4E2D7CFD5B" bold="true" box="[439,512,689,713]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type S</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFD8AFD4F2D7BFD2C" bold="true" box="[512,519,688,702]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFE3DFD302D63FD75" bold="true" box="[439,543,719,743]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">stenoteles</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FDF5FD4F2D8CFD75" box="[639,752,688,743]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFDF5FD4E2DB4FD5B" bold="true" box="[639,712,689,713]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type S</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFD42FD4F2DB3FD2C" bold="true" box="[712,719,688,702]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFDF5FD302D9BFD75" bold="true" box="[639,743,719,743]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">stenoteles</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FCC4FD4F2CC3FD75" box="[846,959,688,743]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFCC4FD4E2CEBFD5B" bold="true" box="[846,919,689,713]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type S</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFC1DFD4F2CE2FD2C" bold="true" box="[919,926,688,702]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFCC4FD302CCAFD75" bold="true" box="[846,950,719,743]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">stenoteles</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FB9CFD4F2BDDFD75" box="[1046,1185,688,743]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFB9CFD4E2B23FD5B" bold="true" box="[1046,1119,689,713]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type S</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFBD5FD4F2B1AFD2C" bold="true" box="[1119,1126,688,702]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFB9CFD302B02FD75" bold="true" box="[1046,1150,719,743]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">stenoteles</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FB54FD4F2A15FD75" box="[1246,1385,688,743]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFB54FD4E2A54FD5B" bold="true" box="[1246,1320,689,713]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type S</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFAA2FD4F2A53FD2C" bold="true" box="[1320,1327,688,702]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">5</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFB54FD302A3AFD75" bold="true" box="[1246,1350,719,743]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">stenoteles</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353CE538FFCA0047FF29FD092A15FC9C" box="[163,1385,758,782]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FF29FD092A15FC9C" box="[163,1385,758,782]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFF29FD092F8BFC9C" bold="true" box="[163,247,758,782]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">POLYP</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353CE538FFCA0047FF29FCE02A15FCC7" box="[163,1385,799,853]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FF29FCE02E0EFCC7" box="[163,370,799,853]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Upper part of caulus</th>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FE3DFCE02D54FCC7" box="[439,552,799,853]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FDF5FCE02D8CFCC7" box="[639,752,799,853]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FCC4FCE02CC3FCC7" box="[846,959,799,853]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FB9CFCE02BDDFCC7" box="[1046,1185,799,853]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(12.0–13.8) × (10.7–11.7)</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FB54FCE02A15FCC7" box="[1246,1385,799,853]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353CE538FFCA0047FF29FC9A2A15FC08" box="[163,1385,869,922]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FF29FC9A2E0EFC08" box="[163,370,869,922]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Aboral tentacles</th>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FE3DFC9A2D54FC08" box="[439,552,869,922]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FDF5FC9A2D8CFC08" box="[639,752,869,922]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(6.9–7.6) × (5.3–5.7)</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FCC4FC9A2CC3FC08" box="[846,959,869,922]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FB9CFC9A2BDDFC08" box="[1046,1185,869,922]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(12.7–13.1) × (11.0–11.4)</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FB54FC9A2A15FC08" box="[1246,1385,869,922]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353CE538FFCA0047FF29FC552A15FC72" box="[163,1385,938,992]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FF29FC552E0EFC72" box="[163,370,938,992]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Oral tentacles</th>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FE3DFC552D54FC72" box="[439,552,938,992]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FDF5FC552D8CFC72" box="[639,752,938,992]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(6.2–7.2) × (4.8–5.7)</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FCC4FC552CC3FC72" box="[846,959,938,992]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FB9CFC552BDDFC72" box="[1046,1185,938,992]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(12.7–13.8) × (11.0–11.4)</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FB54FC552A15FC72" box="[1246,1385,938,992]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353CE538FFCA0047FF29FC102A15FB95" box="[163,1385,1007,1031]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FF29FC102A15FB95" box="[163,1385,1007,1031]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFF29FC102E6DFB95" bold="true" box="[163,273,1007,1031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MEDUSA</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353CE538FFCA0047FF29FBE72A15FBDC" box="[163,1385,1048,1102]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FF29FBE72E0EFBDC" box="[163,370,1048,1102]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Capitate tentacle</th>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FE3DFBE72D54FBDC" box="[439,552,1048,1102]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FDF5FBE72D8CFBDC" box="[639,752,1048,1102]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FCC4FBE72CC3FBDC" box="[846,959,1048,1102]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(8.9–9.6) × (7.1–7.6)</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FB9CFBE72BDDFBDC" box="[1046,1185,1048,1102]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(13.1–13.6) × (11.2–11.4)</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FB54FBE72A15FBDC" box="[1246,1385,1048,1102]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353CE538FFCA0047FF29FBA12A15FB01" box="[163,1385,1118,1171]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FF29FBA12E0EFB01" box="[163,370,1118,1171]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Simple tentacles</th>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FE3DFBA12D54FB01" box="[439,552,1118,1171]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FDF5FBA12D8CFB01" box="[639,752,1118,1171]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FCC4FBA12CC3FB01" box="[846,959,1118,1171]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(8.6–9.3) × (6.6–7.2)</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FB9CFBA12BDDFB01" box="[1046,1185,1118,1171]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(13.4–13.8) × (11.0–11.7)</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FB54FBA12A15FB01" box="[1246,1385,1118,1171]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(18.3–20.3) × (16.5–18.6)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353CE538FFCA0047FF29FB5C2A15FB4B" box="[163,1385,1187,1241]" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FF29FB5C2E0EFB4B" box="[163,370,1187,1241]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Manubrium/mouth</th>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FE3DFB5C2D54FB4B" box="[439,552,1187,1241]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(5.7–5.9) × (4.3–4.5)</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FDF5FB5C2D8CFB4B" box="[639,752,1187,1241]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FCC4FB5C2CC3FB4B" box="[846,959,1187,1241]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FB9CFB5C2BDDFB4B" box="[1046,1185,1187,1241]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(13.8–14.8) × (12.1–13.4)</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FB54FB5C2A15FB4B" box="[1246,1385,1187,1241]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353CE538FFCA0047FF29FB162A15FA93" box="[163,1385,1257,1281]" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FF29FB162E0EFA93" box="[163,370,1257,1281]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Exumbrella</th>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FE3DFB162D54FA93" box="[439,552,1257,1281]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FDF5FB162D8CFA93" box="[639,752,1257,1281]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FCC4FB162CC3FA93" box="[846,959,1257,1281]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FB9CFB162BDDFA93" box="[1046,1185,1257,1281]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
<td id="76ED8C44FFCA0047FB54FB162A15FA93" box="[1246,1385,1257,1281]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C316B4F1FFCAFFB1FF4DFAB22E68FC87" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFCAFFBFFF4DFAB22CEFFA19" blockId="7.[151,1437,1356,1923]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFF4DFAB22E48FAF5" bold="true" box="[199,308,1357,1383]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks</emphasis>
. Multi-locus and COI phylogenetic reconstructions revealed that Balinese 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFCAFFBFFB1BFAB22B89FAF4" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1932" box="[1169,1269,1356,1383]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Corymorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="balssi">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFB1BFAB22B89FAF4" box="[1169,1269,1356,1383]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. balssi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sequences are different from any other sequenced 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFCAFFBFFDADFA8F2C72FA18" box="[551,782,1392,1418]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFDADFA8F2DCAFA18" box="[551,694,1392,1418]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Corymorpha</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFCAFFBFFC97FA8F2CFEFA19" box="[797,898,1392,1419]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1852,1876]" captionTargetBox="[299,1288,662,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-118@37.[299,1288,662,1829]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 23. Phylogenetic hypotheses of the genus Corymorpha based on the combined 16S, 18S and 28S rRNA dataset (A), and on the COI region (B). Numbers at nodes represent BPP and MLBS, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842978/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFC08FA8E2CEFFA19" box="[898,915,1393,1419]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">).</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFCAFFBFFF4DFA6A2DF7F939" blockId="7.[151,1437,1356,1923]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
It is unclear how the hydroid colony is established on the carapace of its decapod host. Given that the dispersive stage is a free-swimming medusa produced in small numbers, the settlement of planula larvae seems statistically unlikely. No apparent stolonal web connects the polyps between them, and all individuals carried by a crab could not be regarded as a colonial animal 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFDB9F9FE2DC3F988" box="[563,703,1537,1562]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">stricto sensu</emphasis>
. Some polyps show large, formless, basal bulges, suggesting that they may reproduce asexually by budding, thus forming clonal populations. It is possible that some polyps are either picked up by uncolonized crabs from individuals already bearing hydroids on their carapaces, or that crabs promote asexual spreading of the associated hydroid, as observed in the association between 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFCAFFBFFBEEF9932A59F914" baseAuthorityName="Zehntner" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1124,1317,1644,1670]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xanthidae" genus="Lybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptochelis">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFBEEF9932A59F914" box="[1124,1317,1644,1670]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lybia leptochelis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
crabs and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFCAFFBFFF1DF96F2FA6F938" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,218,1680,1706]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aliciidae" genus="Alicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFF1DF96F2FA6F938" box="[151,218,1680,1706]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Alicia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sea anemones (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFCAFFBFFE00F96F2D03F939" author="Schnytzer, Y. &amp; Giman, Y. &amp; Karplus, I. &amp; Achituv, Y." box="[394,639,1680,1707]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="2954" refId="ref31911" refString="Schnytzer, Y., Giman, Y., Karplus, I. &amp; Achituv, Y. (2017) Boxer crabs induce asexual reproduction of their associated sea anemones by splitting and intraspecific theft. PeerJ, 5, e 2954. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 2954" type="journal article" year="2017">
Schnytzer 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFD89F96E2D48F938" box="[515,564,1680,1706]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFCAFFBFFF4DF94B2DAAF8A9" blockId="7.[151,1437,1356,1923]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
The short rooting filaments illustrated by Stechow in his unpublished plate [
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFCAFFBFFBBDF94B2A15F95D" author="Ruthensteiner, B. &amp; Gotz-Nodo, R. &amp; Straube, N." box="[1079,1385,1716,1743]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="3 - 27" refId="ref31795" refString="Ruthensteiner, B., Gotz-Nodo, R. &amp; Straube, N. (2008) The type material of Hydrozoa described by Eberhard Stechow in the Zoologische Staatssammlung Munchen. Spixiana, 31 (1), 3 - 27." type="journal article" year="2008">
Ruthensteiner 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFCAFFBFFB55F94A2A6FF95C" box="[1247,1299,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
. (2008
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 7B) and 
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFCAFFBFFF70F9272E33F961" box="[250,335,1752,1779]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,247,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,1274,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-115@6.[151,1435,1271,1875]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932. A. Originally unpublished drawing of a fertile polyp by Stechow’s graphist, W. Rössler. B. Close-up of a ready-to-detach medusa bud, seen laterally, to show the more developed capitate tentacle, the prominent opposite tentacle, and one of a pair of lateral, comparatively less-developed tentacles. C. Corymorpha bitungensis (Xu, Huang &amp; Gou, 2013) as the putative mature medusa of C. balssi, redrawn after Lin et al. (2013: fig. 8). Scale bars: B = 500 µm; C = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842940/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
herein] are likely artefacts (as demonstrated by the examination of many polyps, including those mounted on the five microslides belonging to the 
<typeStatus id="54B759D8FFCAFFBFFD5FF9022C75F885" box="[725,777,1789,1815]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
), nor could they be found in our specimens, in which the polyps simply adhere basally to the crab carapaces.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFCAFFBFFF4DF8BA2AE0F810" blockId="7.[151,1437,1356,1923]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<typeStatus id="54B759D8FFCAFFBFFF4DF8BA2E5FF8CD" box="[199,291,1861,1887]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
material, including alcohol-preserved specimens and microslide preparations (
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFCAFFBFFB02F8BB2BB5F8CD" box="[1160,1225,1860,1887]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,957,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-343@9.[151,1436,957,1813]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Type specimens of Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932. A. Hydroid colony on the carapace of Schizophrys dama (Herbst, 1804), ZSM 20040176. B–F. Details of five microslide preparations, showing detached polyps: ZSM 20041647 (B), ZSM 20041648 (C), ZSM 20041649 (D), ZSM 20041650 (E), ZSM 20041651 (F). Scale bar: B–F = 2 mm. Photos by B. Ruthensteiner." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842946/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) were reexamined. The polyps 
<superScript id="7C794A32FFCAFFBFFE93F8972E5DF8E4" attach="left" box="[281,289,1896,1910]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1</superScript>
proved virtually indistinguishable from the new material at hand, except for their proportionally
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFCAFFBFFF1DF83B2E64F868" blockId="7.[151,1436,1988,2042]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1 Alcohol-preserved specimens, mostly quite badly-preserved after more than a century in liquid, and having become totally opaque.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFC5FFB0FF1DFF682C74FE1B" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<materialsCitation id="3B64ED27FFC5FFB0FF1DFF682C78FE1B" location="It" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Bali">
slightly bigger size (
<quantity id="4CF44A9FFFC5FFB0FE0BFF692E8BFF23" box="[385,503,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.0">2–3.5 mm</quantity>
high, as reported in the original account). 
<location id="8ED3B1A1FFC5FFB0FC69FF682C88FF23" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A5566CFFCFFFB1FF1DFED82EC7FC13:8ED3B1A1FFC5FFB0FC69FF682C88FF23" box="[995,1012,151,177]" name="It" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" stateProvince="Bali">It</location>
should be stated that significant size variations were encountered in our specimens from 
<collectingRegion id="49C82998FFC5FFB0FD5BFF442C7EFF47" box="[721,770,187,213]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bali</collectingRegion>
, depending on the age of the polyps and the size of their crab host; consequently, we consider the differences noted with the 
<typeStatus id="54B759D8FFC5FFB0FCE8FF202CEEFF6B" box="[866,914,223,249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
to be intraspecific. The cnidome composition of the 
<typeStatus id="54B759D8FFC5FFB0FF6AFEFC2E6CFE8F" box="[224,272,259,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
specimens (
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFC5FFB0FE17FEFC2E9CFE8F" box="[413,480,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,462,486]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,438]" captionTargetId="figure-22@10.[151,1436,181,438]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Cnidome of a polyp of Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932 from type material, ZSM 20040176. Unidentified capsules (A, C), desmoneme (B), stenoteles of S4 (D) and S2 (E) types. Scale bar: A–E = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842950/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
) is the same as that of the material at hand (compare to 
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFC5FFB0FBD7FEFC2BA4FE8F" box="[1117,1240,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1211,1235]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1188]" captionTargetId="figure-142@8.[151,1436,417,1188]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cnidome of Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932. A–E. Polyp stage: unidentified capsules (A, C), desmoneme (B), stenoteles of S4 (D) and S2 (E) types. F–M. Medusa stage: spherical capsules from exumbrella (F), unidentified capsules (G, I), desmoneme (H), stenoteles of four types, viz. S5 (J), S4 (K), S3 (L), S1 (M). For details on the types of capsules, refer to Table 1. Scale bar: A–M = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842944/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6A–E</figureCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC5FFB0FB61FEFC2FC0FED3" author="Stechow, E." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="81 - 92" refId="ref32349" refString="Stechow, E. (1932) Neue Hydroiden aus dem Mittelmeer und dem Pazifischen Ozean, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige wenig bekannte Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 100 (3 - 4), 81 - 92." type="journal article" year="1932">Stechow (1932: 82)</bibRefCitation>
stated 
<superScript id="7C794A32FFC5FFB0FE8FFED92E71FEA6" attach="left" box="[261,269,294,308]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2</superScript>
that his colonies were mostly composed of infertile hydranths, and only one proved fertile and had very young, spherical gonophores, “apparently” provided with “one large and two lateral, poorly-developed tentacles” (
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFC5FFB0FF15FE902F84FE1B" box="[159,248,366,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,247,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,1274,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-115@6.[151,1435,1271,1875]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932. A. Originally unpublished drawing of a fertile polyp by Stechow’s graphist, W. Rössler. B. Close-up of a ready-to-detach medusa bud, seen laterally, to show the more developed capitate tentacle, the prominent opposite tentacle, and one of a pair of lateral, comparatively less-developed tentacles. C. Corymorpha bitungensis (Xu, Huang &amp; Gou, 2013) as the putative mature medusa of C. balssi, redrawn after Lin et al. (2013: fig. 8). Scale bars: B = 500 µm; C = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842940/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
, enlargement); that polyp could not be located
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF73B7F2FFC5FFB0FF1DFB442EE6FAD2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842944" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10842944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842944/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[151,250,1211,1235]" targetBox="[151,1436,417,1188]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFC5FFB0FF1DFB442EE6FAD2" blockId="8.[151,1437,1211,1344]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC5FFB0FF1DFB442E72FB41" bold="true" box="[151,270,1211,1235]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
. Cnidome of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC5FFB0FE10FB432D81FB46" authority="Stechow, 1932" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1932" box="[410,765,1212,1236]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Corymorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="balssi">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC5FFB0FE10FB432D21FB46" box="[410,605,1212,1236]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Corymorpha balssi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC5FFB0FDEEFB432D81FB46" author="Stechow, E." box="[612,765,1212,1236]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="81 - 92" refId="ref32349" refString="Stechow, E. (1932) Neue Hydroiden aus dem Mittelmeer und dem Pazifischen Ozean, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige wenig bekannte Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 100 (3 - 4), 81 - 92." type="journal article" year="1932">Stechow, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC5FFB0FC8DFB442C4BFB41" bold="true" box="[775,823,1211,1235]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A–E</emphasis>
. Polyp stage: unidentified capsules (A, C), desmoneme (B), stenoteles of S 
<superScript id="7C794A32FFC5FFB0FEA1FB212E4EFB7E" attach="left" box="[299,306,1246,1260]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</superScript>
(D) and S 
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(E) types. 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC5FFB0FD9AFB1F2D39FB6A" bold="true" box="[528,581,1248,1272]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">F–M</emphasis>
. Medusa stage: spherical capsules from exumbrella (F), unidentified capsules (G, I), desmoneme (H), stenoteles of four types, 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC5FFB0FDB4FAFB2D26FA89" box="[574,602,1284,1307]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">viz</emphasis>
. S 
<superScript id="7C794A32FFC5FFB0FDFEFAFB2D07FA80" attach="left" box="[628,635,1284,1298]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5</superScript>
(J), S 
<superScript id="7C794A32FFC5FFB0FD3DFAFD2DC2FA82" attach="left" box="[695,702,1282,1296]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</superScript>
(K), S 
<superScript id="7C794A32FFC5FFB0FC88FAFD2C75FA82" attach="left" box="[770,777,1282,1296]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3</superScript>
(L), S 
<superScript id="7C794A32FFC5FFB0FCC1FAFD2C2EFA82" attach="left" box="[843,850,1282,1296]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1</superScript>
(M). For details on the types of capsules, refer to Table 1. Scale bar: A–M = 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFC5FFB0FF4DFA6D2AE0F812" blockId="8.[151,1437,1426,1921]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Although Stechow could not be certain in his observations, the medusa buds in our material possess a main, relatively long tentacle with a terminal capitation, a large tentacle bulb opposite to it, and a pair of globular tentacle bulbs laterally (
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFC5FFB0FEC6FA252EDBFA67" box="[332,423,1498,1525]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,247,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,1274,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-115@6.[151,1435,1271,1875]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932. A. Originally unpublished drawing of a fertile polyp by Stechow’s graphist, W. Rössler. B. Close-up of a ready-to-detach medusa bud, seen laterally, to show the more developed capitate tentacle, the prominent opposite tentacle, and one of a pair of lateral, comparatively less-developed tentacles. C. Corymorpha bitungensis (Xu, Huang &amp; Gou, 2013) as the putative mature medusa of C. balssi, redrawn after Lin et al. (2013: fig. 8). Scale bars: B = 500 µm; C = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842940/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
). Some hydroid colonies photographed in the field show medusa buds with a relatively distinct, though small, intermediate ring of nematocysts, suggesting that the main tentacle in free-swimming, well-developed specimens is likely of moniliform 
<typeStatus id="54B759D8FFC5FFB0FD19F9DD2DBBF9AE" box="[659,711,1570,1596]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
. This leads us question the identity of the mature medusa among the congeners described so far based on their planktonic stage. In an earlier paper, one of us (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC5FFB0FB2AF9B92A59F9F2" author="Galea H. R." box="[1184,1317,1606,1632]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="451 - 475" refId="ref28405" refString="Galea H. R. (2023) Corymorpha tropica, a new species of anthoathecate hydrozoan (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Southeast Asia. Zootaxa, 5254 (4), 451 - 475. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5254.4.1" type="journal article" year="2023">Galea 2023</bibRefCitation>
: Appendix 1) provided a tabulated list of species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC5FFB0FDE1F9952D86F916" authorityName="M. Sars" authorityYear="1835" box="[619,762,1642,1668]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Corymorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC5FFB0FDE1F9952D86F916" box="[619,762,1642,1668]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Corymorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
considered as valid. Among those occurring in the tropical Indo-Pacific, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC5FFB0FEBAF9712C7EF93A" authority="(Xu, Huang &amp; Guo, 2013)" baseAuthorityName="Xu, Huang &amp; Guo" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[304,770,1678,1704]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Corymorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bitungensis">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC5FFB0FEBAF9712EADF93A" box="[304,465,1678,1704]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. bitungensis</emphasis>
(Xu, Huang &amp; Guo, 2013)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFC5FFB0FC9BF9712C15F93B" box="[785,873,1678,1705]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,247,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,1274,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-115@6.[151,1435,1271,1875]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932. A. Originally unpublished drawing of a fertile polyp by Stechow’s graphist, W. Rössler. B. Close-up of a ready-to-detach medusa bud, seen laterally, to show the more developed capitate tentacle, the prominent opposite tentacle, and one of a pair of lateral, comparatively less-developed tentacles. C. Corymorpha bitungensis (Xu, Huang &amp; Gou, 2013) as the putative mature medusa of C. balssi, redrawn after Lin et al. (2013: fig. 8). Scale bars: B = 500 µm; C = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842940/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
), described from the Lembeh Strait, 
<collectingCountry id="F31BA7EAFFC5FFB0FA8DF9712A0BF93A" box="[1287,1399,1678,1704]" name="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, an area where the presence of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC5FFB0FE60F94D2D36F95E" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1932" box="[490,586,1714,1740]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Corymorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="balssi">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC5FFB0FE60F94D2D36F95E" box="[490,586,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. balssi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is clearly documented in a series of underwater photographs available online (
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC5FFB0FF2BF9282FB5F962" box="[161,201,1751,1776]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">e.g.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC5FFB0FF59F9292ED5F962" author="Levantovsky, V." box="[211,425,1750,1776]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref30532" refString="Levantovsky, V. (2012) Flickr. Available from: https: // www. flickr. com / photos / seewhatvladsee / 6790214412 / (accessed 13 February 2024)" type="url" year="2012">Levantovsky 2012</bibRefCitation>
), is a likely candidate. According to the original account, the medusa of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC5FFB0FB73F9292AE1F962" baseAuthorityName="Xu, Huang &amp; Guo" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[1273,1437,1750,1776]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Corymorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bitungensis">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC5FFB0FB73F9292AE1F962" box="[1273,1437,1750,1776]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. bitungensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reaches up to 
<quantity id="4CF44A9FFFC5FFB0FEBFF9052E04F886" box="[309,376,1786,1812]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
in bell height by 
<quantity id="4CF44A9FFFC5FFB0FDC8F9052DE5F886" box="[578,665,1786,1812]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
in width; its club-shaped manubrium projects for about 2/3 into the subumbrella; the main tentacle is provided with 3–10 intermediate rings of nematocysts besides the comparatively larger, terminal knob; the opposite tentacle bulb is quite well-developed and club-shaped, while the two laterals are similar, though shorter and slenderer (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC5FFB0FDF7F8992C10F812" author="Lin, M. &amp; Xu, Z. Z. &amp; Huang, J. Q. &amp; Nurul, F. &amp; Guo, D. H. &amp; Wang, C. G. &amp; Chen B." box="[637,876,1894,1920]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="246 - 250" refId="ref30565" refString="Lin, M., Xu, Z. Z., Huang, J. Q., Nurul, F., Guo, D. H., Wang, C. G. &amp; Chen B. (2013) Two new species of anthomedusae from the Bitung Strait, Indonesia (Cnidaria). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 38 (2), 246 - 250." type="journal article" year="2013">
Lin 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC5FFB0FD3AF8982D98F812" box="[688,740,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
. 2013: 246
</bibRefCitation>
, 248–250). While providing an account on their
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFC5FFB0FF1DF83B2CB2F869" blockId="8.[151,1437,1988,2043]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2 “Fast sämtliche Hydranthen steril; nur an einem einzigen kleine, sehr junge, kugelige Gonophorenknospen erkennbar, anscheinend mit 1 grossen und 2 seitlichen schwachentwickelten Tentakeln”.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFC4FFB1FF1DFF682D17FEF7" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
supposedly new species, no comparison was made by these authors with the previously-described 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC4FFB1FB67FF682D55FF47" authority="(Gershwin, Zeidler &amp; Davie, 2010)" baseAuthorityName="Gershwin, Zeidler &amp; Davie" baseAuthorityYear="2010" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Euphysora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="juliephillipsi">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC4FFB1FB67FF682AE1FF23" box="[1261,1437,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. juliephillipsi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC4FFB1FF15FF442D5EFF47" author="Gershwin, L. A. &amp; Zeidler, W. &amp; Davie, P. J. F." box="[159,546,187,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="47 - 108" refId="ref29206" refString="Gershwin, L. A., Zeidler, W. &amp; Davie, P. J. F. (2010) Medusae (Cnidaria) of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 54 (3), 47 - 108." type="journal article" year="2010">Gershwin, Zeidler &amp; Davie, 2010</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(see original account) from Moreton Bay, QLD, 
<collectingCountry id="F31BA7EAFFC4FFB1FBD1FF442BB9FF47" box="[1115,1221,187,213]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Australia</collectingCountry>
, a nominal species with a very similar, if not identical, morphology and size (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC4FFB1FCA0FF202B3BFF6B" author="Gershwin, L. A. &amp; Zeidler, W. &amp; Davie, P. J. F." box="[810,1095,222,249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="47 - 108" refId="ref29206" refString="Gershwin, L. A., Zeidler, W. &amp; Davie, P. J. F. (2010) Medusae (Cnidaria) of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 54 (3), 47 - 108." type="journal article" year="2010">
Gershwin 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC4FFB1FC2BFF202CAFFF6B" box="[929,979,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
. 2010: 59
</bibRefCitation>
, 62). The hydroid of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC4FFB1FAB3FF202AE0FF6B" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1932" box="[1337,1436,223,249]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Corymorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="balssi">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC4FFB1FAB3FF202AE0FF6B" box="[1337,1436,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. balssi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was essentially described based on material from Shark Bay, WA, 
<collectingCountry id="F31BA7EAFFC4FFB1FCE4FEFC2CA9FE8F" box="[878,981,259,285]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC4FFB1FC68FEFC2BFAFE8F" author="Stechow, E." box="[994,1158,259,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="81 - 92" refId="ref32349" refString="Stechow, E. (1932) Neue Hydroiden aus dem Mittelmeer und dem Pazifischen Ozean, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige wenig bekannte Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 100 (3 - 4), 81 - 92." type="journal article" year="1932">Stechow 1932</bibRefCitation>
), a locality that is located at nearly the same latitude as Moreton Bay, but on the opposite (western) coast of 
<collectingCountry id="F31BA7EAFFC4FFB1FBA3FED82BEFFED3" box="[1065,1171,295,321]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Australia</collectingCountry>
, where no records of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC4FFB1FA09FED82FA4FEF7" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1932" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Corymorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="balssi">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC4FFB1FA09FED82FA4FEF7" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. balssi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from QLD came to our knowledge.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFC4FFB1FF4DFE902A09FD8B" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
The colonies of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC4FFB1FEF4FE902E9CFE1B" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1932" box="[382,480,367,393]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Corymorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="balssi">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC4FFB1FEF4FE902E9CFE1B" box="[382,480,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. balssi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
studied by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC4FFB1FDE9FE902C69FE1B" author="Stechow, E." box="[611,789,367,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="81 - 92" refId="ref32349" refString="Stechow, E. (1932) Neue Hydroiden aus dem Mittelmeer und dem Pazifischen Ozean, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige wenig bekannte Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 100 (3 - 4), 81 - 92." type="journal article" year="1932">Stechow (1932)</bibRefCitation>
reportedly occurred on 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC4FFB1FBAEFE902AE0FE1B" authority="(Herbst, 1804)" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[1060,1436,367,393]" class="Malacostraca" family="Majidae" genus="Schizophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dama">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC4FFB1FBAEFE902B8DFE1B" box="[1060,1265,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Schizophrys dama</emphasis>
(Herbst, 1804)
</taxonomicName>
(Crustacea: 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC4FFB1FEABFE6C2EE9FE3F" box="[289,405,403,429]" class="Malacostraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Decapoda</taxonomicName>
: Majoidea: 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC4FFB1FD94FE6C2D03FE3F" authorityName="Samouelle" authorityYear="1819" box="[542,639,403,429]" class="Malacostraca" family="Majidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Majidae</taxonomicName>
). Indeed, one of his crabs [
<figureCitation id="1337FBFFFFC4FFB1FC37FE6C2B66FE3F" box="[957,1050,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,957,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-343@9.[151,1436,957,1813]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Type specimens of Corymorpha balssi Stechow, 1932. A. Hydroid colony on the carapace of Schizophrys dama (Herbst, 1804), ZSM 20040176. B–F. Details of five microslide preparations, showing detached polyps: ZSM 20041647 (B), ZSM 20041648 (C), ZSM 20041649 (D), ZSM 20041650 (E), ZSM 20041651 (F). Scale bar: B–F = 2 mm. Photos by B. Ruthensteiner." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10842946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10842946/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
, but see also 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC4FFB1FB36FE6C2FA0FE43" author="Ruthensteiner, B. &amp; Gotz-Nodo, R. &amp; Straube, N." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="3 - 27" refId="ref31795" refString="Ruthensteiner, B., Gotz-Nodo, R. &amp; Straube, N. (2008) The type material of Hydrozoa described by Eberhard Stechow in the Zoologische Staatssammlung Munchen. Spixiana, 31 (1), 3 - 27." type="journal article" year="2008">
Ruthensteiner 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC4FFB1FAEBFE6C2AE9FE3F" box="[1377,1429,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
. (2008
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 3E)] corresponds to the 
<typeStatus id="54B759D8FFC4FFB1FDAEFE482D07FE43" box="[548,635,439,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC4FFB1FC94FE482CA9FE43" author="Lee, B. Y. &amp; Low, M. E. Y. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." box="[798,981,439,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="12 - 22" refId="ref30444" refString="Lee, B. Y., Low, M. E. Y. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2018) A nomenclatural review of the genus Schizophrys White, 1848 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Majoidea: Majidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 66, 12 - 22." type="journal article" year="2018">
Lee 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC4FFB1FCC5FE482CFDFE43" box="[847,897,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
. (2018
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 3). However, the Indonesian host is a yet to be identified, possibly new species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC4FFB1FD14FE242C6FFE66" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1847" box="[670,787,475,500]" class="Malacostraca" family="Epialtidae" genus="Hyastenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC4FFB1FD14FE242C6FFE66" box="[670,787,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hyastenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belonging to the 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC4FFB1FC5DFE242B32FE66" baseAuthorityName="Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[983,1102,475,500]" class="Malacostraca" family="Epialtidae" genus="Hyastenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC4FFB1FC5DFE242B32FE66" box="[983,1102,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (Crustacea: 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC4FFB1FAAEFE242AE4FE67" box="[1316,1432,475,501]" class="Malacostraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Decapoda</taxonomicName>
: Majoidea: 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC4FFB1FE9AFE002EFFFD8B" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1838" box="[272,387,511,537]" class="Malacostraca" family="Epialtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Epialtidae</taxonomicName>
) (P.K.L. Ng, 
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC4FFB1FD93FE002DDEFD8A" box="[537,674,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">pers. comm.</emphasis>
), which is known to associate with cnidarians (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC4FFB1FB3EFE002A16FD8B" author="Lee, B. Y. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." box="[1204,1386,511,537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="490 - 497" refId="ref30383" refString="Lee, B. Y. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2019) On the identity of Hyastenus inermis (Rathbun, 1911), and description of a new species from Sulawesi, Indonesia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Majoidea: Epialtidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 67, 490 - 497." type="journal article" year="2019">Lee &amp; Ng 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFC4FFB1FF4DFDDC2E68FC87" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC4FFB1FF4DFDDC2EC5FDAF" author="Stechow, E." box="[199,441,547,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="81 - 92" refId="ref32349" refString="Stechow, E. (1932) Neue Hydroiden aus dem Mittelmeer und dem Pazifischen Ozean, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige wenig bekannte Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 100 (3 - 4), 81 - 92." type="journal article" year="1932">Stechow’s (1932: 82)</bibRefCitation>
material was collected from Shark Bay in June, 
<date id="FFB2C1BAFFC4FFB1FC6EFDDC2A55FDAF" box="[996,1321,546,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1905-08" valueMax="1905-09-31" valueMin="1905-08-00">August and September 1905</date>
, and from Onslow (&gt; 
<quantity id="4CF44A9FFFC4FFB1FE9CFDB92E10FDF3" box="[278,364,582,609]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="km" value="500.0">500 km</quantity>
to the N) in July of the same year. According to SeaTemperature.org, the average temperatures for Shark Bay are 20.97°C (18.83‒23.72°C) in June, 20.03°C (18.51‒22.72°C) in August, and 20.50°C (18.98‒ 22.57°C) in September, and for Onslow 22.59°C (20.51‒25.26°C) in July. Conversely, the annual minimum temperature recorded for 
<collectingRegion id="49C82998FFC4FFB1FE39FD4C2E9EFD5F" box="[435,482,691,717]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Bali</collectingRegion>
is 26.8 °C (25.3‒28.4°C) in September, but the temperature rises to as much as 29° C (27.9‒30.1°C) in April, when our material was collected, indicating that 
<taxonomicName id="4C0C9CF9FFC4FFB1FC30FD282B66FD63" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1932" box="[954,1050,727,753]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Corymorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="balssi">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC4FFB1FC30FD282B66FD63" box="[954,1050,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. balssi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can live under different ecological conditions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C316B4F1FFC4FFB1FF4DFCE12EC7FC13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB3E77AFFC4FFB1FF4DFCE12EC7FC13" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9783B68FFC4FFB1FF4DFCE12E25FCAA" bold="true" box="[199,345,798,824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution</emphasis>
. 
<collectingCountry id="F31BA7EAFFC4FFB1FEECFCE02EADFCAB" box="[358,465,799,825]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Australia</collectingCountry>
: Shark Bay and Onslow, WA (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D9A8BFFC4FFB1FCA9FCE02CB4FCAB" author="Stechow, E." box="[803,968,799,825]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="81 - 92" refId="ref32349" refString="Stechow, E. (1932) Neue Hydroiden aus dem Mittelmeer und dem Pazifischen Ozean, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige wenig bekannte Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 100 (3 - 4), 81 - 92." type="journal article" year="1932">Stechow 1932</bibRefCitation>
); 
<collectingCountry id="F31BA7EAFFC4FFB1FC56FCE02B31FCAB" box="[988,1101,799,825]" name="Indonesia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="49C82998FFC4FFB1FBD2FCE02BFBFCAB" box="[1112,1159,799,825]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Bali</collectingRegion>
(present study), Borneo, Sumbawa, Komodo Archipelago, Lembeh Strait, 
<collectingCountry id="F31BA7EAFFC4FFB1FD47FCBC2C5DFCCF" box="[717,801,835,861]" name="Indonesia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ambon</collectingCountry>
(based on photographs available on Flickr, iNaturalist, Instagram and Facebook).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>