274 lines
31 KiB
XML
274 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="BD2C2439915A4A927BF0CD1272D1BA1A" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.179852" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1a7bd113-0271-4abb-b85c-637bab541d09" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="179852" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460004607465" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rowe, Chad L., Adamowicz, Sarah J. & Hebert, Paul D. N." docDate="2007" docId="03F8375C9D3CFFBEFF33A341FBC0C501" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01656p049.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1656" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Holopedium acidophilum Rowe, Adamowicz & Hebert, 2007, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="FFC14F249D23FF9FFFA4A10EFFC4C76B" masterDocTitle="Three new cryptic species of the freshwater zooplankton genus Holopedium (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Ctenopoda), revealed by genetic methods" masterLastPageNumber="49" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1698233193010" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="B1724E11D7A0A496B5D9B4092D83F2FA">Three new cryptic species of the freshwater zooplankton genus Holopedium (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Ctenopoda), revealed by genetic methods</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0EAF62F3CE7D63432E2F6EA05537E9C0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="CBBE2771D52A19D506C4EE7BC4112C17">Rowe, Chad L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="584F66F709FFA3ABE9CE06B4BAE9718B">Adamowicz, Sarah J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="C7AE5CA2FEDC96A5C329D19C52B61926">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F1CFB65B896ED0B0B830AF447E8E0E25">Hebert, Paul D. N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6084A4C97F80BF69D67721051669EDC6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5B89B4020FA8DC398F984D4D1018C692">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="339200B5F8F61BDEF4D3C95919015820">
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<mods:date id="0F8A9A5C15CFE2156DA9347FFDA519C7">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="520D209394F1133852632D3460FD6A5A">1656</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="49C0395F5541C1DE61E5D1DBA3AB18D1" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.179852</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F8375C9D3CFFBEFF33A341FBC0C501" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5614582" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119380876" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5614582" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F8375C9D3CFFBEFF33A341FBC0C501" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F8375C9D3CFFBEFF33A341FBC0C501" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<subSubSection id="C34BD5C19D3CFF80FF33A341FDD1C502" box="[151,533,591,617]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D3CFF80FF33A341FDD1C502" blockId="31.[151,533,591,617]" box="[151,533,591,617]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<heading id="D0A631269D3CFF80FF33A341FDD1C502" bold="true" box="[151,533,591,617]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9255A589D3CFF80FF33A341FDD1C502" bold="true" box="[151,533,591,617]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3CFF80FF33A341FE0FC502" ID-CoL="3M9BY" box="[151,459,591,617]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9255A589D3CFF80FF33A341FE0FC502" bold="true" box="[151,459,591,617]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Holopedium acidophilum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A216E7239D3CFF80FE77A341FDD1C502" box="[467,533,591,617]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34BD5C19D3CFF80FF33A391FEC8C589" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D3CFF80FF33A391FEC8C589" blockId="31.[151,1437,671,2018]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<emphasis id="B9255A589D3CFF80FF33A391FEE7C5D2" bold="true" box="[151,291,671,697]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Etymology.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3CFF80FE8FA3AEFE79C5D2" box="[299,445,672,697]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilum">
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<emphasis id="B9255A589D3CFF80FE8FA3AEFE79C5D2" box="[299,445,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">acidophilum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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refers to the apparent restriction of populations of this species to acidic bogs, ponds, and lakes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34BD5C19D3CFF80FF63A3E1FEE8C2B1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D3CFF80FF63A3E1FEAAC4E9" blockId="31.[151,1437,671,2018]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3CFF80FF63A3E1FEAAC462" bold="true" box="[199,366,751,777]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<typeStatus id="54EA38E89D3CFF80FF63A3E1FEC0C462" box="[199,260,751,777]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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Red Rock Pond, New Brunswick,
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<collectingCountry id="F346C6DA9D3CFF80FCB7A3FEFCAFC461" box="[787,875,752,778]" name="Canada" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Canada</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE65E08D9D3CFF80FCD8A3FEFC3CC461" box="[892,1016,752,778]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" precision="55" value="45.233">45.233º N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE65E08D9D3CFF80FBA2A3FEFB4CC461" box="[1030,1160,752,778]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" precision="55" value="-66.733">66.733º W</geoCoordinate>
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), which is located near St. George, NB. It is situated north of Lake Utopia. From Hwy 785, turn onto Red Rock Lake Road. This road bifurcates
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<quantity id="4CA92BAF9D3CFF80FEB6A24EFEA7C431" box="[274,355,832,858]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="km" value="3.5">3.5 km</quantity>
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later. Take the right fork. Proceed
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<quantity id="4CA92BAF9D3CFF80FD5FA24EFC8AC431" box="[763,846,832,858]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="km" value="2.9">2.9 km</quantity>
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to Red Rock Pond which is on the right hand side of the gravel road.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D3CFF80FF63A281FCDDC4B9" blockId="31.[151,1437,671,2018]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<emphasis id="B9255A589D3CFF80FF63A281FDC8C4C2" bold="true" box="[199,524,911,937]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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||
<typeStatus id="54EA38E89D3CFF80FF63A281FEC0C4C2" box="[199,260,911,937]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Type</typeStatus>
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specimens.
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<typeStatus id="54EA38E89D3CFF80FE3EA281FDC8C4C2" box="[410,524,911,937]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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: an ovigerous female in ethanol deposited in the
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<collectionCode id="ED401E8F9D3CFF80FBF5A29EFB50C4C1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34935" box="[1105,1172,912,938]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34935" name="Canadian Museum of Nature" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">CMN</collectionCode>
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under accession number
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<collectionCode id="ED401E8F9D3CFF80FF67A2B6FEDEC4B9" box="[195,282,952,978]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">CMNC</collectionCode>
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2007-0738 (collection date
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<date id="FFEFA08A9D3CFF80FDC0A2B6FCC8C4B9" box="[612,780,952,978]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="1992-06-13">June 13, 1992</date>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D3CFF80FF63A2D1FD28C349" blockId="31.[151,1437,671,2018]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3CFF80FF63A2D1FE80C492" bold="true" box="[199,324,991,1017]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<typeStatus id="54EA38E89D3CFF80FF63A2D1FE80C492" box="[199,324,991,1017]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
: 10 ovigerous females, preserved in ethanol, deposited in the
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<collectionCode id="ED401E8F9D3CFF80FB94A2EEFBB7C491" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34935" box="[1072,1139,992,1018]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34935" name="Canadian Museum of Nature" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">CMN</collectionCode>
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||
under accession number
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||
<collectionCode id="ED401E8F9D3CFF80FF33A506FF2AC349" box="[151,238,1032,1058]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">CMNC</collectionCode>
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||
2007-0739 (collection date
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||
<date id="FFEFA08A9D3CFF80FD93A506FD1BC349" box="[567,735,1032,1058]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="1992-06-13">June 13, 1992</date>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D3CFF80FF63A521FB4BC321" blockId="31.[151,1437,671,2018]" box="[199,1167,1071,1098]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3CFF80FF63A521FE7FC322" bold="true" box="[199,443,1071,1097]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Material examined.</emphasis>
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Other habitats with
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<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3CFF80FD0EA53EFCA4C322" box="[682,864,1072,1097]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilum">
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<emphasis id="B9255A589D3CFF80FD0EA53EFCA4C322" box="[682,864,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">H. acidophilum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are listed in Appendix A.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D3CFF80FF63A559FCFCC3A9" blockId="31.[151,1437,671,2018]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3CFF80FF63A559FDDEC31A" bold="true" box="[199,538,1111,1137]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Morphological description.</emphasis>
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FEMALE. Representative photomicrographs are shown in
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<figureCitation id="136A9ACF9D3CFF80FB79A556FAE1C319" box="[1245,1317,1112,1138]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="32.[151,255,1762,1786]" captionTargetBox="[221,1374,183,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[221,1376,183,1736]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 9. Representative photomicrographs of Holopedium acidophilum. (a, b) Lateral view of female in jelly coat stained with dilute fuschain red. (c) Lateral view of female head and anterior jelly curl. Jelly coat stained with dilute fuschian red. (d) Lateral view of female abdomen. (e, f) Lateral views of female postabdomen (g) Lateral view of female postabdomen, Red Rock Pond, New Brunswick, June 1, 1992. (h) Lateral view of brood pouch margin and eggs. (i) Lateral view of ventral carapace spinules. (j, k) Lateral views of male with jelly coat removed. (l) Frontal view of male biramous antennae. (m) Lateral view of hook on first thoracic limb of male. (n) Lateral view of male postabdomen. (a – c, h, j – n) from Red Rock Pond, New Brunswick, June 15, 1994. (d – f, i) from Saunders Pond, Oregon, April 16, 1993." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179861/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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. The jelly coat is of the A
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<typeStatus id="54EA38E89D3CFF80FEF3A58EFE49C3F1" box="[343,397,1152,1178]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">type</typeStatus>
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, in which the anterior jelly curl arches toward the anterior portion of the jelly coat, and the lateral lobes are undivided (see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC0FBBB9D3CFF80FD92A5A6FCEFC3A9" author="Montvilo" box="[566,811,1192,1218]" pageId="31" pageNumber="41" refString="Montvilo, J. A., Hegyi, M. A. & Kevin, M. J. (1987) Aspects of the anatomy of the jelly coat of Holopedium and certain other Cladocerans (Crustacea). Transactions of the American Miscroscopical Society, 106, 105 - 113." type="journal article" year="1987">
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Montvilo
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<emphasis id="B9255A589D3CFF80FD0EA5A6FD21C3AA" box="[682,741,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
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1987
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D3CFF80FF63A5DEFDA3C209" blockId="31.[151,1437,671,2018]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
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Adult carapace lengths range from
|
||
<quantity id="4CA92BAF9D3CFF80FDD4A5DEFCD9C381" box="[624,797,1232,1258]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" metricValueMax="1.46" metricValueMin="0.62" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="1.04" valueMax="1.46" valueMin="0.62">0.62–1.46 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean
|
||
<quantity id="4CA92BAF9D3CFF80FCDDA5DEFC2CC381" box="[889,1000,1232,1258]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.10 mm</quantity>
|
||
), while carapace heights range from
|
||
<quantity id="4CA92BAF9D3CFF80FF33A5F6FE85C279" box="[151,321,1272,1298]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" metricValueMax="14.8" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="0.86" valueMax="1.48" valueMin="0.24">0.24–1.48 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean
|
||
<quantity id="4CA92BAF9D3CFF80FE3CA5F6FDC1C279" box="[408,517,1272,1298]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="1.08">1.08 mm</quantity>
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||
). The H/L ratios range from 0.40–1.29 (mean 0.97). The ventral carapace margin is ordinarily spinulated posteriorly, but smooth anteriorly. Individuals lacking spinulation along the entire ventral valve margin were encountered.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D3CFF80FF63A47EFEE8C2B1" blockId="31.[151,1437,671,2018]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Anal spine number ranges from 8–21 (mean 14.07).
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3CFF80FC8AA47EFB9EC2E2" box="[814,1114,1392,1417]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3CFF80FC8AA47EFB9EC2E2" box="[814,1114,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Holopedium acidophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks a basal spine on each postabdominal claw. Each claw invariably has a row of denticles running laterally from the base of the claw to its midpoint.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34BD5C19D3CFF80FF63A4E6FBE0C089" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D3CFF80FF63A4E6FDA1C139" blockId="31.[151,1437,671,2018]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
MALE. Males were found in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EA38E89D3CFF80FDF1A4E6FD43C169" box="[597,647,1512,1538]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (Red Rock Pond, NB) from collections made in June and September over several years. Body lengths range from
|
||
<quantity id="4CA92BAF9D3CFF80FC8DA71EFC1CC141" box="[809,984,1552,1578]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.55" metricValueMax="9.1" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="0.655" valueMax="0.91" valueMin="0.4">0.40–0.91 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The ventral carapace margin is spinulated posteriorly, but smooth anteriorly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D3CFF80FF63A76EFA49C1C9" blockId="31.[151,1437,671,2018]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Males possess 9–17 anal spines.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3CFF80FDFFA76EFC4EC112" box="[603,906,1632,1657]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3CFF80FDFFA76EFC4EC112" box="[603,906,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Holopedium acidophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks a basal spine on each postabdominal claw. Each claw invariably has a row of denticles running laterally from the base of the claw to its midpoint.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D3CFF80FF63A7A1FBE0C089" blockId="31.[151,1437,671,2018]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3CFF80FF63A7A1FE1FC1A2" bold="true" box="[199,475,1711,1737]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3CFF80FE47A7BEFD5FC1A2" box="[483,667,1712,1737]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3CFF80FE47A7BEFD5FC1A2" box="[483,667,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">H. acidophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3CFF80FC7AA7BEFAB2C1A2" box="[990,1398,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3CFF80FC7AA7BEFB53C1A2" box="[990,1175,1712,1737]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicum">H. amazonicum</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3CFF80FB70A7BEFAB2C1A2" box="[1236,1398,1712,1737]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlanticum">H. atlanticum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
by its larger size and greater number of anal spines. It differs from both members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3CFF80FB02A7D6FAF9C19A" box="[1190,1341,1752,1777]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibberum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3CFF80FB02A7D6FAF9C19A" box="[1190,1341,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">H. gibberum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex by its lack of a basal spine on the postabdominal claw.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3CFF80FC3EA60EFB03C072" box="[922,1223,1792,1817]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3CFF80FC3EA60EFB03C072" box="[922,1223,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Holopedium acidophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be biochemically distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3CFF80FE60A626FDA3C02A" box="[452,615,1832,1857]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlanticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3CFF80FE60A626FDA3C02A" box="[452,615,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">H. atlanticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3CFF80FD1BA626FD31C02A" box="[703,757,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Pgm</emphasis>
|
||
locus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3CFF80FCEAA626FBBFC02A" box="[846,1147,1832,1857]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3CFF80FCEAA626FBBFC02A" box="[846,1147,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Holopedium acidophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses an allele that migrates faster than the allele present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3CFF80FDD2A65EFCD3C002" box="[630,791,1872,1897]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlanticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3CFF80FDD2A65EFCD3C002" box="[630,791,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">H. atlanticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. COI mtDNA sequence divergence between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3CFF80FA88A65EFF2DC0FA" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3CFF80FA88A65EFF2DC0FA" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">H. acidophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3CFF80FE87A676FE18C0FA" box="[291,476,1912,1937]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3CFF80FE87A676FE18C0FA" box="[291,476,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">H. amazonicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
averages 8.7%, while the divergence between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3CFF80FBA3A676FB7AC0FA" box="[1031,1214,1912,1937]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3CFF80FBA3A676FB7AC0FA" box="[1031,1214,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">H. acidophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3CFF80FB5EA676FA58C0FA" box="[1274,1436,1912,1937]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlanticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3CFF80FB5EA676FA58C0FA" box="[1274,1436,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">H. atlanticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
averages 10.6%. Based on current evidence, individuals showing less than 6% divergence from a representative COI mtDNA sequence (GenBank
|
||
<accessionNumber id="94021BA99D3CFF80FDF8A6C6FD27C089" box="[604,739,1992,2018]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AF245352" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">AF 245352</accessionNumber>
|
||
) belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D3CFF80FCC3A6C6FBD9C08A" box="[871,1053,1992,2017]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D3CFF80FCC3A6C6FBD9C08A" box="[871,1053,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">H. acidophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF2ED6C29D03FFBFFF33A7ECFAA2C0A2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179861/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" targetBox="[221,1374,183,1736]" targetPageId="32">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D03FFBFFF33A7ECFAA2C0A2" blockId="32.[151,1436,1762,1993]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D03FFBFFF33A7ECFED8C191" bold="true" box="[151,284,1762,1786]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Representative photomicrographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D03FFBFFD1CA7ECFC0EC192" box="[696,970,1762,1785]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D03FFBFFD1CA7ECFC0EC192" box="[696,970,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Holopedium acidophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (a,b) Lateral view of female in jelly coat stained with dilute fuschain red. (c) Lateral view of female head and anterior jelly curl. Jelly coat stained with dilute fuschian red. (d) Lateral view of female abdomen. (e,f) Lateral views of female postabdomen (g) Lateral view of female postabdomen, Red Rock Pond, New Brunswick, June 1, 1992. (h) Lateral view of brood pouch margin and eggs. (i) Lateral view of ventral carapace spinules. (j,k) Lateral views of male with jelly coat removed. (l) Frontal view of male biramous antennae. (m) Lateral view of hook on first thoracic limb of male. (n) Lateral view of male postabdomen. (a–c, h, j–n) from Red Rock Pond, New Brunswick, June 15, 1994. (d–f, i) from Saunders Pond, Oregon, April 16, 1993.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34BD5C19D02FFBEFF33A199FBC0C501" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D02FFBEFF33A199FBB0C6A1" blockId="33.[151,1437,151,618]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D02FFBEFF33A199FEF3C7DA" bold="true" box="[151,311,151,177]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D02FFBEFEE5A196FDAAC7DA" box="[321,622,152,177]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D02FFBEFEE5A196FDAAC7DA" box="[321,622,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Holopedium acidophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be restricted to a narrow latitudinal range (43º to 47º N) spanning North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F346C6DA9D02FFBEFEF0A1CEFE7DC7B1" box="[340,441,192,218]" name="United States of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136A9ACF9D02FFBEFE6DA1CEFDD5C7B1" box="[457,529,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1272,1296]" captionTargetBox="[215,1338,187,1245]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[215,1373,187,1246]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Putative geographic distribution of Holopedium species. Dots indicate populations where species assignments were confirmed by genetic analyses. Dark shaded areas represent the hypothesized range of each species based on results from this study and from distribution data from 1,827 localities inhabited by Holopedium, obtained from literature reports or by sampling (see Rowe 2000). Since several species are morphologically cryptic while the species complexes can be readily distinguished, the areas between or adjacent to genetic localities are tentatively marked as that same species, provided that there are Holopedium records there belonging to the same complex. Pending further evidence, all South American localities are here shaded as H. amazonicum and most Eurasian localities as H. gibberum s. s., but further cryptic species may be detected in the future. Definitive species assignments for populations in Greenland and India, which are currently described as separate species, require genetic evidence (see text), but morphological traits indicate that they do belong to the H. gibberum complex. Their distributions are shown along with H. gibberum s. s. (inset map in part b). a) H. glacialis n. sp., b) H. gibberum s. s., c) H. atlanticum n. sp., d) H. acidophilum n. sp., and e) H. amazonicum s. s." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179856/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
d). This species was not found to co-occur with other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D02FFBEFAA0A1CEFA51C7B2" box="[1284,1429,192,217]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D02FFBEFAA0A1CEFA51C7B2" box="[1284,1429,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Holopedium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Despite concentrated sampling within this range, this species was found rarely. It occurred in three lakes and one pond on the west coast of Oregon, a small pond on the upper Michigan peninsula, and two bogs in southeastern New Brunswick. The eastern bog habitats were situated within a few kilometers of lake populations of both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D02FFBEFF76A06EFE9FC612" box="[210,347,352,377]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glacialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D02FFBEFF76A06EFE9FC612" box="[210,347,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">H. glacialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D02FFBEFE37A06EFDF0C612" box="[403,564,352,377]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlanticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D02FFBEFE37A06EFDF0C612" box="[403,564,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">H. atlanticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but there was no evidence of genetic exchange as indicated by distinctive allozyme and mtDNA profiles. In the west,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D02FFBEFD3AA086FC92C6CA" box="[670,854,392,417]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D02FFBEFD3AA086FC92C6CA" box="[670,854,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">H. acidophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found in coastal lakes and ponds in Oregon, while the nearest populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51FDC99D02FFBEFDB0A0BEFD59C6A2" box="[532,669,432,457]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Holopediidae" genus="Holopedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glacialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D02FFBEFDB0A0BEFD59C6A2" box="[532,669,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">H. glacialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were in lakes in the Coastal Mountains.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE864A9D02FFBEFF63A0D9FBC0C501" blockId="33.[151,1437,151,618]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9255A589D02FFBEFF63A0D9FE5FC69A" bold="true" box="[199,411,471,497]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Breeding system.</emphasis>
|
||
Males were detected in the eastern populations in mid June and late September, indicating that members of these populations are cyclical parthenogens. Males were not detected in western and central populations, but this was likely because they were sampled in the summer. Moreover, genotype frequencies were generally concordant with Hardy-Weinberg expectations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |