208 lines
29 KiB
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208 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="C26E023678A8833C31AD3E1A6B813F00" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2018v40a3" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5374872" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2E49A6A0-6E02-4A71-870B-5D3BA18E8E81" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630277070326" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Bonis, Louis de, Peigné, Stéphane, Mackaye, Hassane Taisso, Likius, Andossa, Vignaud, Patrick & Brunet, Michel" docDate="2018" docId="03A287DF8619194C3C26B597FC16F9BC" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.2018.40.3.69-86.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 40 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Tchadailurus adei Bonis & Peigné & Mackaye & Likius & Vignaud & Brunet 2018, n. sp." docType="treatment" docUuid="252A3506-D56B-457D-8673-D8C483759FDC" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="71" masterDocId="FF9BFFA7861D19483D64B144FFCFFFB1" masterDocTitle="New sabre toothed Felidae (Carnivora, Mammalia) in the hominid-bearing sites of Toros Menalla (late Miocene, Chad)" masterLastPageNumber="86" masterPageNumber="67" pageNumber="71" updateTime="1699210602139" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:title id="99D1BBFD449B56E6B2AABF09AFAB7C89">New sabre toothed Felidae (Carnivora, Mammalia) in the hominid-bearing sites of Toros Menalla (late Miocene, Chad)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="790585DD75A7F4B06C1C68D7ECC08181">Bonis, Louis de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EAF698217A7C9D4E7F30AD797D25A562">Peigné, Stéphane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E62C4D9B196186F84C61C7BAA1CE69EE">Mackaye, Hassane Taisso</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="17E632AFCD1FA797BC2F0FA903BF9E65">Likius, Andossa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="09999650E8069C0B023468B0BDAC38E5">Vignaud, Patrick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8B667BE803FD586AF54620A682AB88CC">Brunet, Michel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E3986E4F3F8721447C87BFDC61DC421F">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4A8D6EF7FA44632B0C1164AA6FCDF3A6">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="431BB3BEC7D04DE191874A37A710E1E4">2018-02-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A897B6C0F68326B6FBE6BD22A55BE993">40</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="0EC6D81B13D099C4C6B5371BD1477F49">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E5113A13A60C88E5C81F0AED443F01C4" type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2018v40a3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="94C1075BDAD87992705EB4D154E16549" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A287DF8619194C3C26B597FC16F9BC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5480028" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5480028" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:252A3506-D56B-457D-8673-D8C483759FDC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A287DF8619194C3C26B597FC16F9BC" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
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<subSubSection id="C31165428619194C3C26B597FD85FB5F" box="[322,586,1235,1262]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB436C98619194C3C26B597FD85FB5F" blockId="4.[322,586,1235,1262]" box="[322,586,1235,1262]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
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<heading id="D0FC81A58619194C3C26B597FD85FB5F" box="[322,586,1235,1262]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D4A8619194C3C26B597FDC7FB5F" authority="Bonis & Peigné & Mackaye & Likius & Vignaud & Brunet, 2018" authorityName="Bonis & Peigné & Mackaye & Likius & Vignaud & Brunet" authorityYear="2018" box="[322,520,1235,1262]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Tchadailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adei" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B97FEADB8619194C3C26B597FDC7FB5F" bold="true" box="[322,520,1235,1262]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Tchadailurus adei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24C57A08619194C3F6AB590FD85FB5F" box="[526,586,1236,1262]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31165428619194C3C34B5B7FDF4FABF" box="[336,571,1267,1294]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB436C98619194C3C34B5B7FDF4FABF" blockId="4.[336,571,1267,1294]" box="[336,571,1267,1294]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13302A4C8619194C3C33B5B7FE7EFABF" box="[343,433,1267,1294]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStart-4="FIG" captionStartId-0="6.[132,143,1710,1728]" captionStartId-1="7.[132,143,1659,1677]" captionStartId-2="8.[813,824,662,680]" captionStartId-3="10.[132,143,1337,1355]" captionStartId-4="12.[813,824,1292,1310]" captionTargetBox-0="[225,1363,218,1668]" captionTargetBox-1="[232,1350,215,1618]" captionTargetBox-3="[266,1318,217,1297]" captionTargetBox-4="[884,1381,233,1251]" captionTargetId-0="figure-173@6.[220,1368,207,1688]" captionTargetId-1="figure-164@7.[220,794,780,1357]" captionTargetId-3="figure-353@10.[254,794,206,761]" captionTargetId-4="figure-782@12.[862,1406,211,783]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-3="10" captionTargetPageId-4="12" captionText-0="FIG. 1. — Tchadailurus adei n. gen., n. sp., TM 112-00-99, from Toros Menalla. Left maxilla with C-M1 in labial (A1), lingual (A2), and occlusal (A3) views; right hemimandible with c-m1 in lingual (B1), labial (B2), and occlusal (B3) views; fragmentary atlas in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views. Scale bar: 10 mm." captionText-1="FIG. 2. — Tchadailurus adei n. gen., n. sp., TM 112-00-99, from Toros Menalla. Fragment of left humerus in anterio view (A); subcomplete right ulna in lateral (B1), medial (B2), and anterior (B3) views; subcomplete left radius in medial view (C); proximal fragment of left scapula in lateral (D1) and proximal (D2) views; left scapholunar in proximal (E1), distal (E2), and posterior (E3) views; right pisiform in lateral view (F); articulated right Mc I and first phalanx of digit I in anterior view (G). Scale bar: 10 mm." captionText-2="FIG. 3. — Tchadailurus adei n. gen., n. sp., TM 112-00-99, from Toros Menalla. Left metacarpals in dorsal view: Mc II (A), Mc III (B), Mc IV (C), and Mc V (D). Scale bar: 10 mm." captionText-3="FIG. 4. — Tchadailurus adei n. gen., n. sp., TM 112-00-99, from Toros Menalla. Fragmentary right pelvis in lateral view (A); right astragalus in dorsal (B1) and ventral (B2) views; right calcaneus in medial (C1), dorsal (C2), and lateral (C3) views; left lateral cuneiform in medial (D1), lateral (D2), proximal (D3), and distal (D4) views. Scale bar: 10 mm." captionText-4="FIG. 5. — Tchadailurus adei n. gen., n. sp., TM 112-00-99, from Toros Menalla. Metatarsals:right Mt II (A1) and Mt III (A2) in medial view; left Mt IV lateral view (A3) and subcomplete left Mt V in anterior view (A4). Dinofelis sp., TM 74-01- 06, from Toros Menalla: left upper canine in lateral (B1) and medial (B2) views. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374874" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374876" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374878" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374880" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5374874/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5374876/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5374878/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/5374880/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Figs 1-5</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C68903728619194C3CDBB5B7FDFDFABF" box="[447,562,1267,1294]" captionStart-0="TABLE" captionStart-1="TABLE" captionStart-2="TABLE" captionStart-3="TABLE" captionStart-4="TABLE" captionStart-5="TABLE" captionStart-6="TABLE" captionStartId-0="5.[132,143,219,237]" captionStartId-1="8.[132,143,219,237]" captionStartId-2="9.[131,142,219,237]" captionStartId-3="11.[132,143,219,237]" captionStartId-4="14.[132,143,219,237]" captionStartId-5="16.[131,142,219,237]" captionStartId-6="16.[132,143,713,731]" captionTargetBox-1="[911,1342,219,621]" captionTargetId-1="figure-958@8.[902,1353,214,659]" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="TABLE 1. — Measurements in mm of the dentition of Tchadailurus adei n. gen., n. sp. (TM 112-00-99). Symbol: *, estimates.Abbreviation: postc, postcanine. See Material and methods for additional abbreviations." captionText-1="TABLE 2. — Measurements in mm of caudal (Cd) body length of Tchadailurus adei n. gen., n. sp. (TM 112-00-99) compared to several extant medium-sized Felinae. Rank of the caudals of TM 112-00-99 were inferred based on comparative anatomy." captionText-2="TABLE 3. — Measurements in mm of the atlas, scapula and long bones of the forelimb of Tchadailurus adei n. gen., n. sp. (TM 112-00-99) compared to several extant medium-sized Felinae. Symbol:*, estimate. Abbreviations:Dia, diameter; ML, mediolateral; dist, distal; art, articulation; prox, proximal; DV, dorsoventral; max, maximal; cran, cranial; coron, coronoid process of the ulna; Sp. no., specimen collection number. Extant specimens are from MNHN-ZM-(MO) collections. See Material and methods for additional abbreviations." captionText-3="TABLE 4. — Measurements in mm of the carpals and metacarpals of Tchadailurus adei n. gen., n. sp. (TM 112-00-99) compared to several extant medium-sized Felinae. Abbreviations: Dia, diameter; ML, mediolateral; AP, anteroposterior; PD, proximodistal; dist, distal; art, articulation; prox, proximal; DV, dorsoventral; min, minimal; max, maximal; cran, cranial; trap, trapezium; Sp. no., specimen collection number. Extant specimens are from MNHN-ZM-(MO) collections. See Material and methods for additional abbreviations." captionText-4="TABLE 5. — Measurements of hind limb bones of Tchadailurus adei n. gen., n. sp. (TM 112-00-99) compared to several extant medium-sized Felinae. Abbreviations: Dia, diameter; ML, mediolateral; AP, anteroposterior; PD, proximodistal; tuber, tuber calcanei; dist, distal; art, articulation; prox, proximal; Lat, lateral; cuneif, cuneiform; Int, intermediate; DV, dorsoventral; Lbase art dist, maximum length between the proximal epiphysis and the proximalmost point of the distal articulation;Sp. no., specimen collection number.Extant specimens are from MNHN-ZM-(MO) collections.See Material and methods for additional abbreviations." captionText-5="TABLE 6. — Measurements in mm of the Mc I and its associated first phalanx of Tchadailurus adei n. gen., n. sp. (TM 112-00-99) compared to several extant medium-sized Felinae. Abbreviations: ML, mediolateral; prox, proximal; Sp. no., specimen collection number. Extant specimens are from MNHN-ZM-(MO) collections. See Material and methods for additional abbreviations." captionText-6="TABLE 7. — Relative proportions (%) of metapodial lengths in Tchadailurus adei n. gen., n. sp. (TM 112-00-99) compared to several extant medium-sized Felinae; for each species Mc and Mt III lengths are used as the reference (100%) to calculate the relative proportion of the other metapodials; for the Mt V, we use the maximum length between the proximal epiphysis and the proximalmost point of the distal articulation (see Table 5), because the distal articulation is not completely preserved. Abbreviations: Sp. no., specimen number; –, missing data." pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Tables 1-7</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31165428619194C3DE0B47AFA7FFEC2" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB436C98619194C3DE0B47AFA7FFEC2" blockId="4.[131,777,1341,2027]" lastBlockId="4.[811,1457,215,371]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
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<materialsCitation id="3B633C948619194C3DE0B47AFA7FFEC2" collectionCode="AND, V, II, IV" collectorName="There & This & Postcranial & Mc I & Mc & Ph I & Mt" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" specimenCode="TM 112" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54B0886B8619194C3DE0B47AFF21FAE5" box="[132,238,1342,1365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode id="ED1AAE0C8619194C3D90B407FED1FAE5" box="[244,286,1347,1364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">AND</collectionCode>
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SINGLE SPECIMEN. —
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<specimenCode id="DBAD9EB28619194C3C90B47AFD86FAE4" box="[500,585,1341,1365]" collectionCode="TM" country="Germany" name="Teylers Museum, Paleontologische" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">TM 112</specimenCode>
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-00-99: elements of a skull and partial skeleton including a left isolated I3, a left maxilla with canine, P3-M1 and a part of the zygomatic arch; right I2-I
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<quantity id="4CF39B2C8619194C3F85B436FCCAFA3B" box="[737,773,1394,1418]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
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a piece of premaxilla, a fragment of right maxilla with P3-P4, and an isolated left M1. A piece of left hemi-mandible with p3-m1, a fragment of the top of the left coronoid process, a left lower canine whose crown is partly broken off; a right hemi-mandible with c-m1, and quite complete ascending ramus.
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<collectorName id="26FE531F8619194C3C98B4B3FDFCF9BE" box="[508,563,1527,1551]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">There</collectorName>
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are also one piece of periotic bone and small fragments of skull including a fragment of basioccipital and the right occipital condyle.
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<collectorName id="26FE531F8619194C3F50B76FFD91F9F2" box="[564,606,1579,1603]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">This</collectorName>
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material is somewhat fragmentary but very well preserved without any distortion and it belongs certainly to a single individual.
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<collectorName id="26FE531F8619194C3F2FB724FD7AF9C9" box="[587,693,1632,1656]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Postcranial</collectorName>
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remains comprise: proximal fragment of left scapula; distal two-thirds of left humerus and distal fragment of right humerus; subcomplete left radius and epiphyses of right and left radius; subcomplete right ulna and fragment of diaphysis of left ulna; left scapholunar; left hamatum; right trapezium; right and left pisiforms; left
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<collectorName id="26FE531F8619194C3FC1B7A1FD1AF94D" box="[677,725,1765,1788]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Mc I</collectorName>
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to
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<collectionCode id="ED1AAE0C8619194C3F90B7A1FCCAF94D" box="[756,773,1765,1788]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
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, right
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<collectorName id="26FE531F8619194C3DDCB644FF28F8A6" box="[184,231,1792,1815]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Mc I</collectorName>
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, fragmentary
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<collectorName id="26FE531F8619194C3C09B644FE41F8A6" box="[365,398,1792,1815]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Mc</collectorName>
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<collectionCode id="ED1AAE0C8619194C3CF6B644FE6AF8A6" box="[402,421,1792,1815]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">II</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED1AAE0C8619194C3CCAB644FE07F8A6" box="[430,456,1792,1815]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">IV</collectionCode>
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and
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<collectionCode id="ED1AAE0C8619194C3C92B644FDC8F8A6" box="[502,519,1792,1815]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectorName id="26FE531F8619194C3F6BB7BBFDF6F8A6" box="[527,569,1791,1815]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Ph I</collectorName>
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; fragmentary left and right pelvis; diaphysis of right femur, distal fragment of diaphysis and distal epiphysis of left femur, left and right greater trochanters; left and right patellae; fragmentary proximal epiphysis of left and right tibias, distal fragment of diaphysis and distal epiphysis of right tibia and distal epiphysis of left tibia; fragmentary distal epiphysis of right fibula; right and left calcanei; right astragalus; subcomplete left and right cuboids; left lateral cuneiform; left intermediate cuneiform; right
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<collectorName id="26FE531F8619194C3DD8B697FF14F85B" box="[188,219,2003,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Mt</collectorName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE0C8619194C3D87B697FF3BF85B" box="[227,244,2003,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">II</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26FE531F8619194C3C4CB697FE88F85B" box="[296,327,2003,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Mt</collectorName>
|
||
III, left
|
||
<collectorName id="26FE531F8619194C3CF9B697FE73F85B" box="[413,444,2003,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Mt</collectorName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE0C8619194C3CA7B697FE1BF85B" box="[451,468,2003,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">II</collectionCode>
|
||
(subcomplete),
|
||
<collectorName id="26FE531F8619194C3F11B697FD5BF85B" box="[629,660,2003,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Mt</collectorName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE0C8619194C3FF8B697FD79F85B" box="[668,694,2003,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">IV</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26FE531F8619194C3F8DB697FCC7F85B" box="[745,776,2003,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Mt</collectorName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE0C8619194C3E4AB193FCF0FF5F" box="[814,831,215,238]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
(subcomplete); left and right proximal phalanx of the first digit, 9 additional proximal phalanges, 6 middle phalanges of the manus, 5 middle phalanges of the pes, 7 distal phalanges; fragments of ribs; subcomplete atlas; subcomplete cervical vertebra; fragment of lumbar vertebrae; and numerous fragments of undetermined cervical/thoracic/lumbar vertebrae; 10 more or less complete caudal vertebrae.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31165428619194C3E49B0CFFAD8FE69" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB436C98619194C3E49B0CFFAD8FE69" blockId="4.[813,1455,395,472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">ETYMOLOGY. — Derived from “adei”, meaning small in Goran (local language) and stressing the size difference between this species and the other machairodonts from Toros Menalla.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31165428619194C3E49B0B4FB10FD87" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB436C98619194C3E49B0B4FA47FDB6" blockId="4.[813,1416,495,519]" box="[813,1416,495,519]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE0C8619194C3E49B0B4FBE8FDB7" box="[813,1063,496,519]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">TYPE AND ONLY LOCALITY</collectionCode>
|
||
. —
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE0C8619194C3936B0B4FBB5FDB6" box="[1106,1146,496,519]" country="Germany" name="Teylers Museum, Paleontologische" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">TM</collectionCode>
|
||
112, Toros Menalla,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C76598619194C382FB0ABFA4BFDB6" box="[1355,1412,495,519]" name="Chad" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Chad</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB436C98619194C3E49B364FB10FD87" blockId="4.[813,1247,543,568]" box="[813,1247,543,568]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
|
||
GEOLOGICAL AGE. — Late Miocene
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEADB8619194C39EBB364FB51FD86" box="[1167,1182,544,567]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">c.</emphasis>
|
||
7 Ma.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31165428619194C3E49B30BFBF3FBC2" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB436C98619194C3E49B30BFB9AFC8B" blockId="4.[811,1457,591,826]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
|
||
DIAGNOSIS. — Dental formula: 3/3? I, 1/1 C, 2/2 P, 1/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD408619194C385CB30BFAA9FDD7" box="[1336,1382,591,615]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" type="generic">1 M.</specimenCount>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D4A8619194C380EB30BFA60FDD6" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1817" box="[1386,1455,591,615]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Felidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
characterized by a tall, flattened upper canine with mesial and distal keels, the latter with striations; absence of P2/p2; reduced p3; P4 with small pre-parastyle (ectostyle) and relatively long metastyle; mandible with reduced symphyseal angle and lowly situated mandibular condyle; extremely short and wide Mc I, with an articular surface for the trapezium that extends along half of the Mc I length; Mc I associated to a particularly robust proximal phalanx that reach up to 90% of the Mc I length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB436C98619194C3E49B216FBF3FBC2" blockId="4.[811,1457,850,1139]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
|
||
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS. — Differs from all the extant felids by the double keeled upper canine with striations in the distal keel; the relatively low dentary symphyseal angle (except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D4A8619194C3850B2C3FAB3FC2E" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[1332,1404,903,927]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Neofelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEADB8619194C3850B2C3FAB3FC2E" box="[1332,1404,903,927]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Neofelis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); the low position of the mandibular condyle; the short and wide Mc I; and by a first phalanx of digit I more robust (except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D4A8619194C382BB2F8FC62FC5F" baseAuthorityName="Bennett" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viverrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEADB8619194C382BB2F8FC62FC5F" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Prionailurus viverrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D4A8619194C3E85B292FB40FC5F" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[993,1167,982,1006]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Leopardus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEADB8619194C3E85B292FB40FC5F" box="[993,1167,982,1006]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Leopardus pardalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and much longer relative to the Mc I length. Differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D4A8619194C3938B2B5FA5CFBB8" box="[1116,1427,1009,1033]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Dinofelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEADB8619194C3938B2B5FB7FFBB8" box="[1116,1200,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Dinofelis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B388619194C39D3B2B5FA85FBB8" author="ZDANSKY O." box="[1207,1354,1009,1033]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 149" refId="ref19929" refString="ZDANSKY O. 1924. - Jungtertiare Carnivoren Chinas. Palaeontologia Sinica Series C 2: 1 - 149." type="journal article" year="1924">Zdansky, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its smaller size, a less robust upper canine and the absence of p2. Differs from the Eumachairodontia (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEADB8619194C39F9B562FB02FB8C" box="[1181,1229,1062,1085]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B388619194C39B0B561FA44FB8F" author="CHRISTIANSEN P." box="[1236,1419,1061,1086]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="543 - 559" refId="ref17041" refString="CHRISTIANSEN P. 2013. - Phylogeny of the sabertoothed felids (Carnivora: Felidae: Machairodontinae). Cladistics 29: 543 - 559. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12008" type="journal article" year="2013">Christiansen 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in the absence of scimitar or large dirk upper canine and the more developed protocone of P4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31165428619194C3E49B5D0FC16F9BC" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB436C98619194C3E49B5D0FC72FB1D" blockId="4.[811,1457,1172,1549]" box="[813,957,1172,1198]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB436C98619194C3E49B5F0FC29FB7F" blockId="4.[811,1457,1172,1549]" box="[813,998,1204,1230]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEADB8619194C3E49B5F0FC29FB7F" box="[813,998,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
|
||
Maxilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A4C8619194C3EEBB5F1FC11FB7F" box="[911,990,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1710,1728]" captionTargetBox="[225,1363,218,1668]" captionTargetId="figure-173@6.[220,1368,207,1688]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Tchadailurus adei n. gen., n. sp., TM 112-00-99, from Toros Menalla. Left maxilla with C-M1 in labial (A1), lingual (A2), and occlusal (A3) views; right hemimandible with c-m1 in lingual (B1), labial (B2), and occlusal (B3) views; fragmentary atlas in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374874" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5374874/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB436C98619194C3E49B590FC16F9BC" blockId="4.[811,1457,1172,1549]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
|
||
Visible in the left part, the lateral side of the maxilla is almost flat with two small depressions above P3 and P4 respectively. The infraorbital foramen is situated
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B2C8619194C39DFB450FAC3FA9F" box="[1211,1292,1300,1326]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
|
||
above P3 but, the higher part being broken off, we cannot indicate its precise size. The lower rim of the orbit is
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B2C8619194C39A6B417FADEFADF" box="[1218,1297,1363,1390]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="24.0">24 mm</quantity>
|
||
above P4. The zygomatic arch is high, relatively to the size of the maxilla, and the suture between maxilla and jugal bones is totally fused although, based on tooth wear, the specimen belongs to a young adult. The diastema between the canine and P3 is
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B2C8619194C3E21B4B7FC54F9BC" box="[837,923,1523,1549]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="9.3">9.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |