229 lines
36 KiB
XML
229 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="4D3DEB8E6A25EFCBAE4F88FD4BB058B3" ID-CLB-Dataset="30710" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2018.405" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9103f07a-5514-40f7-8624-b81b7a04510a" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1181135" ID-ZooBank="CEA229D3-4B76-4BED-92E5-9D761B7A02D0" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1519122189921" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shi, Benze & Xu, Kuidong" docDate="2018" docId="03A287D591331E07FDA38BCAFCDCE1BF" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-405_shi_xu.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 405" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Synonchium caudatubatum Shi 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="CDAACB82-D03D-4808-9B13-6B1AADFC9CF0" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FF9BFFAD913B1E0DFFE28D05FF80E726" masterDocTitle="Two new rapacious nematodes from intertidal sediments, Gammanema magnum sp. nov. and Synonchium caudatubatum sp. nov. (Nematoda, Selachinematidae)" masterLastPageNumber="17" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698523002313" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="2450AF3B937DA78710C7A8DD429D3059" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="30D484C715428B9B83D680347CB83CC6">
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<mods:title id="0772C512BA7B897BEC5B0BE80A0EB088">Two new rapacious nematodes from intertidal sediments, Gammanema magnum sp. nov. and Synonchium caudatubatum sp. nov. (Nematoda, Selachinematidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="C9673DED4195C4B57A7DC2DA04CAC96C" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="B21E5F6E8F96A3292DFC7CF8CEFF5391">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0C8410DA5D626D3AF97BBBA67B1ECDD4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0672D447148962E6B7D40ACDB22BEDC1">Shi, Benze</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="7BDFE25206509302BDC6180BF4023151" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="9EC1F19A050275F811738BC77F52E500">
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<mods:roleTerm id="53C76FD1ACA949D03893A62D8826851A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="375C0C8E55C771671D4A204FA50BA94B">Xu, Kuidong</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="81909846C1ABA505C102D7F8843EB9C1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="46EE80AC5DEEC9DACE017C5EFDF1717D">
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<mods:title id="45D5776003C8BE5F5950BEB7268E613A">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="AF4B558B8CDE431DAD607FB6CB23A829">
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<mods:date id="77003320548AAE7303A18623E1D14D66">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="3C08AA59AA47FF756D1DC441188CAA15" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="20E1134D93036ABC243DE17A410DF386">2018-02-20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="6CB8B7C07EFBA326EBE463CF1CAA9292" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="91D39DB70B054305AC541FB8D48441A1">405</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="E33C8183FF0124F489D539163AEA993D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="668BF93557ABE4C827462EFBBF8864C1" type="CLB-Dataset">30710</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="72B27D9878E0C534EF9A13BB8BD1DF66" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2018.405</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DFE3A187E076A7A6DAFD21FA2FD6D917" type="GBIF-Dataset">9103f07a-5514-40f7-8624-b81b7a04510a</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B48B513959351C91696D150108A1545C" type="Zenodo-Dep">1181135</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DA87C0053F6CDD7BF0AA4A683579D8B5" type="ZooBank">CEA229D3-4B76-4BED-92E5-9D761B7A02D0</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03A287D591331E07FDA38BCAFCDCE1BF" ID-GBIF-Taxon="141117794" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CDAACB82-D03D-4808-9B13-6B1AADFC9CF0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A287D591331E07FDA38BCAFCDCE1BF" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="C311654891331E05FDA38BCAFB58E02B" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB436C391331E05FDA38BCAFC72E1CC" blockId="8.[348,1240,1743,1842]" box="[577,1010,1743,1770]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="D0FC81AF91331E05FDA38BCAFC72E1CC" box="[577,1010,1743,1770]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D4091331E05FDA38BCAFC10E1CC" ID-CoL="8GK7N" authority="Shi, 2018" authorityName="Shi" authorityYear="2018" box="[577,912,1743,1770]" class="Chromadorea" family="Selachinematidae" genus="Synonchium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromadorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="caudatubatum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAD191331E05FDA38BCAFC10E1CC" bold="true" box="[577,912,1743,1770]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Synonchium caudatubatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24C57AA91331E05FC7A8BD5FC72E1CC" box="[920,1010,1744,1770]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB436C391331E05FEBE8BF6FB58E02B" blockId="8.[348,1240,1743,1842]" box="[348,1240,1779,1805]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CDAACB82-D03D-4808-9B13-6B1AADFC9CF0</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C311654891331E05FD428A12FC14E017" box="[672,916,1815,1842]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB436C391331E05FD428A12FC14E017" blockId="8.[348,1240,1743,1842]" box="[672,916,1815,1842]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<figureCitation id="13302A4691331E05FD428A12FC88E014" box="[672,776,1815,1842]" captionStart-0="Fig. 5" captionStart-1="Fig. 6" captionStart-2="Fig. 7" captionStartId-0="12.[189,232,1650,1676]" captionStartId-1="13.[189,232,1824,1850]" captionStartId-2="14.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox-0="[287,1298,269,1618]" captionTargetBox-1="[205,1379,266,1784]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1399,658,1850]" captionTargetId-0="figure@12.[283,1303,263,1622]" captionTargetId-1="figure@13.[205,1379,266,1784]" captionTargetId-2="figure@14.[189,1399,658,1850]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionTargetPageId-2="14" captionText-0="Fig. 5. Synonchium caudatubatum sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (A, C–F) and a paratype, ♀ (B). A. Overview, showing the slightly slender body shape, the broad anterior buccal cavity and the narrow posterior buccalcavity with threemandibles, thecylindrical pharynx with anterior end swelling, the two opposed testes with oval sperm cells, the almost straight spicules without gubernaculum, the caudal glands with spinneret, and the bluntly rounded tail with a protuberant caudal duct. B. Overview, showing same structures as male holotype except the two reflexed ovaries. C. Eachmandible has a large tooth flanked by three small teeth to each side. D–E. Head, showing the papillate sensilla, transverse oval amphideal fovea, transverse rows of punctuations, lateral cuticle pores, the broad anterior buccal cavity and the narrowposteriorbuccalcavitywiththreemandibles.F.Tail,showingthealmoststraightspiculeswithout gubernaculum, the three caudal glands with spinneret, and the bluntly rounded tail with protuberant caudal duct. Scale bars:A–B, D–F = 50 μm, C = 50 μm." captionText-1="Fig. 6. Synonchium caudatubatum sp. nov. holotype, ♂ (A–C) and a paratype, ♂ (D). A–B. Head, showing the papillate sensilla, transverse ovalamphideal fovea, transverse rows of punctuations, lateral cuticle pores, the broad anterior buccal cavity and narrow posterior buccal cavity with three mandibles each with seven teeth, and the swelling anterior end of pharynx. C. Tail, showing the almost straight spiculeswithoutgubernaculum,andthebluntlyroundedtailwithaprotuberantcaudalduct.D.Overview, showing the slightly slender body. Scale bars:A–C = 30 µm, D = 100 µm." captionText-2="Fig. 7. Synonchium caudatubatum sp. nov., paratypes, ♀♀. A–B. Head, showing the same structures as male holotype. C. Spicules (arrow) of prey nematodes left in the intestine. D. Tail, showing the caudal glandswith spinneretandthe bluntlyrounded tail witha protuberantcaudalduct.E. Overview, showing the slightly slender body shape and two opposed testes. Scale bars:A–D = 50 µm, E = 100 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1181155/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1181159/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1181163/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 5–7</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C689037891331E05FCF68A12FC14E017" box="[788,916,1815,1841]" captionStart-0="Table 2" captionStart-1="Table 3" captionStartId-0="10.[189,258,268,294]" captionStartId-1="11.[145,214,709,735]" captionText-0="Table 2. Morphometrics (measurements in μm) of Synonchium caudatubatum sp. nov. Figures between brackets represent mean values." captionText-1="Table 3. Tabular key to species of Synonchium Cobb, 1920." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C311654891331E04FF5F8A5CFAA5E64A" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BB436C391331E05FF5F8A5CFEB6E055" blockId="8.[189,310,1881,1907]" box="[189,310,1881,1907]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="D0FC81AF91331E05FF5F8A5CFEB6E055" bold="true" box="[189,310,1881,1907]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAD191331E05FF5F8A5CFEB6E055" bold="true" box="[189,310,1881,1907]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB436C391331E04FF5F8A8CFAA5E64A" blockId="8.[189,1399,1929,2027]" lastBlockId="9.[189,1399,267,364]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Body cylindrical, length 2270–2760 μm. Labial and cephalic sensilla papillate. Anterior buccal cavity reduced, surrounded by 12 rhabdia, posterior buccal cavity with three mandibles each composed of one large tooth flanked by three smaller teeth on both sides. Amphideal fovea flattened multispiral, in about three turns. Pharynx largely cylindrical with slight anterior swelling but not forming a bulb. Two opposed testes, sperm globular to oval. Two spicules sclerotized and almost straight, 55–60 μm long. Two reflexed ovaries. Three caudal glands with spinneret. Tail bluntly rounded, with a protuberant caudal duct.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C311654891321E04FF5F8C91FB5BE6D9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BB436C391321E04FF5F8C91FEC4E688" blockId="9.[189,1399,404,512]" box="[189,324,404,430]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<heading id="D0FC81AF91321E04FF5F8C91FEC4E688" bold="true" box="[189,324,404,430]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAD191321E04FF5F8C91FEC4E688" bold="true" box="[189,324,404,430]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Etymology</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB436C391321E04FF5F8CC7FB5BE6D9" blockId="9.[189,1399,404,512]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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The specific epithet is a composite of the Latin noun ‘
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<emphasis id="B97FEAD191321E04FCCA8CC7FCF0E6FA" box="[808,880,450,476]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">cauda</emphasis>
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’ (tail) and the Latin adjective ‘
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<emphasis id="B97FEAD191321E04FB368CC7FAAAE6FA" box="[1236,1322,450,476]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">tubatus</emphasis>
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’ (with tube), referring to the presence of a protuberant caudal duct, a main feature of the species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C311654891321E04FF5F8F22FC82E48F" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB436C391321E04FF5F8F22FE2AE567" blockId="9.[189,426,551,577]" box="[189,426,551,577]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<heading id="D0FC81AF91321E04FF5F8F22FE2AE567" bold="true" box="[189,426,551,577]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAD191321E04FF5F8F22FE2AE567" bold="true" box="[189,426,551,577]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Material examined</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB436C391321E04FF088F53FC8BE5DB" blockId="9.[189,1399,598,765]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<materialsCitation id="3B633C9E91321E04FF088F53FC87E5DB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1819188967" collectedFrom="intertidal sandy sediment, temperature 22 ° C, salinity at 28 psu during sampling, median particle diameter of sediment about 612 μm (coarse sand), sediment organic matter content about 2.5 %" collectingDate="2014-05" collectionCode="MBMCAS" collectorName="Benze Shi & Kuidong Xu" country="China" latitude="27.462667" location="Dasha'ao Beach" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="121.058" municipality="Nanji Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="MBMCAS NJ-20140513-105" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAD191321E04FF088F53FEDCE556" bold="true" box="[234,348,598,624]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<typeStatus id="54B0886191321E04FF088F53FEDCE556" box="[234,348,598,624]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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EAST
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<collectingCountry id="F31C765391321E04FEEF8F7CFEE8E5B5" box="[269,360,633,659]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">CHINA</collectingCountry>
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SEA:
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<specimenCount id="9D0DFD4A91321E04FE548F7CFE4DE5B5" box="[438,461,633,659]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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||
,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BD0ACB991321E04FE388F7CFDF8E5B5" box="[474,632,633,659]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nanji Islands</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location id="8ED4601891321E04FD668F7CFCC6E5B5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A287D591331E07FDA38BCAFCDCE1BF:8ED4601891321E04FD668F7CFCC6E5B5" box="[644,838,633,659]" country="China" latitude="27.462667" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="121.058" municipality="Nanji Islands" name="Dasha'ao Beach" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Dasha’ao Beach</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3F500491321E04FCB08F72FC62E5B5" box="[850,994,631,659]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="9" value="27.462667">27°27.76′ N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F500491321E04FC0C8F72FBFAE5B5" box="[1006,1146,631,659]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="9" value="121.058">121°3.48′ E</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<collectingDate id="EFF1E9EB91321E04FB658F7CFA81E5B5" box="[1159,1281,633,659]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2014-05">
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||
<date id="FFB5100391321E04FB658F7CFA81E5B5" box="[1159,1281,633,659]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2014-05">May 2014</date>
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||
</collectingDate>
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||
,
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||
<collectedFrom id="3817753E91321E04FAEE8F7CFB34E5FC" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">intertidal sandy sediment, temperature 22°C, salinity at 28 psu during sampling, median particle diameter of sediment about 612 μm (coarse sand), sediment organic matter content about 2.5%</collectedFrom>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName id="26FE531591321E04FB268FC5FAC1E5FF" box="[1220,1345,703,730]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Benze Shi</collectorName>
|
||
and
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||
<collectorName id="26FE531591321E04FF5F8FE7FED0E5DB" box="[189,336,738,765]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Kuidong Xu</collectorName>
|
||
leg. (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAD9EB891321E04FE718FE6FD7FE5DB" box="[403,767,738,765]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MBMCAS NJ-20140513-105</specimenCode>
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||
)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BB436C391321E04FF088E21FEE7E418" blockId="9.[189,1399,804,937]" box="[234,359,804,830]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD191321E04FF088E21FEE7E418" bold="true" box="[234,359,804,830]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Paratypes</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB436C391321E04FF5F8E42FC82E48F" blockId="9.[189,1399,804,937]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633C9E91321E04FF5F8E42FC82E48F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1819188969" collectedFrom="intertidal sandy sediment, temperature 22 ° C, salinity at 28 psu during sampling, median particle diameter of sediment about 612 μm (coarse sand), sediment organic matter content about 2.5 %" collectingDate="2014-05" collectionCode="MBMCAS" collectorName="Benze Shi & Kuidong Xu" country="China" latitude="27.462667" location="Dasha'ao Beach" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="121.058" municipality="Nanji Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="MBMCAS NJ-20140513-9, MBMCAS NJ-20140513-30, MBMCAS NJ-20140513-73, MBMCAS NJ-20140513-83, MBMCAS NJ-20140513-84" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="4" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
EAST
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<collectingCountry id="F31C765391321E04FEED8E42FEEAE447" box="[271,362,839,865]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">CHINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
SEA:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD4A91321E04FE5F8E42FD83E444" box="[445,515,839,866]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">4 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD4A91321E04FDF08E42FDD8E444" box="[530,600,839,866]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">5 ♀♀</specimenCount>
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||
, same collecting data as for holotype (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAD9EB891321E04FBC98E42FAF2E444" box="[1067,1394,839,866]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MBMCAS NJ-20140513-9</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAD9EB891321E04FF5F8E6EFD94E4A3" box="[189,532,874,901]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MBMCAS NJ-20140513-30</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAD9EB891321E04FDC78E6EFCFDE4A3" box="[549,893,874,901]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MBMCAS NJ-20140513-73</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAD9EB891321E04FC6F8E6EFB65E4A3" box="[909,1253,874,901]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MBMCAS NJ-20140513-83</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAD9EB891321E04FB148E6EFE07E48F" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MBMCAS NJ-20140513-84</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD4A91321E04FE708E8BFD75E48F" box="[402,757,910,937]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="generic">MBMCAS NJ-20140513-105</specimenCount>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C311654891321E04FF5F8ECAFAF7E012" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB436C391321E04FF5F8ECAFECEE4CF" blockId="9.[189,334,975,1001]" box="[189,334,975,1001]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<heading id="D0FC81AF91321E04FF5F8ECAFECEE4CF" bold="true" box="[189,334,975,1001]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD191321E04FF5F8ECAFECEE4CF" bold="true" box="[189,334,975,1001]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB436C391321E04FF5F8EFBFD8AE33E" blockId="9.[189,522,1022,1048]" box="[189,522,1022,1048]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
MEASUREMENTS. See
|
||
<tableCitation id="C689037891321E04FE4E8EFBFD8AE33E" box="[428,522,1022,1048]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[189,258,268,294]" captionText="Table 2. Morphometrics (measurements in μm) of Synonchium caudatubatum sp. nov. Figures between brackets represent mean values." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Table 2.</tableCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB436C391321E04FF5F8945FE3EE2FB" blockId="9.[189,1399,1087,1501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
BODY. Cylindrical. Anterior end of head almost truncate. Labial region with 12 lobes and six pairs of thin, membrane-like cuticle extensions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A4691321E04FD798966FCA0E35B" box="[667,800,1122,1149]" captionStart="Fig. 5" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1650,1676]" captionTargetBox="[287,1298,269,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[283,1303,263,1622]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Synonchium caudatubatum sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (A, C–F) and a paratype, ♀ (B). A. Overview, showing the slightly slender body shape, the broad anterior buccal cavity and the narrow posterior buccalcavity with threemandibles, thecylindrical pharynx with anterior end swelling, the two opposed testes with oval sperm cells, the almost straight spicules without gubernaculum, the caudal glands with spinneret, and the bluntly rounded tail with a protuberant caudal duct. B. Overview, showing same structures as male holotype except the two reflexed ovaries. C. Eachmandible has a large tooth flanked by three small teeth to each side. D–E. Head, showing the papillate sensilla, transverse oval amphideal fovea, transverse rows of punctuations, lateral cuticle pores, the broad anterior buccal cavity and the narrowposteriorbuccalcavitywiththreemandibles.F.Tail,showingthealmoststraightspiculeswithout gubernaculum, the three caudal glands with spinneret, and the bluntly rounded tail with protuberant caudal duct. Scale bars:A–B, D–F = 50 μm, C = 50 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1181155/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 5D–E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A4691321E04FCCC8966FCD6E358" box="[814,854,1123,1150]" captionStart="Fig. 6" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1824,1850]" captionTargetBox="[205,1379,266,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[205,1379,266,1784]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 6. Synonchium caudatubatum sp. nov. holotype, ♂ (A–C) and a paratype, ♂ (D). A–B. Head, showing the papillate sensilla, transverse ovalamphideal fovea, transverse rows of punctuations, lateral cuticle pores, the broad anterior buccal cavity and narrow posterior buccal cavity with three mandibles each with seven teeth, and the swelling anterior end of pharynx. C. Tail, showing the almost straight spiculeswithoutgubernaculum,andthebluntlyroundedtailwithaprotuberantcaudalduct.D.Overview, showing the slightly slender body. Scale bars:A–C = 30 µm, D = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1181159/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Six inner labial papillae minute and conical situated on the lips, six outer labial papillae and four cephalic papillae large and conical. Cuticle thick and distinctly annulated, with lateral pores; each annule with a transverse row of punctations, without lateral differentiation. Amphideal fovea multispiral in about three turns, transverse oval-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A4691321E04FB3789C9FAB7E3C1" box="[1237,1335,1228,1255]" captionStart="Fig. 5" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1650,1676]" captionTargetBox="[287,1298,269,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[283,1303,263,1622]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Synonchium caudatubatum sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (A, C–F) and a paratype, ♀ (B). A. Overview, showing the slightly slender body shape, the broad anterior buccal cavity and the narrow posterior buccalcavity with threemandibles, thecylindrical pharynx with anterior end swelling, the two opposed testes with oval sperm cells, the almost straight spicules without gubernaculum, the caudal glands with spinneret, and the bluntly rounded tail with a protuberant caudal duct. B. Overview, showing same structures as male holotype except the two reflexed ovaries. C. Eachmandible has a large tooth flanked by three small teeth to each side. D–E. Head, showing the papillate sensilla, transverse oval amphideal fovea, transverse rows of punctuations, lateral cuticle pores, the broad anterior buccal cavity and the narrowposteriorbuccalcavitywiththreemandibles.F.Tail,showingthealmoststraightspiculeswithout gubernaculum, the three caudal glands with spinneret, and the bluntly rounded tail with protuberant caudal duct. Scale bars:A–B, D–F = 50 μm, C = 50 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1181155/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A4691321E04FAA189C9FAE8E3C1" box="[1347,1384,1228,1255]" captionStart="Fig. 6" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1824,1850]" captionTargetBox="[205,1379,266,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[205,1379,266,1784]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 6. Synonchium caudatubatum sp. nov. holotype, ♂ (A–C) and a paratype, ♂ (D). A–B. Head, showing the papillate sensilla, transverse ovalamphideal fovea, transverse rows of punctuations, lateral cuticle pores, the broad anterior buccal cavity and narrow posterior buccal cavity with three mandibles each with seven teeth, and the swelling anterior end of pharynx. C. Tail, showing the almost straight spiculeswithoutgubernaculum,andthebluntlyroundedtailwithaprotuberantcaudalduct.D.Overview, showing the slightly slender body. Scale bars:A–C = 30 µm, D = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1181159/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">6B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Buccal cavity in two compartments: anterior one with 12 cuticularized rhabdia; posterior one surrounded by pharyngeal tissue, with three mandibles each bearing a large tooth flanked by three smaller teeth to each side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A4691321E04FED48833FE0FE277" box="[310,399,1334,1361]" captionStart="Fig. 5" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1650,1676]" captionTargetBox="[287,1298,269,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[283,1303,263,1622]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Synonchium caudatubatum sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (A, C–F) and a paratype, ♀ (B). A. Overview, showing the slightly slender body shape, the broad anterior buccal cavity and the narrow posterior buccalcavity with threemandibles, thecylindrical pharynx with anterior end swelling, the two opposed testes with oval sperm cells, the almost straight spicules without gubernaculum, the caudal glands with spinneret, and the bluntly rounded tail with a protuberant caudal duct. B. Overview, showing same structures as male holotype except the two reflexed ovaries. C. Eachmandible has a large tooth flanked by three small teeth to each side. D–E. Head, showing the papillate sensilla, transverse oval amphideal fovea, transverse rows of punctuations, lateral cuticle pores, the broad anterior buccal cavity and the narrowposteriorbuccalcavitywiththreemandibles.F.Tail,showingthealmoststraightspiculeswithout gubernaculum, the three caudal glands with spinneret, and the bluntly rounded tail with protuberant caudal duct. Scale bars:A–B, D–F = 50 μm, C = 50 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1181155/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pharynx cylindrical, with anterior end swollen. Nerve ring surrounding pharynx near its middle portion. Cardia flattened. Intestine cells large, filled with numerous small granules. Intestine lumen of irregular and variable appearance, containing remnants such as spicules and mandibles of prey nematodes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A4691321E04FE6488A5FE63E29C" box="[390,483,1440,1466]" captionStart="Fig. 7" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,658,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[189,1399,658,1850]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 7. Synonchium caudatubatum sp. nov., paratypes, ♀♀. A–B. Head, showing the same structures as male holotype. C. Spicules (arrow) of prey nematodes left in the intestine. D. Tail, showing the caudal glandswith spinneretandthe bluntlyrounded tail witha protuberantcaudalduct.E. Overview, showing the slightly slender body shape and two opposed testes. Scale bars:A–D = 50 µm, E = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1181163/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Three caudal glands with spinneret. Tail bluntly rounded, with a protuberant caudal duct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A4691321E04FEB188C6FE30E2FB" box="[339,432,1475,1501]" captionStart="Fig. 7" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,658,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[189,1399,658,1850]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 7. Synonchium caudatubatum sp. nov., paratypes, ♀♀. A–B. Head, showing the same structures as male holotype. C. Spicules (arrow) of prey nematodes left in the intestine. D. Tail, showing the caudal glandswith spinneretandthe bluntlyrounded tail witha protuberantcaudalduct.E. Overview, showing the slightly slender body shape and two opposed testes. Scale bars:A–D = 50 µm, E = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1181163/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB436C391321E04FF088B00FEAAE139" blockId="9.[189,1399,1541,1708]" box="[234,298,1541,1567]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD191321E04FF088B00FEAAE139" bold="true" box="[234,298,1541,1567]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Male</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB436C391321E04FF5F8B2CFE1EE18A" blockId="9.[189,1399,1541,1708]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Two opposed testes short and broad, with anterior one slightly larger than posterior one, situated ventrally left to the intestine. Sperm cells globular to oval. Spicules sclerotized, almost straight, with proximal end weakly cephalated, distal end pointed and slightly bent ventrally. Gubernaculum and precloacal supplement absent.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB436C391321E04FF088BD1FEC5E1C8" blockId="9.[189,1399,1748,1845]" box="[234,325,1748,1774]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD191321E04FF088BD1FEC5E1C8" bold="true" box="[234,325,1748,1774]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Female</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB436C391321E04FF5F8BF2FAF7E012" blockId="9.[189,1399,1748,1845]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Similar to male except for reproductive system and sexual features. Two reflexed ovaries. Vulva a transverse slit in ventral view, located at posterior half of body (about 60%). Vagina short. Uterus broad.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C311654891321E07FF5F8A59FCDCE1BF" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB436C391321E04FF5F8A59FEAFE050" blockId="9.[189,303,1884,1910]" box="[189,303,1884,1910]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<heading id="D0FC81AF91321E04FF5F8A59FEAFE050" bold="true" box="[189,303,1884,1910]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD191321E04FF5F8A59FEAFE050" bold="true" box="[189,303,1884,1910]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB436C391321E07FF5F8A8FFCDCE1BF" blockId="9.[189,1399,1930,2027]" lastBlockId="10.[189,1399,1523,1690]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D4091321E04FF5F8A8FFE5EE082" authority="Cobb, 1920" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[189,478,1930,1956]" class="Chromadorea" family="Selachinematidae" genus="Synonchium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromadorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD191321E04FF5F8A8FFECCE082" box="[189,332,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Synonchium</emphasis>
|
||
Cobb, 1920
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by the posterior buccal cavity equipped with three mandibles each composed of a large tooth flanked by several teeth and transverse oval-shaped multispiral amphideal fovea. The genus now contains nine valid species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B3291321E04FCF98AD4FB9BE0CD" author="Heyns J. & Swart A." box="[795,1051,2000,2027]" journalOrPublisher="Fundamental & Applied Nematology" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="523 - 529" part="18" refId="ref3696" refString="Heyns J. & Swart A. 1995. Synonchium capense n. sp. from South Africa (Nematoda: Cyatholaimidae). Fundamental & Applied Nematology 18 (6): 523 - 529." title="Synonchium capense n. sp. from South Africa (Nematoda: Cyatholaimidae)" type="journal article" year="1995">Heyns & Swart 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B3291321E04FBCA8AD4FAF2E0CD" author="Vinciguerra M. T. & Orselli L." box="[1064,1394,2001,2027]" journalOrPublisher="Nematologia Mediterranea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="261 – 270" part="25" publicationUrl="http://www.inaav.ba.cnr.it/vol25-2,%201997/vol25-2r.pdf" refId="ref4325" refString="Vinciguerra M. T. & Orselli L. 1997. Nematodes from Italian sand dunes. 2. Four new and a rare species of Chromadoria. Nematologia Mediterranea 25: 261 - 270. Available from http: // www. inaav. ba. cnr. it /vol 25 - 2, % 201997 / vol 25 - 2 r. pdf [accesed 16 Jan. 2018]." title="Nematodes from Italian sand dunes. 2. Four new and a rare species of Chromadoria" type="journal article" year="1997">Vinciguerra & Orselli 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B3291311E07FF5F88F6FE23E12B" author="Kamran M. & Nasira K. & Shahina F." box="[189,419,1523,1549]" journalOrPublisher="Pakistan Journal of Nematology" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="129 - 144" part="27" refId="ref3758" refString="Kamran M., Nasira K. & Shahina F. 2009. Three new species of the genus Synonchium Cobb, 1920 (Chromadorida: Selachinematidae) from mangrove areas of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Nematology 27 (2): 129 - 144." title="Three new species of the genus Synonchium Cobb, 1920 (Chromadorida: Selachinematidae) from mangrove areas of Pakistan" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Kamran
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD191311E07FEC088F1FEDDE12B" box="[290,349,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D4091311E07FE5488F6FD74E12B" authority="Shi, 2018" authorityName="Shi" authorityYear="2018" box="[438,756,1523,1549]" class="Chromadorea" family="Selachinematidae" genus="Synonchium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromadorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="caudatubatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD191311E07FE5488F6FD74E12B" box="[438,756,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Synonchium caudatubatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24C57AA91311E07FD1988F6FCD5E12B" box="[763,853,1523,1549]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is unique in the genus by having a protuberant caudal duct in the tail end. The new species also differs from congeners by its mandibles, each with seven teeth, while all other known members have either three or five teeth (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C689037891311E07FC2F8B3CFBA5E175" box="[973,1061,1593,1619]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="11.[145,214,709,735]" captionText="Table 3. Tabular key to species of Synonchium Cobb, 1920." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D4091311E07FBD88B3CFAF7E175" authority="Shi, 2018" authorityName="Shi" authorityYear="2018" box="[1082,1399,1593,1619]" class="Chromadorea" family="Selachinematidae" genus="Synonchium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromadorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="caudatubatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD191311E07FBD88B3CFAF7E175" box="[1082,1399,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Synonchium caudatubatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24C57AA91311E07FF5F8B58FE9AE151" box="[189,282,1629,1655]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
lacks a gubernaculum and a precloacal supplement; both features occur in congeners except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D4091311E07FF5F8B85FD87E1BC" authority="Gerlach, 1954" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1954" box="[189,519,1663,1690]" class="Chromadorea" family="Selachinematidae" genus="Synonchium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromadorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="depressum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAD191311E07FF5F8B85FED6E1BC" box="[189,342,1664,1690]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. depressum</emphasis>
|
||
Gerlach, 1954
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species with a conical tail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |