462 lines
58 KiB
XML
462 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1186/s12862-021-01930-6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b2e4e166-7297-45a5-82eb-84937eb7233a" ID-PMC="PMC8607574" ID-PubMed="34809578" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5733385" approvalRequired="2" approvalRequired_for_bibRefs="1" approvalRequired_for_document="1" checkinTime="1638127672024" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Batelka, Jan & Prokop, Jakub" docDate="2021" docId="03A287CCD65BC7754323FE13FC1B4C69" docLanguage="en" docName="BMCEcolEvol.21.207.pdf" docOrigin="BMC Ecology and Evolution (207) 21 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-021-01930-6" docTitle="Melanosiagon serraticornis Batelka & Prokop 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="FF9BFFB4D659C7704061FF9EFFDC492D" masterDocTitle="The earliest beetle with mouthparts specialized for feeding on nectar is a parasitoid of mid-Cretaceous Hymenoptera" masterLastPageNumber="12" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1668126621494" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The earliest beetle with mouthparts specialized for feeding on nectar is a parasitoid of mid-Cretaceous Hymenoptera</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Batelka, Jan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, ViniČná 7, 128 00 Praha 2, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">janbat@centrum.cz</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Prokop, Jakub</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, ViniČná 7, 128 00 Praha 2, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>BMC Ecology and Evolution</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="series">
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<mods:title>207</mods:title>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-11-22</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>21</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>12</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-021-01930-6</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1186/s12862-021-01930-6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b2e4e166-7297-45a5-82eb-84937eb7233a</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="PMC">PMC8607574</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="PubMed">34809578</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5733385</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5733253" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190873521" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5733253" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A287CCD65BC7754323FE13FC1B4C69" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A287CCD65BC7754323FE13FC1B4C69" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection box="[834,1215,397,421]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[813,1437,237,1893]" box="[834,1215,397,421]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName authority="Batelka & Prokop, 2021" authorityName="Batelka & Prokop" authorityYear="2021" box="[834,1126,397,421]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Melanosiagon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serraticornis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[834,1126,397,421]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Melanosiagonserraticornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1132,1215,398,421]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[813,1437,237,1893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis box="[834,947,429,453]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Etymology</emphasis>
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. Tis species epithet refers to the characteristic shape of antennomeres III–X. Tis species name is registered under ZooBank LSID urn:lsid:zoobank. org:act:9D3499A6-664B-4073-A550-32F96AE5C1B7.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[813,1437,237,1893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis box="[834,937,557,581]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3412504301" country="Myanmar" location="Hukawng Valley" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCode="PrFUK056" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kachin" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus box="[946,1050,557,581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode box="[1063,1178,557,581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">PřFUK056</specimenCode>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[1195,1268,557,581]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[168,199,1466,1486]" captionTargetBox="[152,1438,237,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-117@3.[228,1362,253,1454]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1 Melanosiagon serraticornis gen. et sp. nov. (Ripiphoridae:Ripiphorinae), female, mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (PřFUK No. 056). A Habitus from dorsolateral view. B Hindwing apices with secondary “ghost” branches.C Antennae with triangular projections on flagellomeres. D Detail of elytron viewed under green fluorescence. E Detail of pronotal disc viewed under fluorescence. F Prothoracic tarsus with five tarsomeres and pretarsal claws. G Detail of three distal mesothoracic tarsomeres and serrate pretarsal claws. H Mesothoracic tarsomere with erect stiff spiniform setae viewed under green fluorescence. I Distal metathoracic tarsomeres and serrate pretarsal claws.el elytron, ml medium lobe of pronotal disc,pe posterior edge of pronotal disc. Scale bars 100 µm (A), 50 µm (B), 10 µm (C, F, G, H, I), not in scale (D, E)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5733387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5733387/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[1284,1297,557,581]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[169,200,1227,1247]" captionTargetBox="[152,1437,237,1312]" captionTargetId="figure-279@4.[228,1362,253,1214]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2 Melanosiagon serraticornis gen. et sp. nov., micrographs of head with mouthparts and pronotal disc (PřFUK No. 056). A, B Mouthparts with elongated galea.C Detail of pronotal disc. gm galeomere, lbp labial palpus, lg ligula, lmxp left maxillary palpus, md mandible, ml medium lobe of pronotal disc,pe posterior edge of pronotal disc, rmxp right maxillary palpus. Scale bars 10 µm (A, B), 50 µm (C)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5733389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5733389/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">2</figureCitation>
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); lowermost Cenomanian;
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<collectingCountry box="[971,1078,590,614]" name="Myanmar" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[1094,1173,589,613]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Kachin</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A287CCD65BC7754323FE13FC1B4C69:8ED46001D65BC77244C4FDD3FA834B48" box="[1189,1375,589,613]" country="Myanmar" name="Hukawng Valley" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="Kachin">Hukawng Valley</location>
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; preserved in a polished, transparent yellow piece of amber (14.4 × 10.1 ×
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<quantity box="[966,1073,653,677]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="0.53">0.53 mm</quantity>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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Almost completely preserved female except for four distal pro- and mesotarsomeres and distal half of antennomere XI on the right side (lost during preparation and polishing of the amber). Overall body, especially head capsule and pronotal disc show signs of desiccation of the cuticle and apices of projections on antennomeres VI, VII and XI of the left antenna were broken-off and lost before the body was entrapped in resin.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[813,1437,237,1893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis box="[834,959,942,965]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description</emphasis>
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. Female. Body dull, black. Head capsule, orthognathous, compressed antero-posteriorly; eyes small, lenticular, prominent in lateral view; vertex transversely planar, slightly elevated above anterior margin of pronotal disc; antennae serrate, inserted in front of eyes; scapus about 2 × as long as pedicel, subcylindrical and slightly curved; pedicel short, about 2 × as long as wide, slightly narrower than scapus; antennomeres III–X distinctly serrate, flattened dorso-ventrally; projections triangular with more or less rounded apices; surface of antennomeres III–XI covered with sparse semi erect sensilla; antennomeres XI similar to preceding ones, albeit not completely preserved;?labrum dorsally covered by erect setae, mandibles sickle-shaped, ventrally directed, with row of erect setae on their outer lateral edge; labial palpi slightly extending beyond the ligula with terminal palpomere fusiform, apices covered by erect setae; ligula in form of two lobes densely covered by bristles; maxillary palpi 4-segmented; palpomere Inot fully discernible, palpomere II longest and widest at apex; palpomere III and IV equal in length; palpomere IV with acute apex; galea distinctly prolonged with surface microstructures probably microtrichia.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[813,1437,237,1893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Pronotum convex, long, widest at base, distinctly narrower towards apex, covered with sparse semi erect setae; posterior margin of pronotum trilobate; median lobe with shallowly convex ridge reaching from base to 2/3 along length of pronotal disc; elevated process at base of median lobe absent; ventral part of prothorax dark and poorly visible.</paragraph>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5733387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5733387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5733387/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[168,199,1466,1486]" targetBox="[152,1438,237,1631]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[168,1414,1466,1620]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[168,219,1466,1486]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Batelka & Prokop, 2021" authorityName="Batelka & Prokop" authorityYear="2021" box="[229,448,1466,1486]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Melanosiagon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serraticornis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[229,448,1466,1486]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Melanosiagon serraticornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[452,581,1466,1486]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Laporte" authorityYear="1840" box="[588,700,1466,1486]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ripiphoridae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Laporte" authorityYear="1840" box="[706,817,1466,1486]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ripiphorinae">Ripiphorinae</taxonomicName>
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), female, mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (PřFUK No. 056).
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1314,1328,1466,1486]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A</emphasis>
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Habitus from dorsolateral view.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[366,378,1493,1513]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">B</emphasis>
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Hindwing apices with secondary “ghost” branches.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,826,1493,1513]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C</emphasis>
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Antennae with triangular projections on flagellomeres.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1299,1314,1493,1513]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">D</emphasis>
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Detail of elytron viewed under green fluorescence.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[547,558,1520,1540]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E</emphasis>
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Detail of pronotal disc viewed under fluorescence.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[993,1004,1520,1540]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">F</emphasis>
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Prothoracic tarsus with five tarsomeres and pretarsal claws.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[301,315,1546,1566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G</emphasis>
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Detail of three distal mesothoracic tarsomeres and serrate pretarsal claws.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[946,960,1546,1566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">H</emphasis>
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Mesothoracic tarsomere with erect stiff spiniform setae viewed under green fluorescence.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[511,517,1573,1593]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">I</emphasis>
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Distal metathoracic tarsomeres and serrate pretarsal claws.
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<emphasis box="[1021,1034,1573,1593]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">el</emphasis>
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elytron,
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<emphasis box="[1108,1129,1573,1593]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ml</emphasis>
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medium lobe of pronotal disc,
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<emphasis box="[1394,1414,1573,1593]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">pe</emphasis>
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posterior edge of pronotal disc. Scale bars 100 µm (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[603,617,1600,1620]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A</emphasis>
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), 50 µm (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[695,707,1600,1620]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">B</emphasis>
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), 10 µm (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[786,799,1600,1620]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[807,818,1600,1620]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">F</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[826,840,1600,1620]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[849,863,1600,1620]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">H</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[872,878,1600,1620]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">I</emphasis>
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), not in scale (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[998,1013,1600,1620]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">D</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1021,1032,1600,1620]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E</emphasis>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,775,1703,1887]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Meso- and metathorax wedge-shaped, only poorly visible ventrally; elytra convex from base to tip, dehiscent, blade-shaped, with sharp apices; surface covered with sparse, backward-leaning semi erect setae; outer borders of elytra nearly straight, inner borders of the last quarter curved outwards.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[813,1437,1703,1919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Hind wings dark brown, folded in resting position with asymmetrically overlapping apices, reaching well beyond apices of elytra; apical fields of vein RP with dense longitudinal secondary “ghost” branches.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[813,1437,1703,1919]" lastBlockId="4.[151,775,1369,1937]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Legs very long and slender; tarsal formula 5-5-4; pretarsal claws straight, with comb of five short teeth and one longer apical curved tooth; prothoracic legs quite different from meso- and metathoracic legs; claws on pretarsus almost as long as protarsomere V, claws on meso- and metatarsomeres much shorter than respective ultimate tarsomere; each leg with two tibial spurs; tibial spurs short on protibia, long on meso- and metatibia; protarsomeres without distinct apical setal fringe, meso- and metatarsomeres with distinct apical setal fringe except on last tarsomere; protibia and protarsomeres covered with fine setae; meso- and metatibia covered with dense fine setae and sparse longer spiniform setae; meso- and metatarsomeres covered dorsally with fine and dense short setae, but ventrally they are covered with sparse and longer spiniform setae.</paragraph>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5733389" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5733389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5733389/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[169,200,1227,1247]" targetBox="[152,1437,237,1312]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[168,1391,1227,1300]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[169,220,1227,1247]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Batelka & Prokop, 2021" authorityName="Batelka & Prokop" authorityYear="2021" box="[229,448,1227,1247]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Melanosiagon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serraticornis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[229,448,1227,1247]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Melanosiagon serraticornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[452,582,1227,1247]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, micrographs of head with mouthparts and pronotal disc (PřFUK No. 056).
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1209,1223,1227,1247]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1231,1243,1227,1247]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
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Mouthparts with elongated galea.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[314,327,1254,1274]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
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Detail of pronotal disc.
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<emphasis box="[527,555,1254,1274]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">gm</emphasis>
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galeomere,
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<emphasis box="[659,685,1254,1274]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">lbp</emphasis>
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labial palpus,
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<emphasis box="[804,819,1254,1274]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">lg</emphasis>
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ligula,
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<emphasis box="[878,919,1254,1274]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">lmxp</emphasis>
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left maxillary palpus,
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<emphasis box="[1101,1129,1254,1274]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">md</emphasis>
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mandible,
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<emphasis box="[1223,1244,1254,1274]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ml</emphasis>
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medium lobe of pronotal disc,
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<emphasis box="[287,307,1280,1300]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">pe</emphasis>
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posterior edge of pronotal disc,
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<emphasis box="[582,624,1280,1300]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">rmxp</emphasis>
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right maxillary palpus. Scale bars 10 µm (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[974,988,1280,1300]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[996,1008,1280,1300]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
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), 50 µm (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1087,1100,1280,1300]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[151,775,1369,1937]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Abdomen short with 5 visible segments (sternites III– VII), much shorter than elytra, laterally compressed; abdominal segments tapering posteriorly, each partially the overlapping succeeding one; sternite VII almost acute at apex.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[813,1437,1369,1521]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis box="[834,992,1370,1393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Measurements</emphasis>
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||
. Total body length as preserved approx. 430 µm; length of antennae approx. 150 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[813,1437,1369,1521]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis box="[834,928,1433,1457]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Batelka & Prokop, 2021" authorityName="Batelka & Prokop" authorityYear="2021" box="[942,1236,1433,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Melanosiagon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serraticornis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[942,1236,1433,1457]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Melanosiagonserraticornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1245,1411,1434,1458]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is easily distinguishable from other
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Laporte" authorityYear="1840" box="[1176,1318,1465,1489]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ripiphoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following combination of characters:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[834,1437,1563,1907]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
1) Head compressed antero-posteriorly with vertex transversely planar and not elevated. Tis character is present only in some
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heyden" authorityYear="1908" box="[1189,1359,1627,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Macrosiagonini">Macrosiagonini</taxonomicName>
|
||
: genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Dejean, 1833" authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1833" box="[866,1113,1659,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Metoecus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[866,966,1659,1682]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Metoecus</emphasis>
|
||
Dejean, 1833
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[1167,1384,1659,1682]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1167,1304,1659,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Macrosiagon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Macrosiagon</taxonomicName>
|
||
vittata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
species group sensu Falin [
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Falin ZH" box="[1116,1142,1691,1715]" journalOrPublisher="Coleopterists Bull." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 19" part="58" refId="ref9907" refString="29. Falin ZH. Revision of three New World Macrosiagon Hentz species (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae: Ripiphorinae) with a discussion of phylogenetic relationships within the Macrosiagonini. Coleopterists Bull. 2004; 58: 1 - 19." title="Revision of three New World Macrosiagon Hentz species (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae: Ripiphorinae) with a discussion of phylogenetic relationships within the Macrosiagonini" type="journal article" year="2004">29</bibRefCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[834,1437,1563,1907]" lastBlockId="5.[173,775,235,1923]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
2) Tibial spur formula 2-2-2. Complete spur formula is preserved only in basal
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1126,1272,1755,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ptilophorinae">Ptilophorinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(all genera), in
|
||
<emphasis box="[866,1000,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ivierhipidius</emphasis>
|
||
[
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Barclay MVL" box="[1019,1045,1787,1811]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomol Mus Nat Pragae." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="691 - 701" part="55" refId="ref9948" refString="30. Barclay MVL. Ivierhipidius, an enigmatic new Neotropical genus of Ripiphoridae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) with four new species. Acta Entomol Mus Nat Pragae. 2015; 55: 691 - 701." title="Ivierhipidius, an enigmatic new Neotropical genus of Ripiphoridae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) with four new species" type="journal article" year="2015">30</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] (a highly derived genus of uncertain placement [
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Barclay MVL" box="[1053,1079,1819,1843]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomol Mus Nat Pragae." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="691 - 701" part="55" refId="ref9948" refString="30. Barclay MVL. Ivierhipidius, an enigmatic new Neotropical genus of Ripiphoridae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) with four new species. Acta Entomol Mus Nat Pragae. 2015; 55: 691 - 701." title="Ivierhipidius, an enigmatic new Neotropical genus of Ripiphoridae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) with four new species" type="journal article" year="2015">30</bibRefCitation>
|
||
], in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Laporte" authorityYear="1840" box="[1140,1279,1819,1843]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ripiphorinae">Ripiphorinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Bosc, 1791" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1791" box="[866,1108,1851,1875]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Ripiphorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[866,982,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ripiphorus</emphasis>
|
||
Bosc, 1791
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[1165,1382,1851,1874]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1165,1302,1851,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Macrosiagon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Macrosiagon</taxonomicName>
|
||
vittata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
species group, and in most New Zealand
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seidlitz" authorityYear="1875" box="[1280,1437,1883,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pelecotominae">Pelecotominae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(whereas in most of the genera of this subfamily and in all
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1921" box="[267,443,267,291]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hemirhipidiinae">Hemirhipidiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
there is a strong tendency for fewer tibial spurs on all legs [
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Batelka J." box="[514,540,299,323]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomol Mus Nat Pragae." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="239 - 45" part="49" refId="ref9986" refString="31. Batelka J. Clinopalpus hanae, a new genus and species of ripiphorid beetle from Malaysia (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae: Pelecotominae). Acta Entomol Mus Nat Pragae. 2009; 49: 239 - 45." title="Clinopalpus hanae, a new genus and species of ripiphorid beetle from Malaysia (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae: Pelecotominae)" type="journal article" year="2009">31</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Engel MS & Falin ZH & Batelka J." box="[552,578,299,323]" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="59 - 84" part="857" refId="ref10026" refString="32. Engel MS, Falin ZH, Batelka J. A new genus of Pelecotominae from Mexico, with notes on the genera Clinops and Scotoscopus and the description of new species (Coleoptera, Ripiphoridae). ZooKeys. 2019; 857: 59 - 84." title="A new genus of Pelecotominae from Mexico, with notes on the genera Clinops and Scotoscopus and the description of new species (Coleoptera, Ripiphoridae)" type="journal article" year="2019">32</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[173,775,235,1923]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
3) Antennomeres III–X with distinct triangular projections. Serrate or pectinate antennae are common in females of most
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Laporte" authorityYear="1840" box="[385,524,395,419]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ripiphoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(with some exceptions at the species level). However, in the
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[638,775,428,451]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Macrosiagon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Macrosiagon</taxonomicName>
|
||
vittata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
species group (see above paragraphs 1 and 2) antennal projections are thread-like, as in males of the
|
||
<emphasis box="[245,473,523,547]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[245,382,524,547]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Macrosiagon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Macrosiagon</taxonomicName>
|
||
limbata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
species group sensu Batelka [
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Batelka J." box="[213,239,555,579]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomol Mus Nat Pragae." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="587 - 626" part="51" refId="ref10075" refString="33. Batelka J. Contribution to the synonymies, distributions, and bionomics of the Old World species of Macrosiagon (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae). Acta Entomol Mus Nat Pragae. 2011; 51: 587 - 626." title="Contribution to the synonymies, distributions, and bionomics of the Old World species of Macrosiagon (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae)" type="journal article" year="2011">33</bibRefCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[173,775,235,1923]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
4) Elytra convex, dehiscent and covering the whole abdomen. Complete but dehiscent elytra are typical for most of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heyden" authorityYear="1908" box="[378,547,651,675]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Macrosiagonini">Macrosiagonini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but they are usually flattened dorsally. Convex elytra are typical for species in the
|
||
<emphasis box="[328,559,715,739]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[328,465,716,739]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Macrosiagon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Macrosiagon</taxonomicName>
|
||
limbata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[617,689,716,739]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">vittata</emphasis>
|
||
species groups.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[173,775,235,1923]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
5) Apical fields on hind wings with dense longitudinal secondary “ghost” branches. Acharacter occurring only among
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Laporte" authorityYear="1840" box="[343,482,843,867]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ripiphoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[521,658,844,867]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Macrosiagon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[521,658,844,867]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Macrosiagon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g., [
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fedorenko DN" box="[735,761,843,867]" journalOrPublisher="Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 336" refId="ref9801" refString="27. Fedorenko DN. Evolution of the beetle hind wing, with special reference to folding (Insecta, Coleoptera). Golovatch SI. editor. Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow; 2009. 1 - 336." title="Evolution of the beetle hind wing, with special reference to folding (Insecta, Coleoptera). Golovatch SI. editor" type="book chapter" year="2009">27</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]: Fig. A139, [
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Falin ZH" box="[331,357,875,899]" journalOrPublisher="Coleopterists Bull." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 19" part="58" refId="ref9907" refString="29. Falin ZH. Revision of three New World Macrosiagon Hentz species (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae: Ripiphorinae) with a discussion of phylogenetic relationships within the Macrosiagonini. Coleopterists Bull. 2004; 58: 1 - 19." title="Revision of three New World Macrosiagon Hentz species (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae: Ripiphorinae) with a discussion of phylogenetic relationships within the Macrosiagonini" type="journal article" year="2004">29</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]:
|
||
<figureCitation box="[379,448,875,899]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[168,199,1466,1486]" captionTargetBox="[152,1438,237,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-117@3.[228,1362,253,1454]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1 Melanosiagon serraticornis gen. et sp. nov. (Ripiphoridae:Ripiphorinae), female, mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (PřFUK No. 056). A Habitus from dorsolateral view. B Hindwing apices with secondary “ghost” branches.C Antennae with triangular projections on flagellomeres. D Detail of elytron viewed under green fluorescence. E Detail of pronotal disc viewed under fluorescence. F Prothoracic tarsus with five tarsomeres and pretarsal claws. G Detail of three distal mesothoracic tarsomeres and serrate pretarsal claws. H Mesothoracic tarsomere with erect stiff spiniform setae viewed under green fluorescence. I Distal metathoracic tarsomeres and serrate pretarsal claws.el elytron, ml medium lobe of pronotal disc,pe posterior edge of pronotal disc. Scale bars 100 µm (A), 50 µm (B), 10 µm (C, F, G, H, I), not in scale (D, E)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5733387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5733387/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[463,477,875,899]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[169,200,1227,1247]" captionTargetBox="[152,1437,237,1312]" captionTargetId="figure-279@4.[228,1362,253,1214]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2 Melanosiagon serraticornis gen. et sp. nov., micrographs of head with mouthparts and pronotal disc (PřFUK No. 056). A, B Mouthparts with elongated galea.C Detail of pronotal disc. gm galeomere, lbp labial palpus, lg ligula, lmxp left maxillary palpus, md mandible, ml medium lobe of pronotal disc,pe posterior edge of pronotal disc, rmxp right maxillary palpus. Scale bars 10 µm (A, B), 50 µm (C)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5733389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5733389/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2</figureCitation>
|
||
) including the Eocene species
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Batelka, Collomb et Nel, 2006" authorityName="Batelka, Collomb et Nel" authorityYear="2006" box="[256,715,907,931]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Macrosiagon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deuvei">
|
||
<emphasis box="[256,280,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[297,366,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">deuvei</emphasis>
|
||
Batelka, Collomb et Nel, 2006
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Batelka J & Collomb FM & Nel A." box="[735,761,907,931]" journalOrPublisher="Ann Soc Entomol Fr." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="75 - 8" part="42" refId="ref9404" refString="18. Batelka J, Collomb FM, Nel A. Macrosiagon deuvei n. sp. (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae) from the French Eocene amber. Ann Soc Entomol Fr. 2006; 42: 75 - 8." title="Macrosiagon deuvei n. sp. (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae) from the French Eocene amber" type="journal article" year="2006">18</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]:
|
||
<figureCitation box="[205,269,939,963]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[168,199,1466,1486]" captionTargetBox="[152,1438,237,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-117@3.[228,1362,253,1454]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1 Melanosiagon serraticornis gen. et sp. nov. (Ripiphoridae:Ripiphorinae), female, mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (PřFUK No. 056). A Habitus from dorsolateral view. B Hindwing apices with secondary “ghost” branches.C Antennae with triangular projections on flagellomeres. D Detail of elytron viewed under green fluorescence. E Detail of pronotal disc viewed under fluorescence. F Prothoracic tarsus with five tarsomeres and pretarsal claws. G Detail of three distal mesothoracic tarsomeres and serrate pretarsal claws. H Mesothoracic tarsomere with erect stiff spiniform setae viewed under green fluorescence. I Distal metathoracic tarsomeres and serrate pretarsal claws.el elytron, ml medium lobe of pronotal disc,pe posterior edge of pronotal disc. Scale bars 100 µm (A), 50 µm (B), 10 µm (C, F, G, H, I), not in scale (D, E)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5733387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5733387/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
–3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[173,775,235,1923]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
6) Hind wings folded in resting position with asymmetrically overlapping apices extending beyond apices of elytra. Tis character occurs in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Laporte" authorityYear="1840" box="[551,690,1035,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ripiphoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
only in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[205,342,1068,1091]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Macrosiagon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[205,342,1068,1091]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Macrosiagon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Numerous examples are available for
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[205,342,1100,1123]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Macrosiagon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[205,342,1100,1123]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Macrosiagon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, e.g., [34:
|
||
<figureCitation box="[452,523,1099,1123]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[169,200,1227,1247]" captionTargetBox="[152,1437,237,1312]" captionTargetId="figure-279@4.[228,1362,253,1214]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2 Melanosiagon serraticornis gen. et sp. nov., micrographs of head with mouthparts and pronotal disc (PřFUK No. 056). A, B Mouthparts with elongated galea.C Detail of pronotal disc. gm galeomere, lbp labial palpus, lg ligula, lmxp left maxillary palpus, md mandible, ml medium lobe of pronotal disc,pe posterior edge of pronotal disc, rmxp right maxillary palpus. Scale bars 10 µm (A, B), 50 µm (C)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5733389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5733389/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
, 3], [29:
|
||
<figureCitation box="[618,686,1099,1123]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[168,199,1466,1486]" captionTargetBox="[152,1438,237,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-117@3.[228,1362,253,1454]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1 Melanosiagon serraticornis gen. et sp. nov. (Ripiphoridae:Ripiphorinae), female, mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (PřFUK No. 056). A Habitus from dorsolateral view. B Hindwing apices with secondary “ghost” branches.C Antennae with triangular projections on flagellomeres. D Detail of elytron viewed under green fluorescence. E Detail of pronotal disc viewed under fluorescence. F Prothoracic tarsus with five tarsomeres and pretarsal claws. G Detail of three distal mesothoracic tarsomeres and serrate pretarsal claws. H Mesothoracic tarsomere with erect stiff spiniform setae viewed under green fluorescence. I Distal metathoracic tarsomeres and serrate pretarsal claws.el elytron, ml medium lobe of pronotal disc,pe posterior edge of pronotal disc. Scale bars 100 µm (A), 50 µm (B), 10 µm (C, F, G, H, I), not in scale (D, E)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5733387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5733387/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[700,715,1099,1123]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[169,200,1227,1247]" captionTargetBox="[152,1437,237,1312]" captionTargetId="figure-279@4.[228,1362,253,1214]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2 Melanosiagon serraticornis gen. et sp. nov., micrographs of head with mouthparts and pronotal disc (PřFUK No. 056). A, B Mouthparts with elongated galea.C Detail of pronotal disc. gm galeomere, lbp labial palpus, lg ligula, lmxp left maxillary palpus, md mandible, ml medium lobe of pronotal disc,pe posterior edge of pronotal disc, rmxp right maxillary palpus. Scale bars 10 µm (A, B), 50 µm (C)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5733389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5733389/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2</figureCitation>
|
||
], [18:
|
||
<figureCitation box="[205,270,1131,1155]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[168,199,1466,1486]" captionTargetBox="[152,1438,237,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-117@3.[228,1362,253,1454]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1 Melanosiagon serraticornis gen. et sp. nov. (Ripiphoridae:Ripiphorinae), female, mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (PřFUK No. 056). A Habitus from dorsolateral view. B Hindwing apices with secondary “ghost” branches.C Antennae with triangular projections on flagellomeres. D Detail of elytron viewed under green fluorescence. E Detail of pronotal disc viewed under fluorescence. F Prothoracic tarsus with five tarsomeres and pretarsal claws. G Detail of three distal mesothoracic tarsomeres and serrate pretarsal claws. H Mesothoracic tarsomere with erect stiff spiniform setae viewed under green fluorescence. I Distal metathoracic tarsomeres and serrate pretarsal claws.el elytron, ml medium lobe of pronotal disc,pe posterior edge of pronotal disc. Scale bars 100 µm (A), 50 µm (B), 10 µm (C, F, G, H, I), not in scale (D, E)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5733387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5733387/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
–3], [33:
|
||
<figureCitation box="[369,439,1131,1155]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[169,200,1227,1247]" captionTargetBox="[152,1437,237,1312]" captionTargetId="figure-279@4.[228,1362,253,1214]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2 Melanosiagon serraticornis gen. et sp. nov., micrographs of head with mouthparts and pronotal disc (PřFUK No. 056). A, B Mouthparts with elongated galea.C Detail of pronotal disc. gm galeomere, lbp labial palpus, lg ligula, lmxp left maxillary palpus, md mandible, ml medium lobe of pronotal disc,pe posterior edge of pronotal disc, rmxp right maxillary palpus. Scale bars 10 µm (A, B), 50 µm (C)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5733389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5733389/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
, 6, 14, 16, 19, 30, 36, 37, 39, 43, 44; [56:
|
||
<figureCitation box="[291,360,1163,1187]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[168,199,1466,1486]" captionTargetBox="[152,1438,237,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-117@3.[228,1362,253,1454]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1 Melanosiagon serraticornis gen. et sp. nov. (Ripiphoridae:Ripiphorinae), female, mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (PřFUK No. 056). A Habitus from dorsolateral view. B Hindwing apices with secondary “ghost” branches.C Antennae with triangular projections on flagellomeres. D Detail of elytron viewed under green fluorescence. E Detail of pronotal disc viewed under fluorescence. F Prothoracic tarsus with five tarsomeres and pretarsal claws. G Detail of three distal mesothoracic tarsomeres and serrate pretarsal claws. H Mesothoracic tarsomere with erect stiff spiniform setae viewed under green fluorescence. I Distal metathoracic tarsomeres and serrate pretarsal claws.el elytron, ml medium lobe of pronotal disc,pe posterior edge of pronotal disc. Scale bars 100 µm (A), 50 µm (B), 10 µm (C, F, G, H, I), not in scale (D, E)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5733387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5733387/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
, 4, 6, 7] and others. Tis typical manner of hind wing folding is likely to be due to the narrow width of the wings with reduced venation, ‘compensated’ by secondary “ghost” branches in the apical field, and by a short abdomen and variably dehiscent elytra which usually do not completely cover the hind wings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[173,775,235,1923]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
7) Meso- and metatibia with spiniform setae. Present also in some
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[346,494,1419,1443]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ptilophorinae">Ptilophorinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but legs in this subfamily are much shorter and stronger, and the apices of tibia are much wider.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[173,775,235,1923]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
8) Long and prominent tibial spurs. Character occurring only in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[351,497,1547,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ptilophorinae">Ptilophorinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Laporte" authorityYear="1840" box="[560,701,1547,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ripiphorinae">Ripiphorinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in all other subfamilies there is strong tendency for them to be shorter. In
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seidlitz" authorityYear="1875" box="[387,544,1611,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pelecotominae">Pelecotominae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1921" box="[599,775,1611,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hemirhipidiinae">Hemirhipidiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
they are even partially hidden in the tibial cavity so they are hardly noticeable under low magnification using a binocular microscope (e.g., [
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Batelka J." box="[590,616,1707,1731]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomol Mus Nat Pragae." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="239 - 45" part="49" refId="ref9986" refString="31. Batelka J. Clinopalpus hanae, a new genus and species of ripiphorid beetle from Malaysia (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae: Pelecotominae). Acta Entomol Mus Nat Pragae. 2009; 49: 239 - 45." title="Clinopalpus hanae, a new genus and species of ripiphorid beetle from Malaysia (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae: Pelecotominae)" type="journal article" year="2009">31</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Engel MS & Falin ZH & Batelka J." box="[627,653,1707,1731]" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="59 - 84" part="857" refId="ref10026" refString="32. Engel MS, Falin ZH, Batelka J. A new genus of Pelecotominae from Mexico, with notes on the genera Clinops and Scotoscopus and the description of new species (Coleoptera, Ripiphoridae). ZooKeys. 2019; 857: 59 - 84." title="A new genus of Pelecotominae from Mexico, with notes on the genera Clinops and Scotoscopus and the description of new species (Coleoptera, Ripiphoridae)" type="journal article" year="2019">32</bibRefCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[173,775,235,1923]" lastBlockId="5.[866,1437,235,483]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
9) Serrate pretarsal claws. Pretarsus with series of distinct teeth are present in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[491,637,1771,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ptilophorinae">Ptilophorinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(their number depends on the size of the specimen (Batelka, pers. obs.)), in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1791" box="[388,504,1835,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Ripiphorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[388,504,1835,1859]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ripiphorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which the number and size of teeth is a sexual characteristic [
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Batelka J." box="[685,711,1867,1891]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Mus Morav Sci Biol." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="155 - 75" part="92" refId="ref10142" refString="35. Batelka J. Ripiphoridae (Coleoptera) of Greece and Turkey with notes on their distribution in the Eastern Mediterranean and some neighboring countries. Acta Mus Morav Sci Biol. 2007; 92: 155 - 75." title="Ripiphoridae (Coleoptera) of Greece and Turkey with notes on their distribution in the Eastern Mediterranean and some neighboring countries" type="journal article" year="2007">35</bibRefCitation>
|
||
], and in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seidlitz" authorityYear="1875" box="[234,391,1899,1923]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pelecotominae">Pelecotominae</taxonomicName>
|
||
of South America (formerly Micholaeminae), in which all teeth are very strong and robust (Batelka, unpublished). As the teeth in all the above-mentioned groups differ in shape and number we consider this character as homoplastic, depending possibly on the surface conditions and locomotive requirements of adults. In Cenozoic
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heyden" authorityYear="1908" box="[1269,1436,395,419]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Macrosiagonini">Macrosiagonini</taxonomicName>
|
||
the pretarsal claws are smooth and distinctly bidentate at apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[813,1437,525,1925]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Traits of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Batelka & Prokop, 2021" authorityName="Batelka & Prokop" authorityYear="2021" box="[949,1100,525,549]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Melanosiagon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[949,1100,525,549]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Melanosiagon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1116,1221,525,549]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
very convincingly place it among
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heyden" authorityYear="1908" box="[993,1164,557,581]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Macrosiagonini">Macrosiagonini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see above under characters 1, 4–6); at least characters 4–6 are undoubtedly shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[959,1099,621,644]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Macrosiagon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[959,1099,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Macrosiagon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Unfortunately, the metathorax in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Batelka & Prokop, 2021" authorityName="Batelka & Prokop" authorityYear="2021" box="[894,1045,653,677]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Melanosiagon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[894,1045,653,677]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Melanosiagon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1058,1161,653,677]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is not discernible so it cannot be compared with Cenozoic
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heyden" authorityYear="1908" box="[1232,1403,685,709]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Macrosiagonini">Macrosiagonini</taxonomicName>
|
||
in which the posterior half of the metepimeron is greatly expanded ventrally above the metacoxa, while the anterior half of the metepimeron evenly tapers towards the mesepimeron. Despite some characters being absent in Cenozoic
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heyden" authorityYear="1908" box="[930,1101,845,869]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Macrosiagonini">Macrosiagonini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(i.e., serrate pretarsal claws and meso- and metatibia with spiniform setae) we consider
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Batelka & Prokop, 2021" authorityName="Batelka & Prokop" authorityYear="2021" box="[879,1030,909,933]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Melanosiagon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[879,1030,909,933]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Melanosiagon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1044,1148,909,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
to be a member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heyden" authorityYear="1908" box="[813,986,941,965]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Macrosiagonini">Macrosiagonini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Falin [
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Falin ZH" box="[1083,1109,941,965]" journalOrPublisher="Coleopterists Bull." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 19" part="58" refId="ref9907" refString="29. Falin ZH. Revision of three New World Macrosiagon Hentz species (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae: Ripiphorinae) with a discussion of phylogenetic relationships within the Macrosiagonini. Coleopterists Bull. 2004; 58: 1 - 19." title="Revision of three New World Macrosiagon Hentz species (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae: Ripiphorinae) with a discussion of phylogenetic relationships within the Macrosiagonini" type="journal article" year="2004">29</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] doubts the monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[813,953,973,996]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Macrosiagon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[813,953,973,996]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Macrosiagon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in respect to
|
||
<emphasis box="[1112,1136,973,996]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1152,1226,973,996]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">vittata</emphasis>
|
||
species group and genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1833" box="[885,987,1005,1028]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Metoecus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[885,987,1005,1028]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Metoecus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Te phylogenetic analysis of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Laporte" authorityYear="1840" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ripiphoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on molecular markers [
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Batelka J & Kundrata R & Bocak L." box="[1199,1225,1037,1061]" journalOrPublisher="Annal Zool." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="113 - 23" part="66" refId="ref10183" refString="36. Batelka J, Kundrata R, Bocak L. Position and relationships of Ripiphoridae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) inferred from the ribosomal and mitochondrial molecular markers. Annal Zool. 2016; 66: 113 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10. 3161 / 00034541 ANZ 2016.66.1.008." title="Position and relationships of Ripiphoridae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) inferred from the ribosomal and mitochondrial molecular markers" type="journal article" year="2016">36</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] indeed recovered
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1833" box="[813,915,1069,1092]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Metoecus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[813,915,1069,1092]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Metoecus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nested inside
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1070,1210,1069,1092]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Macrosiagon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1070,1210,1069,1092]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Macrosiagon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(members of
|
||
<emphasis box="[1362,1386,1069,1092]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">vittata</emphasis>
|
||
species group were not available for this analysis). More data are needed to reveal which species group(s) of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[813,953,1165,1188]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Macrosiagon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[813,953,1165,1188]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Macrosiagon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should eventually be raised to generic status, equal to
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Batelka & Prokop, 2021" authorityName="Batelka & Prokop" authorityYear="2021" box="[961,1112,1197,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Melanosiagon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[961,1112,1197,1221]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Melanosiagon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1121,1221,1197,1221]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1833" box="[1278,1380,1197,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Metoecus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1278,1380,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Metoecus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. If it is accepted that bidentate pretarsal claws are synapomorphy within Cenozoic
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heyden" authorityYear="1908" box="[1058,1231,1261,1285]" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Macrosiagonini">Macrosiagonini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it seems unlikely that genera in this lineage are descendants of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Batelka & Prokop, 2021" authorityName="Batelka & Prokop" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Melanosiagon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Melanosiagon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[870,967,1325,1349]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |