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<document id="FAC50B14AEC5F7CE362E4C2E18D2D60E" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629634972757" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Franklin, J. Benjamin, Subramanian, K. A., Fernando, S. Antony &amp; Krishnan, K. S." docDate="2009" docId="03A287BEFFAFA50ECFBAC562FE91A201" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02250p063.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2250" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Conus betulinus Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="FF9BFFC6FFB9A519CF2DC050FF99A623" masterDocTitle="2250" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1699087834563" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:namePart id="74177AC63342B0C93A156DA9BA937A83">Franklin, J. Benjamin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7060AAB3B244FB2499B46F4317C25FD6">Subramanian, K. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A170C7498AEBF34F890EAB02EFB2C2BE">Fernando, S. Antony</mods:namePart>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="543E9055C60D37E3775FD65A0220A679">Krishnan, K. S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title id="523E3A1FF74E8A655465BC1B5F6E0481">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="84EECAEC62636FF3B99AC2807B573950">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7A2FF770CBFA7E1CABCB2495CB1D5679">2009-10-08</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="93C040C6A382B1A602EBC70FECC88562">2250</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="890247C9B20634FC068EC8B45F6A8D22">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="7D5FAF8870DA51356CD353BFA3F5CC9F" type="ISSN">1175­5334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A287BEFFAFA50ECFBAC562FE91A201" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5323257" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5323257" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A287BEFFAFA50ECFBAC562FE91A201" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A287BEFFAFA50ECFBAC562FE91A201" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<subSubSection id="C3116523FFAFA50FCFBAC562FD46A36F" box="[151,735,1330,1356]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB436A8FFAFA50FCFBAC562FD46A36F" blockId="22.[151,735,1330,1356]" box="[151,735,1330,1356]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<heading id="D0FC81C4FFAFA50FCFBAC562FD46A36F" bold="true" box="[151,735,1330,1356]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B97FEABAFFAFA50FCFBAC562FD46A36F" bold="true" box="[151,735,1330,1356]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
13.
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D2BFFAFA50FCFEEC562FDD5A36F" ID-CoL="XWZQ" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[195,588,1330,1356]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="betulinus">
<emphasis id="B97FEABAFFAFA50FCFEEC562FE11A36F" bold="true" box="[195,392,1330,1356]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Conus betulinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B59FFAFA50FCEBDC562FDD5A36F" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[400,588,1330,1356]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref44210" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae. 10 th ed., 1 Stockholm." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(Figure 14)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3116523FFAFA50FCFBAC52DFC8EA177" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB436A8FFAFA50FCFBAC52DFA04A3B7" blockId="22.[151,1437,1405,1428]" box="[151,1437,1405,1428]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B1186FFAFA50FCFBAC52DFA04A3B7" box="[151,1437,1405,1428]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA10B9FFAFA50FCFBAC52DFDBDA3B7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3912546" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3912546" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D27D5761-451A-4FCB-99CA-80899994B06D" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[151,548,1405,1428]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D70F304B4A5804A06883D4A6D21E43A" page="715" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1758">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D2BFFAFA50FCFBAC52DFDBDA3B7" ID-CoL="XWZQ" authority="Linnaeus, 1758: 715" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="715" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,548,1405,1428]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="betulinus">
<emphasis id="B97FEABAFFAFA50FCFBAC52DFEDAA3B7" box="[151,323,1405,1428]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Conus betulinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B59FFAFA50FCE64C52DFDBDA3B7" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[329,548,1405,1428]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref44210" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae. 10 th ed., 1 Stockholm." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758: 715</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, no. 266 (
<typeStatus id="54B0880AFFAFA50FCDA6C52DFD68A3B7" box="[651,753,1405,1428]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, LSL (101 x
<quantity id="4CF39B4DFFAFA50FCC56C52DFC5EA3B7" box="[891,967,1405,1428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="67.0">67 mm</quantity>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B59FFAFA50FCCF1C52DFBC1A3B7" author="Kohn, A. J." box="[988,1112,1405,1428]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="740 - 768" refId="ref43260" refString="Kohn, A. J. (1963) Type specimens and identity of the described species of Conus, I. The species described by Linnaeus, 1758 - 1767. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, London, 44, 740 - 768." type="journal article" year="1963">Kohn 1963</bibRefCitation>
); &quot;island of
<collectingRegion id="49CFF84AFFAFA50FCBF3C52DFA89A3B7" box="[1246,1296,1405,1428]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Java</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F31C7638FFAFA50FCA37C52DFA10A3B7" box="[1306,1417,1405,1428]" name="Indonesia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
&quot;).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB436A8FFAFA50FCFBAC5EDFE48A3D7" blockId="22.[151,1436,1469,1876]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B1186FFAFA50FCFBAC5EDFE48A3D7" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA10B9FFAFA50FCFBAC5EDFDBDA3F7" author="Roding, P. F." box="[151,548,1469,1492]" page="43" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1798">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D2BFFAFA50FCFBAC5EDFDBDA3F7" ID-CoL="329D8" authority="Roding, 1798: 43" authorityName="Roding" authorityPageNumber="43" authorityYear="1798" box="[151,548,1469,1492]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Cucullus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="medusae">
<emphasis id="B97FEABAFFAFA50FCFBAC5EDFEC2A3F7" box="[151,347,1469,1492]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cucullus medusae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B59FFAFA50FCE49C5EDFDBDA3F7" author="Roding, P. F." box="[356,548,1469,1492]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref46375" refString="Roding, P. F. (1798) Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat Joa, Fried, Bolten, Hamburg, 2, 1 - 8, 199 pp." type="book chapter" year="1798">Röding, 1798: 43</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, no. 546 (representation of
<typeStatus id="54B0880AFFAFA50FCC7EC5EDFC21A3F7" box="[851,952,1469,1492]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B59FFAFA50FCCE9C5EDFBF4A3F7" author="Chemnitz, J. H." box="[964,1133,1469,1492]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref41315" refString="Chemnitz, J. H. (1788) Neues Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet, Nurnberg, G. N. Rapse, Vol. 10." type="book" year="1788">Chemnitz 1788</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 142, fig. 1321 (73 x
<quantity id="4CF39B4DFFAFA50FCAACC5EDFF6CA3D7" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="43.0">43 mm</quantity>
); locality unknown).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB436A8FFAFA50FCFBAC5ADFE92A017" blockId="22.[151,1436,1469,1876]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B1186FFAFA50FCFBAC5ADFE92A017" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA10B9FFAFA50FCFBAC5ADFD6CA037" author="Dautzenberg, P." box="[151,757,1533,1556]" page="54" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1906">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D2BFFAFA50FCFBAC5ADFD6CA037" authority="Dautzenberg, 1906: 54" authorityName="Dautzenberg" authorityPageNumber="54" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,757,1533,1556]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="betulinus" variety="immaculate">
<emphasis id="B97FEABAFFAFA50FCFBAC5ADFEDDA037" box="[151,324,1533,1556]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Conus betulinus</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B97FEABAFFAFA50FCE57C5ADFE6FA037" box="[378,502,1533,1556]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">immaculate</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B59FFAFA50FCED3C5ADFD6CA037" author="Dautzenberg, P." box="[510,757,1533,1556]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="27 - 29" refId="ref42147" refString="Dautzenberg, P. (1906) Liste de coquilles marines d'Ambodifoutra (CBte-Est de Sainte-Marie de Madagascar). Journal de Conchyliologie, 54, 27 - 29." type="journal article" year="1906">Dautzenberg, 1906: 54</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, no. 27 (&quot;Ambodifoutra (Côte est de sainte Marie de
<collectingCountry id="F31C7638FFAFA50FCA1EC5ADFF74A017" name="Madagascar" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
)&quot;).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB436A8FFAFA50FCFBAC66DFD80A057" blockId="22.[151,1436,1469,1876]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B1186FFAFA50FCFBAC66DFD80A057" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA10B9FFAFA50FCFBAC66DFD4BA077" author="Dautzenberg, P." box="[151,722,1597,1620]" page="48" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1937">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D2BFFAFA50FCFBAC66DFD4BA077" ID-CoL="5N8PC" authority="Dautzenberg, 1937: 48" authorityName="Dautzenberg" authorityPageNumber="48" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,722,1597,1620]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="betulinus" variety="alternans">
<emphasis id="B97FEABAFFAFA50FCFBAC66DFEDAA077" box="[151,323,1597,1620]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Conus betulinus</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B97FEABAFFAFA50FCE5BC66DFE42A077" box="[374,475,1597,1620]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">alternans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B59FFAFA50FCECCC66DFD4BA077" author="Dautzenberg, P." box="[481,722,1597,1620]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 184" refId="ref42242" refString="Dautzenberg, P. (1937) Gastropodes Marins. 3. Familie Conidae. Memoires du Musee royal d'histoire naturelle de Belgique, 2 (18), 1 - 184." type="journal article" year="1937">Dautzenberg, 1937: 48</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(representation of
<typeStatus id="54B0880AFFAFA50FCCB6C66DFB99A077" box="[923,1024,1597,1620]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B59FFAFA50FCB27C66DFB08A077" author="Cuvier, G. L. C. F. D." box="[1034,1169,1597,1620]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref42070" refString="Cuvier, G. L. C. F. D. (1798) Tableau elementaire de l' ' histoire des animaux. Baudouin, Paris, 16, 710 pp." type="book" year="1798">Cuvier 1798</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 334, fig. 8 (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B59FFAFA50FCA1BC66DFEA5A057" author="Coomans, H. E. &amp; Moolenbeek, R. G. &amp; Wils, E." pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="17 - 49" refId="ref41523" refString="Coomans, H. E., Moolenbeek, R. G. &amp; Wils, E. (1980) Alphabetical revision of the (sub) species in recent Conidae 3 albus to antillarium, Basteria, 44, 17 - 49." type="journal article" year="1980">
Coomans
<emphasis id="B97FEABAFFAFA50FCFEAC60DFF64A057" box="[199,253,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
1980
</bibRefCitation>
); locality unknown).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB436A8FFAFA50FCFBAC62DFD63A0B7" blockId="22.[151,1436,1469,1876]" box="[151,762,1661,1684]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B1186FFAFA50FCFBAC62DFD63A0B7" box="[151,762,1661,1684]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA10B9FFAFA50FCFBAC62DFD6FA0B7" author="Dautzenberg, P." box="[151,758,1661,1684]" page="49" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1937">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D2BFFAFA50FCFBAC62DFD6FA0B7" ID-CoL="5N8PJ" authority="Dautzenberg, 1937: 48 - 49" authorityName="Dautzenberg" authorityPageNumber="48 - 49" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,758,1661,1684]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="betulinus" variety="tabulata">
<emphasis id="B97FEABAFFAFA50FCFBAC62DFEDDA0B7" box="[151,324,1661,1684]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Conus betulinus</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B97FEABAFFAFA50FCE55C62DFE48A0B7" box="[376,465,1661,1684]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">tabulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B59FFAFA50FCEFAC62DFD6FA0B7" author="Dautzenberg, P." box="[471,758,1661,1684]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 184" refId="ref42242" refString="Dautzenberg, P. (1937) Gastropodes Marins. 3. Familie Conidae. Memoires du Musee royal d'histoire naturelle de Belgique, 2 (18), 1 - 184." type="journal article" year="1937">Dautzenberg, 1937: 48–49</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB436A8FFAFA50FCFBAC6CDFD6AA097" blockId="22.[151,1436,1469,1876]" box="[151,755,1693,1716]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B1186FFAFA50FCFBAC6CDFD6AA097" box="[151,755,1693,1716]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA10B9FFAFA50FCFBAC6CDFD69A097" author="Dautzenberg, P." box="[151,752,1693,1716]" page="49" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1937">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D2BFFAFA50FCFBAC6CDFD69A097" ID-CoL="5N8PG" authority="Dautzenberg, 1937: 49" authorityName="Dautzenberg" authorityPageNumber="49" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,752,1693,1716]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="betulinus" variety="plurizonata">
<emphasis id="B97FEABAFFAFA50FCFBAC6CDFEDDA097" box="[151,324,1693,1716]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Conus betulinus</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B97FEABAFFAFA50FCE55C6CDFE6AA097" box="[376,499,1693,1716]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">plurizonata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B59FFAFA50FCED4C6CDFD69A097" author="Dautzenberg, P." box="[505,752,1693,1716]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 184" refId="ref42242" refString="Dautzenberg, P. (1937) Gastropodes Marins. 3. Familie Conidae. Memoires du Musee royal d'histoire naturelle de Belgique, 2 (18), 1 - 184." type="journal article" year="1937">Dautzenberg, 1937: 49</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB436A8FFAFA50FCFBAC6EDFD5AA0F7" blockId="22.[151,1436,1469,1876]" box="[151,707,1725,1748]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B1186FFAFA50FCFBAC6EDFD5AA0F7" box="[151,707,1725,1748]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA10B9FFAFA50FCFBAC6EDFD26A0F7" author="Dautzenberg, P." box="[151,703,1725,1748]" page="49" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1937">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D2BFFAFA50FCFBAC6EDFD26A0F7" ID-CoL="5N8PH" authority="Dautzenberg, 1937: 49" authorityName="Dautzenberg" authorityPageNumber="49" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,703,1725,1748]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="betulinus" variety="scripta">
<emphasis id="B97FEABAFFAFA50FCFBAC6EDFEDDA0F7" box="[151,324,1725,1748]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Conus betulinus</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B97FEABAFFAFA50FCE55C6EDFE5BA0F7" box="[376,450,1725,1748]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">scripta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B59FFAFA50FCEE4C6EDFD26A0F7" author="Dautzenberg, P." box="[457,703,1725,1748]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 184" refId="ref42242" refString="Dautzenberg, P. (1937) Gastropodes Marins. 3. Familie Conidae. Memoires du Musee royal d'histoire naturelle de Belgique, 2 (18), 1 - 184." type="journal article" year="1937">Dautzenberg, 1937: 49</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB436A8FFAFA50FCFBAC68DFE08A137" blockId="22.[151,1436,1469,1876]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B1186FFAFA50FCFBAC68DFE08A137" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA10B9FFAFA50FCFBAC68DFC8CA0D7" author="Dautzenberg, P." box="[151,789,1757,1780]" page="50" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1937">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D2BFFAFA50FCFBAC68DFC8CA0D7" ID-CoL="5N8PF" authority="Dautzenberg, 1937: 50" authorityName="Dautzenberg" authorityPageNumber="50" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,789,1757,1780]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="betulinus" variety="paucimaculata">
<emphasis id="B97FEABAFFAFA50FCFBAC68DFEDDA0D7" box="[151,324,1757,1780]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Conus betulinus</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B97FEABAFFAFA50FCE57C68DFD81A0D7" box="[378,536,1757,1780]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">paucimaculata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B59FFAFA50FCD0DC68DFC8CA0D7" author="Dautzenberg, P." box="[544,789,1757,1780]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 184" refId="ref42242" refString="Dautzenberg, P. (1937) Gastropodes Marins. 3. Familie Conidae. Memoires du Musee royal d'histoire naturelle de Belgique, 2 (18), 1 - 184." type="journal article" year="1937">Dautzenberg, 1937: 50</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(representation of
<typeStatus id="54B0880AFFAFA50FCCCCC68DFBDCA0D7" box="[993,1093,1757,1780]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B59FFAFA50FCB7DC68DFB78A0D7" author="Martini, F. H. W." box="[1104,1249,1757,1780]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref44368" refString="Martini, F. H. W. (1773) Neues Sytematisches Conchylien-Cabinet, Nurnberg, G. N. Rapse, Vol. 2." type="book" year="1773">Martini 1773</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 61, fig. 673); locality unknown).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB436A8FFAFA50FCFBAC74DFC8EA177" blockId="22.[151,1436,1469,1876]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B1186FFAFA50FCFBAC74DFC8EA177" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA10B9FFAFA50FCFBAC74DFE68A117" author="Petuch, E. J." box="[151,497,1821,1844]" page="20" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1979">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D2BFFAFA50FCFBAC74DFE68A117" ID-CoL="879YH" authority="Petuch, 1979: 19 - 20" authorityName="Petuch" authorityPageNumber="19 - 20" authorityYear="1979" box="[151,497,1821,1844]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zulu">
<emphasis id="B97FEABAFFAFA50FCFBAC74DFE94A117" box="[151,269,1821,1844]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Conus zulu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B59FFAFA50FCE39C74DFE68A117" author="Petuch, E. J." box="[276,497,1821,1844]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref45956" refString="Petuch, E. J. (1979) Twelve new Indo-Pacific gastropods. Nemouria. Occasional Papers of the Delaware Museum of Natural History, 23, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1979">Petuch, 1979: 19–20</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 28–31 (
<typeStatus id="54B0880AFFAFA50FCDACC74DFD7BA117" box="[641,738,1821,1844]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, DMNH (62 x
<quantity id="4CF39B4DFFAFA50FCCAFC74DFC57A117" box="[898,974,1821,1844]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B59FFAFA50FCCCEC74DFB32A117" author="Rockel, D. &amp; Korn, W. &amp; Kohn, A. J." box="[995,1195,1821,1844]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="84" refId="ref46330" refString="Rockel, D., Korn, W. &amp; Kohn, A. J. (1995) Manual of the living Conidae. Vol. 1: Indo-Pacific. Christa Hemmen Verlag, Wiesbaden, pp. 516, pl. 84." type="book chapter" year="1995">
Röckel
<emphasis id="B97FEABAFFAFA50FCB1BC74DFBF5A117" box="[1078,1132,1821,1844]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
1995
</bibRefCitation>
); &quot;off the mouth of the Umfolozi River, Zululand Coast, Natal,
<collectingCountry id="F31C7638FFAFA50FCD5EC76DFC9AA177" box="[627,771,1853,1876]" name="South Africa" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">South Africa</collectingCountry>
&quot;).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3116523FFAFA50FCFBAC7D5FB18A1BC" box="[151,1153,1925,1951]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB436A8FFAFA50FCFBAC7D5FB18A1BC" blockId="22.[151,1435,1925,2031]" box="[151,1153,1925,1951]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B97FEABAFFAFA50FCFBAC7D5FE1CA1BC" bold="true" box="[151,389,1925,1951]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B633CF5FFAFA50FCEA1C7D5FBE4A1BC" box="[396,1149,1925,1951]" collectionCode="MBMCS" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCode="MBMCS 113" specimenCount="228">
<specimenCode id="DBAD9ED3FFAFA50FCEA1C7D5FDB4A1BC" box="[396,557,1925,1951]" collectionCode="MBMCS" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">MBMCS 113</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD21FFAFA50FCD14C7D5FD70A1BC" box="[569,745,1925,1951]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="generic">228 specimens</specimenCount>
, SL
<quantity id="4CF39B4DFFAFA50FCC33C7D5FC37A1BC" box="[798,942,1925,1951]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.15" metricValueMax="14.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="81.5" valueMax="148.0" valueMin="15.0">15–148 mm</quantity>
; SW 09–
<quantity id="4CF39B4DFFAFA50FCB37C7D5FBE4A1BC" box="[1050,1149,1925,1951]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="110.0">110 mm</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3116523FFAFA50ECFEBC7FDFC87A461" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB436A8FFAFA50ECFEBC7FDFBD2A709" blockId="22.[151,1435,1925,2031]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1436,152,1058]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B97FEABAFFAFA50FCFEBC7FDFEC3A1E4" bold="true" box="[198,346,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Description.</emphasis>
Solid to heavy shell, body whorl broadly pyriform, outline convex. Body whorl with about a dozen rounded and closely spaced basal spiral ridges, reminder of the whorl smooth except for fine spiral and axial scratches and occasional random spiral ridges; often with heavy axial growth marks. Shoulder very broad, rounded, not distinct from spire; spire very low, nearly flat except for the first few whorls, forming a small projecting pointed cone. Aperture wide, nearly uniform; outer lip thick, sharp and straight. Small specimens are relatively narrower than adults and the basal ridges extend up to centre.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB436A8FFAEA50ECFEBC168FC87A461" blockId="23.[151,1436,152,1058]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Body whorl uniformly creamy white, yellowish to deep orange, more strongly tinged at shoulder and base; covered with few to many spiral rows of small to large blackish spots, usually regularly spaced; spots may be large squares or rounded dots, sometimes with secondary rows of finer brown dots between. The spiral rows are often closely spaced anteriorly and more widely spaced posteriorly; spire and shoulder about same colour as body whorl; early spire whorls often spotted, later spire whorls with blotches. Aperture white; margins pale orange. Juveniles are commonly whitish instead of orange or yellow. Periostracum thick and yellowish brown. Foot and proboscis are dark brown to black.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3116523FFAEA50ECFEBC21FFDC2A5A2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB436A8FFAEA50ECFEBC21FFD3EA499" blockId="23.[151,1436,152,1058]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B97FEABAFFAEA50ECFEBC21FFEC6A44A" bold="true" box="[198,351,591,617]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Distribution.</emphasis>
This species has been reported from Madras southward to Tuticorin (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B59FFAEA50ECB94C200FF4CA4B1" author="Melvill, J. C. &amp; Standen, R." pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="30 - 48" refId="ref44703" refString="Melvill, J. C. &amp; Standen, R. (1898) The marine Mollusca of Madras and the immediate neighbourhood. Journal of Conchology, 9, 30 - 48, 85." type="journal article" year="1898">Melvill &amp; Standen 1898</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B59FFAEA50ECFCDC228FE15A4B1" author="Crichton, M. D." box="[224,396,632,658]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="323 - 341" refId="ref41852" refString="Crichton, M. D. (1941) Marine shells of Madras. Journal of Conchology, 42, 323 - 341." type="journal article" year="1941">Crichton 1941</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B59FFAEA50ECEB5C228FDA5A4B1" author="Gravely, F. H." box="[408,572,632,658]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 110" refId="ref42745" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1942) Shells and other animals remains found on the Madras beach. II. Snails etc. (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Bulletin of Madras Government Museum, 5 (2), 1 - 110." type="journal article" year="1942">Gravely 1942</bibRefCitation>
). Specimens collected from Gopalpur and Tuticorin are in the BMNH and from
<collectingCountry id="F31C7638FFAEA50ECFFAC2F0FEC4A499" box="[215,349,672,698]" name="India" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Tranquebar</collectingCountry>
in the ZMUC (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B59FFAEA50ECD3CC2F0FD02A499" author="Kohn, A. J." box="[529,667,672,698]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="295 - 335" refId="ref43618" refString="Kohn, A. J. (1978) The Conidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of India. Journal of Natural History, 12, 295 - 335." type="journal article" year="1978">Kohn 1978</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB436A8FFAEA50ECFEBC298FDC2A5A2" blockId="23.[151,1436,152,1058]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D2BFFAEA50ECFEBC298FE11A4C2" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[198,392,712,737]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="betulinus">
<emphasis id="B97FEABAFFAEA50ECFEBC298FE11A4C2" box="[198,392,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Conus betulinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widely distributed from shallow inshore water to sand and sandy mud bottoms at depths of
<quantity id="4CF39B4DFFAEA50ECE27C2A0FED1A529" box="[266,328,752,778]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
, and also in the coral reefs of the
<collectingRegion id="49CFF84AFFAEA50ECDFFC2A0FC91A529" box="[722,776,752,778]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Gulf</collectingRegion>
of Mannar Islands. The specimens reported herein were collected from almost all stations of the Northern and
<collectingRegion id="49CFF84AFFAEA50ECC0DC348FCCFA511" box="[800,854,792,818]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Gulf</collectingRegion>
of Mannar regions (
<tableCitation id="C6890313FFAEA50ECB61C348FB31A511" box="[1100,1192,792,818]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,236,198,220]" captionText="TABLE 6. Presence () of Conus species and total number of species per sampling site." pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Table 6</tableCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D2BFFAEA50ECBEDC348FAE6A512" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1216,1407,792,817]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="betulinus">
<emphasis id="B97FEABAFFAEA50ECBEDC348FAE6A512" box="[1216,1407,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Conus betulinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is landed abundantly in Mandapam compared to other stations and is always found together with
<emphasis id="B97FEABAFFAEA50ECBD7C310FE3CA5A2" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D2BFFAEA50ECBD7C310FAEDA57A" box="[1274,1396,832,857]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="amadis">C. amadis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D2BFFAEA50ECAACC310FE98A5A2" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="figulinus">C. figulinus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D2BFFAEA50ECE21C338FE3CA5A2" box="[268,421,872,897]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="suratensis">C. suratensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B97FEABAFFAEA50ECEF3C338FDC2A5A2" box="[478,603,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D2BFFAEA50ECEF3C338FDCEA5A2" box="[478,599,872,897]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="loroisii">C. loroisii</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3116523FFAEA50ECFEBC3DFFE91A201" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB436A8FFAEA50ECFEBC3DFFE91A201" blockId="23.[151,1436,152,1058]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B97FEABAFFAEA50ECFEBC3DFFEA0A58A" bold="true" box="[198,313,911,937]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Remarks.</emphasis>
We note that
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D2BFFAEA50ECECEC3C0FDEBA58A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[483,626,912,937]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="betulinus">
<emphasis id="B97FEABAFFAEA50ECECEC3C0FDEBA58A" box="[483,626,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C. betulinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is absent from Palk Bay although it occurs both north and south of there. An unidentified species of sea anemone is invariably found attached to the shells in Palayar. A specimen presently collected at Palayar (
<quantity id="4CF39B4DFFAEA50ECD1AC3B0FD03A5D9" box="[567,666,992,1018]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.48" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="148.0">148 mm</quantity>
) is larger than any earlier reported from
<collectingCountry id="F31C7638FFAEA50ECB5EC3B0FB36A5D9" box="[1139,1199,992,1018]" name="India" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">India</collectingCountry>
(
<quantity id="4CF39B4DFFAEA50ECB92C3B0FA8DA5D9" box="[1215,1300,992,1018]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="90.0">90 mm</quantity>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B59FFAEA50ECA06C3B0FF62A201" author="Rockel, D. &amp; Korn, W. &amp; Kohn, A. J." pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="84" refId="ref46330" refString="Rockel, D., Korn, W. &amp; Kohn, A. J. (1995) Manual of the living Conidae. Vol. 1: Indo-Pacific. Christa Hemmen Verlag, Wiesbaden, pp. 516, pl. 84." type="book chapter" year="1995">
Röckel
<emphasis id="B97FEABAFFAEA50ECAAAC3B0FF2CA202" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
1995
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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