315 lines
40 KiB
XML
315 lines
40 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="BFC5E87C922BF97FF4E248DE8FC074DA">The Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae s. l.) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FE09C27B49CE640C3E3E6FCF4636A697">Landry, Bernard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="F63ECBF678CBCF651FE5ED9F06AD420B">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03A28796BE05B417FEBE086DFD910309" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6122066" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160218156" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6122066" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A28796BE05B417FEBE086DFD910309" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A28796BE05B417FEBE086DFD910309" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
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<subSubSection id="C311650BBE05B415FEBE086DFDBA062C" box="[272,636,1028,1052]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB43680BE05B415FEBE086DFDBA062C" blockId="1.[272,636,1028,1085]" box="[272,636,1028,1052]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
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<heading id="D0FC81ECBE05B415FEBE086DFDBA062C" bold="true" box="[272,636,1028,1052]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE05B415FEBE086DFDBA062C" ID-CoL="9958" authority="(Schaus, 1923)" baseAuthorityName="Schaus" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[272,636,1028,1052]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Achyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eneanalis">
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<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE05B415FEBE086DFDBA062C" bold="true" box="[272,636,1028,1052]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE05B415FEBE086DFE16062C" bold="true" box="[272,464,1028,1052]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Achyra eneanalis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE05B415FE70086CFDB2062C" author="Schaus W." bookContentInfo="2 pls." box="[478,628,1029,1052]" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" pagination="22 - 48" part="5" refId="ref13368" refString="Schaus W. 1923. Galapagos Heterocera with descriptions of new species. Zoologica 5 (2): 22 - 48, 2 pls." title="Galapagos Heterocera with descriptions of new species" type="book chapter" year="1923">Schaus, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C311650BBE05B415FECE084FFDED060D" box="[352,555,1062,1085]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB43680BE05B415FECE084FFDED060D" blockId="1.[272,636,1028,1085]" box="[352,555,1062,1085]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
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<figureCitation id="13302A05BE05B415FECE084FFE7C060D" box="[352,442,1062,1085]" captionStart="Figs 1-8" captionStartId="1.[151,192,1910,1931]" captionText="Figs 1-8. Adults of Galápagos Pyraustinae. (1-3) Achyra eneanalis. (1) ♀, Floreana, Punta Cormoran, 21.iv.1992, MHNG. (2) ♂, Isabela, Alcedo, lado NE, 200 m, camp arida alta, 18.iv.2002, MHNG. (3) ♀, Fernandina, SW side, 352 m elev., 10.ii.2005, MHNG. (4-6) Neohelvibotys hoecki. (4) ♂ holotype, CNC. (5) ♀ paratype, Santa Cruz, Tortuga Res., W Sta Rosa, 6.ii.1989, CNC. (6) ♂ paratype, Isabela, Alcedo, lado NE, 700 m, camp guayabillos, 16.iv.2002, MHNG. (7, 8) Pyrausta panopealis. (7) ♂, Santa Cruz, Los Gemelos, 4.v.2002, MHNG. (8) ♀, Isabela, 3 km N Sto Tómas, Agr. zone, 8.iii.1989, CNC." pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Figs 1-3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13302A05BE05B415FE68084FFE26060D" box="[454,480,1062,1085]" captionStart="Figs 17-19" captionStartId="8.[151,192,1870,1891]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,264,1788]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,254,1802]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 17-19. Male genitalia of Galápagos Pyraustinae, a and b always from same slide, but not to scale, a showing the genitalia without phallus and b, the phallus. (17) Achyra eneanalis: slide MHNG ENTO 8616, Fernandina. (18) Neohelvibotys hoecki paratype: slide MHNG ENTO 8610, Santa Cruz. (19) Pyrausta panopealis; slide CNC PYR 373, Santa Cruz. bss: basal spine of sacculus; c: clasper; hps: hump-like process of sacculus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10823440" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10823440/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">17</figureCitation>
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a-b, 22
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C311650BBE05B415FF39083CFEA60727" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB43680BE05B415FF39083CFE6A06B5" blockId="1.[151,756,1107,1304]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE05B415FF39083CFDC40658" authority="Schaus, 1923: 45" authorityName="Schaus" authorityPageNumber="45" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,514,1107,1130]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pyrausta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eneanalis">
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<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE05B415FF39083CFE970658" box="[151,337,1107,1130]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Pyrausta eneanalis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE05B415FEF7083AFDC40658" author="Schaus W." bookContentInfo="2 pls." box="[345,514,1107,1128]" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" pagination="22 - 48" part="5" refId="ref13368" refString="Schaus W. 1923. Galapagos Heterocera with descriptions of new species. Zoologica 5 (2): 22 - 48, 2 pls." title="Galapagos Heterocera with descriptions of new species" type="book chapter" year="1923">Schaus, 1923: 45</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 46, fig. 21. –
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE05B415FD3C083AFE6E06B5" author="Linsley E. G. & Usinger R. L." journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4 th series" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" pagination="113 - 196" part="33" refId="ref12700" refString="Linsley E. G., Usinger R. L. 1966. Insects of the Galapagos Islands. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4 th series, 33 (7): 113 - 196." title="Insects of the Galapagos Islands" type="journal article" year="1966">Linsley & Usinger (1966: 162)</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BB43680BE05B415FF3908E6FEB306F0" blockId="1.[151,756,1107,1304]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE05B415FF3908E6FE7C0692" authority="(Schaus)" baseAuthorityName="Schaus" box="[151,442,1165,1188]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Loxostege" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eneanalis">
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<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE05B415FF3908E6FE9A0692" box="[151,348,1165,1188]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Loxostege eneanalis</emphasis>
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(Schaus)
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</taxonomicName>
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. –
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE05B415FE7608E4FDBD0692" author="Capps H. W." bookContentInfo="7 pls." box="[472,635,1165,1186]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Washington" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 75" part="120" refId="ref12298" refString="Capps H. W. 1967. Review of some species of Loxostege Hubner and descriptions of new species (Lepidoptera, Pyraustidae: Pyraustinae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Washington 120 (3561): 1 - 75, 7 pls." title="Review of some species of Loxostege Hubner and descriptions of new species (Lepidoptera, Pyraustidae: Pyraustinae)" type="book chapter" year="1967">Capps (1967: 56</bibRefCitation>
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, 57, figs 53, 101, 160, 161).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BB43680BE05B415FF3908A1FEA60727" blockId="1.[151,756,1107,1304]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE05B415FF3908A1FE6506ED" ID-CoL="9958" authority="(Schaus)" authorityName="Schaus" baseAuthorityName="Schaus" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[151,419,1224,1245]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Achyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eneanalis">
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<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE05B415FF3908A1FE8406ED" box="[151,322,1224,1245]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Achyra eneanalis</emphasis>
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(Schaus)
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</taxonomicName>
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. –
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE05B415FE6B08A1FD4306ED" author="Munroe E. G." box="[453,645,1224,1245]" editor="Dominick R. B." journalOrPublisher="E. W. Classey Ltd. and The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" refId="ref12766" refString="Munroe E. G. 1976. Pyraloidea Pyralidae comprising the subfamily Pyraustinae tribe Pyraustini (part 1) [pp. 1 - 78, pls 1 - 4, A-H; (conclusion); pp. 79 - 150, pls 5 - 9, J-U, pp. xiiixvii]. In: Dominick R. B. et al., The Moths of America north of Mexico 13.2 A & 13.2 B. E. W. Classey Ltd. and The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London." title="Pyraloidea Pyralidae comprising the subfamily Pyraustinae tribe Pyraustini (part 1)" type="book" volumeTitle="The Moths of America north of Mexico 13.2 A & 13.2 B" year="1976">Munroe (1976: 46)</bibRefCitation>
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. –
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE05B415FD0608A1FE8A06CA" author="Munroe E. G." editor="Heppner J. B." journalOrPublisher="Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" pagination="34 - 79" part="3" refId="ref12925" refString="Munroe E. G. 1995. Crambidae (Crambinae, Schoenobiinae, Cybalomiinae, Linostinae, Glaphyriinae, Dichogaminae, Scopariinae, Musotiminae, Midilinae, Nymphulinae, Odontiinae, Evergestinae, Pyraustinae) (pp. 34 - 79). In: Heppner J. B., Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea 3. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera & Scientific Publishers, Gainesville." title="Crambidae (Crambinae, Schoenobiinae, Cybalomiinae, Linostinae, Glaphyriinae, Dichogaminae, Scopariinae, Musotiminae, Midilinae, Nymphulinae, Odontiinae, Evergestinae, Pyraustinae)" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera" year="1995">Munroe (1995: 55)</bibRefCitation>
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||
. –
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE05B415FEC5088CFD6306CA" accessDate="2012-05-29" author="Roque-Albelo L. & Landry B." box="[363,677,1253,1274]" editor="Bungartz F. & Herrera H. & Jaramillo P. & Tirado N. & Uzcategui G. & Ruiz D. & Guezou A. & Ziemmeck F." journalOrPublisher="Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" publicationUrl="http://www.darwinfoundation.org/datazone/checklists/terrestrialinvertebrates/Lastupdated" refId="ref13266" refString="Roque-Albelo L., Landry B. 2014. Lepidoptera. In: Bungartz F., Herrera H., Jaramillo P., Tirado N., Jimenez- Uzcategui G., Ruiz D., Guezou A. & Ziemmeck F. (eds.). Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos: http: // www. darwinfoundation. org / datazone / checklists / terrestrialinvertebrates / Last updated 29 May 2012." title="Lepidoptera" type="url" volumeTitle="Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin" year="2014">Roque-Albelo & Landry (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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. –
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE05B415FD6A088CFE9A0727" author="Nuss M. & Landry B. & Vegliante F. & Trankner A. & Mally R. & Hayden J. E. & Bauer F. & Segerer A. & Li H. & Schouten R. & Solis M. A. & Trofimova T. & De Prins J. & Speidel W." journalOrPublisher="www. pyraloidea. org" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" refId="ref13003" refString="Nuss M., Landry B., Vegliante F., Trankner A., Mally R., Hayden J. E., Bauer F., Segerer A., Li H., Schouten R., Solis M. A., Trofimova T., De Prins J., Speidel W. 2014. Global Information System on Pyraloidea. www. pyraloidea. org." title="Global Information System on Pyraloidea" type="book" year="2014">
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||
Nuss
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE05B415FF4D096AFECB0727" box="[227,269,1282,1304]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
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||
. (2014)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C311650BBE05B415FF390946FC5F0069" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB43680BE05B415FF390946FC5F0069" blockId="1.[151,757,1327,1858]" lastBlockId="1.[831,1437,258,601]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
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||
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE05B415FF390946FE420776" bold="true" box="[151,388,1327,1350]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Material examined:</emphasis>
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||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD09BE05B415FE3A0946FE150776" box="[404,467,1327,1350]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="male">16 ♂</specimenCount>
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||
(4 dissected),
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||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD09BE05B415FD200946FD0B0776" box="[654,717,1327,1350]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="female">34 ♀</specimenCount>
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||
(4 dissected) from the Galápagos. –
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||
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE05B415FD980927FD5A0755" box="[566,668,1358,1381]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Española</emphasis>
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||
: Bahía Manzanillo; Punta Suarez. –
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||
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE05B415FDB40907FD5D07B5" box="[538,667,1390,1413]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Fernandina</emphasis>
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||
: Cabo Douglas,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE05B415FEA909E7FE760795" box="[263,432,1422,1445]" degrees="00" direction="south" minutes="18.269" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-0.30448332">S 00° 18.269’</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE05B415FE6D09E7FDB10795" box="[451,631,1422,1445]" degrees="91" direction="west" minutes="39.098" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-91.651634">W 91° 39.098’</geoCoordinate>
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||
; SW side,
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||
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||
elev[ation].,
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE05B415FDA609C4FD6D07F4" box="[520,683,1453,1476]" degrees="91" direction="west" minutes="36.969" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-91.61615">W 91° 36.969’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; Punta Espinosa. –
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE05B415FEB209A4FEB807D4" box="[284,382,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Floreana</emphasis>
|
||
: close to Loberia,
|
||
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elev.,
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,
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||
; close to Las Palmas,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B65BE05B415FD050984FD320434" box="[683,756,1517,1540]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="154.0">154 m</quantity>
|
||
elev.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE05B415FF770A65FEB00413" box="[217,374,1548,1571]" degrees="01" direction="south" minutes="17.049" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-1.28415">S 01° 17.049’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE05B415FE2A0A65FDEA0413" box="[388,556,1548,1571]" degrees="90" direction="west" minutes="28.305" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-90.47175">W 90° 28.305’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; Punta Cormoran. –
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE05B415FF020A45FE6A0473" box="[172,428,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Gardner near Española</emphasis>
|
||
: NW side. –
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE05B415FD930A44FD600474" box="[573,678,1581,1604]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Genovesa</emphasis>
|
||
: Bahía Darwin. –
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE05B415FEB80A25FEA30453" box="[278,357,1612,1635]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Isabela</emphasis>
|
||
: Alcedo, lado NE, low arid zone, bosque palo santo; Alcedo, lado NE,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B65BE05B415FDFF0A05FD5A04B3" box="[593,668,1644,1667]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
||
[elev.], camp arida alta; Alcedo, NE slope,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B65BE05B415FD8A0AE2FDAD0492" box="[548,619,1675,1698]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.92" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="292.0">292 m</quantity>
|
||
elev.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE05B415FD180AE2FF2B04F2" degrees="00" direction="south" minutes="23.829" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-0.39715">S 00° 23.829’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE05B415FEAF0AC2FE7004F2" box="[257,438,1707,1730]" degrees="91" direction="west" minutes="01.957" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-91.032616">W 91° 01.957’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. –
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE05B415FE460AC2FD9004F2" box="[488,598,1707,1730]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Marchena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE05B415FE460AC2FD9004F2" box="[488,598,1707,1730]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Marchena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: [no specific locality]. –
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE05B415FE8F0AA5FDD404D2" authority=": Plaja Ibbeston" authorityName="Plaja Ibbeston" box="[289,530,1739,1763]" class="Insecta" genus="Pinta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE05B415FE8F0AA5FE9D04D3" box="[289,347,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Pinta</emphasis>
|
||
: Plaja Ibbeston
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[sic]; arid zone; ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B65BE05B415FF390A83FF140531" box="[151,210,1770,1793]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
|
||
elev. –
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE05B415FE9A0A82FEB90532" box="[308,383,1771,1794]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Pinzón</emphasis>
|
||
: Playa Escondida,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B65BE05B415FDF50A83FD500531" box="[603,662,1770,1793]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="14.0">14 m</quantity>
|
||
elev.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE05B415FD4B0A83FED00511" degrees="00" direction="south" minutes="35.928" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-0.5988">S 00° 35.928’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE05B415FEB00B63FE020511" box="[286,452,1802,1825]" degrees="90" direction="west" minutes="39.291" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-90.65485">W 90° 39.291’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. –
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE05B415FE490B63FD940512" box="[487,594,1802,1826]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Plaza Sur</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B65BE05B415FDCC0B63FD5D0511" box="[610,667,1802,1825]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
|
||
elev.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE05B415FD4B0B63FEDD0571" degrees="00" direction="south" minutes="34.980" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-0.583">S 00° 34.980’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE05B415FE870B43FE5B0571" box="[297,413,1834,1857]" degrees="09.990" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" precision="55" value="-9.99">W 09.990</geoCoordinate>
|
||
’. –
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE05B415FE680B43FDA90571" authority=": Tourist" authorityName="Tourist" box="[454,623,1834,1857]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ictaluridae" genus="Rabida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE05B415FE680B43FDD50571" box="[454,531,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Rábida</emphasis>
|
||
: Tourist
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
trail. –
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE05B415FD620B42FC630329" box="[716,933,258,1858]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7610BE05B415FD620B42FC630329" box="[716,933,258,1858]" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">San Cristóbal</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: P[uer]to Baquarizo [sic]; near Loberia, sea level,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE05B415FC2C0D4BFBD40309" box="[898,1042,290,313]" degrees="00" direction="south" minutes="55.277" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-0.92128336">S 00°55.277’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE05B415FBB00D4BFB070309" box="[1054,1217,290,313]" degrees="89" direction="west" minutes="36.909" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-89.61515">W 89° 36.909’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; near Loberia,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B65BE05B415FACB0D4BFA5B0309" box="[1381,1437,290,313]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="14.0">14 m</quantity>
|
||
elev.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE05B415FC2B0D28FBEC0368" box="[901,1066,321,344]" degrees="00" direction="south" minutes="55.149" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-0.91915">S 00° 55.149’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE05B415FB950D28FB2C0368" box="[1083,1258,321,344]" degrees="89" direction="west" minutes="36.897" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-89.61495">W 89° 36.897’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. –
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE05B415FAB80D2BFA52036A" box="[1302,1428,322,346]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Santa Cruz</emphasis>
|
||
: low agriculture zone,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE05B415FB940D08FB1A0348" box="[1082,1244,353,376]" degrees="00" direction="south" minutes="42.132" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-0.7022">S 00° 42.132’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE05B415FB450D08FA5E0348" box="[1259,1432,353,376]" degrees="90" direction="west" minutes="19.156" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-90.31927">W 90° 19.156’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; casa L. Roque-Albelo & V. Cruz,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B65BE05B415FB680DE8FAC803A8" box="[1222,1294,385,408]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="137.0">137 m</quantity>
|
||
elev.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE05B415FAF30DE8FC530388" degrees="00" direction="south" minutes="42.595" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-0.7099167">S 00° 42.595’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE05B415FC0B0DC8FB970388" box="[933,1105,417,440]" degrees="90" direction="west" minutes="19.196" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-90.31993">W 90° 19.196’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; transition zone, recently cut road,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE05B415FC260DA8FBF303E8" box="[904,1077,449,472]" degrees="00" direction="south" minutes="42.528" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-0.7088">S 00° 42.528’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE05B415FBE40DA8FAC703E8" box="[1098,1281,449,472]" degrees="90" direction="west" minutes="18.849" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-90.31415">W 90° 18.849’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. –
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE05B415FA9A0DABFC6A03C8" authority=": Cerro Inn" authorityName="Cerro Inn" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Santiago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE05B415FA9A0DABFA5203E9" box="[1332,1428,450,473]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Santiago</emphasis>
|
||
: Cerro Inn
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; La Bomba,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B65BE05B415FB940D88FBA003C8" box="[1082,1126,481,504]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
|
||
elev.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE05B415FB010D88FA8E03C8" box="[1199,1352,481,504]" degrees="00" direction="south" minutes="11.151" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-0.18585">S 00° 11.151’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE05B415FAFB0D88FC530029" degrees="90" direction="west" minutes="42.052" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-90.70087">W 90° 42.052’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. –
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE05B415FC150E6AFBA6002A" box="[955,1120,515,538]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Seymour Norte</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B65BE05B415FBDC0E6BFB6B0029" box="[1138,1197,514,537]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="17.0">17 m</quantity>
|
||
elev.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE05B415FB540E6BFA5E0029" box="[1274,1432,514,537]" degrees="00" direction="south" minutes="23.935" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-0.39891666">S 00° 23.935’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE05B415FC910E4BFC240009" box="[831,994,546,569]" degrees="90" direction="west" minutes="17.369" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-90.28948">W 90° 17.369’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. Deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE45BE05B415FBD00E4BFB170009" box="[1150,1233,546,569]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE45BE05B415FB720E4BFAE20009" box="[1244,1316,546,569]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rhcv-mdhf" name="Invertebrate Collection" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">CDRS</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE45BE05B415FA9E0E4BFAAF0009" box="[1328,1385,546,569]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">CNC</collectionCode>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE45BE05B415FC910E2BFC520069" box="[831,916,578,601]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C311650BBE05B415FC910E1BFA9E01BB" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43680BE05B415FC910E1BFA9E01BB" blockId="1.[831,1437,626,907]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE05B415FC910E1BFC7000B9" bold="true" box="[831,950,626,649]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
In the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CFF862BE05B415FBAA0E1BFBB100B9" box="[1028,1143,626,649]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
, this medium-sized species (
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B65BE05B415FCE90EFBFC710099" box="[839,951,658,681]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="17.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="14.0">14-20 mm</quantity>
|
||
wingspan) is unlike any other pyraloid moth by virtue of its grey colour and slightly darker faint pattern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A05BE05B415FC310EBAFC3800DA" box="[927,1022,723,746]" captionStart="Figs 1-8" captionStartId="1.[151,192,1910,1931]" captionText="Figs 1-8. Adults of Galápagos Pyraustinae. (1-3) Achyra eneanalis. (1) ♀, Floreana, Punta Cormoran, 21.iv.1992, MHNG. (2) ♂, Isabela, Alcedo, lado NE, 200 m, camp arida alta, 18.iv.2002, MHNG. (3) ♀, Fernandina, SW side, 352 m elev., 10.ii.2005, MHNG. (4-6) Neohelvibotys hoecki. (4) ♂ holotype, CNC. (5) ♀ paratype, Santa Cruz, Tortuga Res., W Sta Rosa, 6.ii.1989, CNC. (6) ♂ paratype, Isabela, Alcedo, lado NE, 700 m, camp guayabillos, 16.iv.2002, MHNG. (7, 8) Pyrausta panopealis. (7) ♂, Santa Cruz, Los Gemelos, 4.v.2002, MHNG. (8) ♀, Isabela, 3 km N Sto Tómas, Agr. zone, 8.iii.1989, CNC." pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Figs 1-3</figureCitation>
|
||
) that is sometimes obliterated. One unidentified
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE05B415FC7E0E9AFBAD013A" authority="Guenee" authorityName="Guenee" box="[976,1131,755,778]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Udea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE05B415FC7E0E9AFBCC013A" box="[976,1034,755,778]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Udea</emphasis>
|
||
Guenée
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (Spilomelinae) in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CFF862BE05B415FCC40F7AFC1D011A" box="[874,987,787,810]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
is similar in size and sometimes almost without apparent pattern on the forewing, but its colour is brown and the paler hindwing has a pair of dark brown dots at about 1/3 below costa and medially.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C311650BBE05B415FC910FCDFBC806ED" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43680BE05B415FC910FCDFBC806ED" blockId="1.[831,1437,932,1245]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE05B415FC910FCDFC66018B" bold="true" box="[831,928,932,955]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Biology:</emphasis>
|
||
One specimen from Fernandina (
|
||
<date id="FFB51040BE05B415FAE20FCDFA5E018B" box="[1356,1432,932,955]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" value="1975-05">v.1975</date>
|
||
, G. M. Wellington, BMNH) was reared on ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE05B415FA900FADFC4C01CD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cacabus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="miersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE05B415FA900FADFC4C01CD" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Cacabus miersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE05B415FC0D0F8DFBE401CB" box="[931,1058,996,1019]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The name of this plant taxon is now
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE05B415FCDB086CFB8E062D" box="[885,1096,1029,1053]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Exodeconus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="miersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE05B415FCDB086CFB8E062D" box="[885,1096,1029,1053]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Exodeconus miersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hook.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE05B415FB0C086CFB6F062C" box="[1186,1193,1029,1052]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">f</emphasis>
|
||
.) D’Arcy. Widespread and endemic in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CFF862BE05B415FB8E084CFB52060C" box="[1056,1172,1061,1084]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
, it is recorded on more than 13 islands of the archipelago in the coastal zone to the arid lowlands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE05B415FB9E080CFB2B064C" author="McMullen C. K." bookContentInfo="370 pp." box="[1072,1261,1125,1148]" journalOrPublisher="Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" refId="ref12740" refString="McMullen C. K. 1999. Flowering plants of the Galapagos. Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, XIV + 370 pp." title="Flowering plants of the Galapagos" type="book" year="1999">McMullen, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Jaramillo Díaz & Guézou, 2014). Moths have been collected between February and May, mostly near sea level, but also up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B65BE05B415FC9108AFFC4506ED" box="[831,899,1222,1245]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.52" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="352.0">352 m</quantity>
|
||
in elevation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C311650BBE05B415FC91089FFBDE043F" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43680BE05B415FC91089FFBDE043F" blockId="1.[831,1437,1270,1551]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE05B415FC91089FFC12073D" bold="true" box="[831,980,1270,1293]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
This species is a widespread endemic to the Galápagos Islands. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08822BE05B415FBC6097FFB50071D" box="[1128,1174,1302,1325]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality is Conway Bay, Santa Cruz Island.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE05B415FBB7095FFB71077D" author="Schaus W." bookContentInfo="2 pls." box="[1049,1207,1334,1357]" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" pagination="22 - 48" part="5" refId="ref13368" refString="Schaus W. 1923. Galapagos Heterocera with descriptions of new species. Zoologica 5 (2): 22 - 48, 2 pls." title="Galapagos Heterocera with descriptions of new species" type="book chapter" year="1923">Schaus (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also reports it from South Seymour Island, nowadays more widely known as Baltra, and Tower, now Genovesa. I have examined or collected specimens from Española, Fernandina, Floreana, Genovesa, Isabela,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE05B415FB2809D1FBC507DF" authority=", Pinta, Pinzon, Plaza Sur, Rabida" authorityName="Pinta, Pinzon, Plaza Sur, Rabida" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Marchena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Marchena, Pinta, Pinzón, Plaza Sur, Rábida</taxonomicName>
|
||
, San Cristóbal, Santa Cruz,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE05B415FA9609B1FA5E07DF" box="[1336,1432,1496,1519]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Santiago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Santiago</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and Seymour Norte.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C311650BBE05B417FC910A41FD910309" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43680BE05B417FC910A41FD910309" blockId="1.[831,1437,1576,1857]" lastBlockId="3.[151,756,258,313]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE05B415FC910A41FC74040F" bold="true" box="[831,946,1576,1599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The original description did not take genitalia into account and the moth was illustrated in black and white.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE05B415FB990A01FB14044F" author="Capps H. W." bookContentInfo="7 pls." box="[1079,1234,1640,1663]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Washington" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 75" part="120" refId="ref12298" refString="Capps H. W. 1967. Review of some species of Loxostege Hubner and descriptions of new species (Lepidoptera, Pyraustidae: Pyraustinae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Washington 120 (3561): 1 - 75, 7 pls." title="Review of some species of Loxostege Hubner and descriptions of new species (Lepidoptera, Pyraustidae: Pyraustinae)" type="book chapter" year="1967">Capps (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
added details to the external morphology description, described and illustrated the genitalia, and provided a black and white photograph of the moth. The male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08822BE05B415FB180AA0FAD504D0" box="[1206,1299,1737,1760]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
deposited in the USNM (genitalia slide n° 107,347) was studied; the male genitalia of my specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A05BE05B415FB0C0B63FB340511" box="[1186,1266,1802,1825]" captionStart="Figs 17-19" captionStartId="8.[151,192,1870,1891]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,264,1788]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,254,1802]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 17-19. Male genitalia of Galápagos Pyraustinae, a and b always from same slide, but not to scale, a showing the genitalia without phallus and b, the phallus. (17) Achyra eneanalis: slide MHNG ENTO 8616, Fernandina. (18) Neohelvibotys hoecki paratype: slide MHNG ENTO 8610, Santa Cruz. (19) Pyrausta panopealis; slide CNC PYR 373, Santa Cruz. bss: basal spine of sacculus; c: clasper; hps: hump-like process of sacculus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10823440" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10823440/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Figs 17</figureCitation>
|
||
a-b) correspond perfectly although there is some apparent variation in the disposition and number of cornuti, but the vesica in its devaginated state was not investigated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |