treatments-xml/data/03/A2/87/03A28796BE02B413FC060EF9FA860369.xml

<document id="E0B7311C8B2793702A97271B587E4031" ID-CLB-Dataset="24931" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.14577" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b4b77777-50c4-4598-b55d-313a5141d3ba" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14577" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1573204818619" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Landry, Bernard" docDate="2015" docId="03A28796BE02B413FC060EF9FA860369" docLanguage="en" docName="55_70_Landry.pdf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 122 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B.2:RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Pyrausta panopealis" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="FF9BFFEEBE04B414FFAE0C69FFC60230" masterDocTitle="The Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae s. l.) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="55" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1710553212895" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="DA2014FF40EBD533C1D500FC1F868E4C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="D15041436D2C35E0A848F7BBEF783BA2">
<mods:title id="4F1BC1D4A02AAEF106D0CCB1C43B6635">The Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae s. l.) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="B630BA156FAAD72A1D8A682FB2EAC1CE" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2A8D250DDE25A9358263B988406F587C">
<mods:roleTerm id="656115C08ACC1FD0362806612BF1A2A5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3979ECE916E6A6EB2556E9601FB951B8">Landry, Bernard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="20B998B57B5032504242933BAD62CDA2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="07463A2FDF1283A7C66A5CACF4927291" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="AD657B7DDE61CB0951015AE7557811B8">
<mods:title id="6528793117795655890A73879AD81511">Revue suisse de Zoologie</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="A5786032411F7505A18F60071967EB50">
<mods:date id="E814C90C04CC0F489ECA2C4D5CAF0E8F">2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="8C8268B754BEB0858353FEDB1BD30D5A" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="0632E610FC74EE989CA264995ACF7B2A">2015-03-31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="702382A0B856286FFE74ED61CF2D9273" type="volume">
<mods:number id="BCDFCC69378D8FD4DCF3A1BAD92E9FD7">122</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="1DA9BDD0094C5389DD9CBD64A4F0031E" type="issue">
<mods:number id="E81E87ED9D088809A74E25A65110B007">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="35AFC2C32B691E8BF20045854AC59E14" unit="page">
<mods:start id="B4A7E62F93EFD31F16FD5551698083DF">55</mods:start>
<mods:end id="A6C1BD9BF98E7C03AAAE962EB68A8FA4">70</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="D561FFB82ECA8D84F950B58637278C01">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="580352D2D00AF70D581C5F87823D0528" type="CLB-Dataset">24931</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6573CD7A412FB7321CB5032B64878FEF" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.14577</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0CDE72A7A1A1A5E1B4FDED5258CB4991" type="GBIF-Dataset">b4b77777-50c4-4598-b55d-313a5141d3ba</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9FD03F783070FD04C9892BFE23A003FD" type="ISSN">0035-418</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CAAD2042882619368D5C1DC074C25805" type="Zenodo-Dep">14577</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D544899E906FC5625DB52CC609F203D9" type="ZooBank">1203AE7F-04A4-4E6A-85F6-4807023F7509</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03A28796BE02B413FC060EF9FA860369" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6122078" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160218161" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6122078" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A28796BE02B413FC060EF9FA860369" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A28796BE02B413FC060EF9FA860369" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<subSubSection id="C311650BBE02B412FC060EF9FAF50098" box="[936,1331,656,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB43680BE02B412FC060EF9FAF50098" blockId="6.[936,1331,656,712]" box="[936,1331,656,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<heading id="D0FC81ECBE02B412FC060EF9FAF50098" bold="true" box="[936,1331,656,680]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE02B412FC060EF9FAF50098" ID-CoL="4QQWV" authority="(Walker, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[936,1331,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pyrausta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panopealis">
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE02B412FC060EF9FAF50098" bold="true" box="[936,1331,656,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE02B412FC060EF9FB410098" bold="true" box="[936,1159,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Pyrausta panopealis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE02B412FB3B0EF8FAEB0098" author="Walker F." box="[1173,1325,657,680]" journalOrPublisher="List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, London" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" pagination="255 - 508" part="17" refId="ref13563" refString="Walker F. 1859. Pyralides. List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, London 17: 255 - 508." title="Pyralides" type="journal article" year="1859">Walker, 1859</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C311650BBE02B412FBA90ED8FB1000F8" box="[1031,1238,689,712]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB43680BE02B412FBA90ED8FB1000F8" blockId="6.[936,1331,656,712]" box="[1031,1238,689,712]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<figureCitation id="13302A05BE02B412FBA90ED8FBA300F8" box="[1031,1125,689,712]" captionStart="Figs 1-8" captionStartId="1.[151,192,1910,1931]" captionText="Figs 1-8. Adults of Galápagos Pyraustinae. (1-3) Achyra eneanalis. (1) ♀, Floreana, Punta Cormoran, 21.iv.1992, MHNG. (2) ♂, Isabela, Alcedo, lado NE, 200 m, camp arida alta, 18.iv.2002, MHNG. (3) ♀, Fernandina, SW side, 352 m elev., 10.ii.2005, MHNG. (4-6) Neohelvibotys hoecki. (4) ♂ holotype, CNC. (5) ♀ paratype, Santa Cruz, Tortuga Res., W Sta Rosa, 6.ii.1989, CNC. (6) ♂ paratype, Isabela, Alcedo, lado NE, 700 m, camp guayabillos, 16.iv.2002, MHNG. (7, 8) Pyrausta panopealis. (7) ♂, Santa Cruz, Los Gemelos, 4.v.2002, MHNG. (8) ♀, Isabela, 3 km N Sto Tómas, Agr. zone, 8.iii.1989, CNC." pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Figs 7, 8</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13302A05BE02B412FBDE0ED8FB4C00F8" box="[1136,1162,689,712]" captionStart="Figs 17-19" captionStartId="8.[151,192,1870,1891]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,264,1788]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,254,1802]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 17-19. Male genitalia of Galápagos Pyraustinae, a and b always from same slide, but not to scale, a showing the genitalia without phallus and b, the phallus. (17) Achyra eneanalis: slide MHNG ENTO 8616, Fernandina. (18) Neohelvibotys hoecki paratype: slide MHNG ENTO 8610, Santa Cruz. (19) Pyrausta panopealis; slide CNC PYR 373, Santa Cruz. bss: basal spine of sacculus; c: clasper; hps: hump-like process of sacculus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10823440" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10823440/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">19</figureCitation>
a-b, 24
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C311650BBE02B412FC910EB7FBCE018D" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB43680BE02B412FC910EB7FB0100C3" blockId="6.[831,1437,734,958]" box="[831,1223,734,755]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE02B412FC910EB7FB0500C3" ID-CoL="987QN" authority="Walker, 1859: 318" authorityName="Walker" authorityPageNumber="318" authorityYear="1859" box="[831,1219,734,755]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Rhodaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panopealis">
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE02B412FC910EB7FBCF00C3" box="[831,1033,734,755]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Rhodaria panopealis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE02B412FBA10EB7FB0500C3" author="Walker F." box="[1039,1219,734,755]" journalOrPublisher="List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, London" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" pagination="255 - 508" part="17" refId="ref13563" refString="Walker F. 1859. Pyralides. List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, London 17: 255 - 508." title="Pyralides" type="journal article" year="1859">Walker, 1859: 318</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB43680BE02B412FC910E95FBCE018D" blockId="6.[831,1437,734,958]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE02B412FC910E95FB900120" ID-CoL="4QQWV" authority="Walker." authorityName="Walker." box="[831,1110,763,785]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pyrausta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panopealis">
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE02B412FC910E95FBC30120" box="[831,1029,763,785]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Pyrausta panopealis</emphasis>
Walker.
</taxonomicName>
– 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE02B412FBC30E92FAEE0120" author="Munroe E. G." box="[1133,1320,763,784]" editor="Dominick R. B." journalOrPublisher="E. W. Classey Ltd. and The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" refId="ref12766" refString="Munroe E. G. 1976. Pyraloidea Pyralidae comprising the subfamily Pyraustinae tribe Pyraustini (part 1) [pp. 1 - 78, pls 1 - 4, A-H; (conclusion); pp. 79 - 150, pls 5 - 9, J-U, pp. xiiixvii]. In: Dominick R. B. et al., The Moths of America north of Mexico 13.2 A &amp; 13.2 B. E. W. Classey Ltd. and The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London." title="Pyraloidea Pyralidae comprising the subfamily Pyraustinae tribe Pyraustini (part 1)" type="book" volumeTitle="The Moths of America north of Mexico 13.2 A &amp; 13.2 B" year="1976">
Munroe (
<date id="FFB51040BE02B412FB690E92FB3D0120" box="[1223,1275,763,784]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" value="1976">1976</date>
: 111
</bibRefCitation>
, 112, not illustrated). – 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE02B412FBAF0F71FB72011D" author="Munroe E. G." box="[1025,1204,792,813]" editor="Hodges R. W." journalOrPublisher="E. W. Classey Ltd. and the Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" pagination="78 - 85" refId="ref12861" refString="Munroe E. G. 1983. Pyralidae (except Crambinae) (pp. 67 - 76, 78 - 85). In: Hodges R. W. et al., Check List of the Lepidoptera of America north of Mexico including Greenland. E. W. Classey Ltd. and the Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London." title="Pyralidae (except Crambinae)" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Check List of the Lepidoptera of America north of Mexico including Greenland" year="1983">Munroe (1983: 71)</bibRefCitation>
– 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE02B412FB640F71FC77017A" author="Robinson G. S. &amp; Tuck K. R. &amp; Shaffer M." bookContentInfo="309 pp" journalOrPublisher="The Natural History Museum &amp; Malaysian Nature Society. Kuala Lumpur" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" refId="ref13229" refString="Robinson G. S., Tuck K. R., Shaffer M. 1994. Smaller moths of South-East Asia. The Natural History Museum &amp; Malaysian Nature Society. Kuala Lumpur. 309 pp" title="Smaller moths of South-East Asia" type="book" year="1994">
Robinson 
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE02B412FA840F70FA9C011D" box="[1322,1370,792,814]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
(1994: 179
</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 29 fig. 19). – 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE02B412FBF20F5CFA94017A" author="Shaffer M. &amp; Nielsen E. S. &amp; Horak M." box="[1116,1362,821,843]" editor="Nielsen E. S. &amp; Edwards E. D. &amp; Rangsi T. V." journalOrPublisher="Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" pagination="164 - 199" part="4" refId="ref13445" refString="Shaffer M., Nielsen E. S., Horak M. 1996. Pyralidae (pp. 164 - 199). In: Nielsen E. S., Edwards E. D. &amp; Rangsi T. V. (Eds). Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Australia. In: E. S. Nielsen (Ed.), Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera 4. CSIRO Division of Entomology, Canberra." title="Pyralidae" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Australia. In: E. S. Nielsen" year="1996">
Shaffer 
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE02B412FB060F5FFB1F017A" box="[1192,1241,821,843]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
(1996: 189)
</bibRefCitation>
. – 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE02B412FAC00F5CFB870156" author="Peck S. B. &amp; Heraty J. &amp; Landry B. &amp; Sinclair B. J." journalOrPublisher="American Entomologist" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" pagination="218 - 237" part="44" refId="ref13100" refString="Peck S. B., Heraty J., Landry B., Sinclair B. J. 1998. Introduced insect fauna of an oceanic archipelago: The Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. American Entomologist 44: 218 - 237." title="Introduced insect fauna of an oceanic archipelago: The Galapagos Islands, Ecuador" type="journal article" year="1998">
Peck 
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE02B412FC250F3AFC060156" box="[907,960,849,872]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
(1998: 227)
</bibRefCitation>
. – 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE02B412FBCA0F38FAE00156" author="Munroe E. G." box="[1124,1318,849,870]" editor="Heppner J. B." journalOrPublisher="Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" pagination="34 - 79" part="3" refId="ref12925" refString="Munroe E. G. 1995. Crambidae (Crambinae, Schoenobiinae, Cybalomiinae, Linostinae, Glaphyriinae, Dichogaminae, Scopariinae, Musotiminae, Midilinae, Nymphulinae, Odontiinae, Evergestinae, Pyraustinae) (pp. 34 - 79). In: Heppner J. B., Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea 3. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera &amp; Scientific Publishers, Gainesville." title="Crambidae (Crambinae, Schoenobiinae, Cybalomiinae, Linostinae, Glaphyriinae, Dichogaminae, Scopariinae, Musotiminae, Midilinae, Nymphulinae, Odontiinae, Evergestinae, Pyraustinae)" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera" year="1995">Munroe (1995: 57)</bibRefCitation>
. – 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE02B412FAE40F38FC3901B3" author="Heppner J. B." bookContentInfo="670 pp." journalOrPublisher="Arthropods of Florida and neighbouring land areas 17" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" refId="ref12449" refString="Heppner J. B. 2003. Lepidoptera of Florida. Part 1. Introduction and catalog. Arthropods of Florida and neighbouring land areas 17: 670 pp." title="Lepidoptera of Florida. Part 1. Introduction and catalog" type="book" year="2003">Heppner (2003: 275)</bibRefCitation>
. – 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE02B412FBB50F07FADC01B3" author="Causton C. E. &amp; Peck S. B. &amp; Sinclair B. J. &amp; Roque-Albelo L. &amp; Hodgson C. J. &amp; Landry B." box="[1051,1306,878,901]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" pagination="121 - 143" part="99" refId="ref12346" refString="Causton C. E., Peck S. B., Sinclair B. J., Roque-Albelo L., Hodgson C. J., Landry B. 2006. Alien Insects: Threats and Implications for Conservation of Galapagos Islands. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 99: 121 - 143." title="Alien Insects: Threats and Implications for Conservation of Galapagos Islands" type="journal article" year="2006">
Causton 
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE02B412FBDE0F19FB6701B3" box="[1136,1185,878,901]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
(2006: 141)
</bibRefCitation>
. – Roque-Albelo &amp; Landry (2012). – 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE02B412FBD50FE2FAEF0190" author="Nuss M. &amp; Landry B. &amp; Vegliante F. &amp; Trankner A. &amp; Mally R. &amp; Hayden J. E. &amp; Bauer F. &amp; Segerer A. &amp; Li H. &amp; Schouten R. &amp; Solis M. A. &amp; Trofimova T. &amp; De Prins J. &amp; Speidel W." box="[1147,1321,907,929]" journalOrPublisher="www. pyraloidea. org" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" refId="ref13003" refString="Nuss M., Landry B., Vegliante F., Trankner A., Mally R., Hayden J. E., Bauer F., Segerer A., Li H., Schouten R., Solis M. A., Trofimova T., De Prins J., Speidel W. 2014. Global Information System on Pyraloidea. www. pyraloidea. org." title="Global Information System on Pyraloidea" type="book" year="2014">
Nuss 
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE02B412FB1E0FE5FB270190" box="[1200,1249,907,929]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
. – 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE02B412FAED0FE2FBC2018D" author="Patterson B." pageId="6" pageNumber="61" publicationUrl="http://mothphotographersgroup.msstate.edu" refId="ref13077" refString="Patterson B. et al. 2014. North American Moth Photographers Group. http: // mothphotographersgroup. msstate. edu." title="North American Moth Photographers Group" type="url" year="2014">
Patterson 
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE02B412FC250FC0FC7A018D" box="[907,956,936,958]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C311650BBE02B413FC910FBCFE410369" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB43680BE02B412FC910FBCFA5A079C" blockId="6.[831,1437,981,1452]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE02B412FC910FBCFBF501DC" bold="true" box="[831,1075,981,1004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Material examined:</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD09BE02B412FBE60FBCFB4B01DC" box="[1096,1165,981,1004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="male">14 ♂</specimenCount>
(4 dissected), 
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD09BE02B412FAF60FBCFA5A01DC" box="[1368,1436,981,1004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="female">16 ♀</specimenCount>
(3 dissected). – 
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE02B412FBA50F9CFB9D063C" box="[1035,1115,1013,1036]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<collectingRegion id="49CFF862BE02B412FBA50F9CFB9D063C" box="[1035,1115,1013,1036]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Isabela" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Isabela</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 
<quantity id="4CF39B65BE02B412FBDA0F9CFB73063C" box="[1140,1205,1013,1036]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE45BE02B412FB680F9CFB1F063C" box="[1222,1241,1013,1036]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE45BE02B412FB450F9CFB3F063C" box="[1259,1273,1013,1036]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
[an]to Tómas, Agriculture zone; 
<quantity id="4CF39B65BE02B412FBB4087CFBA1061C" box="[1050,1127,1045,1068]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE45BE02B412FBD7087CFB4A061C" box="[1145,1164,1045,1068]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE45BE02B412FB33087CFB6B061C" box="[1181,1197,1045,1068]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[uer]to Villamil; 
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE45BE02B412FAD7087CFA5B061C" box="[1401,1437,1045,1068]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14575" name="University of New England" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="Herbarium">NE</collectionCode>
slope Alcedo, near shore, GPS: elev[ation]. 
<quantity id="4CF39B65BE02B412FAE9085CFABC067C" box="[1351,1402,1077,1100]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="9.0">9 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE02B412FA23085CFC7D065C" degrees="00" direction="south" minutes="23.619" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" precision="1" value="-0.39365">S 00°23.619’</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE02B412FC62083CFBBD065C" box="[972,1147,1109,1132]" degrees="90" direction="west" minutes="59.715" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" precision="1" value="-90.99525">
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE45BE02B412FC62083CFC23065C" box="[972,997,1109,1132]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
90° 59.715’
</geoCoordinate>
; NE slope Alcedo, GPS: elev. 
<quantity id="4CF39B65BE02B412FCD6081CFC7B06BC" box="[888,957,1141,1164]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.92" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="292.0">292 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE02B412FC67081CFB9906BC" box="[969,1119,1141,1164]" degrees="00" direction="south" minutes="23.829" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" precision="1" value="-0.39715">
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE45BE02B412FC67081CFC1E06BC" box="[969,984,1141,1164]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
00° 23.829’
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE02B412FBC7081CFACC06BC" box="[1129,1290,1141,1164]" degrees="91" direction="west" minutes="01.957" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" precision="1" value="-91.032616">W 91° 01.957’</geoCoordinate>
; Alcedo, lado NE, camp arida alta, 
<quantity id="4CF39B65BE02B412FB8108FCFBB1069C" box="[1071,1143,1173,1196]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
[elev.]; V[olcan]. Darwin, 
<quantity id="4CF39B65BE02B412FC9108DCFC4006FC" box="[831,902,1205,1228]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
elev. – 
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE02B412FC4D08DFFB9B06FD" box="[995,1117,1206,1229]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<collectingRegion id="49CFF862BE02B412FC4D08DFFB9B06FD" box="[995,1117,1206,1229]" country="Argentina" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 
<quantity id="4CF39B65BE02B412FBC008DCFB6E06FC" box="[1134,1192,1205,1228]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
N Puerto Ayora; casa L. Roque-Albelo &amp; V. Cruz, GPS: 
<quantity id="4CF39B65BE02B412FB6408BCFAD706DC" box="[1226,1297,1237,1260]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="137.0">137 m</quantity>
elev., 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE02B412FAF008BCFC53073C" degrees="00" direction="south" minutes="42.595" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" precision="1" value="-0.7099167">S 00° 42.595’</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE02B412FC0B089CFB97073C" box="[933,1105,1269,1292]" degrees="90" direction="west" minutes="19.196" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" precision="1" value="-90.31993">W 90° 19.196’</geoCoordinate>
; transition zone, recently cut road, GPS: 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE02B412FC13097CFB92071C" box="[957,1108,1301,1324]" degrees="00" direction="south" minutes="42.528" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" precision="1" value="-0.7088">S 00° 42.528’</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE02B412FBF1097CFAC7071C" box="[1119,1281,1301,1324]" degrees="90" direction="west" minutes="18.849" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" precision="1" value="-90.31415">W 90° 18.849’</geoCoordinate>
, [reared] from 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE02B412FC91095EFC33077C" box="[831,1013,1333,1358]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Hyptis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sidaefolia">
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE02B412FC91095EFC33077C" box="[831,1013,1333,1358]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Hyptis sidaefolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaves; low agriculture zone, GPS: 00° 42.132’, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE02B412FC0D093CFB8D075C" box="[931,1099,1365,1388]" degrees="90" direction="west" minutes="19.156" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" precision="1" value="-90.31927">W 90° 19.156’</geoCoordinate>
; Finca Vilema, 
<quantity id="4CF39B65BE02B412FB53093CFAF1075C" box="[1277,1335,1365,1388]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
W Bella Vista; Los Gemelos. – 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE02B412FBEB091FFB6207BD" box="[1093,1188,1398,1421]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Santiago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE02B412FBEB091FFB6207BD" box="[1093,1188,1398,1421]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Santiago</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: N side, GPS: 
<quantity id="4CF39B65BE02B412FAFA091CFA5A07BC" box="[1364,1436,1397,1420]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.37" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="437.0">437 m</quantity>
elev., 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE02B412FC2C09FCFBD8079C" box="[898,1054,1429,1452]" degrees="00" direction="south" minutes="13.316" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" precision="1" value="-0.22193334">S 00° 13.316’</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5047BE02B412FB8209FCFB12079C" box="[1068,1236,1429,1452]" degrees="90" direction="west" minutes="43.808" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" precision="1" value="-90.73013">W 90° 43.808’</geoCoordinate>
; Cerro Inn; Bahía
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB43680BE03B413FF390D6BFE410369" blockId="7.[151,756,258,345]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
Espumilla; 
<quantity id="4CF39B65BE03B413FEBD0D6BFE9E0329" box="[275,344,258,281]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
elev.; Aguacate, 
<quantity id="4CF39B65BE03B413FDBC0D6BFD910329" box="[530,599,258,281]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="520.0">520 m</quantity>
elev.; Central, 
<quantity id="4CF39B65BE03B413FF390D4BFF270309" box="[151,225,290,313]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
elev.; Jaboncillo, ± 
<quantity id="4CF39B65BE03B413FE7F0D4BFDDD0309" box="[465,539,290,313]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</quantity>
elev. Deposited in 
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE45BE03B413FF390D2BFF190369" box="[151,223,322,345]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rhcv-mdhf" name="Invertebrate Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">CDRS</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE45BE03B413FF440D2BFEE50369" box="[234,291,322,345]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">CNC</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE45BE03B413FE800D2BFE450369" box="[302,387,322,345]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C311650BBE03B413FF390D18FE90017A" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB43680BE03B413FF390D18FE90017A" blockId="7.[151,756,369,842]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE03B413FF390D18FEC803B8" bold="true" box="[151,270,369,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
In the 
<collectingRegion id="49CFF862BE03B413FEF50D18FE0A03B8" box="[347,460,369,392]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
this small species can only be confused with 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE03B413FEF00DFAFDD90399" authority="Landry, 2015" authorityName="Landry" authorityYear="2015" box="[350,543,402,426]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pyrausta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE03B413FEF00DFAFDD90399" box="[350,543,402,426]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Pyrausta insolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24C57E9BE03B413FD870DFBFDA10399" box="[553,615,402,425]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, but the key above will separate specimens of these two. Outside of 
<collectingRegion id="49CFF862BE03B413FF170DBBFEEC03D9" box="[185,298,466,489]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
the species is most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE03B413FD3D0DBAFE4C0039" authority="(Hubner)" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pyrausta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoenicealis">
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE03B413FD3D0DBAFED80039" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Pyrausta phoenicealis</emphasis>
(Hübner)
</taxonomicName>
, but on average smaller (
<quantity id="4CF39B65BE03B413FD300D9BFD350039" box="[670,755,498,521]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6-7 mm</quantity>
in forewing length), with wings lighter, more thinly scaled, the forewing with dark areas redder and light areas yellower, the hindwing lighter and not as red as the forewing, with the pale areas weakly contrasting and without a fulvous patch at base, the fringes with the basal parts yellow or with a few reddish scales and distal parts whitish, etc. (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE03B413FE140EBAFD9800DA" author="Munroe E. G." box="[442,606,723,746]" editor="Dominick R. B." journalOrPublisher="E. W. Classey Ltd. and The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" refId="ref12766" refString="Munroe E. G. 1976. Pyraloidea Pyralidae comprising the subfamily Pyraustinae tribe Pyraustini (part 1) [pp. 1 - 78, pls 1 - 4, A-H; (conclusion); pp. 79 - 150, pls 5 - 9, J-U, pp. xiiixvii]. In: Dominick R. B. et al., The Moths of America north of Mexico 13.2 A &amp; 13.2 B. E. W. Classey Ltd. and The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London." title="Pyraloidea Pyralidae comprising the subfamily Pyraustinae tribe Pyraustini (part 1)" type="book" volumeTitle="The Moths of America north of Mexico 13.2 A &amp; 13.2 B" year="1976">Munroe, 1976</bibRefCitation>
). The female hindwing is generally darker than that of the male because the lighter orange markings are smaller than those of the male.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C311650BBE03B413FF390F0AFD9C066A" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BB43680BE03B413FF390F0AFD9C066A" blockId="7.[151,757,867,1114]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE03B413FF390F0AFF3E014A" bold="true" box="[151,248,867,890]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Biology:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE03B413FEA70F0DFD7E014A" authority="Jacquin" authorityName="Jacquin" box="[265,696,867,891]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Hyptis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capitata">
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE03B413FEA70F0DFE7D014B" box="[265,443,868,891]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Hyptis capitata</emphasis>
Jacquin (Lamiaceae)
</taxonomicName>
was reported as a host plant in 
<collectingCountry id="F31C7610BE03B413FE110FEAFDF901AA" box="[447,575,899,922]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE03B413FDFE0FEAFD2B01AA" author="Munroe E. G." box="[592,749,899,922]" editor="Dominick R. B." journalOrPublisher="E. W. Classey Ltd. and The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" refId="ref12766" refString="Munroe E. G. 1976. Pyraloidea Pyralidae comprising the subfamily Pyraustinae tribe Pyraustini (part 1) [pp. 1 - 78, pls 1 - 4, A-H; (conclusion); pp. 79 - 150, pls 5 - 9, J-U, pp. xiiixvii]. In: Dominick R. B. et al., The Moths of America north of Mexico 13.2 A &amp; 13.2 B. E. W. Classey Ltd. and The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London." title="Pyraloidea Pyralidae comprising the subfamily Pyraustinae tribe Pyraustini (part 1)" type="book" volumeTitle="The Moths of America north of Mexico 13.2 A &amp; 13.2 B" year="1976">Munroe, 1976</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE03B413FF6B0FCAFDDC018A" authority="Shinners" authorityName="Shinners" box="[197,538,931,954]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Dicerandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frutescens">
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE03B413FF6B0FCAFE73018A" box="[197,437,931,954]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Dicerandra frutescens</emphasis>
Shinners
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE03B413FDE10FCDFEB001EA" authority="Jacquin" authorityName="Jacquin" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Hyptis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capitata">
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE03B413FDE10FCDFD32018B" box="[591,756,932,955]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Hyptis capitata</emphasis>
Jacquin (Lamiaceae)
</taxonomicName>
in Florida (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE03B413FE560FAAFD5B01EA" author="Heppner J. B." bookContentInfo="670 pp." box="[504,669,963,986]" journalOrPublisher="Arthropods of Florida and neighbouring land areas 17" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" refId="ref12449" refString="Heppner J. B. 2003. Lepidoptera of Florida. Part 1. Introduction and catalog. Arthropods of Florida and neighbouring land areas 17: 670 pp." title="Lepidoptera of Florida. Part 1. Introduction and catalog" type="book" year="2003">Heppner, 2003</bibRefCitation>
). I have reared specimens from 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE03B413FE350F8DFEDA062A" authority="(L'Her.) Briq." authorityName="Briq." baseAuthorityName="L'Her." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Hyptis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sidaefolia">
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE03B413FE350F8DFD9201CA" box="[411,596,995,1019]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Hyptis sidaefolia</emphasis>
(L’Hér.) Briq. (Lamiaceae)
</taxonomicName>
leaves on Santa Cruz Island. The moths are attracted to light and have been collected between the coastal zone and up to 
<quantity id="4CF39B65BE03B413FE25082AFE09066A" box="[395,463,1091,1114]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</quantity>
in elevation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C311650BBE03B413FF39081AFEE007BB" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB43680BE03B413FF39081AFEE007BB" blockId="7.[151,757,1139,1419]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE03B413FF39081AFEE906BA" bold="true" box="[151,303,1139,1162]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Distribution:</emphasis>
Described from 
<collectingCountry id="F31C7610BE03B413FDA0081AFD9406BA" box="[526,594,1139,1162]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">China</collectingCountry>
, this species is widespread in the tropics of the world (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE03B413FD3808FAFF1706FA" author="Munroe E. G." editor="Dominick R. B." journalOrPublisher="E. W. Classey Ltd. and The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" refId="ref12766" refString="Munroe E. G. 1976. Pyraloidea Pyralidae comprising the subfamily Pyraustinae tribe Pyraustini (part 1) [pp. 1 - 78, pls 1 - 4, A-H; (conclusion); pp. 79 - 150, pls 5 - 9, J-U, pp. xiiixvii]. In: Dominick R. B. et al., The Moths of America north of Mexico 13.2 A &amp; 13.2 B. E. W. Classey Ltd. and The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London." title="Pyraloidea Pyralidae comprising the subfamily Pyraustinae tribe Pyraustini (part 1)" type="book" volumeTitle="The Moths of America north of Mexico 13.2 A &amp; 13.2 B" year="1976">Munroe, 1976</bibRefCitation>
). In the Galápagos I have collected specimens on the islands of Isabela, Santa Cruz, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE03B413FD2108BAFD3706DA" box="[655,753,1235,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Santiago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Santiago</taxonomicName>
. One specimen in the CDRS with a label stating ‘41’ was associated with catalogue data stating ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE03B413FD3D097CFED8077B" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pyrausta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoenicealis">
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE03B413FD3D097CFED8077B" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Pyrausta phoenicealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Santa Cruz, Fernandina, Isabela, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE03B413FD3E095DFEC0075B" authority=", Transition" authorityName="Transition" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Santiago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Santiago, Transition</taxonomicName>
to humid zones, Feb[ruary]., June, July, Dec[ember].’
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C311650BBE03B413FF3909CAFA860369" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB43680BE03B413FF3909CAFA860369" blockId="7.[151,756,1443,2077]" lastBlockId="7.[832,1437,258,347]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE03B413FF3909CAFECC078A" bold="true" box="[151,266,1443,1466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Remarks:</emphasis>
For the full synonymy pertaining to this taxon see 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE03B413FEE009AAFE3007EA" author="Munroe E. G." box="[334,502,1475,1498]" editor="Dominick R. B." journalOrPublisher="E. W. Classey Ltd. and The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" refId="ref12766" refString="Munroe E. G. 1976. Pyraloidea Pyralidae comprising the subfamily Pyraustinae tribe Pyraustini (part 1) [pp. 1 - 78, pls 1 - 4, A-H; (conclusion); pp. 79 - 150, pls 5 - 9, J-U, pp. xiiixvii]. In: Dominick R. B. et al., The Moths of America north of Mexico 13.2 A &amp; 13.2 B. E. W. Classey Ltd. and The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London." title="Pyraloidea Pyralidae comprising the subfamily Pyraustinae tribe Pyraustini (part 1)" type="book" volumeTitle="The Moths of America north of Mexico 13.2 A &amp; 13.2 B" year="1976">Munroe (1976</bibRefCitation>
, or 1995). I confirm that the 
<typeStatus id="54B08822BE03B413FEA5098AFEAD07CA" box="[267,363,1507,1530]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
deposited in the BMNH is a female. 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE03B413FF580A6CFE1A042A" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[246,476,1539,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pyrausta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panopealis">
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE03B413FF580A6CFE1A042A" box="[246,476,1539,1564]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Pyrausta panopealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been confused and synonymized with 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE03B413FE2E0A4CFF10046B" authority="(Hubner, 1818)" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pyrausta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoenicealis">
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE03B413FE2E0A4CFD46040B" box="[384,640,1572,1596]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Pyrausta phoenicealis</emphasis>
(Hübner, 1818)
</taxonomicName>
in some publications prior to 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE03B413FDED0A2DFD36046B" author="Munroe E. G." box="[579,752,1604,1627]" editor="Dominick R. B." journalOrPublisher="E. W. Classey Ltd. and The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" refId="ref12766" refString="Munroe E. G. 1976. Pyraloidea Pyralidae comprising the subfamily Pyraustinae tribe Pyraustini (part 1) [pp. 1 - 78, pls 1 - 4, A-H; (conclusion); pp. 79 - 150, pls 5 - 9, J-U, pp. xiiixvii]. In: Dominick R. B. et al., The Moths of America north of Mexico 13.2 A &amp; 13.2 B. E. W. Classey Ltd. and The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London." title="Pyraloidea Pyralidae comprising the subfamily Pyraustinae tribe Pyraustini (part 1)" type="book" volumeTitle="The Moths of America north of Mexico 13.2 A &amp; 13.2 B" year="1976">Munroe (1976)</bibRefCitation>
, who removed it from synonymy based on small differences (see Diagnosis). Later as well (see for example 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE03B413FF530ACDFE7D048B" author="Guillermet C." bookContentInfo="552 pp." box="[253,443,1700,1723]" journalOrPublisher="Association Nature, Decouverte et Partage / Parc National de La Reunion" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" refId="ref12404" refString="Guillermet C. 2009. Les Heteroceres, ou papillons de nuit, de l'ile de La Reunion. Familles des Pyralidae et Crambidae. Association Nature, Decouverte et Partage / Parc National de La Reunion. 552 pp., 11 pls." title="Les Heteroceres, ou papillons de nuit, de l'ile de La Reunion. Familles des Pyralidae et Crambidae" type="book" year="2009">Guillermet, 2009</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE03B413FE520ACDFD7B048B" author="Vari L. &amp; Kroon D. M. &amp; Kruger M." box="[508,701,1700,1725]" journalOrPublisher="Simple Solutions, Chatswood. i-xxii" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 385" refId="ref13524" refString="Vari L., Kroon D. M., Kruger M. 2002. Classification and checklist of the species of Lepidoptera recorded in southern Africa. Simple Solutions, Chatswood. i-xxii, 1 - 385." title="Classification and checklist of the species of Lepidoptera recorded in southern Africa" type="book chapter" year="2002">
Vári 
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE03B413FD990ACFFDB7048B" box="[567,625,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
, 2002
</bibRefCitation>
), the species has been reported as 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE03B413FE510AAFFD6B04EB" box="[511,685,1732,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pyrausta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoenicealis">
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE03B413FE510AAFFD6B04EB" box="[511,685,1732,1757]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">P. phoenicealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE03B413FF390A8FFEE804CB" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[151,302,1764,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pyrausta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panopealis">
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE03B413FF390A8FFEE804CB" box="[151,302,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">P. panopealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in synonymy, although 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE03B413FDE40A8DFD3204CB" author="Munroe E. G." box="[586,756,1764,1787]" editor="Dominick R. B." journalOrPublisher="E. W. Classey Ltd. and The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" refId="ref12766" refString="Munroe E. G. 1976. Pyraloidea Pyralidae comprising the subfamily Pyraustinae tribe Pyraustini (part 1) [pp. 1 - 78, pls 1 - 4, A-H; (conclusion); pp. 79 - 150, pls 5 - 9, J-U, pp. xiiixvii]. In: Dominick R. B. et al., The Moths of America north of Mexico 13.2 A &amp; 13.2 B. E. W. Classey Ltd. and The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London." title="Pyraloidea Pyralidae comprising the subfamily Pyraustinae tribe Pyraustini (part 1)" type="book" volumeTitle="The Moths of America north of Mexico 13.2 A &amp; 13.2 B" year="1976">Munroe (1976)</bibRefCitation>
stated that 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE03B413FEBE0B6FFE72052C" box="[272,436,1797,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pyrausta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoenicealis">
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE03B413FEBE0B6FFE72052C" box="[272,436,1797,1821]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">P. phoenicealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘seems to be confined to the southeastern part of the 
<collectingCountry id="F31C7610BE03B413FE180B4CFD88050C" box="[438,590,1829,1852]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">United States</collectingCountry>
[of America]’ and its type locality is 
<collectingRegion id="49CFF862BE03B413FE140B2CFDCA056C" box="[442,524,1861,1884]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Florida</collectingRegion>
. I have decided to follow 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE03B413FF490B0CFE41054C" author="Munroe E. G." box="[231,391,1893,1916]" editor="Dominick R. B." journalOrPublisher="E. W. Classey Ltd. and The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" refId="ref12766" refString="Munroe E. G. 1976. Pyraloidea Pyralidae comprising the subfamily Pyraustinae tribe Pyraustini (part 1) [pp. 1 - 78, pls 1 - 4, A-H; (conclusion); pp. 79 - 150, pls 5 - 9, J-U, pp. xiiixvii]. In: Dominick R. B. et al., The Moths of America north of Mexico 13.2 A &amp; 13.2 B. E. W. Classey Ltd. and The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London." title="Pyraloidea Pyralidae comprising the subfamily Pyraustinae tribe Pyraustini (part 1)" type="book" volumeTitle="The Moths of America north of Mexico 13.2 A &amp; 13.2 B" year="1976">Munroe (1976</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE03B413FE380B0CFE08054C" author="Munroe E. G." box="[406,462,1893,1916]" editor="Hodges R. W." journalOrPublisher="E. W. Classey Ltd. and the Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" pagination="78 - 85" refId="ref12861" refString="Munroe E. G. 1983. Pyralidae (except Crambinae) (pp. 67 - 76, 78 - 85). In: Hodges R. W. et al., Check List of the Lepidoptera of America north of Mexico including Greenland. E. W. Classey Ltd. and the Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London." title="Pyralidae (except Crambinae)" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Check List of the Lepidoptera of America north of Mexico including Greenland" year="1983">1983</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE03B413FE730B0CFDD2054C" author="Munroe E. G." box="[477,532,1893,1916]" editor="Heppner J. B." journalOrPublisher="Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" pagination="34 - 79" part="3" refId="ref12925" refString="Munroe E. G. 1995. Crambidae (Crambinae, Schoenobiinae, Cybalomiinae, Linostinae, Glaphyriinae, Dichogaminae, Scopariinae, Musotiminae, Midilinae, Nymphulinae, Odontiinae, Evergestinae, Pyraustinae) (pp. 34 - 79). In: Heppner J. B., Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea 3. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera &amp; Scientific Publishers, Gainesville." title="Crambidae (Crambinae, Schoenobiinae, Cybalomiinae, Linostinae, Glaphyriinae, Dichogaminae, Scopariinae, Musotiminae, Midilinae, Nymphulinae, Odontiinae, Evergestinae, Pyraustinae)" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
) in considering that 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE03B413FF390BEFFEF605AC" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[151,304,1925,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pyrausta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panopealis">
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE03B413FF390BEFFEF605AC" box="[151,304,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">P. panopealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE03B413FEDA0BEFFDD905AC" box="[372,543,1925,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pyrausta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoenicealis">
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE03B413FEDA0BEFFDD905AC" box="[372,543,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">P. phoenicealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are different taxa as he made the only available comparative study of the group and because there are DNA CO1 barcode unpublished data that seem to support the separation of the two species (J.-F. Landry, pers. comm.). The host plant record of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE03B413FC440D6AFABF0329" authority="Jacquin" authorityName="Jacquin" box="[1002,1401,258,282]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Hyptis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capitata">
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE03B413FC440D6AFB56032A" box="[1002,1168,259,282]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Hyptis capitata</emphasis>
Jacquin (Lamiaceae)
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE03B413FCEE0D4BFC250309" author="Munroe E. G." box="[832,995,290,313]" editor="Dominick R. B." journalOrPublisher="E. W. Classey Ltd. and The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" refId="ref12766" refString="Munroe E. G. 1976. Pyraloidea Pyralidae comprising the subfamily Pyraustinae tribe Pyraustini (part 1) [pp. 1 - 78, pls 1 - 4, A-H; (conclusion); pp. 79 - 150, pls 5 - 9, J-U, pp. xiiixvii]. In: Dominick R. B. et al., The Moths of America north of Mexico 13.2 A &amp; 13.2 B. E. W. Classey Ltd. and The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London." title="Pyraloidea Pyralidae comprising the subfamily Pyraustinae tribe Pyraustini (part 1)" type="book" volumeTitle="The Moths of America north of Mexico 13.2 A &amp; 13.2 B" year="1976">Munroe (1976)</bibRefCitation>
is based on 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B71BE03B413FBC50D4BFAC00309" author="Schaus W." box="[1131,1286,290,313]" journalOrPublisher="Moths of the Families Geometridae and Pyralididae. The New York Academy of Sciences, Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Vol. 12, Part." pageId="7" pageNumber="62" pagination="291 - 417" part="3" refId="ref13394" refString="Schaus W. 1940. Insects of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Moths of the Families Geometridae and Pyralididae. The New York Academy of Sciences, Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Vol. 12, Part. 3: 291 - 417." title="Insects of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands" type="journal article" year="1940">Schaus (1940)</bibRefCitation>
who reported the species as 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D03BE03B413FC790D2DFBBE0369" box="[983,1144,322,347]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pyrausta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoenicealis">
<emphasis id="B97FEA92BE03B413FC790D2DFBBE0369" box="[983,1144,322,347]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">P. phoenicealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F31C7610BE03B413FB170D2BFAFA0369" box="[1209,1340,322,345]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>