2051 lines
255 KiB
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2051 lines
255 KiB
XML
<document id="D9107B9B5180E9EA59E912CFD46AE353" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5386.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10376586" ID-ZooBank="9A5C0CC4-3D86-45BD-97FC-694A4E31A8B5" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1702550060580" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moravec, Jiří & Dheurle, Charles" docDate="2023" docId="03A28794FFCFFFF0FF6E92773AFE9F90" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5386.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5386 (1)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5386.1.1/52481" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.16:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="16" docTitle="Phaeoxantha (Phaeoxantha) bifasciata" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="FF9BFFECFFE6FFCBFFF995683F629C56" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision of the Neotropical genus Phaeoxantha Chaudoir (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1702660509358" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:title id="04ED951CD25AB4B5469A369EF98B57FA">Taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision of the Neotropical genus Phaeoxantha Chaudoir (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="69B587753C2209044777D2885C603A83">Moravec, Jiří</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A81AB975D45C49771900CA5FA09D58F4">Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Department of Forest Ecology, Zemědělská 3, CZ- 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic. jirmor @ quick. cz; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5294 - 6410</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DC606E991DDEF890DCF50DA0D49D799B">Dheurle, Charles</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F848BE47529C65740172F1EC5DB32585">Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Department of Forest Ecology, Zemědělská 3, CZ- 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic. jirmor @ quick. cz; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5294 - 6410 & 5 place Jenson, F- 52200 Langres, France. charles. dheurle @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2580 - 6962 Corresponding author & Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Department of Forest Ecology, Zemědělská 3, CZ- 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic. jirmor @ quick. cz; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5294 - 6410</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C3116509FFCFFFE2FF6E92773CCA9B6C" box="[151,936,1823,1850]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCFFFE2FF6E92773CCA9B6C" blockId="41.[151,936,1823,1887]" box="[151,936,1823,1850]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<heading id="D0FC81EEFFCFFFE2FF6E92773CCA9B6C" bold="true" box="[151,936,1823,1850]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCFFFE2FF6E92773C469B6F" ID-CoL="3YQRL" authority="(Brulle, 1837)" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[151,804,1823,1850]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
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<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCFFFE2FF6E92773E5A9B6C" bold="true" box="[151,312,1823,1850]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCFFFE2FEB392773E899B6C" bold="true" box="[330,491,1823,1850]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCFFFE2FE0592773D139B6C" bold="true" box="[508,625,1823,1850]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">bifasciata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCFFFE2FD7892773C799B6F" author="Brulle, A." box="[641,795,1823,1850]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref32215" refString="Brulle, A. (1837) Insectes de l'Amerique meridionale recueillis par Alcide d'Orbigny et decrits par Emile Blanchard et Auguste Brulle. In: Voyage dans l'Amerique meridionale 6 (2 e Partie: Insectes). P. Bertrand, Paris [&] V. Levrault, Strasbourg, pp. 1 - 56" type="book chapter" year="1837">Brullé, 1837</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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stat restit.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3116509FFCFFFE2FF6E922C3E219B09" box="[151,323,1860,1887]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCFFFE2FF6E922C3E219B09" blockId="41.[151,936,1823,1887]" box="[151,323,1860,1887]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13302A07FFCFFFE2FF66922C3E599B09" box="[159,315,1860,1887]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 161–164" captionStart-1="FIGURES 165–168" captionStart-10="FIGURES 227–234" captionStart-11="FIGURES 235–240" captionStart-12="FIGURES 241–249" captionStart-13="FIGURES 250–258" captionStart-2="FIGURES 169–172" captionStart-3="FIGURES 173–179" captionStart-4="FIGURES 180–186" captionStart-5="FIGURES 187–189" captionStart-6="FIGURES 190–201" captionStart-7="FIGURES 202–211" captionStart-8="FIGURES 212–220" captionStart-9="FIGURES 221–226" captionStartId-0="43.[151,264,1916,1940]" captionStartId-1="44.[151,264,1963,1987]" captionStartId-10="53.[151,264,1866,1890]" captionStartId-11="54.[151,264,1857,1881]" captionStartId-12="55.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionStartId-13="56.[151,264,1863,1887]" captionStartId-2="45.[151,264,1229,1253]" captionStartId-3="46.[151,264,1925,1949]" captionStartId-4="47.[151,264,1855,1879]" captionStartId-5="48.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionStartId-6="49.[151,264,1812,1836]" captionStartId-7="50.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionStartId-8="51.[151,264,1843,1867]" captionStartId-9="52.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox-0="[183,1379,339,1838]" captionTargetBox-1="[266,1356,501,1915]" captionTargetBox-10="[164,1426,194,1830]" captionTargetBox-11="[166,1423,191,1820]" captionTargetBox-12="[157,1425,189,1838]" captionTargetBox-13="[160,1426,193,1826]" captionTargetBox-2="[173,1415,194,1192]" captionTargetBox-3="[178,1410,286,1892]" captionTargetBox-4="[161,1428,190,1818]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1421,181,1825]" captionTargetBox-6="[159,1427,192,1778]" captionTargetBox-7="[158,1430,189,1840]" captionTargetBox-8="[161,1426,194,1806]" captionTargetBox-9="[172,1419,194,1834]" captionTargetId-0="figure-148@43.[177,1383,338,1850]" captionTargetId-1="figure-313@44.[260,1367,489,1925]" captionTargetId-10="figure-17@53.[151,1435,181,1842]" captionTargetId-11="figure-30@54.[153,1434,181,1833]" captionTargetId-12="figure-17@55.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetId-13="figure-30@56.[151,1436,181,1839]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@45.[160,1428,181,1205]" captionTargetId-3="figure-77@46.[166,1422,273,1902]" captionTargetId-4="figure-17@47.[151,1436,181,1831]" captionTargetId-5="figure-30@48.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetId-6="figure-17@49.[151,1436,181,1788]" captionTargetId-7="figure-30@50.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetId-8="figure-17@51.[151,1436,181,1819]" captionTargetId-9="figure-30@52.[159,1428,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId-0="43" captionTargetPageId-1="44" captionTargetPageId-10="53" captionTargetPageId-11="54" captionTargetPageId-12="55" captionTargetPageId-13="56" captionTargetPageId-2="45" captionTargetPageId-3="46" captionTargetPageId-4="47" captionTargetPageId-5="48" captionTargetPageId-6="49" captionTargetPageId-7="50" captionTargetPageId-8="51" captionTargetPageId-9="52" captionText-0="FIGURES 161–164. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), Moxos, Bolivia, ♂, 18.5 mm, LT (MNHN). 161—habitus, 18.5 mm; 162—labrum; 163—lateral view; 164—labels. Bars = 1 mm. Image credit Luboš Purchart." captionText-1="FIGURES 165–168. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), ♂ from Nariño, Colombia (CCJM). 165—habitus, 17.5 mm; 166— pronotum; 167—aedeagus; 168—labrum. Bars = 1 mm." captionText-10="FIGURES 227–234. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), from Orinoco, Venezuela. 227–232—elytra: 227—♂, San Fernando (CCJM); 228–229—ditto, surface detail; 230—♂, Tucupita (JWCW); 231—ditto, surface detail; 232—♀, ibid.; 233–234—ae- deagus: 233—ibid.; 234—San Fernando, CCJM. Bars = 1 mm." captionText-11="FIGURES 235–240. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), from Manaus—Rio Negro, Brazil (CCJM). 235—habitus, ♂, 14.5 mm; 236—head; 237—mandibles, ♂; 238–240—male labrum. Bars = 1 mm." captionText-12="FIGURES 241–249. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), from Manaus—Rio Negro, Brazil (CCJM). 241—habitus, ♀, 18.5 mm; 242–249—male elytra and surface details. Bars = 1 mm." captionText-13="FIGURES 250–258. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), from Manaus—Rio Negro, Brazil (CCJM). 250–252—male prono- tum (251—surface detail); 253–255—aedeagus; 256–257—internal sac; 258—dorsal aspect. Bars = 1 mm." captionText-2="FIGURES 169–172. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), ♂ from Nariño, Colombia (CCJM), elytron and its surface details. Bars = 1 mm." captionText-3="FIGURES 173–179. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), from Peru. 173—head, ♂, Rio Palcazu (COSJ); 174—labrum, ♂, ibid.; 175–176—aedeagus: 175—Rio Palcazu (COSJ); 176—Iquitos (JWCW); 177–179—elytron and details of its surface, Iquitos (JWCW). Bars = 1 mm." captionText-4="FIGURES 180–186. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), from Iquitos, Peru (JWCW). 180—pronotum, ♂; 181—ditto, detail of sculpture; 182–186—elytron: 182—♂; 183—ditto, detail of surface; 184—elytra, ♀; 185–186—ditto, surface details. Bars = 1 mm." captionText-5="FIGURES 187–189. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), ♀, ST of syn. “var.” obscura (Dokhtouroff), “Amazon” (SDEI). 187—habitus, 18.5 mm; 188—labels; 189—labrum. Bars = 1 mm. Image credit Kevin Weissing." captionText-6="FIGURES 190–201. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé).190–196, 198–201—elytra: 190—♀, Brazil, Teffe (CCJM); 191– 192—ditto, details of surface; 193—♀, Brazil, Rio Solimoes (JWCW); 194–196—Bolivia, Rio Cesarsama (JWCW): 194—♀; 195—♂; 196—ditto, surface detail; 197—♂, aedeagus; 198–201—historical specimens ex Chaudoir (MNHN): 198—♀, as P. bifasciata; 199—ditto, surface detail; 200—♀, as “P. aequinoctialis”; 201—ditto, surface detail. Bars = 1 mm." captionText-7="FIGURES 202–211. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), from Cabezas, Bolivia (COSJ). 202—habitus, ♂, 15.3 mm; 203— mandibles, ♂; 204–205—labrum: 204—♂; 205—♀; 206—maxillae, ♂; 207–211—elytra: 207–208—♂♂; 209—♀; 210 ♂; 211—ditto, surface detail. Bars = 1 mm." captionText-8="FIGURES 212–220. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), Bolivia. 212—pronotum, ♂, Cabezas (COSJ); 213—ditto, surface detail; 214–218—elytra: 214—♂, Mchareti (COSJ); 215—ditto, surface detail; 216—♀, Buena Vista (JWCW); 217–218—dit- to, surface detail. 219–220—male aedeagus: 219—Mchareti (COSJ); 220—Cabezaz (COSJ); Bars = 1 mm." captionText-9="FIGURES 221–226. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), from Orinoco, Venezuela. 221—habitus, ♂, 18 mm, San Fern- ando (CCJM); 222—mandibles, ♂, Tucupita (JWCW); 223–224—labrum: 223—♂, San Fernando (CCJM); 224—♀, Tucupita (JWCW); 225—pronotum, ♂, San Fernando (CCJM); 226—ditto, surface detail. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376656" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376660" figureDoi-10="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376680" figureDoi-11="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376682" figureDoi-12="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376684" figureDoi-13="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376686" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376664" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376666" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376668" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376670" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376672" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376674" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376676" figureDoi-9="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376678" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10376656/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10376660/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/10376680/files/figure.png" httpUri-11="https://zenodo.org/record/10376682/files/figure.png" httpUri-12="https://zenodo.org/record/10376684/files/figure.png" httpUri-13="https://zenodo.org/record/10376686/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10376664/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10376666/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/10376668/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/10376670/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/10376672/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/10376674/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/10376676/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/10376678/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Figs 161–258</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3116509FFCFFFE1FF6E92EB3B609FD8" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAA1093FFCFFFE2FF6E92EB3D4C9BCD" author="Brulle, A." box="[151,558,1923,1947]" page="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1837">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCFFFE2FF6E92EB3D4C9BCD" ID-CoL="3YQRL" authority="Brulle, 1837: 1" authorityName="Brulle" authorityPageNumber="1" authorityYear="1837" box="[151,558,1923,1947]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">
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<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCFFFE2FF6E92EB3EEE9BCD" box="[151,396,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Megacephala bifasciata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCFFFE2FE6A92EB3D4C9BCD" author="Brulle, A." box="[403,558,1923,1947]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref32215" refString="Brulle, A. (1837) Insectes de l'Amerique meridionale recueillis par Alcide d'Orbigny et decrits par Emile Blanchard et Auguste Brulle. In: Voyage dans l'Amerique meridionale 6 (2 e Partie: Insectes). P. Bertrand, Paris [&] V. Levrault, Strasbourg, pp. 1 - 56" type="book chapter" year="1837">Brullé, 1837: 1</bibRefCitation>
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, Pl. 1, fig, 1—published in order to rectify the concept of the name
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAA1093FFCFFFE2FB1292EB3D5D9BEC" author="Dejean, P. M. F. A." page=")" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1825">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCFFFE2FB1292EB3D5D9BEC" ID-CoL="3YQQX" authority="sensu Dejean (1825: 14)" authorityName="sensu Dejean" authorityPageNumber="14" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCFFFE2FB1292EB3E1C9BEF" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Megacephala aequinoctialis sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCFFFE2FE7C92CA3D5D9BEC" author="Dejean, P. M. F. A." box="[389,575,1953,1978]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref32493" refString="Dejean, P. M. F. A. (1825) Species general des Coleopteres, de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Tome premier. Crevot, Paris, xxx + 463 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8863" type="book" year="1825">Dejean (1825: 14)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, which was based on misidentification and is in fact a subsequent usage of the name
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA1093FFCFFFE2FF3E92A83DF09B8E" author="Linnaeus, C. von" box="[199,658,1984,2008]" page="395" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1763">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCFFFE2FF3E92A83DF09B8E" ID-CoL="V8J8" authority="Linnaeus, 1763: 395" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="395" authorityYear="1763" box="[199,658,1984,2008]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cicindela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCFFFE2FF3E92A83EDD9B8E" box="[199,447,1984,2008]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Cicindela aequinoctialis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCFFFE2FE3D92A83DF09B8E" author="Linnaeus, C. von" box="[452,658,1984,2008]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref33713" refString="Linnaeus, C. von (1763) Amoenitates academicae; seu dissertationes variae physicae, medicae, botanicae, antehac seorsim editae, nunc collectae et auctae cum tabulis aeneis. Volumen sextum. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 486 pp." type="book" year="1763">Linnaeus, 1763: 395</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
– which is in fact
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCFFFE2FCBE92A83A7F9B8E" ID-CoL="4G37P" authority="(Linnaeus, 1763)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[839,1309,1984,2008]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pheropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCFFFE2FCBE92A83B0E9B8E" box="[839,1132,1984,2008]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Pheropsophus aequinoctialis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCFFFE2FB8392A83A749B8E" author="Linnaeus, C. von" box="[1146,1302,1984,2008]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref33713" refString="Linnaeus, C. von (1763) Amoenitates academicae; seu dissertationes variae physicae, medicae, botanicae, antehac seorsim editae, nunc collectae et auctae cum tabulis aeneis. Volumen sextum. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 486 pp." type="book" year="1763">Linnaeus, 1763</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCFFFE2FAD092A83AFA9B8E" ID-CoL="8KTSZ" box="[1321,1432,1984,2008]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Brachinini">Brachinini</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCFFFE2FF3E92B73E519BA1" ID-CoL="8KTL7" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[199,307,2015,2039]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Carabidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). See “Remarks” below.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCCFFE1FF6E95FF3A609C9B" blockId="42.[151,1437,150,911]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B11ACFFCCFFE1FF6E95FF3A609C9B" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA1093FFCCFFE1FF6E95FF3DD59CF9" author="Dejean, P. M. F. A." box="[151,695,150,175]" page=")" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1825">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FF6E95FF3DD59CF9" ID-CoL="3YQQX" authority="sensu Dejean (1825: 14)" authorityName="sensu Dejean" authorityPageNumber="14" authorityYear="1825" box="[151,695,150,175]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FF6E95FF3E979CF8" box="[151,501,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Megacephala aequinoctialis sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCCFFE1FE0595FF3DD59CF9" author="Dejean, P. M. F. A." box="[508,695,150,175]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref32493" refString="Dejean, P. M. F. A. (1825) Species general des Coleopteres, de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Tome premier. Crevot, Paris, xxx + 463 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8863" type="book" year="1825">Dejean (1825: 14)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. Non
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA1093FFCCFFE1FD0A95FF3BA69CF8" author="Linnaeus, C. von" box="[755,1220,150,175]" page="395" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1763">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FD0A95FF3BA69CF8" ID-CoL="V8J8" authority="Linnaeus, 1763: 395" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="395" authorityYear="1763" box="[755,1220,150,175]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cicindela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FD0A95FF3C8E9CF9" box="[755,1004,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Cicindela aequinoctialis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCCFFE1FC0B95FF3BA69CF8" author="Linnaeus, C. von" box="[1010,1220,150,175]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref33713" refString="Linnaeus, C. von (1763) Amoenitates academicae; seu dissertationes variae physicae, medicae, botanicae, antehac seorsim editae, nunc collectae et auctae cum tabulis aeneis. Volumen sextum. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 486 pp." type="book" year="1763">Linnaeus, 1763: 395</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, nec Linnaeus: 1767: 658 (as “
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FEDA95DD3EC49C9B" box="[291,422,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">equinoctialis</emphasis>
|
||
”), nec
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA1093FFCCFFE1FE1695DD3DDE9C9B" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[495,700,181,205]" page="226" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1775">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCCFFE1FE1695DD3DDE9C9B" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[495,700,181,205]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref32858" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1775) Systema entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Flensbvrgi et Lipsiae [= Flensburg & Leipzig], Kortii, [32] + 832 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 36510" type="book" year="1775">Fabricius 1775: 226</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, which is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FCDB95DD3B9D9C9B" ID-CoL="4G37P" authority="(Linnaeus, 1763)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[802,1279,181,205]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pheropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FCDB95DD3B2A9C9B" box="[802,1096,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Pheropsophus aequinoctialis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCCFFE1FBAE95DD3B949C9B" author="Linnaeus, C. von" box="[1111,1270,181,205]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref33713" refString="Linnaeus, C. von (1763) Amoenitates academicae; seu dissertationes variae physicae, medicae, botanicae, antehac seorsim editae, nunc collectae et auctae cum tabulis aeneis. Volumen sextum. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 486 pp." type="book" year="1763">Linnaeus, 1763</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCCFFE1FF6E95BC3BDB9CBA" blockId="42.[151,1437,150,911]" box="[151,1209,212,236]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B11ACFFCCFFE1FF6E95BC3BDB9CBA" box="[151,1209,212,236]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FF6E95BC3ED19CBA" ID-CoL="4FPYC" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[151,435,212,236]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FF6E95BC3ED19CBA" box="[151,435,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phaeoxantha aequinoctialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA1093FFCCFFE1FE3995BC3D109CBD" author="Chaudoir, M." box="[448,626,212,236]" page="7" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1850">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCCFFE1FE3995BC3D109CBD" author="Chaudoir, M." box="[448,626,212,236]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="3 - 21" refId="ref32376" refString="Chaudoir, M. (1850) Memoire sur la famille des Carabiques, 2 e Partie. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 23, 3 - 21." type="journal article" year="1850">Chaudoir 1850: 7</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FCD595BC3BD79CBA" ID-CoL="3YQRL" authority="(Brulle, 1837)" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[812,1205,212,236]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FCD595BC3B7E9CBA" box="[812,1052,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phaeoxantha bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCCFFE1FBD095BC3BCC9CBA" author="Brulle, A." box="[1065,1198,212,236]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref32215" refString="Brulle, A. (1837) Insectes de l'Amerique meridionale recueillis par Alcide d'Orbigny et decrits par Emile Blanchard et Auguste Brulle. In: Voyage dans l'Amerique meridionale 6 (2 e Partie: Insectes). P. Bertrand, Paris [&] V. Levrault, Strasbourg, pp. 1 - 56" type="book chapter" year="1837">Brullé, 1837</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCCFFE1FF6E959B3DBF9D5D" blockId="42.[151,1437,150,911]" box="[151,733,243,267]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B11ACFFCCFFE1FF6E959B3DBF9D5D" box="[151,733,243,267]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FF6E959B3EE59D5D" ID-CoL="3YQRL" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[151,391,243,267]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FF6E959B3EE59D5D" box="[151,391,243,267]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phaeoxantha bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA1093FFCCFFE1FE6D959B3D079D5D" author="Lacordaire, J. T." box="[404,613,243,267]" page="22" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1842">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCCFFE1FE6D959B3D079D5D" author="Lacordaire, J. T." box="[404,613,243,267]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="85 - 118" refId="ref33500" refString="Lacordaire, J. T. (1842) Revision de la famille des Cicindelides de l'ordre des Coleopteres. Quadart, Liege, 40 pp. [published in 1843 in Memoires de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege, 1, 85 - 118. However, reprints Quadart, Liege appeared in 1842]." type="book chapter" year="1842">Lacordaire 1842: 22</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA1093FFCCFFE1FD96959B3DBA9D5D" author="Lacordaire, J. T." box="[623,728,243,267]" page="202" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1843">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCCFFE1FD96959B3DBA9D5D" author="Lacordaire, J. T." box="[623,728,243,267]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="85 - 118" refId="ref33559" refString="Lacordaire, J. T. (1843) Revision de la famille des Cicindelides (Cicindelidae) de l'ordre des Coleopteres, accompagnee de la creation de quelques genres nouveaux Memoires de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege, 1, 85 - 118." type="journal article" year="1843">1843: 202</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCCFFE1FF6E94793D2B9D7F" blockId="42.[151,1437,150,911]" box="[151,585,273,297]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B11ACFFCCFFE1FF6E94793D2B9D7F" box="[151,585,273,297]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FF6E94793E399D7F" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,347,273,297]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tetracha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FF6E94793E399D7F" box="[151,347,273,297]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Tetracha bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA1093FFCCFFE1FE9194793D279D7F" author="Lacordaire, J. T." box="[360,581,273,297]" page="102" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1843">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCCFFE1FE9194793D279D7F" author="Lacordaire, J. T." box="[360,581,273,297]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="85 - 118" refId="ref33559" refString="Lacordaire, J. T. (1843) Revision de la famille des Cicindelides (Cicindelidae) de l'ordre des Coleopteres, accompagnee de la creation de quelques genres nouveaux Memoires de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege, 1, 85 - 118." type="journal article" year="1843">Lacordaire 1843: 102</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCCFFE1FF6E94583E2D9D31" blockId="42.[151,1437,150,911]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FF6E94583E939D1E" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[151,497,304,328]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phoeoxantha" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FF6E94583E7F9D1E" box="[151,285,304,328]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phoeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
(sic!)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FE9894583E939D1E" box="[353,497,304,328]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">aequinoctialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Lucas 1859: 26 (with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FD1A94593C089D1E" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1906" box="[739,874,304,328]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tetracha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FD1A94593C089D1E" box="[739,874,304,328]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a junior synonym and wrong spelling of the genus-group name).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCCFFE1FF6E94053D8D9DD3" blockId="42.[151,1437,150,911]" box="[151,751,365,389]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B11ACFFCCFFE1FF6E94053D8D9DD3" box="[151,751,365,389]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FF6E94053D7F9DD3" ID-CoL="7HQXH" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[151,541,365,389]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="aequinoctialis" subSpecies="bifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FF6E94053D7F9DD3" box="[151,541,365,389]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phaeoxantha aequinoctialis bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA1093FFCCFFE1FDD394053D899DD3" author="Chaudoir, M." box="[554,747,365,389]" page="41" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1865">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCCFFE1FDD394053D899DD3" author="Chaudoir, M." box="[554,747,365,389]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref32448" refString="Chaudoir, M. (1865) Catalogue de la collection des cicindel e t e s de M. le Baron Chaudoir. Nys, Bruxelles, 64 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 134840" type="book" year="1865">Chaudoir 1865: 41</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCCFFE1FF6E94E43D4C9DF2" blockId="42.[151,1437,150,911]" box="[151,558,396,420]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B11ACFFCCFFE1FF6E94E43D4C9DF2" box="[151,558,396,420]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FF6E94E43E399DF2" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,347,396,420]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tetracha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FF6E94E43E399DF2" box="[151,347,396,420]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Tetracha bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA1093FFCCFFE1FE9194E43D489DF2" author="Thomson, J." box="[360,554,396,420]" page="46" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1857">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCCFFE1FE9194E43D489DF2" author="Thomson, J." box="[360,554,396,420]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref34641" refString="Thomson, J. (1857) Monographie des Cicindelides ou expose methodique et critique des tribus, genres et especes de cette famille. Societe entomologique de France, Paris, 66 pp., 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9350" type="book" year="1857">Thomson 1857: 46</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCCFFE1FF6E94C33CB49D95" blockId="42.[151,1437,150,911]" box="[151,982,426,451]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B11ACFFCCFFE1FF6E94C33CB49D95" box="[151,982,426,451]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FF6E94C33EE39D95" ID-CoL="8KZ77" authority="Aequinoxialis" authorityName="Aequinoxialis" box="[151,385,427,451]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tetracha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FF6E94C33EE39D95" box="[151,385,427,451]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Tetracha Aequinoxialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[sic!]:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA1093FFCCFFE1FE3394C33DEE9D95" author="Thomson, J." box="[458,652,426,451]" page="46" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1857">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCCFFE1FE3394C33DEE9D95" author="Thomson, J." box="[458,652,426,451]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref34641" refString="Thomson, J. (1857) Monographie des Cicindelides ou expose methodique et critique des tribus, genres et especes de cette famille. Societe entomologique de France, Paris, 66 pp., 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9350" type="book" year="1857">Thomson 1857: 46</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. (as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FCB394C33CA59D95" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1906" box="[842,967,427,451]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tetracha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FCB394C33CA59D95" box="[842,967,427,451]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">T. bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCCFFE1FF6E94A13B109DB7" blockId="42.[151,1437,150,911]" box="[151,1138,457,482]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B11ACFFCCFFE1FF6E94A13B109DB7" box="[151,1138,457,482]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA1093FFCCFFE1FF6E94A13DA89DB7" author="Dokhtouroff, V. S." box="[151,714,457,481]" page="68" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1882">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FF6E94A13DA89DB7" authority="Dokhtouroff, 1882: 68" authorityName="Dokhtouroff" authorityPageNumber="68" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,714,457,481]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tetracha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="bifasciata" variety="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FF6E94A13E399DB7" box="[151,347,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Tetracha bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FE7494A13EBD9DB7" box="[397,479,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">obscura</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCCFFE1FE1D94A13DA89DB7" author="Dokhtouroff, V. S." box="[484,714,457,481]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref32740" refString="Dokhtouroff, V. S. (1882) Species des cicindelides. Essai monographique sur la famille precede de tables systematiques pour la determination des genres. Premiere livraison. Manticorides et megacephalides avec 10 planches coloriees. I. Trenke & Fusnot, St-Petersbourg, v + 92 pp., 1 pl." type="book" year="1882">Dokhtouroff, 1882: 68</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 8, fig, 6 – synonymy by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCCFFE1FC1494A23B0D9DB7" author="Horn, W." box="[1005,1135,457,481]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="105 - 208" refId="ref33217" refString="Horn, W. (1910) Coleoptera Adephaga, Fam. Carabidae, Subfam. Cicindelinae. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum. Vol. 82 b. Desmet-Verteneuil, Bruxelles, pp. 105 - 208, pls. 6 - 15." type="book chapter" year="1910">Horn (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCCFFE1FF6E94803DE79E56" blockId="42.[151,1437,150,911]" box="[151,645,488,512]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B11ACFFCCFFE1FF6E94803DE79E56" box="[151,645,488,512]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FF6E94803ED19E56" ID-CoL="4FPYC" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[151,435,488,512]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FF6E94803ED19E56" box="[151,435,488,512]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phaeoxantha aequinoctialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA1093FFCCFFE1FE3994803DE39E56" author="Chaudoir, M." box="[448,641,488,512]" page="41" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1865">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCCFFE1FE3994803DE39E56" author="Chaudoir, M." box="[448,641,488,512]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref32448" refString="Chaudoir, M. (1865) Catalogue de la collection des cicindel e t e s de M. le Baron Chaudoir. Nys, Bruxelles, 64 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 134840" type="book" year="1865">Chaudoir 1865: 41</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCCFFE1FF6E976F3CFD9E49" blockId="42.[151,1437,150,911]" box="[151,927,519,543]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B11ACFFCCFFE1FF6E976F3CFD9E49" box="[151,927,519,543]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FF6E976F3ED19E49" ID-CoL="4FPYC" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[151,435,519,543]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FF6E976F3ED19E49" box="[151,435,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phaeoxantha aequinoctialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA1093FFCCFFE1FE39976F3DE09E49" author="Fleutiaux, E." box="[448,642,519,543]" page="26" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1894">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCCFFE1FE39976F3DE09E49" author="Fleutiaux, E." box="[448,642,519,543]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="24 - 28" refId="ref32958" refString="Fleutiaux, E. (1894) Note sur les coleopteres Cicindelides du genre Phaeoxantha Chaudoir. Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France, 18, 24 - 28." type="journal article" year="1894">Fleutiaux 1894: 26</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 27 (see “Remarks” below).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCCFFE1FF6E974D3DE39E6B" blockId="42.[151,1437,150,911]" box="[151,641,549,573]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B11ACFFCCFFE1FF6E974D3DE39E6B" box="[151,641,549,573]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FF6E974D3EE59E6B" ID-CoL="3YQRL" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[151,391,549,573]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FF6E974D3EE59E6B" box="[151,391,549,573]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phaeoxantha bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA1093FFCCFFE1FE6D974D3D359E6B" author="Fleutiaux, E." box="[404,599,549,573]" page="26" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1894">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCCFFE1FE6D974D3D359E6B" author="Fleutiaux, E." box="[404,599,549,573]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="24 - 28" refId="ref32958" refString="Fleutiaux, E. (1894) Note sur les coleopteres Cicindelides du genre Phaeoxantha Chaudoir. Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France, 18, 24 - 28." type="journal article" year="1894">Fleutiaux 1894: 26</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 27.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCCFFE1FF6E972C3DBA9E0A" blockId="42.[151,1437,150,911]" box="[151,728,580,604]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B11ACFFCCFFE1FF6E972C3DBA9E0A" box="[151,728,580,604]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FF6E972C3D469E0A" box="[151,548,580,604]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tetracha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FF6E972C3D469E0A" box="[151,548,580,604]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Tetracha (Phaeoxantha) aequinoctialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA1093FFCCFFE1FDC9972C3DB69E0A" author="Horn, W." box="[560,724,580,604]" page="332" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1903">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCCFFE1FDC9972C3DB69E0A" author="Horn, W." box="[560,724,580,604]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="331 - 334" refId="ref33093" refString="Horn, W. (1903) On the Cicindelidae of southern Venezuela, collected by Edward A. Klages, 1898 - 1900. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 5 (4), 331 - 334." type="journal article" year="1903">Horn 1903: 332</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCCFFE1FF6E970B3CFC9E2D" blockId="42.[151,1437,150,911]" box="[151,926,611,635]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B11ACFFCCFFE1FF6E970B3CFC9E2D" box="[151,926,611,635]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FF6E970B3D889E2D" ID-CoL="3YQQX" box="[151,746,611,635]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="aequinoctialis" subGenus="Phaeoxantha" subSpecies="aequinoctialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FF6E970B3E439E2D" box="[151,289,611,635]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Megacephala</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FEC9970B3ED49E2D" box="[304,438,611,635]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FE3D970B3D889E2D" box="[452,746,611,635]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">aequinoctialis aequinoctialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA1093FFCCFFE1FD0E970B3CF89E2D" author="Horn, W." box="[759,922,611,635]" page="137" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1910">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCCFFE1FD0E970B3CF89E2D" author="Horn, W." box="[759,922,611,635]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="105 - 208" refId="ref33217" refString="Horn, W. (1910) Coleoptera Adephaga, Fam. Carabidae, Subfam. Cicindelinae. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum. Vol. 82 b. Desmet-Verteneuil, Bruxelles, pp. 105 - 208, pls. 6 - 15." type="book chapter" year="1910">Horn 1910: 137</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCCFFE1FF6E97E93C0E9ECF" blockId="42.[151,1437,150,911]" box="[151,876,641,665]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B11ACFFCCFFE1FF6E97E93C0E9ECF" box="[151,876,641,665]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FF6E97E93DDC9ECF" box="[151,702,641,665]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="aequinoctialis" subGenus="Phaeoxantha" subSpecies="bifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FF6E97E93E439ECF" box="[151,289,641,665]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Megacephala</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FEC997E93ED49ECF" box="[304,438,641,665]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FE3D97E93DDC9ECF" box="[452,702,641,665]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">aequinoctialis bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA1093FFCCFFE1FD3297EA3C0E9ECF" author="Horn, W." box="[715,876,641,665]" page="137" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1910">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCCFFE1FD3297EA3C0E9ECF" author="Horn, W." box="[715,876,641,665]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="105 - 208" refId="ref33217" refString="Horn, W. (1910) Coleoptera Adephaga, Fam. Carabidae, Subfam. Cicindelinae. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum. Vol. 82 b. Desmet-Verteneuil, Bruxelles, pp. 105 - 208, pls. 6 - 15." type="book chapter" year="1910">Horn 1910: 137</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCCFFE1FF6E97C83D879EEE" blockId="42.[151,1437,150,911]" box="[151,741,672,696]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B11ACFFCCFFE1FF6E97C83D879EEE" box="[151,741,672,696]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FF6E97C83ED19EEE" ID-CoL="4FPYC" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[151,435,672,696]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FF6E97C83ED19EEE" box="[151,435,672,696]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phaeoxantha aequinoctialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA1093FFCCFFE1FE3997C83D839EEE" author="Cassola, F. & Pearson, D." box="[448,737,672,696]" page="11" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="2001">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCCFFE1FE3997C83D839EEE" author="Cassola, F. & Pearson, D." box="[448,737,672,696]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="3 - 24" refId="ref32338" refString="Cassola, F. & Pearson, D. L (2001) Neotropical Tiger Beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae): Checklist and Biogeography. Biota Colombiana, 2 (1), 3 - 24." type="journal article" year="2001">Cassola & Pearson 2001: 11</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCCFFE1FF6E97D73C079E81" blockId="42.[151,1437,150,911]" box="[151,869,703,727]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B11ACFFCCFFE1FF6E97D73C079E81" box="[151,869,703,727]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FF6E97D73D2A9E81" ID-CoL="7HR9V" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[151,584,703,727]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="aequinoctialis" subSpecies="aequinoctialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FF6E97D73D2A9E81" box="[151,584,703,727]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phaeoxantha aequinoctialis aequinoctialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA1093FFCCFFE1FDAF97D73C039E81" author="Zerm, M. & Adis, J." box="[598,865,703,727]" page="142" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="2001">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCCFFE1FDAF97D73C579E81" author="Zerm, M. & Adis, J." box="[598,821,703,727]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="141 - 155" refId="ref34992" refString="Zerm, M. & Adis, J. (2001 a) On the life cycles of Phaeoxantha species (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) from Central Amazonian floodplains (Brazil). Ecotropica, 6, 141 - 155." type="journal article" year="2001">Zerm & Adis (2001a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:142
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCCFFE1FF6E97B53C5B9EA3" blockId="42.[151,1437,150,911]" box="[151,825,733,757]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B11ACFFCCFFE1FF6E97B53C5B9EA3" box="[151,825,733,757]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FF6E97B53D7F9EA3" ID-CoL="7HQXH" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[151,541,733,757]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="aequinoctialis" subSpecies="bifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FF6E97B53D7F9EA3" box="[151,541,733,757]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phaeoxantha aequinoctialis bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA1093FFCCFFE1FDD397B63C549EA3" author="Zerm, M. & Adis, J." box="[554,822,733,757]" page="142" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="2001">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCCFFE1FDD397B63C689EA3" author="Zerm, M. & Adis, J." box="[554,778,733,757]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="141 - 155" refId="ref34992" refString="Zerm, M. & Adis, J. (2001 a) On the life cycles of Phaeoxantha species (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) from Central Amazonian floodplains (Brazil). Ecotropica, 6, 141 - 155." type="journal article" year="2001">Zerm & Adis (2001a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:142
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCCFFE1FF6E97943A2F9F65" blockId="42.[151,1437,150,911]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FF6E97943E3B9F42" bold="true" box="[151,345,764,788]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Unavailable names</emphasis>
|
||
. “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FE9797943D0A9F42" authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1825" box="[366,616,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinoctialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FE9797943D0A9F42" box="[366,616,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Megacephala quinoctialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[sic!] Fabr. [sic!] Var.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FCC397943CF09F42" ID-CoL="5X98G" baseAuthorityName="Audouin & Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[826,914,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Calyptoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FCC397943CF09F42" box="[826,914,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Frontalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Audouin [sic!],
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCCFFE1FBC897943B1E9F42" box="[1073,1148,764,788]" name="Bolivia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
”:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCCFFE1FB7797943A7D9F42" author="Dejean, P. M. F. A." box="[1166,1311,764,788]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 384" refId="ref32642" refString="Dejean, P. M. F. A. (1836) Catalogue des coleopteres de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Troisieme edition, revue, corrigee et augmentee. Livraisons 1 - 4. Mequignon-Marvis, Paris, pp. 1 - 384. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / t. 173109" type="book chapter" year="1836">Dejean 1836: 2</bibRefCitation>
|
||
– a confused name
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FEF896733E589F65" box="[257,314,795,819]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">in litt.</emphasis>
|
||
Non
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FE9796733C6F9F65" ID-CoL="V997" authority="Audouin & Brulle, 1839" authorityName="Audouin & Brulle" authorityYear="1839" box="[366,781,795,819]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cicindela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FE9796733D429F65" box="[366,544,795,819]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Cicindela frontalis</emphasis>
|
||
Audouin & Brullé, 1839
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FC9096733A2B9F65" ID-CoL="5X98G" authority="(Audouin & Brulle, 1839)" baseAuthorityName="Audouin & Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[873,1353,795,819]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Calyptoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FC9096733B2A9F65" box="[873,1096,795,819]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Calyptoglossa frontalis</emphasis>
|
||
(Audouin & Brullé, 1839)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCCFFE1FF6E96513B6F9F26" blockId="42.[151,1437,150,911]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B11ACFFCCFFE1FF6E96513B6F9F26" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FF6E96513E059F07" box="[151,359,825,849]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tetracha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FF6E96513E059F07" box="[151,359,825,849]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Tetracha Ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA1093FFCCFFE1FE8F96513D589F07" author="Thomson, J." box="[374,570,825,849]" page="46" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1857">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCCFFE1FE8F96513D589F07" author="Thomson, J." box="[374,570,825,849]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref34641" refString="Thomson, J. (1857) Monographie des Cicindelides ou expose methodique et critique des tribus, genres et especes de cette famille. Societe entomologique de France, Paris, 66 pp., 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9350" type="book" year="1857">Thomson 1857: 46</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, partim – “collection name”
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FC9B96523CFD9F07" box="[866,927,825,849]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">in litt.</emphasis>
|
||
, as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FBA596523BBB9F07" ID-CoL="3YQRL" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1116,1241,825,849]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FBA596523BBB9F07" box="[1116,1241,825,849]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">T. bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but due to the Argentinean occurrence at least partly confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FD3096313C549F26" ID-CoL="4FPYF" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[713,822,857,880]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FD3096313C549F26" box="[713,822,857,880]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">P. cruciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCCFFE1FCA596303B6B9F26" author="Thomson, J." box="[860,1033,856,880]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref34641" refString="Thomson, J. (1857) Monographie des Cicindelides ou expose methodique et critique des tribus, genres et especes de cette famille. Societe entomologique de France, Paris, 66 pp., 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9350" type="book" year="1857">Thomson (1857)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCCFFE1FF6E961F3B609FD8" blockId="42.[151,1437,150,911]" box="[151,1026,886,911]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FF6E961F3E1C9FD9" box="[151,382,887,911]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puberula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FF6E961F3E1C9FD9" box="[151,382,887,911]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Phaeoxantha puberula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Chaudoir: 1865: 42 “(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FD92961F3D9E9FD8" box="[619,764,887,910]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">vix var. praec.</emphasis>
|
||
)” – nomen nudum,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FC3F961F3B609FD8" box="[966,1026,887,911]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">in litt.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3116509FFCCFFE7FF6E96D53A0D9D87" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCCFFE1FF6E96D53CF59F81" blockId="42.[151,1437,957,2029]" box="[151,919,957,983]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCCFFE1FF6E96D53CF19F81" box="[151,915,957,983]" country="Bolivia" county="Rio Piray" location="Moxos" municipality="Rio Mamore" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FF6E96D53E529F81" bold="true" box="[151,304,957,983]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFCCFFE1FF6E96D53FB09F81" box="[151,210,957,983]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCCFFE1FEC796D53EF79F81" box="[318,405,957,983]" name="Bolivia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8ED46059FFCCFFE1FE6696D53E929F81" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A28794FFCFFFF0FF6E92773AFE9F90:8ED46059FFCCFFE1FE6696D53E929F81" box="[415,496,957,983]" country="Bolivia" county="Rio Piray" municipality="Rio Mamore" name="Moxos" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Moxos</location>
|
||
, banks of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD0ACF8FFCCFFE1FD9B96D53D929F81" box="[610,752,957,983]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Rio Mamore</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62D54E0EFFCCFFE1FCDF96D53CF19F81" box="[806,915,957,983]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Rio Piray</collectingCounty>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCCFFE1FF3E96893D559815" blockId="42.[151,1437,957,2029]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FF3E96893E159FAD" bold="true" box="[199,375,993,1019]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Type material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCCFFE1FE7996893D559815" collectionCode="MNHN" country="Bolivia" location="Type" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFCCFFE1FE7996893E929FAD" box="[384,496,993,1019]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(designated here) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FD1C96893B259FAD" authority="Brulle" authorityName="Brulle" authorityYear="1837" box="[741,1095,993,1019]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FD1C96893C979FAD" box="[741,1013,993,1019]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Megacephala bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
Brullé
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FBAD96893B0B9FAD" box="[1108,1129,993,1019]" count="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCCFFE1FB6896893B8B9FAD" box="[1169,1257,993,1019]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
, labelled: “Muséum Paris /
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCCFFE1FEDC916D3E159849" box="[293,375,1029,1055]" name="Bolivia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Bolivie</collectingCountry>
|
||
/ (Mojos) / D’Orbigny 1834” [light ochre, printed] // “78-2 [illegible] / 34” [tarnished, circular, handwritten] // “
|
||
<location id="8ED46059FFCCFFE1FEB791413EE89815" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A28794FFCFFFF0FF6E92773AFE9F90:8ED46059FFCCFFE1FEB791413EE89815" box="[334,394,1065,1091]" country="Bolivia" name="Type" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Type</location>
|
||
” [red, printed].
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCCFFE1FF3E91253E8D98DD" blockId="42.[151,1437,957,2029]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FF3E91253D259831" bold="true" box="[199,583,1101,1127]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Note to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFCCFFE1FEB491253EDA9831" box="[333,440,1101,1127]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
designation
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFCCFFE1FD7C91253D8E9831" box="[645,748,1101,1127]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is designated here to assure stability of this taxon, particularly due to its common confusions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCCFFE1FF3E91FD3E809A9D" blockId="42.[151,1437,957,2029]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FF3E91FD3E9498F9" bold="true" box="[199,502,1173,1199]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Other material examined</emphasis>
|
||
. Specimens with densely setose elytra as in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFCCFFE1FC0191FD3B4798F9" box="[1016,1061,1173,1199]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FBB391FD3A2B98F9" authorityName="Brulle" authorityYear="1837" box="[1098,1353,1173,1199]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FBB391FD3A2B98F9" box="[1098,1353,1173,1199]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Megacephala bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FAAE91FD3AE298F9" box="[1367,1408,1173,1199]" count="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCCFFE1FF6E91D13F839885" box="[151,225,1209,1235]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">CCJM</collectionCode>
|
||
: “Nariño,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCCFFE1FEB591D13ED79885" box="[332,437,1209,1235]" name="Colombia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
/ Amazonica /
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFCCFFE1FDA891D13DA99882" box="[593,715,1209,1236]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1995-11-10">10.XI.1995</date>
|
||
, Mráček lgt.”.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FC9F91D13CC19885" box="[870,931,1209,1235]" count="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FC5491D13C8B9885" box="[941,1001,1209,1235]" count="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCCFFE1FBF091D13B339885" box="[1033,1105,1209,1235]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">CDCL</collectionCode>
|
||
: “Lecourt G. Coll. /
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFCCFFE1FADF91D13AED9882" box="[1318,1423,1209,1236]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1995-08">VIII.1995</date>
|
||
/ Carimagua,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B67FFCCFFE1FEE191B53E3998A1" box="[280,347,1245,1271]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="310.0">310 m</quantity>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCCFFE1FE9791B53EBE98A1" box="[366,476,1245,1271]" name="Colombia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Colombie</collectingCountry>
|
||
”.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FE1691B53D4E98A1" box="[495,556,1245,1271]" count="4" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="male">4 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FDCE91B53D1698A1" box="[567,628,1245,1271]" count="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCCFFE1FD6D91B53DBE98A1" box="[660,732,1245,1271]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">CDCL</collectionCode>
|
||
: “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCCFFE1FD0B91B53C4698A1" box="[754,804,1245,1271]" name="Peru" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
/ Iquitos,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CFF860FFCCFFE1FC7E91B53CAF98A1" box="[903,973,1245,1271]" country="Peru" name="Loreto" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Loreto</collectingRegion>
|
||
/ Rio Amazonas / Coll. Dheurle” // “
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFCCFFE1FAA991B53AFE98A1" box="[1360,1436,1245,1271]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2010-05">V.2010</date>
|
||
/ Patrick Demez leg ”.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FE7190693ED2994D" box="[392,432,1281,1307]" count="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCCFFE1FE2B90693D74994D" box="[466,534,1281,1307]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">JBCB</collectionCode>
|
||
: “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCCFFE1FDD390693D3F994D" box="[554,605,1281,1307]" name="Peru" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
/ Parq. Nat. Manu / VI-VIII.1997 Peprný lgt.”.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FBAC90693B1F994D" box="[1109,1149,1281,1307]" count="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCCFFE1FB6690693B90994D" box="[1183,1266,1281,1307]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">JWCW</collectionCode>
|
||
: “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCCFFE1FAFC90693A58994D" box="[1285,1338,1281,1307]" name="Peru" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Iquitos / Amazonas,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B67FFCCFFE1FEEC904D3E309969" box="[277,338,1317,1343]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="100.0">100m</quantity>
|
||
/
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFCCFFE1FE9F904D3EAB9916" box="[358,457,1317,1344]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1975-10-05">5.X.1975</date>
|
||
leg. Post, Bauer, Lobin” // “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FD0A904D3B329969" authority="Dej." authorityName="sensu Dejean" authorityYear="1825" box="[755,1104,1317,1343]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">Megacephala aequinoctialis Dej.</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ Dr. K. Mandl det. 1976”.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FA8A904D3AFE9969" box="[1395,1436,1317,1343]" count="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCCFFE1FF4A90213E649935" box="[179,262,1353,1379]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">JWCW</collectionCode>
|
||
: with same label data, but with: “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FD9090213CF09935" authorityName="sensu Dejean" authorityYear="1825" box="[617,914,1353,1379]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">Megacephala aequinoctialis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FC6090213BF79935" authority="Dr. K. Mandl" authorityName="Dr. K. Mandl" box="[921,1173,1353,1379]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">bifasciata Dr. K. Mandl</taxonomicName>
|
||
det. 1976” [sic!].
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FAAE90213A1D9935" box="[1367,1407,1353,1379]" count="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCCFFE1FF6E90053F8899D1" box="[151,234,1389,1415]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">JWCW</collectionCode>
|
||
: “SO
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCCFFE1FED090053E3E99D1" box="[297,348,1389,1415]" name="Peru" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFCCFFE1FE9F90053E9299DE" box="[358,496,1389,1416]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1975-08-16">16.VIII.1975</date>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCCFFE1FDFC90053D2799D1" box="[517,581,1389,1415]" name="Georgia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Iberia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B67FFCCFFE1FDB690053DEE99DE" box="[591,652,1389,1416]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="250.0">250m</quantity>
|
||
/ 69°35´/11°21´/ leg. Bauer, Lobin, Post”.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FBA190053BE199D1" box="[1112,1155,1389,1415]" count="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FB7790053BD499D1" box="[1166,1206,1389,1415]" count="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCCFFE1FB2090053A4399D1" box="[1241,1313,1389,1415]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">CDCL</collectionCode>
|
||
: “Pucallpa,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCCFFE1FF6E90F93FB799FD" box="[151,213,1425,1451]" name="Peru" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Pérou</collectingCountry>
|
||
/
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFCCFFE1FF1F90F93E2299FD" box="[230,320,1425,1451]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1992-06">VI.1992</date>
|
||
, Dheurle C”.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FE3790F93D6899FD" box="[462,522,1425,1451]" count="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FDED90F93D3299FD" box="[532,592,1425,1451]" count="3" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCCFFE1FD9690F93DD599FD" box="[623,695,1425,1451]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">CDCL</collectionCode>
|
||
: “
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CFF860FFCCFFE1FD3690F93C2099FD" box="[719,834,1425,1451]" country="Peru" name="Amazonas" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Amazones</collectingRegion>
|
||
” // “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FC9490F93CA899FD" box="[877,970,1425,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tetracha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tetracha</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ bifasciata/Amazone”.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FB3090F93B9399FD" box="[1225,1265,1425,1451]" count="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FB0290F93A5599FD" box="[1275,1335,1425,1451]" count="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCCFFE1FAAF90F93AFB99FD" box="[1366,1433,1425,1451]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">COSJ</collectionCode>
|
||
: “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCCFFE1FF5990DD3FB19999" box="[160,211,1461,1487]" name="Peru" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
–
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CFF860FFCCFFE1FF0990DD3E4C9999" box="[240,302,1461,1487]" country="Peru" name="Pasco" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Pasco</collectingRegion>
|
||
/ Puerto Palcazu env. /
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFCCFFE1FDD390DD3DC19999" box="[554,675,1461,1487]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2001-11-21">21.XI.2001</date>
|
||
/ O. Šafránek lgt.”
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FC8D90DD3CA29999" box="[884,960,1461,1487]" count="11" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="male">11 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FC3590DD3B689999" box="[972,1034,1461,1488]" count="5" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="female">5 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
[elytra prevailingly black] in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCCFFE1FAB190DD3AF69999" box="[1352,1428,1461,1487]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">MKPC</collectionCode>
|
||
: “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCCFFE1FF5890B13FB499A5" box="[161,214,1497,1523]" name="Peru" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CFF860FFCCFFE1FF1990B13E4499A5" box="[224,294,1497,1523]" country="Peru" name="Loreto" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Loreto</collectingRegion>
|
||
/ Pevas, Rio Amazonas /
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFCCFFE1FDCF90B13DB599A5" box="[566,727,1497,1523]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2011-08-01" valueMax="2011-08-30" valueMin="2011-08-01">1-30.VIII.2011</date>
|
||
, J.J. Ramirez leg.”.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FC5090B13C8499A5" box="[937,998,1497,1523]" count="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCCFFE1FBFE90B13B3699A5" box="[1031,1108,1497,1523]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">MKPC</collectionCode>
|
||
: “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCCFFE1FB9290B13BFC99A5" box="[1131,1182,1497,1523]" name="Peru" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CFF860FFCCFFE1FB4B90B13A3299A5" box="[1202,1360,1497,1523]" country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
|
||
/ Tambopata River / P. River Lodge / 8-XI.
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFCCFFE1FDE790953D079A4E" box="[542,613,1533,1560]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1995-01">I.1995</date>
|
||
, M. KlÍcha lgt.”.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FCE590953C269A41" box="[796,836,1533,1559]" count="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCCFFE1FC9F90953CDB9A41" box="[870,953,1533,1559]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">JWCW</collectionCode>
|
||
: “Braziliam Rio Solimões / Ilha da Paciência,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B67FFCCFFE1FF6E93493FB69A6D" box="[151,212,1569,1595]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="km" value="40.0">40km</quantity>
|
||
/ upstr. mouth of Rio Negro / M. Zerm leg.
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFCCFFE1FD4493493C579A6D" box="[701,821,1569,1595]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1998-11-26">26.XI.1998</date>
|
||
M. Zerm leg.” // “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FBFB93493BEE9A6D" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[1026,1164,1569,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phaeoxantha</taxonomicName>
|
||
a.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FB4993493FAE9A36" authority="Dejean, 1825" authorityName="sensu Dejean" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">
|
||
aequinoctialis
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCCFFE1FAB393493FAE9A36" author="Dejean, P. M. F. A." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref32493" refString="Dejean, P. M. F. A. (1825) Species general des Coleopteres, de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Tome premier. Crevot, Paris, xxx + 463 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8863" type="book" year="1825">Dejean, 1825</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ det. J.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCCFFE1FEDF932D3EA69A09" author="Wiesner, J." box="[294,452,1605,1631]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="285 - 325" refId="ref34885" refString="Wiesner, J. (2000) The Tiger Beetles of Paraguay (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). 67 .. Contribution towards the knowledge of Cicindelidae. Coleoptera, 4, 285 - 325." type="journal article" year="2000">Wiesner, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
”.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FE21932D3D619A09" box="[472,515,1605,1631]" count="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FDF7932D3D559A09" box="[526,567,1605,1631]" count="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCCFFE1FDA3932D3DCF9A09" box="[602,685,1605,1631]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">JWCW</collectionCode>
|
||
: “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCCFFE1FD39932D3C709A09" box="[704,786,1605,1631]" name="Bolivia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CFF860FFCCFFE1FCE4932D3CCA9A09" box="[797,936,1605,1631]" country="Bolivia" name="Cochabamba" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Cochabamba</collectingRegion>
|
||
/ Rio Cesarsama / Carrasco,
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFCCFFE1FB26932D3A029A09" box="[1247,1376,1605,1631]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2002-12-18">18.XII.2002</date>
|
||
/ leg. J. Ledezma & al.” // “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FE8793013C6E9AD5" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[382,780,1641,1667]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="aequinoctialis" subSpecies="bifasciata">Phaeoxantha aequinoctialis bifasciata</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFCCFFE1FCD093013CCD9AD5" author="Brulle, A." box="[809,943,1641,1667]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref32215" refString="Brulle, A. (1837) Insectes de l'Amerique meridionale recueillis par Alcide d'Orbigny et decrits par Emile Blanchard et Auguste Brulle. In: Voyage dans l'Amerique meridionale 6 (2 e Partie: Insectes). P. Bertrand, Paris [&] V. Levrault, Strasbourg, pp. 1 - 56" type="book chapter" year="1837">Brullé, 1837</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) det. J. Wiesner, 2003”.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FB4D93013BBF9AD5" box="[1204,1245,1641,1667]" count="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCCFFE1FB0693013A279AD5" box="[1279,1349,1641,1667]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">CCJM</collectionCode>
|
||
[almost entirely black, as in “var.”
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCCFFE1FE4B93E53D659AF1" box="[434,519,1677,1703]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">obscura</emphasis>
|
||
”]: “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCCFFE1FDCA93E53D159AF1" box="[563,631,1677,1703]" name="Brazil" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Amazonas /
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B67FFCCFFE1FCFE93E53C5F9AF1" box="[775,829,1677,1704]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
N. of Tefe, Praia de Coati / dark sand on Solimoes bank,
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFCCFFE1FF6E93D93F989A9D" box="[151,250,1713,1739]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1993-10-06">6.X.1993</date>
|
||
/ M. Hrabovsky lgt.”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCCFFE0FF3E93BD3E219D4B" blockId="42.[151,1437,957,2029]" lastBlockId="43.[151,1437,150,285]" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Specimens with sparser setosity.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCCFFE1FDDA93BD3DA29AB9" box="[547,704,1749,1775]" collectionCode="JWCW" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FDDA93BD3D299AB9" box="[547,587,1749,1775]" count="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCCFFE1FD9493BD3DA29AB9" box="[621,704,1749,1775]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">JWCW</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCCFFE1FD3393BD3EBF9B45" country="Venezuela" determinerName="J. Wiesner" location="Buena Vista" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1">
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCCFFE1FD2F93BD3C219AB9" box="[726,835,1749,1775]" name="Venezuela" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
/
|
||
<location id="8ED46059FFCCFFE1FCAE93BD3CBB9AB9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A28794FFCFFFF0FF6E92773AFE9F90:8ED46059FFCCFFE1FCAE93BD3CBB9AB9" box="[855,985,1749,1775]" country="Venezuela" name="Buena Vista" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Buena Vista</location>
|
||
” // “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FBF193BD3A539AB9" authorityName="sensu Dejean" authorityYear="1825" box="[1032,1329,1749,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">Megacephala aequinoctialis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FACE93BD3FBB9B45" authority="Brulle" authorityName="Brulle" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">bifasciata Brullé</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ det.
|
||
<determinerName id="7E68DA46FFCCFFE1FEE693913EF39B45" box="[287,401,1785,1811]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">J. Wiesner</determinerName>
|
||
, 1979”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCCFFE1FE1C93913DE59B45" box="[485,647,1785,1811]" collectionCode="JWCW" country="Venezuela" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FE1C93913D6D9B45" box="[485,527,1785,1811]" count="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCCFFE1FDCD93913DE59B45" box="[564,647,1785,1811]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">JWCW</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCCFFE1FD6B93913EA89B61" country="Venezuela" location="Buena Vista" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1">
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCCFFE1FD6793913C699B45" box="[670,779,1785,1811]" name="Venezuela" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
/
|
||
<location id="8ED46059FFCCFFE1FCDB93913CC49B45" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A28794FFCFFFF0FF6E92773AFE9F90:8ED46059FFCCFFE1FCDB93913CC49B45" box="[802,934,1785,1811]" country="Venezuela" name="Buena Vista" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Buena Vista</location>
|
||
” // “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FC2193913A609B45" authorityName="sensu Dejean" authorityYear="1825" box="[984,1282,1785,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">Megacephala aequinoctialis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FAF393913E319B61" authority="Dej. Dr. K. Mandl" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">aequinoctialis Dej.Dr. K. Mandl</taxonomicName>
|
||
det. 1976”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCCFFE1FE2C92753DB39B61" box="[469,721,1821,1847]" collectionCode="JWCW" country="Venezuela" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="3">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FE2C92753D719B61" box="[469,531,1821,1847]" count="3" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FDE692753D3E9B61" box="[543,604,1821,1847]" count="3" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCCFFE1FD8792753DB39B61" box="[638,721,1821,1847]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">JWCW</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCCFFE1FD2292753B609B0D" collectingDate="1990-04-10" collectorName="A. Kierst" country="Venezuela" determinerName="J. Wiesner" location="Tucupita - Manamo" municipality="Orinoco Delta" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1">
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCCFFE1FD1E92753C369B61" box="[743,852,1821,1847]" name="Venezuela" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD0ACF8FFCCFFE1FCA292753C939B61" box="[859,1009,1821,1847]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Orinoco Delta</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
/
|
||
<location id="8ED46059FFCCFFE1FBFF92753BBF9B61" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A28794FFCFFFF0FF6E92773AFE9F90:8ED46059FFCCFFE1FBFF92753BBF9B61" box="[1030,1245,1821,1847]" country="Venezuela" municipality="Orinoco Delta" name="Tucupita - Manamo" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Tucupita – Manamo</location>
|
||
/
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFCCFFE1FB0A92753A089B61" box="[1267,1386,1821,1847]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1990-04-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF1E9AAFFCCFFE1FB0A92753A089B61" box="[1267,1386,1821,1847]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1990-04-10">10.IV.1990</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26FE5354FFCCFFE1FF6E92293F999B0D" box="[151,251,1857,1883]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">A. Kierst</collectorName>
|
||
” // “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FED192293D339B0D" box="[296,593,1857,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">Megacephala aequinoctialis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCCFFE1FDAE92293C669B0D" authority="Brulle" authorityName="Brulle" authorityYear="1837" box="[599,772,1857,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">bifasciata Brullé</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ det.
|
||
<determinerName id="7E68DA46FFCCFFE1FCBC92293CD79B0D" box="[837,949,1857,1883]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">J. Wiesner</determinerName>
|
||
, 1990”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCCFFE1FBF592293B869B0D" box="[1036,1252,1857,1883]" collectionCode="CJVB" country="Venezuela" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FBF592293B289B0D" box="[1036,1098,1857,1883]" count="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FBAF92293B1C9B0D" box="[1110,1150,1857,1883]" count="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCCFFE1FB6692293B869B0D" box="[1183,1252,1857,1883]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">CJVB</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCCFFE1FB1692293D829B29" collectingDate="1996-04-01" collectingDateMax="1996-04-10" collectingDateMin="1996-04-01" country="Venezuela" location="Orinoco Island" municipality="Amazonia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1">
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCCFFE1FB0392293A059B0D" box="[1274,1383,1857,1883]" name="Venezuela" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
/ ter.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD0ACF8FFCCFFE1FF6E920D3E669B29" box="[151,260,1893,1919]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Amazonia</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
/
|
||
<location id="8ED46059FFCCFFE1FEE0920D3ED49B29" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A28794FFCFFFF0FF6E92773AFE9F90:8ED46059FFCCFFE1FEE0920D3ED49B29" box="[281,438,1893,1919]" country="Venezuela" municipality="Amazonia" name="Orinoco Island" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Orinoco Island</location>
|
||
/
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFCCFFE1FE32920D3D3E9B29" box="[459,604,1893,1919]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1996-04-01" valueMax="1996-04-10" valueMin="1996-04-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF1E9AAFFCCFFE1FE32920D3D3E9B29" box="[459,604,1893,1919]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1996-04-01" valueMax="1996-04-10" valueMin="1996-04-01">1.-10.IV.1996</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
Šebela lgt.”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCCFFE1FD13920D3C1F9B29" box="[746,893,1893,1919]" collectionCode="CCJM" country="Venezuela" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FD13920D3C709B29" box="[746,786,1893,1919]" count="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCCFFE1FCCD920D3C1F9B29" box="[820,893,1893,1919]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">CCJM</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCCFFE1FC7E920D3B779B29" box="[903,1045,1893,1919]" collectionCode="JBCB" country="Venezuela" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FC7E920D3CCD9B29" box="[903,943,1893,1919]" count="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCCFFE1FC28920D3B779B29" box="[977,1045,1893,1919]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">JBCB</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCCFFE1FBE6920D3E1F9BF3" collectingDate="1996-04" country="Venezuela" location="Orinoco San Fernando" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1">
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCCFFE1FBD3920D3BF59B29" box="[1066,1175,1893,1919]" name="Venezuela" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
/
|
||
<location id="8ED46059FFCCFFE1FB52920D3AFE9B29" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A28794FFCFFFF0FF6E92773AFE9F90:8ED46059FFCCFFE1FB52920D3AFE9B29" box="[1195,1436,1893,1919]" country="Venezuela" name="Orinoco San Fernando" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Orinoco San Fernando</location>
|
||
/
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFCCFFE1FF5C92E13F9B9BF5" box="[165,249,1929,1955]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1996-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF1E9AAFFCCFFE1FF5C92E13F9B9BF5" box="[165,249,1929,1955]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1996-04">IV.1996</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
leg Šebela”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCCFFE1FE7E92E13D7D9BF5" box="[391,543,1929,1955]" collectionCode="MKPC" country="Venezuela" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FE7E92E13ECD9BF5" box="[391,431,1929,1955]" count="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCCFFE1FE2B92E13D7D9BF5" box="[466,543,1929,1955]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">MKPC</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCCFFE1FDD492E13A0A9BF5" box="[557,1384,1929,1957]" collectingDate="1987-02-29" country="Venezuela" location="Caicara de Orinoco" municipality="Edo." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bolivar">
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCCFFE1FDC092E13DC49BF5" box="[569,678,1929,1955]" name="Venezuela" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD0ACF8FFCCFFE1FD4392E13D8F9BF5" box="[698,749,1929,1955]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Edo.</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CFF860FFCCFFE1FD0A92E13C209BF5" box="[755,834,1929,1955]" country="Venezuela" name="Bolivar" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Bolivar</collectingRegion>
|
||
/
|
||
<location id="8ED46059FFCCFFE1FCAE92E13B449BF5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A28794FFCFFFF0FF6E92773AFE9F90:8ED46059FFCCFFE1FCAE92E13B449BF5" box="[855,1062,1929,1955]" country="Venezuela" municipality="Edo." name="Caicara de Orinoco" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" stateProvince="Bolivar">Caicara de Orinoco</location>
|
||
/
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFCCFFE1FBC292E13BC99BF5" box="[1083,1195,1929,1955]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1987-02-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF1E9AAFFCCFFE1FBC292E13BC99BF5" box="[1083,1195,1929,1955]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="1987-02-29">29.II.1987</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, Milan KřÍž lget”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCCFFE1FA8A92E13F9E9B91" collectionCode="CCJM" country="Venezuela" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Bolivar">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FA8A92E13AFE9BF5" box="[1395,1436,1929,1955]" count="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCCFFE1FF4B92C53F9E9B91" box="[178,252,1965,1991]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">CCJM</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCCFFE1FEFF92C53C5E9B91" box="[262,828,1965,1991]" collectionCode="COSJ" country="Bolivia" location="Rio Seco" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Sta. Cruz">
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCCFFE1FEF692C53E3D9B91" box="[271,351,1965,1991]" name="Bolivia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
<location id="8ED46059FFCCFFE1FE9F92C53EA49B91" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A28794FFCFFFF0FF6E92773AFE9F90:8ED46059FFCCFFE1FE9F92C53EA49B91" box="[358,454,1965,1991]" country="Bolivia" name="Rio Seco" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" stateProvince="Sta. Cruz">Rio Seco</location>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CFF860FFCCFFE1FE2392C53D229B91" box="[474,576,1965,1991]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Sta. Cruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
”.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FDAC92C53DF09B91" box="[597,658,1965,1991]" count="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FD6792C53DB99B91" box="[670,731,1965,1991]" count="3" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCCFFE1FD0292C53C5E9B91" box="[763,828,1965,1991]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">COSJ</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCCFFE1FCBE92C53CB89B91" box="[839,986,1965,1991]" collectionCode="CCJM" country="Bolivia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sta. Cruz">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FCBE92C53C0D9B91" box="[839,879,1965,1991]" count="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCCFFE1FC6992C53CB89B91" box="[912,986,1965,1991]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">CCJM</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCCFFE1FC1D92C53A6F9BBD" collectingDate="2020-01-21" collectorName="O. Safranek & M. Amaya" country="Bolivia" elevation="640" latitude="-20.834167" location="Machareti" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-63.314167" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chuquisaca">
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCCFFE1FC1792C53B5C9B91" box="[1006,1086,1965,1991]" name="Bolivia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
–
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CFF860FFCCFFE1FBA192C53BB69B91" box="[1112,1236,1965,1991]" country="Bolivia" name="Chuquisaca" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Chuquisaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
dept. /
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A062FA0FFCCFFE1FAD892C53E759BBD" location="Villamontes" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B67FFCCFFE1FAD892C53A079B91" box="[1313,1381,1965,1992]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
|
||
N of Villamontes
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
/
|
||
<location id="8ED46059FFCCFFE1FED392B93EF79BBD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A28794FFCFFFF0FF6E92773AFE9F90:8ED46059FFCCFFE1FED392B93EF79BBD" box="[298,405,2001,2027]" country="Bolivia" latitude="-20.834167" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-63.314167" name="Machareti" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" stateProvince="Chuquisaca">Machareti</location>
|
||
env.,
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFCCFFE1FE2A92B93D559BBD" box="[467,567,2001,2027]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2020-01-21">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF1E9AAFFCCFFE1FE2A92B93D559BBD" box="[467,567,2001,2027]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2020-01-21">21.I.2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
/
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5045FFCCFFE1FDB292B93DAC9BBD" box="[587,718,2001,2028]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="15" seconds="03" value="-20.834167">20°50´03´´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5045FFCCFFE1FD2292B93C0A9BBA" box="[731,872,2001,2028]" degrees="63" direction="west" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="15" seconds="51" value="-63.314167">63°18´51´´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B67FFCCFFE1FC8B92B93CD79BBD" box="[882,949,2001,2027]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="640.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0026D1B1FFCCFFE1FC8B92B93CD79BBD" box="[882,949,2001,2027]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="640.0">640 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectorName id="26FE5354FFCCFFE1FC3092B93B259BBB" box="[969,1095,2001,2029]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">O. Šafránek</collectorName>
|
||
et
|
||
<collectorName id="26FE5354FFCCFFE1FB9F92B93BB49BBD" box="[1126,1238,2001,2027]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. Amaya</collectorName>
|
||
lgt.”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCCFFE0FAEE92B93F969CE7" collectionCode="COSJ" country="Bolivia" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Chuquisaca">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FAEE92B93A369BBD" box="[1303,1364,2001,2027]" count="3" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCCFFE1FAA692B93AFE9BBD" box="[1375,1436,2001,2027]" count="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCDFFE0FF4A95FF3F969CE7" box="[179,244,151,177]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">COSJ</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCDFFE0FF0695FF3EF79CE7" box="[255,405,151,177]" collectionCode="CCJM" country="Bolivia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Chuquisaca">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCDFFE0FF0695FF3E459CE7" box="[255,295,151,177]" count="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCDFFE0FEB295FF3EF79CE7" box="[331,405,151,177]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">CCJM</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCDFFE0FE6695FF3E8F9C83" collectingDate="2016-01-24" collectorName="O. Safranek" country="Bolivia" elevation="495" latitude="-18.661943" location="Rio Seco" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-63.240555" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCDFFE0FE5095FF3E999CE7" box="[425,507,151,177]" name="Bolivia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CFF860FFCDFFE0FDFF95FF3D1E9CE7" box="[518,636,151,177]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
depart./
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A062FA0FFCDFFE0FD2095FF3CAA9CE7" box="[729,968,151,177]" location="Cabezas" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B67FFCDFFE0FD2095FF3C7F9CE7" box="[729,797,151,177]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="km" value="18.0">18 km</quantity>
|
||
NE of Cabezas
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8ED46059FFCDFFE0FC2A95FF3B579CE7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A28794FFCFFFF0FF6E92773AFE9F90:8ED46059FFCDFFE0FC2A95FF3B579CE7" box="[979,1077,151,177]" country="Bolivia" latitude="-18.661943" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-63.240555" name="Rio Seco" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">Rio Seco</location>
|
||
/
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5045FFCDFFE0FBB395FF3BAF9CE7" box="[1098,1229,151,177]" degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" precision="15" seconds="43" value="-18.661943">18°39´43´´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5045FFCDFFE0FB2295FF3A0A9CE7" box="[1243,1384,151,177]" degrees="63" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" precision="15" seconds="26" value="-63.240555">63°14´26´´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B67FFCDFFE0FA8D95FE3FCE9C83" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="495.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0026D1B1FFCDFFE0FA8D95FE3FCE9C83" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="495.0">495 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
/
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFCDFFE0FF3A95D33E4B9C83" box="[195,297,187,213]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2016-01-24">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF1E9AAFFCDFFE0FF3A95D33E4B9C83" box="[195,297,187,213]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2016-01-24">24.I.2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26FE5354FFCDFFE0FECF95D33ED79C81" box="[310,437,187,215]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">O. Šafránek</collectorName>
|
||
lgt.”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCDFFE0FE0195D33D889C83" box="[504,746,187,213]" collectionCode="CJVB" country="Bolivia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCDFFE0FE0195D33D559C83" box="[504,567,187,213]" count="3" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCDFFE0FDBD95D33DE39C83" box="[580,641,187,213]" count="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCDFFE0FD5C95D33D889C83" box="[677,746,187,213]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">CJVB</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCDFFE0FD0C95D33B3D9C83" box="[757,1119,187,213]" collectionCode="CJVB" collectorName="Zd. Mracek" country="Bolivia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">
|
||
ibid, except for “
|
||
<collectorName id="26FE5354FFCDFFE0FC5095D33B459C83" box="[937,1063,187,213]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Zd. Mráček</collectorName>
|
||
lgt.”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCDFFE0FB9395D33A539C83" box="[1130,1329,187,213]" collectionCode="COSJ" country="Bolivia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCDFFE0FB9395D33BF79C83" box="[1130,1173,187,213]" count="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCDFFE0FB5B95D33BA99C83" box="[1186,1227,187,213]" count="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCDFFE0FB1695D33A539C83" box="[1263,1329,187,213]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">COSJ</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCDFFE0FAC595D33E5D9D4B" collectingDate="2018-01-18" collectingDateMax="2018-01-20" collectingDateMin="2018-01-18" collectorName="O. Safranek & M. Amaya" country="Bolivia" elevation="332" latitude="-17.483889" location="Buena Vista" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-63.681667" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCDFFE0FABF95D33AFA9C83" box="[1350,1432,187,213]" name="Bolivia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CFF860FFCDFFE0FF6E95B73E6F9CAF" box="[151,269,223,249]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
depart./ cca
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B67FFCDFFE0FE6C95B73EAE9CAF" box="[405,460,223,249]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
|
||
SW from
|
||
<location id="8ED46059FFCDFFE0FDC795B73DDD9CAF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A28794FFCFFFF0FF6E92773AFE9F90:8ED46059FFCDFFE0FDC795B73DDD9CAF" box="[574,703,223,249]" country="Bolivia" latitude="-17.483889" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-63.681667" name="Buena Vista" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">Buena Vista</location>
|
||
/
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5045FFCDFFE0FD2D95B73C359CAF" box="[724,855,223,249]" degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" precision="15" seconds="02" value="-17.483889">17°29´02´´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5045FFCDFFE0FC9C95B63C909CAF" box="[869,1010,222,249]" degrees="63" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" precision="15" seconds="54" value="-63.681667">63°40´54´´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, /
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B67FFCDFFE0FBF595B73B309CAF" box="[1036,1106,223,249]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.32" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="332.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0026D1B1FFCDFFE0FBF595B73B309CAF" box="[1036,1106,223,249]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.32" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="332.0">332 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFCDFFE0FBA795B73B8E9CAF" box="[1118,1260,223,249]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2018-01-18" valueMax="2018-01-20" valueMin="2018-01-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF1E9AAFFCDFFE0FBA795B73B8E9CAF" box="[1118,1260,223,249]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2018-01-18" valueMax="2018-01-20" valueMin="2018-01-18">18.-20.I.2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectorName id="26FE5354FFCDFFE0FAFB95B73AE39CAD" box="[1282,1409,223,251]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">O. Šafránek</collectorName>
|
||
et
|
||
<collectorName id="26FE5354FFCDFFE0FF6E946B3E659D4B" box="[151,263,259,285]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">M. Amaya</collectorName>
|
||
lgt.”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF74660AFFCDFFE0FF6E92143B4D9BEE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376656" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10376656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376656/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" startId="43.[151,264,1916,1940]" targetBox="[183,1379,339,1838]" targetPageId="43" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCDFFE0FF6E92143B4D9BEE" blockId="43.[151,1436,1916,1977]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCDFFE0FF6E92143E0F9BC2" bold="true" box="[151,365,1916,1940]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">FIGURES 161–164.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCDFFE0FE8B92143E9A9BC2" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[370,504,1916,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCDFFE0FE8B92143E9A9BC2" box="[370,504,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCDFFE0FE0492153D879BC2" authority="(Brulle)" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[509,741,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCDFFE0FDFF92153D779BC2" box="[518,533,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCDFFE0FDD092143DEF9BC2" box="[553,653,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
(Brullé)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Moxos, Bolivia, ♂, 18.5 mm, LT (MNHN). 161—habitus, 18.5 mm; 162—labrum; 163—lateral view; 164—labels. Bars = 1 mm. Image credit Luboš Purchart.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCAFFE7FF3E95FF3A0D9D87" blockId="44.[151,1437,150,465]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Specimens with sparse or dense but mostly short setae.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCAFFE7FCF695FF3E4A9C83" collectingDate="1994-11-20" collectingDateMax="1994-11-25" collectingDateMin="1994-11-20" collectorName="R. Preto" country="Brazil" location="Brasil" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCAFFE7FCF695FF3C299CE7" box="[783,843,151,177]" count="3" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in MHCP: “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCAFFE7FC3695FF3B729CE7" box="[975,1040,151,177]" name="Brazil" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Brasil</collectingCountry>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectorName id="26FE5354FFCAFFE7FBDD95FF3B199CE7" box="[1060,1147,151,177]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">R. Preto</collectorName>
|
||
da I Eva /
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFCAFFE7FB1595FE3AEC9CE7" box="[1260,1422,150,177]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1994-11-20" valueMax="1994-11-25" valueMin="1994-11-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF1E9AAFFCAFFE7FB1595FE3AEC9CE7" box="[1260,1422,150,177]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1994-11-20" valueMax="1994-11-25" valueMin="1994-11-20">20.-25.XI.1994</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
/ Hrdý M. lgt.”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCAFFE7FEC895D33D7C9C83" box="[305,542,187,213]" collectionCode="CCJM" country="Brazil" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="2">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCAFFE7FEC895D33E0C9C83" box="[305,366,187,213]" count="2" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCAFFE7FE8095D33ED79C83" box="[377,437,187,213]" count="4" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCAFFE7FE2C95D33D7C9C83" box="[469,542,187,213]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">CCJM</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCAFFE7FDDE95D33DC69CAF" collectingDate="1989-10-04" collectionCode="CJVB" collectorName="M. Hrabovsky" country="Brazil" county="Amazonas" location="Manaus" municipality="Rio Negro" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCAFFE7FDDE95D33D069C83" box="[551,612,187,213]" count="2" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCAFFE7FD9695D33DF49C83" box="[623,662,187,213]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCAFFE7FD4F95D33D999C83" box="[694,763,187,213]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">CJVB</collectionCode>
|
||
: “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCAFFE7FCF795D33C309C83" box="[782,850,187,213]" name="Brazil" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62D54E0EFFCAFFE7FCA295D33CAE9C83" box="[859,972,187,213]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Amazonas</collectingCounty>
|
||
/ L. bank of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD0ACF8FFCAFFE7FBB695D33BDC9C83" box="[1103,1214,187,213]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Rio Negro</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
/
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B67FFCAFFE7FB2895D33A649C83" box="[1233,1286,187,213]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
|
||
N. of
|
||
<location id="8ED46059FFCAFFE7FABE95D33AFE9C83" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A28794FFCFFFF0FF6E92773AFE9F90:8ED46059FFCAFFE7FABE95D33AFE9C83" box="[1351,1436,187,213]" country="Brazil" county="Amazonas" municipality="Rio Negro" name="Manaus" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Manaus</location>
|
||
/ on white sand beach /
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFCAFFE7FE6895B73E979CAF" box="[401,501,223,249]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1989-10-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF1E9AAFFCAFFE7FE6895B73E979CAF" box="[401,501,223,249]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1989-10-04">4.X.1989</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<collectorName id="26FE5354FFCAFFE7FE0295B73DF89CAF" box="[507,666,223,249]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">M. Hrabovsky</collectorName>
|
||
”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCAFFE7FD5495B73A2D9CAF" box="[685,1359,223,249]" collectingDate="1989-10-06" collectionCode="CCJM" country="Brazil" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCAFFE7FD5495B73DB59CAF" box="[685,727,223,249]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCAFFE7FD1A95B73C699CAF" box="[739,779,223,249]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCAFFE7FCD495B73C119CAF" box="[813,883,223,249]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">CCJM</collectionCode>
|
||
with same label data except for: “
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFCAFFE7FB2595B73A269CAF" box="[1244,1348,223,249]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1989-10-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF1E9AAFFCAFFE7FB2595B73A269CAF" box="[1244,1348,223,249]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1989-10-06">6.X.1989</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCAFFE7FAA095B73E5F9D4B" collectionCode="CCJM" country="Brazil" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCAFFE7FAA095B73AFA9CAF" box="[1369,1432,223,249]" count="2" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCAFFE7FF6E946B3FB69D4B" box="[151,212,259,285]" count="2" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCAFFE7FF0D946B3E5F9D4B" box="[244,317,259,285]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">CCJM</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCAFFE7FEBE946B3AFB9D4B" box="[327,1433,259,285]" collectingDate="1989-09-20" collectingDateMax="1989-10-14" collectingDateMin="1989-09-20" collectionCode="CJVB" collectorName="P. Hrabovsky" country="Brazil" location="Manaus - Rio Negro" municipality="Brasilia - Amazonia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="4">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCAFFE7FEBE946B3EE19D4B" box="[327,387,259,285]" count="4" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCAFFE7FE5D946B3E8B9D4B" box="[420,489,259,285]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">CJVB</collectionCode>
|
||
: “
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD0ACF8FFCAFFE7FE05946B3DB79D4B" box="[508,725,259,285]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Brasilia – Amazonia</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
/
|
||
<location id="8ED46059FFCAFFE7FD10946B3CA49D4B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A28794FFCFFFF0FF6E92773AFE9F90:8ED46059FFCAFFE7FD10946B3CA49D4B" box="[745,966,259,285]" country="Brazil" municipality="Brasilia - Amazonia" name="Manaus - Rio Negro" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Manaus – Rio Negro</location>
|
||
/
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFCAFFE7FC23946B3BED9D4B" box="[986,1167,259,285]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1989-09-20" valueMax="1989-10-14" valueMin="1989-09-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF1E9AAFFCAFFE7FC23946B3BED9D4B" box="[986,1167,259,285]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1989-09-20" valueMax="1989-10-14" valueMin="1989-09-20">20.IX-14.X.1989</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
/ M +
|
||
<collectorName id="26FE5354FFCAFFE7FB2F946B3A069D4B" box="[1238,1380,259,285]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">P. Hrabovský</collectorName>
|
||
leg”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCAFFE7FF6E944F3C949D17" box="[151,1014,295,321]" collectingDate="1993-02-26" collectionCode="CCJM" collectorName="M. Hrabovsky" country="Brazil" location="Rio Negro" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCAFFE7FF6E944F3FDD9D17" box="[151,191,295,321]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCAFFE7FF1B944F3E4E9D17" box="[226,300,295,321]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">CCJM</collectionCode>
|
||
: “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCAFFE7FEC6944F3EE19D17" box="[319,387,295,321]" name="Brazil" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Mandioka Is.
|
||
<location id="8ED46059FFCAFFE7FDD8944F3DF39D17" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A28794FFCFFFF0FF6E92773AFE9F90:8ED46059FFCAFFE7FDD8944F3DF39D17" box="[545,657,295,321]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Negro" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Rio Negro</location>
|
||
/
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFCAFFE7FD5F944F3C779D17" box="[678,789,295,321]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1993-02-26">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF1E9AAFFCAFFE7FD5F944F3C779D17" box="[678,789,295,321]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1993-02-26">26.II.1993</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26FE5354FFCAFFE7FCD9944F3CD99D17" box="[800,955,295,321]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">M. Hrabovsky</collectorName>
|
||
leg.”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCAFFE7FBF9944F3BF69D17" box="[1024,1172,295,321]" collectionCode="CCJM" country="Brazil" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCAFFE7FBF9944F3B4A9D17" box="[1024,1064,295,321]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCAFFE7FBB2944F3BF69D17" box="[1099,1172,295,321]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">CCJM</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCAFFE7FB67944F3C579D33" collectingDate="1989-09-30" collectionCode="CJVB" collectorName="M. Hrabovsky" country="Brazil" county="Brasilia" location="Rio Tapajos" municipality="Santarem" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Para">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCAFFE7FB67944F3BA49D17" box="[1182,1222,295,321]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCAFFE7FB11944F3A4F9D17" box="[1256,1325,295,321]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">CJVB</collectionCode>
|
||
: “
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62D54E0EFFCAFFE7FABB944F3AFB9D17" box="[1346,1433,295,321]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Brasilia</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CFF860FFCAFFE7FF6E94233FA49D33" box="[151,198,331,357]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Pará</collectingRegion>
|
||
–
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD0ACF8FFCAFFE7FF2794233E209D33" box="[222,322,331,357]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Santarem</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
/
|
||
<location id="8ED46059FFCAFFE7FEAC94233EB09D33" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A28794FFCFFFF0FF6E92773AFE9F90:8ED46059FFCAFFE7FEAC94233EB09D33" box="[341,466,331,357]" country="Brazil" county="Brasilia" municipality="Santarem" name="Rio Tapajos" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Para">Rio Tapajos</location>
|
||
/
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFCAFFE7FE1D94233D3E9D33" box="[484,604,331,357]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1989-09-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF1E9AAFFCAFFE7FE1D94233D3E9D33" box="[484,604,331,357]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1989-09-30">30.IX.1989</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<collectorName id="26FE5354FFCAFFE7FD9B94233D999D33" box="[610,763,331,357]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">M. Hrabovský</collectorName>
|
||
leg.”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCAFFE7FCC794233E819DDF" collectingDate="1989-10-01" collectionCode="CJVB" collectorName="M. Hrabovsky" country="Brazil" location="Santarem" municipality="Brasilia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Para">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCAFFE7FCC794233C079D33" box="[830,869,331,357]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCAFFE7FC7D94233CAB9D33" box="[900,969,331,357]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">CJVB</collectionCode>
|
||
: “
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD0ACF8FFCAFFE7FC2594233B509D33" box="[988,1074,331,357]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Brasilia</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CFF860FFCAFFE7FBC594233B099D33" box="[1084,1131,331,357]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Pará</collectingRegion>
|
||
–
|
||
<location id="8ED46059FFCAFFE7FB7A94233B859D33" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A28794FFCFFFF0FF6E92773AFE9F90:8ED46059FFCAFFE7FB7A94233B859D33" box="[1155,1255,331,357]" country="Brazil" municipality="Brasilia" name="Santarem" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Para">Santarem</location>
|
||
/ stony port bank /
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFCAFFE7FF5C94073E6A9DDF" box="[165,264,367,393]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1989-10-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF1E9AAFFCAFFE7FF5C94073E6A9DDF" box="[165,264,367,393]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1989-10-01">1.X.1989</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<collectorName id="26FE5354FFCAFFE7FEF794073ECA9DDF" box="[270,424,367,393]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">M. Hrabovský</collectorName>
|
||
leg.”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCAFFE7FE1794073BDE9DDF" box="[494,1212,367,393]" collectionCode="CDCL" country="Brazil" location="Obidos" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Para">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCAFFE7FE1794073D7A9DDF" box="[494,536,367,393]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCAFFE7FDDA94073D299DDF" box="[547,587,367,393]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCAFFE7FD9494073DD79DDF" box="[621,693,367,393]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">CDCL</collectionCode>
|
||
: “
|
||
<location id="8ED46059FFCAFFE7FD3794073C7F9DDF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A28794FFCFFFF0FF6E92773AFE9F90:8ED46059FFCAFFE7FD3794073C7F9DDF" box="[718,797,367,393]" country="Brazil" name="Obidos" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Para">Obidos</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CFF860FFCAFFE7FCD194073C359DDF" box="[808,855,367,393]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Para</collectingRegion>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCAFFE7FC9294073CCF9DDF" box="[875,941,367,393]" name="Brazil" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Brésil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Mai. 86 / Dheurle. Coll”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCAFFE7FB3F94073D619DFB" collectionCode="CDCL" country="Brazil" location="Sao Paulo" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCAFFE7FB3F94073B929DDF" box="[1222,1264,367,393]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCAFFE7FB0294073A479DDF" box="[1275,1317,367,393]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
: in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCAFFE7FAB594073AF69DDF" box="[1356,1428,367,393]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">CDCL</collectionCode>
|
||
: “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCAFFE7FF5894FB3F809DFB" box="[161,226,403,429]" name="Brazil" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Brésil</collectingCountry>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CFF860FFCAFFE7FF0C94FB3E3D9DFB" box="[245,351,403,429]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Sao Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
/ d’ Olivençia”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCAFFE7FDF594FB3D7E9D87" collectingDate="1994-11-20" collectingDateMax="1994-11-25" collectingDateMin="1994-11-20" collectorName="R. Preto" country="Brazil" location="Brasil" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCAFFE7FDF594FB3D289DFB" box="[524,586,403,429]" count="2" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCAFFE7FDAC94FB3DF09DFB" box="[597,658,403,429]" count="2" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in MHCP: “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCAFFE7FCEF94FB3C359DFB" box="[790,855,403,429]" name="Brazil" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Brasil</collectingCountry>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectorName id="26FE5354FFCAFFE7FC9394FB3CA39DFB" box="[874,961,403,429]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">R. Preto</collectorName>
|
||
da I Eva /
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFCAFFE7FBCB94FA3BB69DFB" box="[1074,1236,402,429]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1994-11-20" valueMax="1994-11-25" valueMin="1994-11-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF1E9AAFFCAFFE7FBCB94FA3BB69DFB" box="[1074,1236,402,429]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1994-11-20" valueMax="1994-11-25" valueMin="1994-11-20">20.-25.XI.1994</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
/ Hrdý M. lgt.”. Evidently mislabelled specimen
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFCAFFE7FDDC94DF3A089D87" box="[549,1386,439,465]" collectionCode="JWCW" collectorName="Distribution" country="Argentina" location="Corientes" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFCAFFE7FDDC94DF3D2F9D87" box="[549,589,439,465]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFCAFFE7FD9794DF3DA29D87" box="[622,704,439,465]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">JWCW</collectionCode>
|
||
: “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCAFFE7FD2F94DF3C5D9D87" box="[726,831,439,465]" name="Argentina" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
/
|
||
<location id="8ED46059FFCAFFE7FCAA94DF3CD99D87" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A28794FFCFFFF0FF6E92773AFE9F90:8ED46059FFCAFFE7FCAA94DF3CD99D87" box="[851,955,439,465]" country="Argentina" name="Corientes" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Corientes</location>
|
||
” [see “
|
||
<collectorName id="26FE5354FFCAFFE7FBFA94DF3BE79D87" box="[1027,1157,439,465]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Distribution</collectorName>
|
||
and ecology” below]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF74660AFFCAFFE7FF6E92C33DAD9BB1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376660" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10376660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376660/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" startId="44.[151,264,1963,1987]" targetBox="[266,1356,501,1915]" targetPageId="44" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCAFFE7FF6E92C33DAD9BB1" blockId="44.[151,1436,1963,2023]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCAFFE7FF6E92C33E0F9B95" bold="true" box="[151,365,1963,1987]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">FIGURES 165–168.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCAFFE7FE8A92C33E9B9B95" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[371,505,1963,1987]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCAFFE7FE8A92C33E9B9B95" box="[371,505,1963,1987]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCAFFE7FE0692C33D8B9B95" authority="(Brulle)" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[511,745,1963,1987]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCAFFE7FDF192C43D759B95" box="[520,535,1964,1987]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCAFFE7FDD592C33DF29B95" box="[556,656,1963,1987]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
(Brullé)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♂ from Nariño, Colombia (CCJM). 165—habitus, 17.5 mm; 166— pronotum; 167—aedeagus; 168—labrum. Bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF74660AFFCBFFE6FF6E91A53E40995F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376664" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10376664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376664/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" startId="45.[151,264,1229,1253]" targetBox="[173,1415,194,1192]" targetPageId="45" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCBFFE6FF6E91A53E40995F" blockId="45.[151,1437,1229,1289]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCBFFE6FF6E91A53E0C98B3" bold="true" box="[151,366,1229,1253]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">FIGURES 169–172.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCBFFE6FE8C91A53E9998B3" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[373,507,1229,1253]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCBFFE6FE8C91A53E9998B3" box="[373,507,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCBFFE6FDFB91A53D8F98B3" authority="(Brulle)" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[514,749,1229,1253]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCBFFE6FDF391A63D7B98B3" box="[522,537,1230,1253]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCBFFE6FDC991A53DF698B3" box="[560,660,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
(Brullé)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♂ from Nariño, Colombia (CCJM), elytron and its surface details. Bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3116509FFCBFFF2FF3E905F3CED9FD7" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCBFFE6FF3E905F3EAF9A27" blockId="45.[151,1437,1335,2010]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCBFFE6FF3E905F3D1E9907" bold="true" box="[199,636,1335,1361]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Differential diagnosis and variability</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCBFFE6FD73905F3C7C9907" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[650,798,1335,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCBFFE6FD73905F3C7C9907" box="[650,798,1335,1361]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCBFFE6FCDD905F3CA19907" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[804,963,1335,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCBFFE6FCD790503C5D9907" box="[814,831,1336,1361]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCBFFE6FCAC905F3CA19907" box="[853,963,1335,1361]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the largest species of the nominotypical subgenus, adults are 15–18 (–19) mm long, outer elytral margins more or less distinctly attenuated towards apices, particularly notably in males, less distinctly in females. The mandibles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFCBFFE6FC3390173B5299CF" box="[970,1072,1407,1433]" captionStart="FIGURES 173–179" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1925,1949]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,286,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-77@46.[166,1422,273,1902]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 173–179. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), from Peru. 173—head, ♂, Rio Palcazu (COSJ); 174—labrum, ♂, ibid.; 175–176—aedeagus: 175—Rio Palcazu (COSJ); 176—Iquitos (JWCW); 177–179—elytron and details of its surface, Iquitos (JWCW). Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376666/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figs 173</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFCBFFE6FBC490173B0899CF" box="[1085,1130,1407,1433]" captionStart="FIGURES 202–211" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,189,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-30@50.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 202–211. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), from Cabezas, Bolivia (COSJ). 202—habitus, ♂, 15.3 mm; 203— mandibles, ♂; 204–205—labrum: 204—♂; 205—♀; 206—maxillae, ♂; 207–211—elytra: 207–208—♂♂; 209—♀; 210 ♂; 211—ditto, surface detail. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376674/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">203</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFCBFFE6FB8E90173BC699CF" box="[1143,1188,1407,1433]" captionStart="FIGURES 221–226" captionStartId="52.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[172,1419,194,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-30@52.[159,1428,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 221–226. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), from Orinoco, Venezuela. 221—habitus, ♂, 18 mm, San Fern- ando (CCJM); 222—mandibles, ♂, Tucupita (JWCW); 223–224—labrum: 223—♂, San Fernando (CCJM); 224—♀, Tucupita (JWCW); 225—pronotum, ♂, San Fernando (CCJM); 226—ditto, surface detail. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376678/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">222</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFCBFFE6FB4990173A7699CF" box="[1200,1300,1407,1433]" captionStart="FIGURES 235–240" captionStartId="54.[151,264,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[166,1423,191,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-30@54.[153,1434,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURES 235–240. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), from Manaus—Rio Negro, Brazil (CCJM). 235—habitus, ♂, 14.5 mm; 236—head; 237—mandibles, ♂; 238–240—male labrum. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376682" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376682/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">236–237</figureCitation>
|
||
) are similar to all preceding species, except for the presence of fourth tooth (in each mandible), which is in the nominotypical subgenus shared only with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCBFFE6FE3790A03D1C99B7" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[462,638,1479,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruciata" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCBFFE6FE3790A03EBD99B7" box="[462,479,1480,1505]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">P</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCBFFE6FE0E90A03D6A99B7" box="[503,520,1480,1505]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCBFFE6FDD890A03D1C99B7" box="[545,638,1480,1505]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">cruciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The labrum is also of the same transverse shape with rounded lateral margins. The elytral shape and generally finer umbilicate punctation on the anteromedian area (within black areas) differentiate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCBFFE6FED193783E8B9A7F" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[296,489,1551,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCBFFE6FED193783E5B9A7F" box="[296,313,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">P</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCBFFE6FEA893783E009A7F" box="[337,354,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCBFFE6FE8293673E8B9A7F" box="[379,489,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCBFFE6FDC993783D829A7F" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[560,736,1551,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruciata" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCBFFE6FDC993783D239A7F" box="[560,577,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">P</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCBFFE6FDA393783D099A7F" box="[602,619,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCBFFE6FD7A93783D829A7F" box="[643,736,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">cruciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although the roughness of the sculpture is rather variable, as also is the elytral setal vesture, particularly in different populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCBFFE6FC4F935C3B159A1B" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[950,1143,1587,1614]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCBFFE6FC4F935C3CA59A1B" box="[950,967,1588,1613]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">P</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCBFFE6FC26935C3C929A1B" box="[991,1008,1588,1613]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCBFFE6FBF0935B3B159A1B" box="[1033,1143,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as also obvious from the illustrations presented here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCBFFE6FF3E93133D1C9AEF" blockId="45.[151,1437,1335,2010]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
During our revision of many specimens from different countries and places, we have found the following three “patterns” among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCBFFE6FE9A93C83E8E9AEF" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[355,492,1695,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCBFFE6FE9A93C83E8E9AEF" box="[355,492,1695,1721]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">P. bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCBFFE6FF3E93AB3B8B9BC7" blockId="45.[151,1437,1335,2010]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<location id="8ED46059FFCBFFE6FF3E93AB3E709A8B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A28794FFCFFFF0FF6E92773AFE9F90:8ED46059FFCBFFE6FF3E93AB3E709A8B" box="[199,274,1731,1757]" country="Peru" name="Adults" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Adults</location>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCBFFE6FEA193AC3EE99A88" box="[344,395,1732,1758]" name="Peru" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCBFFE6FE3D93AB3D509A8B" box="[452,562,1731,1757]" name="Colombia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
but also partly from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCBFFE6FCDB93AB3C049A8B" box="[802,870,1731,1757]" name="Brazil" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCBFFE6FC6693AB3C939A8B" box="[927,1009,1731,1757]" name="Bolivia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(“pattern 1” –
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFCBFFE6FB6493AB3A5A9A8B" box="[1181,1336,1731,1757]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 161–164" captionStart-1="FIGURES 165–168" captionStart-2="FIGURES 169–172" captionStart-3="FIGURES 173–179" captionStart-4="FIGURES 180–186" captionStart-5="FIGURES 187–189" captionStart-6="FIGURES 190–201" captionStartId-0="43.[151,264,1916,1940]" captionStartId-1="44.[151,264,1963,1987]" captionStartId-2="45.[151,264,1229,1253]" captionStartId-3="46.[151,264,1925,1949]" captionStartId-4="47.[151,264,1855,1879]" captionStartId-5="48.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionStartId-6="49.[151,264,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox-0="[183,1379,339,1838]" captionTargetBox-1="[266,1356,501,1915]" captionTargetBox-2="[173,1415,194,1192]" captionTargetBox-3="[178,1410,286,1892]" captionTargetBox-4="[161,1428,190,1818]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1421,181,1825]" captionTargetBox-6="[159,1427,192,1778]" captionTargetId-0="figure-148@43.[177,1383,338,1850]" captionTargetId-1="figure-313@44.[260,1367,489,1925]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@45.[160,1428,181,1205]" captionTargetId-3="figure-77@46.[166,1422,273,1902]" captionTargetId-4="figure-17@47.[151,1436,181,1831]" captionTargetId-5="figure-30@48.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetId-6="figure-17@49.[151,1436,181,1788]" captionTargetPageId-0="43" captionTargetPageId-1="44" captionTargetPageId-2="45" captionTargetPageId-3="46" captionTargetPageId-4="47" captionTargetPageId-5="48" captionTargetPageId-6="49" captionText-0="FIGURES 161–164. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), Moxos, Bolivia, ♂, 18.5 mm, LT (MNHN). 161—habitus, 18.5 mm; 162—labrum; 163—lateral view; 164—labels. Bars = 1 mm. Image credit Luboš Purchart." captionText-1="FIGURES 165–168. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), ♂ from Nariño, Colombia (CCJM). 165—habitus, 17.5 mm; 166— pronotum; 167—aedeagus; 168—labrum. Bars = 1 mm." captionText-2="FIGURES 169–172. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), ♂ from Nariño, Colombia (CCJM), elytron and its surface details. Bars = 1 mm." captionText-3="FIGURES 173–179. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), from Peru. 173—head, ♂, Rio Palcazu (COSJ); 174—labrum, ♂, ibid.; 175–176—aedeagus: 175—Rio Palcazu (COSJ); 176—Iquitos (JWCW); 177–179—elytron and details of its surface, Iquitos (JWCW). Bars = 1 mm." captionText-4="FIGURES 180–186. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), from Iquitos, Peru (JWCW). 180—pronotum, ♂; 181—ditto, detail of sculpture; 182–186—elytron: 182—♂; 183—ditto, detail of surface; 184—elytra, ♀; 185–186—ditto, surface details. Bars = 1 mm." captionText-5="FIGURES 187–189. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), ♀, ST of syn. “var.” obscura (Dokhtouroff), “Amazon” (SDEI). 187—habitus, 18.5 mm; 188—labels; 189—labrum. Bars = 1 mm. Image credit Kevin Weissing." captionText-6="FIGURES 190–201. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé).190–196, 198–201—elytra: 190—♀, Brazil, Teffe (CCJM); 191– 192—ditto, details of surface; 193—♀, Brazil, Rio Solimoes (JWCW); 194–196—Bolivia, Rio Cesarsama (JWCW): 194—♀; 195—♂; 196—ditto, surface detail; 197—♂, aedeagus; 198–201—historical specimens ex Chaudoir (MNHN): 198—♀, as P. bifasciata; 199—ditto, surface detail; 200—♀, as “P. aequinoctialis”; 201—ditto, surface detail. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376656" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376660" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376664" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376666" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376668" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376670" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376672" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10376656/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10376660/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10376664/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10376666/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/10376668/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/10376670/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/10376672/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figs 161–201</figureCitation>
|
||
) possess mostly the same or similar characters as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFCBFFE6FD61938F3D9D9B57" box="[664,767,1767,1793]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFCBFFE6FCD193803CD69B57" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[808,948,1767,1793]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFCBFFE6FCD193803CD69B57" box="[808,948,1767,1793]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">P. bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(despite the fact that the type comes from Moxos,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFCBFFE6FF0F92633E2F9B73" box="[246,333,1803,1829]" name="Bolivia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Their elytral setosity is mostly very dense, sometimes passing also on the pronotum and head parts. Sometimes the dense setosity is in correlation with finer umbilicate elytral sculpture (within black areas), and these Peruvian and Colombian specimens also have elongated apical portion of their aedeagi. However, both these characters are somewhat variable and aedeagi with shorter apical portions occur in syntopic males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFCBFFE5FF3E92F33C799CAF" blockId="45.[151,1437,1335,2010]" lastBlockId="46.[151,1437,151,249]" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Adult specimens from Manaus /
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CFF860FFCBFFE6FDC992F33DC69BE0" box="[560,676,1947,1974]" country="Uruguay" name="Rio Negro" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Rio Negro</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CFF860FFCBFFE6FD2192F33C2A9BE3" box="[728,840,1947,1973]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Sao Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
d’Olivença (“pattern 2” –
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFCBFFE6FB9792F33A6A9BE0" box="[1134,1288,1947,1974]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 235–240" captionStart-1="FIGURES 241–249" captionStartId-0="54.[151,264,1857,1881]" captionStartId-1="55.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox-0="[166,1423,191,1820]" captionTargetBox-1="[157,1425,189,1838]" captionTargetId-0="figure-30@54.[153,1434,181,1833]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@55.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId-0="54" captionTargetPageId-1="55" captionText-0="FIGURES 235–240. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), from Manaus—Rio Negro, Brazil (CCJM). 235—habitus, ♂, 14.5 mm; 236—head; 237—mandibles, ♂; 238–240—male labrum. Bars = 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 241–249. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), from Manaus—Rio Negro, Brazil (CCJM). 241—habitus, ♀, 18.5 mm; 242–249—male elytra and surface details. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376682" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376684" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10376682/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10376684/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figs 235–249</figureCitation>
|
||
) also possess dense setosity on their elytra, but the setae are variably sparser or also shorter (barely visible on light elytral areas), yet present throughout the elytral surface and outer margins; their elytral surface sculpture (on black areas) is mostly coarser, and brown to black areas are mostly yet variably reduced, in some adults even more extended than in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFC8FFE5FA8995D33FA79CAF" captionStart="FIGURES 241–249" captionStartId="55.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,189,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-17@55.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURES 241–249. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), from Manaus—Rio Negro, Brazil (CCJM). 241—habitus, ♀, 18.5 mm; 242–249—male elytra and surface details. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376684/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 244</figureCitation>
|
||
. Their aedeagi are mostly with shorter apical portion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF74660AFFC8FFE5FF6E92ED3EB59BB3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376666" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10376666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376666/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" startId="46.[151,264,1925,1949]" targetBox="[178,1410,286,1892]" targetPageId="46" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFC8FFE5FF6E92ED3EB59BB3" blockId="46.[151,1437,1925,2021]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFC8FFE5FF6E92ED3E0D9BCB" bold="true" box="[151,367,1925,1949]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">FIGURES 173–179.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFC8FFE5FE8F92ED3E9E9BCB" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[374,508,1925,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFC8FFE5FE8F92ED3E9E9BCB" box="[374,508,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFC8FFE5FDFD92ED3D929BCB" authority="(Brulle)" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[516,752,1925,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFC8FFE5FDF592EE3D799BCB" box="[524,539,1926,1949]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFC8FFE5FDCB92ED3DF49BCB" box="[562,662,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
(Brullé)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Peru. 173—head, ♂, Rio Palcazu (COSJ); 174—labrum, ♂, ibid.; 175–176—aedeagus: 175—Rio Palcazu (COSJ); 176—Iquitos (JWCW); 177–179—elytron and details of its surface, Iquitos (JWCW). Bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF74660AFFC9FFE4FF6E92573F8F9BC9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376668" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10376668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376668/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" startId="47.[151,264,1855,1879]" targetBox="[161,1428,190,1818]" targetPageId="47" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFC9FFE4FF6E92573F8F9BC9" blockId="47.[151,1436,1855,1952]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFC9FFE4FF6E92573E0C9B01" bold="true" box="[151,366,1855,1879]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">FIGURES 180–186.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFC9FFE4FE8A92573E9B9B01" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[371,505,1855,1879]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFC9FFE4FE8A92573E9B9B01" box="[371,505,1855,1879]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFC9FFE4FE0692283D8B9B01" authority="(Brulle)" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[511,745,1855,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFC9FFE4FDF192283D759B01" box="[520,535,1856,1879]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFC9FFE4FDD592573DF29B01" box="[556,656,1855,1879]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
(Brullé)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Iquitos, Peru (JWCW). 180—pronotum, ♂; 181—ditto, detail of sculpture; 182–186—elytron: 182—♂; 183—ditto, detail of surface; 184—elytra, ♀; 185–186—ditto, surface details. Bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF74660AFFD6FFFBFF6E92233B0F9BDE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376670" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10376670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376670/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" startId="48.[151,264,1867,1891]" targetBox="[151,1421,181,1825]" targetPageId="48" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFD6FFFBFF6E92233B0F9BDE" blockId="48.[151,1437,1867,1928]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD6FFFBFF6E92233E129B35" bold="true" box="[151,368,1867,1891]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">FIGURES 187–189.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFD6FFFBFE8192243E9C9B32" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[376,510,1868,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD6FFFBFE8192243E9C9B32" box="[376,510,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFD6FFFBFDFE92243D979B32" authority="(Brulle)" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[519,757,1868,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD6FFFBFDF692243D7C9B35" box="[527,542,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD6FFFBFDCF92243DF89B32" box="[566,666,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
(Brullé)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♀, ST of syn. “var.”
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD6FFFBFC2692243B539B32" box="[991,1073,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">obscura</emphasis>
|
||
(Dokhtouroff), “Amazon” (SDEI). 187—habitus, 18.5 mm; 188—labels; 189—labrum. Bars = 1 mm. Image credit Kevin Weissing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF74660AFFD7FFFAFF6E927C3B9B9BC1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376672" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10376672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376672/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" startId="49.[151,264,1812,1836]" targetBox="[159,1427,192,1778]" targetPageId="49" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFD7FFFAFF6E927C3B9B9BC1" blockId="49.[151,1437,1812,1944]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD7FFFAFF6E927C3E129B7A" bold="true" box="[151,368,1812,1836]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">FIGURES 190–201.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFD7FFFAFE81927C3E9C9B7A" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[376,510,1812,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD7FFFAFE81927C3E9C9B7A" box="[376,510,1812,1836]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFD7FFFAFDFF927C3D979B7A" authority="(Brulle)" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[518,757,1812,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD7FFFAFDF6927D3D7C9B7A" box="[527,542,1813,1836]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD7FFFAFDCF927C3DF89B7A" box="[566,666,1812,1836]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
(Brullé)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.190–196, 198–201—elytra: 190—♀, Brazil, Teffe (CCJM); 191– 192—ditto, details of surface; 193—♀, Brazil, Rio Solimoes (JWCW); 194–196—Bolivia, Rio Cesarsama (JWCW): 194—♀; 195—♂; 196—ditto, surface detail; 197—♂, aedeagus; 198–201—historical specimens ex Chaudoir (MNHN): 198—♀, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFD7FFFAFA7392353F999BCE" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD7FFFAFA7392353F999BCE" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">P. bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 199—ditto, surface detail; 200—♀, as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFD7FFFAFD6792E93C259BCE" box="[670,839,1920,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD7FFFAFD6792E93C259BCE" box="[670,839,1920,1944]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">P. aequinoctialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”; 201—ditto, surface detail. Bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF74660AFFD4FFF9FF6E92233D529BFD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376674" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10376674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376674/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" startId="50.[151,264,1867,1891]" targetBox="[158,1430,189,1840]" targetPageId="50" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFD4FFF9FF6E92233D529BFD" blockId="50.[151,1436,1867,1964]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD4FFF9FF6E92233E0E9B35" bold="true" box="[151,364,1867,1891]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">FIGURES 202–211.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFD4FFF9FE8D92243E989B32" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[372,506,1868,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD4FFF9FE8D92243E989B32" box="[372,506,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFD4FFF9FDF892243D8E9B32" authority="(Brulle)" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[513,748,1868,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD4FFF9FDF092243D7A9B35" box="[521,536,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD4FFF9FDD692243DF19B32" box="[559,659,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
(Brullé)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Cabezas, Bolivia (COSJ). 202—habitus, ♂, 15.3 mm; 203— mandibles, ♂; 204–205—labrum: 204—♂; 205—♀; 206—maxillae, ♂; 207–211—elytra: 207–208—♂♂; 209—♀; 210 ♂; 211—ditto, surface detail. Bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF74660AFFD5FFF8FF6E925B3BB89BC5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376676" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10376676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376676/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" startId="51.[151,264,1843,1867]" targetBox="[161,1426,194,1806]" targetPageId="51" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFD5FFF8FF6E925B3BB89BC5" blockId="51.[151,1436,1843,1939]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD5FFF8FF6E925B3E0C9B1D" bold="true" box="[151,366,1843,1867]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">FIGURES 212–220.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFD5FFF8FE8C925B3E999B1D" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[373,507,1843,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD5FFF8FE8C925B3E999B1D" box="[373,507,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFD5FFF8FDFB925B3D8C9B1D" authority="(Brulle)" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[514,750,1843,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD5FFF8FDF2925C3D789B1D" box="[523,538,1844,1867]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD5FFF8FDC9925B3DF69B1D" box="[560,660,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
(Brullé)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Bolivia. 212—pronotum, ♂, Cabezas (COSJ); 213—ditto, surface detail; 214–218—elytra: 214—♂, Mchareti (COSJ); 215—ditto, surface detail; 216—♀, Buena Vista (JWCW); 217–218—dit- to, surface detail. 219–220—male aedeagus: 219—Mchareti (COSJ); 220—Cabezaz (COSJ); Bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF74660AFFD2FFFFFF6E92233B399BFD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376678" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10376678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376678/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" startId="52.[151,264,1867,1891]" targetBox="[172,1419,194,1834]" targetPageId="52" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFD2FFFFFF6E92233B399BFD" blockId="52.[151,1436,1867,1964]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD2FFFFFF6E92233E139B32" bold="true" box="[151,369,1867,1892]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">FIGURES 221–226.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFD2FFFFFE8292243D639B32" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[379,513,1868,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD2FFFFFE8292243D639B32" box="[379,513,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFD2FFFFFDF392243D999B32" authority="(Brulle)" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[522,763,1868,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD2FFFFFDEB92243D439B35" box="[530,545,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD2FFFFFDC292243DFD9B32" box="[571,671,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
(Brullé)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Orinoco, Venezuela. 221—habitus, ♂, 18 mm, San Fernando (CCJM); 222—mandibles, ♂, Tucupita (JWCW); 223–224—labrum: 223—♂, San Fernando (CCJM); 224—♀, Tucupita (JWCW); 225—pronotum, ♂, San Fernando (CCJM); 226—ditto, surface detail. Bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF74660AFFD3FFFEFF6E92223C759BFF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376680" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10376680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376680/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" startId="53.[151,264,1866,1890]" targetBox="[164,1426,194,1830]" targetPageId="53" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFD3FFFEFF6E92223C759BFF" blockId="53.[151,1437,1866,1962]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD3FFFEFF6E92223E0E9B34" bold="true" box="[151,364,1866,1890]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">FIGURES 227–234.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFD3FFFEFE8B92223E9A9B34" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[370,504,1866,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD3FFFEFE8B92223E9A9B34" box="[370,504,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFD3FFFEFE0792223D849B34" authority="(Brulle)" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[510,742,1866,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD3FFFEFDFF92233D779B34" box="[518,533,1867,1890]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD3FFFEFDD392223DEC9B34" box="[554,654,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
(Brullé)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Orinoco, Venezuela. 227–232—elytra: 227—♂, San Fernando (CCJM); 228–229—ditto, surface detail; 230—♂, Tucupita (JWCW); 231—ditto, surface detail; 232—♀, ibid.; 233–234—aedeagus: 233—ibid.; 234—San Fernando, CCJM. Bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF74660AFFD0FFFDFF6E92293CC49B2B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376682" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10376682" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376682/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" startId="54.[151,264,1857,1881]" targetBox="[166,1423,191,1820]" targetPageId="54" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFD0FFFDFF6E92293CC49B2B" blockId="54.[151,1436,1857,1918]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD0FFFDFF6E92293E0C9B0F" bold="true" box="[151,366,1857,1881]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">FIGURES 235–240.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFD0FFFDFE8C92293E999B0F" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[373,507,1857,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD0FFFDFE8C92293E999B0F" box="[373,507,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFD0FFFDFDFB922A3D8F9B0F" authority="(Brulle)" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[514,749,1857,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD0FFFDFDF2922A3D789B0F" box="[523,538,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD0FFFDFDC992293DF69B0F" box="[560,660,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
(Brullé)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Manaus—Rio Negro, Brazil (CCJM). 235—habitus, ♂, 14.5 mm; 236—head; 237—mandibles, ♂; 238–240—male labrum. Bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF74660AFFD1FFFCFF6E92233C689BD1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376684" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10376684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376684/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" startId="55.[151,264,1867,1891]" targetBox="[157,1425,189,1838]" targetPageId="55" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFD1FFFCFF6E92233C689BD1" blockId="55.[151,1436,1867,1928]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD1FFFCFF6E92233E0C9B35" bold="true" box="[151,366,1867,1891]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">FIGURES 241–249.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFD1FFFCFE8C92243E999B32" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[373,507,1868,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD1FFFCFE8C92243E999B32" box="[373,507,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFD1FFFCFDFB92243D8F9B32" authority="(Brulle)" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[514,749,1868,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD1FFFCFDF292243D789B35" box="[523,538,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFD1FFFCFDC992243DF69B32" box="[560,660,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
(Brullé)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Manaus—Rio Negro, Brazil (CCJM). 241—habitus, ♀, 18.5 mm; 242–249—male elytra and surface details. Bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF74660AFFDEFFF3FF6E922F3BB79BD5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376686" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10376686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376686/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" startId="56.[151,264,1863,1887]" targetBox="[160,1426,193,1826]" targetPageId="56" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFDEFFF3FF6E922F3BB79BD5" blockId="56.[151,1436,1863,1923]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDEFFF3FF6E922F3E0F9B09" bold="true" box="[151,365,1863,1887]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">FIGURES 250–258.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDEFFF3FE8A922F3E9B9B09" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[371,505,1863,1887]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDEFFF3FE8A922F3E9B9B09" box="[371,505,1863,1887]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDEFFF3FE06922F3D8B9B09" authority="(Brulle)" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[511,745,1863,1887]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDEFFF3FDF192203D759B09" box="[520,535,1864,1887]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDEFFF3FDD5922F3DF29B09" box="[556,656,1863,1887]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
(Brullé)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Manaus—Rio Negro, Brazil (CCJM). 250–252—male pronotum (251—surface detail); 253–255—aedeagus; 256–257—internal sac; 258—dorsal aspect. Bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFDFFFF2FF3E95FF3AFA9D17" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Third of the forms (“pattern 3” –
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFDFFFF2FDCC95FF3DAD9CE7" box="[565,719,151,177]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 202–211" captionStart-1="FIGURES 212–220" captionStart-2="FIGURES 221–226" captionStart-3="FIGURES 227–234" captionStartId-0="50.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionStartId-1="51.[151,264,1843,1867]" captionStartId-2="52.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionStartId-3="53.[151,264,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox-0="[158,1430,189,1840]" captionTargetBox-1="[161,1426,194,1806]" captionTargetBox-2="[172,1419,194,1834]" captionTargetBox-3="[164,1426,194,1830]" captionTargetId-0="figure-30@50.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@51.[151,1436,181,1819]" captionTargetId-2="figure-30@52.[159,1428,181,1844]" captionTargetId-3="figure-17@53.[151,1435,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId-0="50" captionTargetPageId-1="51" captionTargetPageId-2="52" captionTargetPageId-3="53" captionText-0="FIGURES 202–211. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), from Cabezas, Bolivia (COSJ). 202—habitus, ♂, 15.3 mm; 203— mandibles, ♂; 204–205—labrum: 204—♂; 205—♀; 206—maxillae, ♂; 207–211—elytra: 207–208—♂♂; 209—♀; 210 ♂; 211—ditto, surface detail. Bars = 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 212–220. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), Bolivia. 212—pronotum, ♂, Cabezas (COSJ); 213—ditto, surface detail; 214–218—elytra: 214—♂, Mchareti (COSJ); 215—ditto, surface detail; 216—♀, Buena Vista (JWCW); 217–218—dit- to, surface detail. 219–220—male aedeagus: 219—Mchareti (COSJ); 220—Cabezaz (COSJ); Bars = 1 mm." captionText-2="FIGURES 221–226. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), from Orinoco, Venezuela. 221—habitus, ♂, 18 mm, San Fern- ando (CCJM); 222—mandibles, ♂, Tucupita (JWCW); 223–224—labrum: 223—♂, San Fernando (CCJM); 224—♀, Tucupita (JWCW); 225—pronotum, ♂, San Fernando (CCJM); 226—ditto, surface detail. Bars = 1 mm." captionText-3="FIGURES 227–234. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), from Orinoco, Venezuela. 227–232—elytra: 227—♂, San Fernando (CCJM); 228–229—ditto, surface detail; 230—♂, Tucupita (JWCW); 231—ditto, surface detail; 232—♀, ibid.; 233–234—ae- deagus: 233—ibid.; 234—San Fernando, CCJM. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376674" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376676" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376678" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376680" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10376674/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10376676/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10376678/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10376680/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figs 203–232</figureCitation>
|
||
) is represented by populations from Orinoco,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFDFFFF2FB3295FF3A5C9CE7" box="[1227,1342,151,177]" name="Venezuela" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
and two disjunct Bolivian localities. Their elytra are mostly sparsely setose, in some adults the setae are confined to umbilicate punctures which are coarser (the same as in “pattern 2”); nonetheless, some specimens have denser setosity yet mostly not as dense as in “pattern 1”, but some Venezuelan syntopic adults have the setosity as dense as in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFDFFFF2FAA4946B3FA99D17" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Posterior and anterior pronotal lobe has mostly a mosaic-like surface. Their aedeagi are with elongated apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFDFFFF2FF3E94233CED9FD7" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
However, further examination has revealed that these characters are variable throughout the countries and the large Amazon Basin, including the mostly pale coloured specimens from Brazilian area of Manaus, as well as from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFDFFFF2FF6E94FB3F8B9DFB" box="[151,233,403,429]" name="Bolivia" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(though the elytral surface is mostly consistent in individual populations), and that also the shape of the aedeagus apex varies (for instance in the examined syntopic specimens from Iquitos,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFDFFFF2FB9B94DF3BF89D87" box="[1122,1178,439,465]" name="Peru" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
). The expansion of the black elytral spots is also variable, specimens from white sands are lighter with reduced brownish-black spots, while those from dark sand have their spots larger, sometimes they are prevailingly or almost entirely black, as in the type of “var”.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDFFFF2FEF9974B3E389E6B" box="[256,346,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">obscura</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDFFFF2FE90974B3D5F9E6B" author="Dokhtouroff, V. S." box="[361,573,547,573]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref32740" refString="Dokhtouroff, V. S. (1882) Species des cicindelides. Essai monographique sur la famille precede de tables systematiques pour la determination des genres. Premiere livraison. Manticorides et megacephalides avec 10 planches coloriees. I. Trenke & Fusnot, St-Petersbourg, v + 92 pp., 1 pl." type="book" year="1882">Dokhtouroff, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFDFFFF2FDAC974B3DD69E6B" box="[597,692,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 187–189" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1421,181,1825]" captionTargetId="figure-30@48.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 187–189. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), ♀, ST of syn. “var.” obscura (Dokhtouroff), “Amazon” (SDEI). 187—habitus, 18.5 mm; 188—labels; 189—labrum. Bars = 1 mm. Image credit Kevin Weissing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376670/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 187</figureCitation>
|
||
) and in the male (CCJM) listed above from Brazilian Teffe. In addition, also some of the syntopic adults from Orinoco,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFDFFFF2FCFF972F3C1E9E37" box="[774,892,583,609]" name="Venezuela" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
, possess variable elytral coloration and surfaces (some of them have their elytra densely setose and finely and densely umbilicate-sculptured, similar to the elytral surface in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFDFFFF2FECD97E73EC29EFF" box="[308,416,655,681]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
). Moreover, and this is very important (see “Remarks” below), two examined females from the Dejean-Chaudoir collection, one standing in MNHN as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDFFFF2FCBB97DB3C9F9E9B" box="[834,1021,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDFFFF2FCBB97DB3C9F9E9B" box="[834,1021,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">P. aequinoctialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, the second as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDFFFF2FB4C97DB3A5D9E9B" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1205,1343,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDFFFF2FB4C97DB3A5D9E9B" box="[1205,1343,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">P. bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, exhibit transiting characters, including their elytral setosity which is only somewhat sparser in the former than in the latter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFDFFFF2FF6697933E239F43" box="[159,321,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 190–201" captionStartId="49.[151,264,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,192,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@49.[151,1436,181,1788]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 190–201. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé).190–196, 198–201—elytra: 190—♀, Brazil, Teffe (CCJM); 191– 192—ditto, details of surface; 193—♀, Brazil, Rio Solimoes (JWCW); 194–196—Bolivia, Rio Cesarsama (JWCW): 194—♀; 195—♂; 196—ditto, surface detail; 197—♂, aedeagus; 198–201—historical specimens ex Chaudoir (MNHN): 198—♀, as P. bifasciata; 199—ditto, surface detail; 200—♀, as “P. aequinoctialis”; 201—ditto, surface detail. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376672/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figs 198–201</figureCitation>
|
||
). Consequently, despite some differences in individual populations, we cannot reliably determine distinguishing characters due to the existing variability, and finding a representative specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDFFFF2FB2096773D689F0B" authority="sensu Dejean (1825)" authorityName="sensu Dejean" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDFFFF2FB2096773E799F0B" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Megacephala aequinoctialis</emphasis>
|
||
sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDFFFF2FE90962B3D689F0B" author="Dejean, P. M. F. A." box="[361,522,834,861]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref32493" refString="Dejean, P. M. F. A. (1825) Species general des Coleopteres, de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Tome premier. Crevot, Paris, xxx + 463 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8863" type="book" year="1825">Dejean (1825)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is evidently barely possible. As a result, we believe that there is only one, highly variable species, which is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDFFFF2FE45960F3D199FD7" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[444,635,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDFFFF2FE45960F3EAF9FD6" box="[444,461,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">P</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDFFFF2FE1C960F3E949FD6" box="[485,502,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDFFFF2FDF4960F3D199FD7" box="[525,635,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see “Remarks” below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3116509FFDFFFF2FF3E96E23B489B7F" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFDFFFF2FF3E96E23B209903" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDFFFF2FF3E96E23E919FF3" bold="true" box="[199,499,906,933]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
|
||
. According to the protologue by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDFFFF2FC8C96E33B739FF3" author="Brulle, A." box="[885,1041,907,933]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref32215" refString="Brulle, A. (1837) Insectes de l'Amerique meridionale recueillis par Alcide d'Orbigny et decrits par Emile Blanchard et Auguste Brulle. In: Voyage dans l'Amerique meridionale 6 (2 e Partie: Insectes). P. Bertrand, Paris [&] V. Levrault, Strasbourg, pp. 1 - 56" type="book chapter" year="1837">Brullé (1837)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFDFFFF2FBB296E33B199FF3" box="[1099,1147,907,933]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDFFFF2FAFD96E33E679F9F" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDFFFF2FAFD96E33E679F9F" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Megacephala bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFDFFFF2FEDD96C73E1B9F9F" box="[292,377,943,969]" name="Bolivia" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Moxos (written “Mojos” on the label –
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFDFFFF2FCCE96C73CF59F9F" box="[823,919,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURES 161–164" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[183,1379,339,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-148@43.[177,1383,338,1850]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 161–164. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), Moxos, Bolivia, ♂, 18.5 mm, LT (MNHN). 161—habitus, 18.5 mm; 162—labrum; 163—lateral view; 164—labels. Bars = 1 mm. Image credit Luboš Purchart." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376656/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 164</figureCitation>
|
||
), situated, on the banks of Rio Mamore, which is one of the largest Amazon tributaries. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFDFFFF2FD6196BB3DAA9FBB" box="[664,712,979,1005]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality means very probably Llanos de Moxos (also spelled as “Llanos de Mojos”) in the district of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CFF860FFDFFFF2FDC3969F3D109847" box="[570,626,1015,1041]" country="Bolivia" name="Beni" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Beni</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDFFFF2FD84969F3C779847" author="Brulle, A." box="[637,789,1015,1041]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref32215" refString="Brulle, A. (1837) Insectes de l'Amerique meridionale recueillis par Alcide d'Orbigny et decrits par Emile Blanchard et Auguste Brulle. In: Voyage dans l'Amerique meridionale 6 (2 e Partie: Insectes). P. Bertrand, Paris [&] V. Levrault, Strasbourg, pp. 1 - 56" type="book chapter" year="1837">Brullé (1837)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the ecology as (freely translated from French): “
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDFFFF2FF5D91733DC09862" box="[164,674,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">It occurs there in August to October, staying</emphasis>
|
||
(adults)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDFFFF2FCF391733E0D982B" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">during the day at the bottom of the holes on the banks of the rivers of Mamore and Piray, and do not come out until the onset of night, when they run with extreme speed in search of their food</emphasis>
|
||
”. It is interesting that Brullé mentioned also Rio Piray, which is situated in the Bolivian province of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CFF860FFDFFFF2FF4F91EF3E5398F7" box="[182,305,1159,1185]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
(distant from Moxos); nevertheless, the two rivers are partly connected through the basin formed by streams of Rio Mamore, Rio Grande and Rio Yapacani, yet in a long distance before it reaches the city of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CFF860FFDFFFF2FAA791C33E3498BF" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Santa Cruz de la Sierra</collectingRegion>
|
||
(see the map
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFDFFFF2FE0A91A73D3798BF" box="[499,597,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURES 327–328" captionStartId="78.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,314,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-30@78.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURES 327–328. Biotopes. 327—Ecuador, SucumbÍos, Jivino river, locality of P. (E.) klugii – image credit Jan VybÍral; 328—Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Rio Yapacani, locality of P. (E.) wimmeri. Image credit Ondřej Šafránek." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376742/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 328</figureCitation>
|
||
). The above-listed Bolivian records are from larger sandy beaches in areas between foothills of the Southern Andean Yungas and Gran Chaco (Rio Seco, Camiri, Machareti – O. Šafránek pers. com.). Both historical and recently caught adult specimens come from various localities throughout the large Amazon Basin (see the above-listed label data and under the figures
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFDFFFF2FC6190533B549903" box="[920,1078,1338,1365]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 161–164" captionStart-1="FIGURES 165–168" captionStart-10="FIGURES 227–234" captionStart-11="FIGURES 235–240" captionStart-12="FIGURES 241–249" captionStart-13="FIGURES 250–258" captionStart-2="FIGURES 169–172" captionStart-3="FIGURES 173–179" captionStart-4="FIGURES 180–186" captionStart-5="FIGURES 187–189" captionStart-6="FIGURES 190–201" captionStart-7="FIGURES 202–211" captionStart-8="FIGURES 212–220" captionStart-9="FIGURES 221–226" captionStartId-0="43.[151,264,1916,1940]" captionStartId-1="44.[151,264,1963,1987]" captionStartId-10="53.[151,264,1866,1890]" captionStartId-11="54.[151,264,1857,1881]" captionStartId-12="55.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionStartId-13="56.[151,264,1863,1887]" captionStartId-2="45.[151,264,1229,1253]" captionStartId-3="46.[151,264,1925,1949]" captionStartId-4="47.[151,264,1855,1879]" captionStartId-5="48.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionStartId-6="49.[151,264,1812,1836]" captionStartId-7="50.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionStartId-8="51.[151,264,1843,1867]" captionStartId-9="52.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox-0="[183,1379,339,1838]" captionTargetBox-1="[266,1356,501,1915]" captionTargetBox-10="[164,1426,194,1830]" captionTargetBox-11="[166,1423,191,1820]" captionTargetBox-12="[157,1425,189,1838]" captionTargetBox-13="[160,1426,193,1826]" captionTargetBox-2="[173,1415,194,1192]" captionTargetBox-3="[178,1410,286,1892]" captionTargetBox-4="[161,1428,190,1818]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1421,181,1825]" captionTargetBox-6="[159,1427,192,1778]" captionTargetBox-7="[158,1430,189,1840]" captionTargetBox-8="[161,1426,194,1806]" captionTargetBox-9="[172,1419,194,1834]" captionTargetId-0="figure-148@43.[177,1383,338,1850]" captionTargetId-1="figure-313@44.[260,1367,489,1925]" captionTargetId-10="figure-17@53.[151,1435,181,1842]" captionTargetId-11="figure-30@54.[153,1434,181,1833]" captionTargetId-12="figure-17@55.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetId-13="figure-30@56.[151,1436,181,1839]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@45.[160,1428,181,1205]" captionTargetId-3="figure-77@46.[166,1422,273,1902]" captionTargetId-4="figure-17@47.[151,1436,181,1831]" captionTargetId-5="figure-30@48.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetId-6="figure-17@49.[151,1436,181,1788]" captionTargetId-7="figure-30@50.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetId-8="figure-17@51.[151,1436,181,1819]" captionTargetId-9="figure-30@52.[159,1428,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId-0="43" captionTargetPageId-1="44" captionTargetPageId-10="53" captionTargetPageId-11="54" captionTargetPageId-12="55" captionTargetPageId-13="56" captionTargetPageId-2="45" captionTargetPageId-3="46" captionTargetPageId-4="47" captionTargetPageId-5="48" captionTargetPageId-6="49" captionTargetPageId-7="50" captionTargetPageId-8="51" captionTargetPageId-9="52" captionText-0="FIGURES 161–164. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), Moxos, Bolivia, ♂, 18.5 mm, LT (MNHN). 161—habitus, 18.5 mm; 162—labrum; 163—lateral view; 164—labels. Bars = 1 mm. Image credit Luboš Purchart." captionText-1="FIGURES 165–168. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), ♂ from Nariño, Colombia (CCJM). 165—habitus, 17.5 mm; 166— pronotum; 167—aedeagus; 168—labrum. Bars = 1 mm." captionText-10="FIGURES 227–234. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), from Orinoco, Venezuela. 227–232—elytra: 227—♂, San Fernando (CCJM); 228–229—ditto, surface detail; 230—♂, Tucupita (JWCW); 231—ditto, surface detail; 232—♀, ibid.; 233–234—ae- deagus: 233—ibid.; 234—San Fernando, CCJM. Bars = 1 mm." captionText-11="FIGURES 235–240. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), from Manaus—Rio Negro, Brazil (CCJM). 235—habitus, ♂, 14.5 mm; 236—head; 237—mandibles, ♂; 238–240—male labrum. Bars = 1 mm." captionText-12="FIGURES 241–249. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), from Manaus—Rio Negro, Brazil (CCJM). 241—habitus, ♀, 18.5 mm; 242–249—male elytra and surface details. Bars = 1 mm." captionText-13="FIGURES 250–258. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), from Manaus—Rio Negro, Brazil (CCJM). 250–252—male prono- tum (251—surface detail); 253–255—aedeagus; 256–257—internal sac; 258—dorsal aspect. Bars = 1 mm." captionText-2="FIGURES 169–172. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), ♂ from Nariño, Colombia (CCJM), elytron and its surface details. Bars = 1 mm." captionText-3="FIGURES 173–179. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), from Peru. 173—head, ♂, Rio Palcazu (COSJ); 174—labrum, ♂, ibid.; 175–176—aedeagus: 175—Rio Palcazu (COSJ); 176—Iquitos (JWCW); 177–179—elytron and details of its surface, Iquitos (JWCW). Bars = 1 mm." captionText-4="FIGURES 180–186. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), from Iquitos, Peru (JWCW). 180—pronotum, ♂; 181—ditto, detail of sculpture; 182–186—elytron: 182—♂; 183—ditto, detail of surface; 184—elytra, ♀; 185–186—ditto, surface details. Bars = 1 mm." captionText-5="FIGURES 187–189. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), ♀, ST of syn. “var.” obscura (Dokhtouroff), “Amazon” (SDEI). 187—habitus, 18.5 mm; 188—labels; 189—labrum. Bars = 1 mm. Image credit Kevin Weissing." captionText-6="FIGURES 190–201. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé).190–196, 198–201—elytra: 190—♀, Brazil, Teffe (CCJM); 191– 192—ditto, details of surface; 193—♀, Brazil, Rio Solimoes (JWCW); 194–196—Bolivia, Rio Cesarsama (JWCW): 194—♀; 195—♂; 196—ditto, surface detail; 197—♂, aedeagus; 198–201—historical specimens ex Chaudoir (MNHN): 198—♀, as P. bifasciata; 199—ditto, surface detail; 200—♀, as “P. aequinoctialis”; 201—ditto, surface detail. Bars = 1 mm." captionText-7="FIGURES 202–211. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), from Cabezas, Bolivia (COSJ). 202—habitus, ♂, 15.3 mm; 203— mandibles, ♂; 204–205—labrum: 204—♂; 205—♀; 206—maxillae, ♂; 207–211—elytra: 207–208—♂♂; 209—♀; 210 ♂; 211—ditto, surface detail. Bars = 1 mm." captionText-8="FIGURES 212–220. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), Bolivia. 212—pronotum, ♂, Cabezas (COSJ); 213—ditto, surface detail; 214–218—elytra: 214—♂, Mchareti (COSJ); 215—ditto, surface detail; 216—♀, Buena Vista (JWCW); 217–218—dit- to, surface detail. 219–220—male aedeagus: 219—Mchareti (COSJ); 220—Cabezaz (COSJ); Bars = 1 mm." captionText-9="FIGURES 221–226. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), from Orinoco, Venezuela. 221—habitus, ♂, 18 mm, San Fern- ando (CCJM); 222—mandibles, ♂, Tucupita (JWCW); 223–224—labrum: 223—♂, San Fernando (CCJM); 224—♀, Tucupita (JWCW); 225—pronotum, ♂, San Fernando (CCJM); 226—ditto, surface detail. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376656" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376660" figureDoi-10="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376680" figureDoi-11="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376682" figureDoi-12="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376684" figureDoi-13="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376686" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376664" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376666" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376668" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376670" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376672" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376674" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376676" figureDoi-9="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376678" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10376656/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10376660/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/10376680/files/figure.png" httpUri-11="https://zenodo.org/record/10376682/files/figure.png" httpUri-12="https://zenodo.org/record/10376684/files/figure.png" httpUri-13="https://zenodo.org/record/10376686/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10376664/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10376666/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/10376668/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/10376670/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/10376672/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/10376674/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/10376676/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/10376678/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figs 161–258</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFDFFFF2FF3E90373E429997" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFDFFFF2FF3E90373E7E9997" collectionCode="JWCW" country="Argentina" location="Corientes" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
The above-listed old male specimen (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFDFFFF2FD8990373DAA992F" box="[624,712,1375,1401]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">JWCW</collectionCode>
|
||
), clearly conspecific with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFDFFFF2FBE490373BE6992F" box="[1053,1156,1375,1401]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDFFFF2FB5290373A0B992F" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1195,1385,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDFFFF2FB5290373BA3992E" box="[1195,1217,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">P.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDFFFF2FB2890373B80992E" box="[1233,1250,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDFFFF2FB0290373A0B992F" box="[1275,1385,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but bearing a graphite-pencil-handwritten label: “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFDFFFF2FD6690EB3C7399CB" box="[671,785,1411,1437]" name="Argentina" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
/
|
||
<location id="8ED46059FFDFFFF2FCD590EB3CF899CB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A28794FFCFFFF0FF6E92773AFE9F90:8ED46059FFDFFFF2FCD590EB3CF899CB" box="[812,922,1411,1437]" country="Argentina" name="Corientes" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Corientes</location>
|
||
” (collector and date missing), was evidently mislabelled
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFDFFFF2FF3E90A33B279A7B" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
The biology of this species (under
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDFFFF2FDAC90A33C2F99B3" box="[597,845,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
“P. a.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDFFFF2FD6690A33C2199B3" authorityName="sensu Dejean" authorityYear="1825" box="[671,835,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">aequinoctialis</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), its life cycles of adults and larvae observed in the Central Amazonian floodplains in the region of Manaus, were published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDFFFF2FC0A90873B829A5F" author="Zerm, M. & Adis, J." box="[1011,1248,1519,1545]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="141 - 155" refId="ref34992" refString="Zerm, M. & Adis, J. (2001 a) On the life cycles of Phaeoxantha species (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) from Central Amazonian floodplains (Brazil). Ecotropica, 6, 141 - 155." type="journal article" year="2001">Zerm & Adis (2001a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b, c). It is obviously a flightless beetle, lacking flight muscles as observed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDFFFF2FCA0937B3B239A7B" author="Zerm, M. & Adis, J." box="[857,1089,1555,1581]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="491 - 500" refId="ref35148" refString="Zerm, M. & Adis, J. (2002) Flight ability in nocturnal tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) from Central Amazonian floodplains (Brazil). Coleopterist Bulletin, 56 (4), 491 - 500. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 0010 - 065 X (2002) 056 [0491: FAINTB] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2002">Zerm & Adis (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFDFFFF2FF3E935F3B489B7F" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
It is noteworthy to mention that in the key to larvae by Arndt
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDFFFF2FC8F935F3CCC9A07" box="[886,942,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2002) the authors described some different characters (particularly differences in number of setae) between the larvae of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDFFFF2FC0593333A309A23" box="[1020,1362,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDFFFF2FC0593333BF29A23" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[1020,1168,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phaeoxantha</taxonomicName>
|
||
a.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDFFFF2FB4A93333A309A23" authorityName="sensu Dejean" authorityYear="1825" box="[1203,1362,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">aequinoctialis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDFFFF2FA7193333E799ACF" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
P. a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDFFFF2FF5493173E799ACF" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[173,283,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">bifasciata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(identified as such by the cited authors). Nevertheless, the authors mentioned that the number of setae was variable and the larval species and its instar was often possible to determine only by combining the number of setae on galeomere with pronotal width; it seems that the identification of larval species might be difficult. Moreover, larvae of these two taxa were collected in the same area of Manaus (although not exactly in the same places). Therefore, further studies are necessary for confirmation of the larval differences.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3116509FFDFFFF1FF3E925B3D189888" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFDFFFF1FF3E925B3A5C9D33" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="58.[151,1437,151,1149]" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDFFFF2FF3E925B3E569B1B" bold="true" box="[199,308,1843,1869]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. As already mentioned in “Introduction”,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDFFFF2FCF3925B3B7A9B1B" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[778,1048,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDFFFF2FCF3925B3B7A9B1B" box="[778,1048,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Megacephala bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDFFFF2FB11925B3A1D9B1B" author="Brulle, A." box="[1256,1407,1843,1869]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref32215" refString="Brulle, A. (1837) Insectes de l'Amerique meridionale recueillis par Alcide d'Orbigny et decrits par Emile Blanchard et Auguste Brulle. In: Voyage dans l'Amerique meridionale 6 (2 e Partie: Insectes). P. Bertrand, Paris [&] V. Levrault, Strasbourg, pp. 1 - 56" type="book chapter" year="1837">Brullé (1837)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in order to rectify the dubious concept of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDFFFF2FDB5923F3B209B26" box="[588,1090,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDFFFF2FDB5923F3CAD9B26" box="[588,975,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="aequinoctialis" subSpecies="sensu">Megacephala aequinoctialis sensu</taxonomicName>
|
||
auctorum
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(primarily
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDFFFF2FB3B923F3A629B26" box="[1218,1280,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDFFFF2FAFE923F3AFA9B27" author="Dejean, P. M. F. A." box="[1287,1432,1878,1905]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref32493" refString="Dejean, P. M. F. A. (1825) Species general des Coleopteres, de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Tome premier. Crevot, Paris, xxx + 463 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8863" type="book" year="1825">Dejean 1825</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDFFFF2FF6E92133FB09BC3" author="Dejean, P. M. F. A." box="[151,210,1915,1941]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 96" refId="ref32589" refString="Dejean, P. M. F. A. (1833) Catalogue des coleopteres de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Livraison 1. Mequignon-Marvis, Paris, pp. 1 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8771" type="book chapter" year="1833">1833</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDFFFF2FF2792133E789BC3" author="Dejean, P. M. F. A." box="[222,282,1915,1941]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 384" refId="ref32642" refString="Dejean, P. M. F. A. (1836) Catalogue des coleopteres de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Troisieme edition, revue, corrigee et augmentee. Livraisons 1 - 4. Mequignon-Marvis, Paris, pp. 1 - 384. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / t. 173109" type="book chapter" year="1836">1836</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The taxon has been hitherto commonly yet incorrectly treated as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDFFFF2FBEB92133EC99BEF" authority="(Dejean, 1825)" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="aequinoctialis" subSpecies="aequinoctialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDFFFF2FBEB92133F959BEF" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Phaeoxantha aequinoctialis aequinoctialis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDFFFF2FEFE92F73EC09BEF" author="Dejean, P. M. F. A." box="[263,418,1950,1977]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref32493" refString="Dejean, P. M. F. A. (1825) Species general des Coleopteres, de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Tome premier. Crevot, Paris, xxx + 463 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8863" type="book" year="1825">Dejean, 1825</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There is no doubt that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDFFFF2FD4C92F73C349BEF" author="Dejean, P. M. F. A." box="[693,854,1950,1977]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref32493" refString="Dejean, P. M. F. A. (1825) Species general des Coleopteres, de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Tome premier. Crevot, Paris, xxx + 463 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8863" type="book" year="1825">Dejean (1825)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was referring to a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDFFFF2FBD592F73A429BEF" box="[1068,1312,1951,1977]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDFFFF2FBD592F73BA69BEF" box="[1068,1220,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Megacephala</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but he did not at any point assert or provide anything that could be interpreted as a valid description of a new and independent taxon under Article 12 of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDCFFF1FE4795FF3D379CE7" author="ICZN" box="[446,597,151,177]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref33426" refString="ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, fourth edition, adopted by the International Union of Biological Sciences. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, xxix + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Instead, he explicitly referred to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDCFFF1FC2F95FF3BED9CE7" author="Linnaeus, C. von" box="[982,1167,151,177]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref33713" refString="Linnaeus, C. von (1763) Amoenitates academicae; seu dissertationes variae physicae, medicae, botanicae, antehac seorsim editae, nunc collectae et auctae cum tabulis aeneis. Volumen sextum. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 486 pp." type="book" year="1763">Linnaeus (1763)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and to a quite identical redescription by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDCFFF1FEAD95D33D729C83" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[340,528,186,213]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref32858" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1775) Systema entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Flensbvrgi et Lipsiae [= Flensburg & Leipzig], Kortii, [32] + 832 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 36510" type="book" year="1775">Fabricius (1775)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, because he erroneously believed that his
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FC1195D33BE29C83" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1000,1152,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FC1195D33BE29C83" box="[1000,1152,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Megacephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was conspecific with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FF6E95B73E669CAF" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,260,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cicindela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FF6E95B73E669CAF" box="[151,260,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Cicindela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDCFFF1FED695B73E8E9CAF" author="Linnaeus, C. von" box="[303,492,223,249]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref33713" refString="Linnaeus, C. von (1763) Amoenitates academicae; seu dissertationes variae physicae, medicae, botanicae, antehac seorsim editae, nunc collectae et auctae cum tabulis aeneis. Volumen sextum. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 486 pp." type="book" year="1763">Linnaeus (1763)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The use of the name by Dejean must be therefore interpreted as a misidentification and subsequent usage of the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FDDF946B3C969D4B" authority="Linnaeus, 1763" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1763" box="[550,1012,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cicindela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FDDF946B3C599D4B" box="[550,827,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Cicindela aequinoctialis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDCFFF1FCBA946B3C969D4B" author="Linnaeus, C. von" box="[835,1012,259,285]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref33713" refString="Linnaeus, C. von (1763) Amoenitates academicae; seu dissertationes variae physicae, medicae, botanicae, antehac seorsim editae, nunc collectae et auctae cum tabulis aeneis. Volumen sextum. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 486 pp." type="book" year="1763">Linnaeus, 1763</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is in fact a bombardier beetle (tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FF22944F3E369D17" box="[219,340,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Brachinini">Brachinini</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FEA6944F3EB79D17" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[351,469,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Carabidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), presently known as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FD31944F3BB49D17" authority="(Linnaeus, 1763)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[712,1238,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pheropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FD31944F3B6F9D17" box="[712,1037,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Pheropsophus aequinoctialis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDCFFF1FBE4944F3BAC9D17" author="Linnaeus, C. von" box="[1053,1230,295,321]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref33713" refString="Linnaeus, C. von (1763) Amoenitates academicae; seu dissertationes variae physicae, medicae, botanicae, antehac seorsim editae, nunc collectae et auctae cum tabulis aeneis. Volumen sextum. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 486 pp." type="book" year="1763">Linnaeus, 1763</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The same misinterpretation was maintained by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDCFFF1FE0194233DF09D33" author="Dejean, P. M. F. A." box="[504,658,331,357]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 96" refId="ref32589" refString="Dejean, P. M. F. A. (1833) Catalogue des coleopteres de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Livraison 1. Mequignon-Marvis, Paris, pp. 1 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8771" type="book chapter" year="1833">Dejean (1833</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDCFFF1FD6794233DB59D33" author="Dejean, P. M. F. A." box="[670,727,331,357]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 384" refId="ref32642" refString="Dejean, P. M. F. A. (1836) Catalogue des coleopteres de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Troisieme edition, revue, corrigee et augmentee. Livraisons 1 - 4. Mequignon-Marvis, Paris, pp. 1 - 384. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / t. 173109" type="book chapter" year="1836">1836</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and for instance also by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDCFFF1FC0E94233A589D33" author="Laporte de Castelnau, F. L." box="[1015,1338,331,357]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="27 - 38" refId="ref33606" refString="Laporte de Castelnau, F. L. (1834) Observations sur la tribu des Cicindeletes. Revue Entomologique, 2, 27 - 38." type="journal article" year="1834">Laporte de Castelnau (1834)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFDCFFF1FF3E94073D889EA7" blockId="58.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Apart from that we were not able to distinguish reliably any other taxon within populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FB2194073AF79DDF" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1240,1429,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FB2194073B8B9DDE" box="[1240,1257,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">P</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FB0694073A729DDE" box="[1279,1296,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FADE94073AF79DDF" box="[1319,1429,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including a specimen that could possibly represent a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFDCFFF1FD1A94FB3C5E9DFB" box="[739,828,403,429]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FC9994FB3A5A9DFB" authority="sensu Dejean" authorityName="sensu Dejean" authorityYear="1825" box="[864,1336,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FC9994FB3B809DFA" box="[864,1250,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Megacephala aequinoctialis sensu</emphasis>
|
||
Dejean
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FA9794FB3E439D86" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">sensu auctorum</emphasis>
|
||
, one more reason for which we are unable to preserve the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FC1594DF3BE99D87" authorityName="sensu Dejean" authorityYear="1825" box="[1004,1163,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FC1594DF3BE99D87" box="[1004,1163,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">aequinoctialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FB5494DF3A349D87" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1838" box="[1197,1366,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Megacephalini">Megacephalini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is the very inconsistent concept of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FE1F94B33DC39DA3" authorityName="sensu Dejean" authorityYear="1825" box="[486,673,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FE1F94B33DC39DA3" box="[486,673,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">P. aequinoctialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” used by individual authors. Most of them simplified the taxonomy and quite uncritically treated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FE2494973D049E4F" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[477,614,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FE2494973D049E4F" box="[477,614,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">P. bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a subspecies of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FCBE94973B639E4F" authorityName="sensu Dejean" authorityYear="1825" box="[839,1025,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FCBE94973B639E4F" box="[839,1025,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">P. aequinoctialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” which they incorrectly attributed to Dejean. For instance,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDCFFF1FE73974B3D269E6B" author="Fleutiaux, E." box="[394,580,547,573]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="24 - 28" refId="ref32958" refString="Fleutiaux, E. (1894) Note sur les coleopteres Cicindelides du genre Phaeoxantha Chaudoir. Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France, 18, 24 - 28." type="journal article" year="1894">Fleutiaux (1894)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
separated these two taxa in a key to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FC21974B3BA19E6B" box="[984,1219,547,573]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FC21974B3B0E9E6B" box="[984,1132,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and described their distinguishing characters. His concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FD90972F3D919E37" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[617,755,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FD90972F3D919E37" box="[617,755,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">P. bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(despite the fact that he did not mention any setosity) partly corresponds to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFDCFFF1FE9497033EB69ED3" box="[365,468,619,645]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FE0297033DE79ED3" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[507,645,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FE0297033DE79ED3" box="[507,645,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">P. bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the characters mentioned by Fleutiaux for “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FB0A97033FD39EFF" authorityName="sensu Dejean" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FB0A97033FD39EFF" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">P. aequinoctialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, e.g., paler elytra with smaller brownish spots, “
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FD2697E73B319EFE" box="[735,1107,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">lesser extent than the yellow part</emphasis>
|
||
” are in great contradiction to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDCFFF1FF6E97DB3E5B9E9B" author="Dejean, P. M. F. A." box="[151,313,690,717]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref32493" refString="Dejean, P. M. F. A. (1825) Species general des Coleopteres, de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Tome premier. Crevot, Paris, xxx + 463 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8863" type="book" year="1825">Dejean (1825)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who characterized the elytra with obviously very large, dark brown confluent spots connected along the suture and forming a “
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FE4597BF3D819EA7" box="[444,739,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
large kidney-shaped spot
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FD2C97BF3D819EA7" bold="true" box="[725,739,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">”</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFDCFFF1FF3E97933C5C9F0B" blockId="58.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
This all corresponds to our concept of only one, variable species, treated here as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FBC797933AF59F43" box="[1086,1431,763,789]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FBC797933B369F42" box="[1086,1108,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">P.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FBA597933B0F9F42" box="[1116,1133,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FB7A97933B939F43" box="[1155,1265,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDCFFF1FAF997933AF29F43" author="Brulle, A." box="[1280,1424,763,789]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref32215" refString="Brulle, A. (1837) Insectes de l'Amerique meridionale recueillis par Alcide d'Orbigny et decrits par Emile Blanchard et Auguste Brulle. In: Voyage dans l'Amerique meridionale 6 (2 e Partie: Insectes). P. Bertrand, Paris [&] V. Levrault, Strasbourg, pp. 1 - 56" type="book chapter" year="1837">Brullé, 1837</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was validly published, supported by a good illustration and by the preserved type specimen in MNHN, examined and designated as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFDCFFF1FE1F962B3D2F9F0B" box="[486,589,835,861]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
here (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFDCFFF1FD6A962B3C509F0B" box="[659,818,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 161–164" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[183,1379,339,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-148@43.[177,1383,338,1850]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 161–164. Phaeoxantha (P.) bifasciata (Brullé), Moxos, Bolivia, ♂, 18.5 mm, LT (MNHN). 161—habitus, 18.5 mm; 162—labrum; 163—lateral view; 164—labels. Bars = 1 mm. Image credit Luboš Purchart." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376656/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Figs 161–164</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFDCFFF1FF3E960F3CA09FF3" blockId="58.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Moreover, as the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FE32960F3D5B9FD7" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[459,569,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FE32960F3D5B9FD7" box="[459,569,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has also been in common use to the present day, the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FB3E960F3A049FD7" authorityName="sensu Dejean" authorityYear="1825" box="[1223,1382,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequinoctialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FB3E960F3A049FD7" box="[1223,1382,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">aequinoctialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot be considered a
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FE8E96E33D589FF2" box="[375,570,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">nomen protectum</emphasis>
|
||
under Article 23.9.3 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDCFFF1FCD696E33CD79FF3" author="ICZN" box="[815,949,907,933]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref33426" refString="ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, fourth edition, adopted by the International Union of Biological Sciences. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, xxix + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFDCFFF1FF3E96C73E0B982B" blockId="58.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">We suppose that due to the wide distribution of the populations, possibly tending towards allopatric speciation under continuous evolutionary forces, also a molecular study might be very difficult. Any partial DNA tests, when only incomplete material gained from only individual samples is sequenced, may result in inconsistent and misleading results (as in several published cases) even if latest methods are used, particularly from samples obtained from a GenBank with unreliable identification due to the variability and particularly different concepts by authors who identified the taxa.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFDCFFF1FF6E91AC3D189888" blockId="58.[151,634,1219,1246]" box="[151,634,1219,1246]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FF6E91AC3D189888" bold="true" box="[151,634,1219,1246]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FEEE91AB3EBB9888" authority="Moravec & Dheurle, 2023" authorityName="Moravec & Dheurle" authorityYear="2023" box="[279,473,1219,1246]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Euphaeoxantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FEEE91AB3EBB9888" bold="true" box="[279,473,1219,1246]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Euphaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24C57EBFFDCFFF1FE1891AC3D189888" box="[481,634,1220,1246]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="subGenus">subgen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3116509FFDCFFF1FF6E90643CD59970" box="[151,951,1292,1319]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="type_taxon">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFDCFFF1FF6E90643CD59970" blockId="58.[151,1437,1292,2039]" box="[151,951,1292,1319]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FF6E90643E499970" bold="true" box="[151,299,1292,1318]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFDCFFF1FF6E90643FB09970" box="[151,210,1292,1318]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FEC090643DB39970" ID-CoL="3YQXS" authority="Klug, 1834" authorityName="Klug" authorityYear="1834" box="[313,721,1292,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testudinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FEC090643D2E9970" box="[313,588,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Megacephala testudinea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDCFFF1FDAA90643DB39970" author="Klug, F." box="[595,721,1292,1318]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref33461" refString="Klug, F. (1834) Uebersicht der Cicindeletae der Sammlung. Jahrbucher der Insectenkunde, 1, 1 - 47, pl. 1. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783112606926 - 002" type="journal article" year="1834">Klug, 1834</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see “Note” below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3116509FFDCFFF1FF3E90583E4D9B48" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFDCFFF1FF3E90583BF399A9" blockId="58.[151,1437,1292,2039]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FF3E90583EA4991C" bold="true" box="[199,454,1328,1354]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. The five species of this new subgenus are immediately distinguished from the nominotypical subgenus by their much larger, robust and brownish to dark brown,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B67FFDCFFF1FC1E903C3B029939" box="[999,1120,1364,1391]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="23.5" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="20.0">20–27 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B67FFDCFFF1FB29903C3A3D9939" box="[1232,1375,1364,1391]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.9" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="7.8" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="9.9" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="7.8">7.80–12 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide body (females narrower than males), abnormally shaped male mandibles with particularly aberrant right mandible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFDCFFF1FF6690F43E6799E0" box="[159,261,1436,1462]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–12" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1770,1794]" captionTargetBox="[200,1389,190,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-30@8.[189,1398,179,1744]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 1–12. Basic diagnostic characters of two subgenera of Phaeoxantha. 1–7—P. (Phaeoxantha). 1–3—male right mandible: 1—P. (P.) nocturna (Dejean); 2—P. (P.) laminata (Perty); 3—P. (P.) bifasciata (Brullé); 4–7—labrum: 4—P. (P.) nocturna (♂); 5—P. (P.) laminata (♂); 6—P. (P.) tremolerasi (W. Horn); 7—P. (P.) bifasciata (Brullé). 8—12—P. (Euphae- oxantha). 8–9—male right mandible: 8—P. (E.) wimmeri (Mandl); 9—P. (E.) klugii (Chaudoir); 10–12—labrum: 10–11—P. (E.) wimmeri (♂, ♀); 12—P. (E.) klugii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376590/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Figs 8–9</figureCitation>
|
||
) and consistently very different shape of 6–8-setose labrum with deep excision on either side, forming large lateral teeth and with distinctly prolonged, 4-dentate anteromedian lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFDCFFF1FBFB90A83BE7998C" box="[1026,1157,1472,1498]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–12" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1770,1794]" captionTargetBox="[200,1389,190,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-30@8.[189,1398,179,1744]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 1–12. Basic diagnostic characters of two subgenera of Phaeoxantha. 1–7—P. (Phaeoxantha). 1–3—male right mandible: 1—P. (P.) nocturna (Dejean); 2—P. (P.) laminata (Perty); 3—P. (P.) bifasciata (Brullé); 4–7—labrum: 4—P. (P.) nocturna (♂); 5—P. (P.) laminata (♂); 6—P. (P.) tremolerasi (W. Horn); 7—P. (P.) bifasciata (Brullé). 8—12—P. (Euphae- oxantha). 8–9—male right mandible: 8—P. (E.) wimmeri (Mandl); 9—P. (E.) klugii (Chaudoir); 10–12—labrum: 10–11—P. (E.) wimmeri (♂, ♀); 12—P. (E.) klugii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376590/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Figs 10–12</figureCitation>
|
||
). Outer pronotal margins distinctly constricted towards posterior lobe which is markedly narrower than anterior one.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFDCFFF1FF3E93603E4D9B48" blockId="58.[151,1437,1292,2039]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FF3E93603D709A74" bold="true" box="[199,530,1544,1570]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Note to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFDCFFF1FEB693603EE09A74" box="[335,386,1544,1570]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">type</typeStatus>
|
||
designation
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FDE693603C1E9A74" authority="Moravec & Dheurle, 2023" authorityName="Moravec & Dheurle" authorityYear="2023" box="[543,892,1544,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Euphaeoxantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FDE693603DD19A74" box="[543,691,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FD3A93603C119A74" box="[707,883,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Euphaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FC7B93603B779A74" bold="true" box="[898,1045,1544,1570]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24C57EBFFDCFFF1FC7B93603B779A74" box="[898,1045,1544,1570]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="subGenus">subgen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
partly corresponds to the unnamed subgenus (with
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFDCFFF1FEB093453E1B9A11" box="[329,377,1581,1607]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FE2093443D8E9A10" authorityName="Klug" authorityYear="1834" box="[473,748,1580,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testudinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FE2093443D8E9A10" box="[473,748,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Megacephala testudinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) indicated in a subgeneric division of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FB6493443A539A10" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[1181,1329,1580,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FB6493443A539A10" box="[1181,1329,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDCFFF1FAA593453E049A3C" author="Westwood, J. O." pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="216 - 218" refId="ref34812" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1853) Observations on the dentition of the tiger beetles. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London, 12, Series 2, 216 - 218." type="journal article" year="1853">Westwood (1853: 218)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
where Westwood clearly designated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FCED93383B429A3C" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[788,1056,1616,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FCED93383B429A3C" box="[788,1056,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Phaeoxantha bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFDCFFF1FB8E93393BC59A3D" box="[1143,1191,1617,1643]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FAD493383AFE9A3C" box="[1325,1436,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FAD493383AFA9A3C" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1852" box="[1325,1432,1616,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ammosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ammosia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which is thus clearly a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FD9D931C3D9A9AD8" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[612,760,1652,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FD9D931C3D9A9AD8" box="[612,760,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while he simultaneously designated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FB6D931D3A439AD8" authorityName="Klug" authorityYear="1834" box="[1172,1313,1652,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testudinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FB6D931D3A439AD8" box="[1172,1313,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">P. testudinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFDCFFF1FA95931D3AFE9AD9" box="[1388,1436,1653,1679]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species for a not yet described, unnamed subgenus (named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FCD693F03CBD9AE4" authority="Moravec & Dheurle, 2023" authorityName="Moravec & Dheurle" authorityYear="2023" box="[815,991,1688,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Euphaeoxantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FCD693F03CBD9AE4" box="[815,991,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Euphaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FC1C93F03B139AE4" bold="true" box="[997,1137,1688,1714]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">subgen nov.</emphasis>
|
||
here). Similarly,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDCFFF1FACD93F03E6F9A80" author="Chaudoir, M." pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref32448" refString="Chaudoir, M. (1865) Catalogue de la collection des cicindel e t e s de M. le Baron Chaudoir. Nys, Bruxelles, 64 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 134840" type="book" year="1865">Chaudoir (1865: 42)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FE9193D43D189A80" authorityName="Klug" authorityYear="1834" box="[360,634,1724,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testudinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FE9193D43D189A80" box="[360,634,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Megacephala testudinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FD4B93D53C759A80" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[690,791,1724,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klugii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FD4B93D53C759A80" box="[690,791,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">M. klugii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clearly separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FBD893D43BD79A80" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[1057,1205,1724,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FBD893D43BD79A80" box="[1057,1205,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as he listed them in order after the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FE7B93883DA89AAD" authority="Thomson, 1857" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1857" box="[386,714,1760,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Metriocheila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FE7B93883D719AAC" box="[386,531,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Metriocheila</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDCFFF1FDE193883DA89AAD" author="Thomson, J." box="[536,714,1760,1787]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref34641" refString="Thomson, J. (1857) Monographie des Cicindelides ou expose methodique et critique des tribus, genres et especes de cette famille. Societe entomologique de France, Paris, 66 pp., 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9350" type="book" year="1857">Thomson, 1857</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, thus isolated from all the species treated here in the nominotypical subgenus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3116509FFDCFFF1FF3E92403C809BA0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFDCFFF1FF3E92403C809BA0" blockId="58.[151,1437,1292,2039]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FF3E92403E909B14" bold="true" box="[199,498,1832,1858]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Distribution and biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Species of the newly proposed subgenus occur in areas of the large Amazon Basin, but mainly in the Rio de la Plate Basin (see under each species below), partly in the same areas and similar biotopes as the species of the nominotypical subgenus, such as sandy beaches of seasonal rivers, marshlands and other similar biotopes. Results of life cycles of adults and larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FD1692FD3C1C9BF8" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[751,894,1940,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klugii" subGenus="Euphaeoxantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FD1692FD3C629BF8" box="[751,768,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">P</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FCEF92FD3C459BF8" box="[790,807,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FCC792FC3C1C9BF8" box="[830,894,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">klugii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDCFFF1FC4B92FD3BF19BF8" baseAuthorityName="Mandl" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[946,1171,1940,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lindemannae" subGenus="Euphaeoxantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FC4B92FD3CA19BF8" box="[946,963,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">P</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FC2392FD3C899BF8" box="[986,1003,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FBFB92FC3BF19BF8" box="[1026,1171,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">lindemannae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurring in open areas of Central Amazonian floodplains in the region of Manaus, including larval development (also reared in the laboratory), were presented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDCFFF1FE5792B53DFB9BA0" author="Zerm, M. & Adis, J." box="[430,665,2012,2039]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="141 - 155" refId="ref34992" refString="Zerm, M. & Adis, J. (2001 a) On the life cycles of Phaeoxantha species (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) from Central Amazonian floodplains (Brazil). Ecotropica, 6, 141 - 155." type="journal article" year="2001">Zerm & Adis (2001a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b, c) and Zerm
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDCFFF1FCA892B53CEB9BA0" box="[849,905,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2001).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3116509FFDDFFF0FF6E95FF3AFE9F90" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFDDFFF0FF6E95FF3D8F9CE7" blockId="59.[151,749,151,178]" box="[151,749,151,178]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDDFFF0FF6E95FF3D8F9CE7" bold="true" box="[151,749,151,178]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Key to species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDDFFF0FE9795FF3D8F9CE7" authorityName="Moravec & Dheurle" authorityYear="2023" box="[366,749,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Euphaeoxantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDDFFF0FE9795FF3D6D9CE4" bold="true" box="[366,527,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDDFFF0FDD895FF3D819CE4" bold="true" box="[545,739,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Euphaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFDDFFF0FF6E95B73EF69D4B" blockId="59.[151,1436,223,285]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Universal characters. Body large, male mandibles abnormally shaped, particularly right mandible distinctly aberrant-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFDDFFF0FED0946B3EEE9D4B" box="[297,396,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–12" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1770,1794]" captionTargetBox="[200,1389,190,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-30@8.[189,1398,179,1744]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 1–12. Basic diagnostic characters of two subgenera of Phaeoxantha. 1–7—P. (Phaeoxantha). 1–3—male right mandible: 1—P. (P.) nocturna (Dejean); 2—P. (P.) laminata (Perty); 3—P. (P.) bifasciata (Brullé); 4–7—labrum: 4—P. (P.) nocturna (♂); 5—P. (P.) laminata (♂); 6—P. (P.) tremolerasi (W. Horn); 7—P. (P.) bifasciata (Brullé). 8—12—P. (Euphae- oxantha). 8–9—male right mandible: 8—P. (E.) wimmeri (Mandl); 9—P. (E.) klugii (Chaudoir); 10–12—labrum: 10–11—P. (E.) wimmeri (♂, ♀); 12—P. (E.) klugii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376590/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Figs 8–9</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<key id="FF9A61B3FFDDFFF0FF6E94203AFE9F90" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<keyStep id="30FF2E27FFDDFFF0FF6E94203AFE9DE3" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFDDFFF0FF6E94203AFE9D2D" blockId="59.[151,1437,328,966]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FA95B7FFDDFFF0FF6E94203AFE9D2D" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
1 Elytra uniformly pale brownish coloured or somewhat darkened, lacking any black maculae..................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDDFFF0FBB3940E3AFE9D2D" ID-CoL="4FPYN" authority="(Mandl, 1964)" baseAuthorityName="Mandl" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[1098,1436,357,379]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lindemannae" subGenus="Euphaeoxantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDDFFF0FBB3940E3B3B9D2D" box="[1098,1113,358,379]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">P</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDDFFF0FB94940E3B1E9D2D" box="[1133,1148,358,379]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">E</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDDFFF0FB69940D3A6E9D2C" box="[1168,1292,357,378]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">lindemannae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDDFFF0FAE1940D3AF79D2D" author="Mandl, K." box="[1304,1429,357,379]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="15 - 17" refId="ref33947" refString="Mandl, K. (1964) Ergebnisse einer Forschungreise in das Rio Negro- (Amazonas-) Gebiet in Brasilien. Beschreibung einer neuen Megacephala (Phaeoxantha -) Art. Koleopterologische Rundschau, 42, 15 - 17." type="journal article" year="1964">Mandl, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFDDFFF0FF6E94EB3AFE9DE3" blockId="59.[151,1437,328,966]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FA95B7FFDDFFF0FF6E94EB3AFE9DE3" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">– Elytra generally darker and either with black anteapical (mostly lacrymoidal) macula or variably black diffusing area on posterior part of elytral disc along sutures...................................................................... 2</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FF2E27FFDDFFF0FF6E94D53AFE9E1E" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFDDFFF0FF6E94D53AFE9D85" blockId="59.[151,1437,328,966]" box="[151,1436,445,467]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FA95B7FFDDFFF0FF6E94D53AFE9D85" box="[151,1436,445,467]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">2 Elytra in males more or less distinctly but always notably dilated posteriad at anteapical angles....................... 3</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFDDFFF0FF6E94B33AFE9E1E" blockId="59.[151,1437,328,966]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FA95B7FFDDFFF0FF6E94B33AFE9E1E" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
– Elytra of almost uniform oval-shape in both sexes (widest in male but never distinctly dilated posteriad at anteapical angles). First three protarsomeres in males only slightly dilated (unique character within the genus). Male mandibles with terminal teeth notably short, wide and abruptly pointed; third tooth in female right mandible acute and notably longer than second tooth...........................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDDFFF0FBB6975B3AFE9E1E" ID-CoL="6V7D9" authority="(W. Horn, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="W. Horn" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1103,1436,563,584]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucephala" subGenus="Euphaeoxantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDDFFF0FBB6975B3B3C9E1E" box="[1103,1118,563,584]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">P</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDDFFF0FB8B975B3BE39E1E" box="[1138,1153,563,584]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">E</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDDFFF0FB6D975B3B9A9E1E" box="[1172,1272,563,584]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">bucephala</emphasis>
|
||
(W. Horn, 1909)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FF2E27FFDDFFF0FF6E97383AFE9EAE" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFDDFFF0FF6E97383AFE9EEB" blockId="59.[151,1437,328,966]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FA95B7FFDDFFF0FF6E97383AFE9EEB" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
3 Elytra with diffusing black area on posterior part of elytral disc along sutures, diffusing towards anteapical angles (lacking sharply-circumscribed black anteapical macula), rarely elytra prevailingly blackened. Third tooth in right mandible in males flattened (fin-like shaped), while long and acute in females. Aedeagus apex distinctly hooked dorsad (unique shape within the genus).....................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDDFFF0FB8B97C13AFE9EEB" ID-CoL="3YQXS" authority="(Klug, 1834)" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[1138,1436,680,702]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testudinea" subGenus="Euphaeoxantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDDFFF0FB8B97C13BE39EE8" box="[1138,1153,681,702]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">P</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDDFFF0FB6C97C13BC69EE8" box="[1173,1188,681,702]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">E</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDDFFF0FB4197C03A799EEB" box="[1208,1307,680,701]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">testudinea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDDFFF0FADE97C03AF79EEB" author="Klug, F." box="[1319,1429,680,702]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref33461" refString="Klug, F. (1834) Uebersicht der Cicindeletae der Sammlung. Jahrbucher der Insectenkunde, 1, 1 - 47, pl. 1. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783112606926 - 002" type="journal article" year="1834">Klug, 1834</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFDDFFF0FF6E97AE3AFE9EAE" blockId="59.[151,1437,328,966]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FA95B7FFDDFFF0FF6E97AE3AFE9EAE" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">– Elytra with black, clearly delineated (mostly lacrymoidal) anteapical macula which is often prolonged posteromesad towards sutures by thinner appendix............................................................................. 4</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30FF2E27FFDDFFF0FF6E96683AFE9F90" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFDDFFF0FF6E96683AFE9F38" blockId="59.[151,1437,328,966]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FA95B7FFDDFFF0FF6E96683AFE9F38" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFDDFFF0FF6E96683E719F40" box="[151,275,768,790]" count="4" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="male">4 Male</specimenCount>
|
||
elytra appearing rather elongate, yet moderately or distinctly dilated posteriad. Right mandible in male with second tooth small but well-developed and clearly separated from the terminal tooth and distant from third tooth; female mandibles with sharpened apices of teeth, generally with second and third teeth approximately of the same size...................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDDFFF0FB8F96313AFE9F38" ID-CoL="4FPYK" authority="(Chaudoir, 1850)" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[1142,1436,856,878]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klugii" subGenus="Euphaeoxantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDDFFF0FB8F96313BE79F38" box="[1142,1157,857,878]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">P</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDDFFF0FB6096313BCA9F38" box="[1177,1192,857,878]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">E</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDDFFF0FB4296303B909F3B" box="[1211,1266,856,877]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">klugii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDDFFF0FB0796303AF79F38" author="Chaudoir, M." box="[1278,1429,856,878]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="3 - 21" refId="ref32376" refString="Chaudoir, M. (1850) Memoire sur la famille des Carabiques, 2 e Partie. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 23, 3 - 21." type="journal article" year="1850">Chaudoir, 1850</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFDDFFF0FF6E961E3AFE9F90" blockId="59.[151,1437,328,966]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<keyLead id="30FA95B7FFDDFFF0FF6E961E3AFE9F90" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
– Male elytra appearing shorter, as usually more distinctly dilated posteriad and with small anteapical impression. Right mandible in male with second tooth small and mostly tightly appressed to terminal tooth and more markedly distant from the third tooth; right mandible in females usually with second tooth smaller than third tooth..............
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFDDFFF0FB8B96D93AFE9F90" ID-CoL="4FPYT" authority="(Mandl, 1958)" baseAuthorityName="Mandl" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1138,1436,944,966]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wimmeri" subGenus="Euphaeoxantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDDFFF0FB8B96D93BE39F90" box="[1138,1153,945,966]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">P</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDDFFF0FB6C96D93BC69F90" box="[1173,1188,945,966]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">E</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFDDFFF0FB4196D93A6E9F90" box="[1208,1292,945,966]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">wimmeri</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFDDFFF0FAE196D83AF79F90" author="Mandl, K." box="[1304,1429,944,966]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="23 - 32" refId="ref33918" refString="Mandl, K. (1958) Neue Cicindeliden aus meiner Sammlung. 5. Bericht. Koleopterologische Rundschau, 36, 23 - 32, 3 Tafeln." type="book chapter" year="1958">Mandl, 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |