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<mods:title id="1B02805AAD3F3C76088A35848E8229A5">Bryozoan faunas at the Tortonian-Messinian transition. A palaeoenvironmental case study from Crete Island, eastern Mediterranean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="502CE1C77C2E0174F00B9EC3143A5DC2">Moissette, Pierre</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AF0B91E4B417FB3DCAD7E577FF9529C4">National &amp; Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, Department of Historical Geology and Paleontology 15784, Athens (Greece) and CR 2 P (CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, Sorbonne Université), Département Origines et Évolution, UMR 7207, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, case postale 38, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6EA9F5DBEF3CC0922F2A5C141DA69289">Antonarakou, Assimina</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D122F0C5365FC11F956FAAFF38A" authority="(Busk, 1859)" authorityName="LU" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[917,1351,1684,1711]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Candidae" genus="Cupuladria" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="1380" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="canariensis">
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0C5365FC11F956FBFCF38A" bold="true" box="[917,1044,1684,1711]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1380">Cupuladria</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0C5365FBBFF956FB5AF38B" bold="true" box="[1083,1202,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1380">canariensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B602F0C5365FB45F956FAD7F38A" author="BUSK G." box="[1217,1343,1684,1711]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1380" pagination="65 - 67" refId="ref20911" refString="BUSK G. 1859. - Zoophytology. On some Madeiran Polyzoa collected by J. Yates Johnson, Esq. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 7: 65 - 67. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 27695277" type="journal article" year="1859">Busk, 1859</bibRefCitation>
)
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(
<figureCitation id="13302A142F0C5365FBB3F976FB4EF3EA" box="[1079,1190,1716,1743]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1917,1934]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,215,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[702,1250,773,1340]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 9. — A, B, Cupuladria cf. canariensis (Busk, 1859); A, frontal view of a whole colony, KER39: AMPG(IV) 3078a; B, dorsal view of a whole colony, KER39: AMPG(IV) 3078b; C, D, Discoporella reussiana (Manzoni,1869); C, frontal view of a whole colony,KER30:AMPG(IV) 3102; D, dorsal view of a whole colony,KER30: AMPG(IV) 3101; E, Nellia tenella (Lamarck, 1816), detail of an internode showing two zooids in frontal view, KER17: AMPG(IV) 3150a; F-H, Canda rectangulata Udin, 1964; F, dorsal view of an internode fragment, FAN35: AMPG(IV) 3506a; G, frontal view of an internode fragment, FAN35: AMPG(IV) 3506b; H, Detail of the same fragment, FAN35: AMPG(IV) 3506b. Scale bars: A-D, 1 mm; E, H, 100 µm; F-G, 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5796589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5796589/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1380">Fig. 9A, B</figureCitation>
)
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAA10802F0C5365FCA9F93BFB70F234" author="BUSK G." box="[813,1176,1785,1809]" page="66" pageId="17" pageNumber="1380" year="1859">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D122F0C5365FCA9F93BFB70F234" authority="Busk, 1859: 66" authorityName="Busk" authorityPageNumber="66" authorityYear="1859" box="[813,1176,1785,1809]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Candidae" genus="Cupularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="1380" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="canariensis">
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0C5365FCA9F93BFC11F234" box="[813,1017,1785,1809]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1380">Cupularia canariensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B602F0C5365FC7BF93BFB70F234" author="BUSK G." box="[1023,1176,1785,1809]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1380" pagination="65 - 67" refId="ref20911" refString="BUSK G. 1859. - Zoophytology. On some Madeiran Polyzoa collected by J. Yates Johnson, Esq. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 7: 65 - 67. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 27695277" type="journal article" year="1859">Busk, 1859: 66</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 23, figs 6-9.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D122F0C5365FCA9F8F6FC13F269" authorityName="LU" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[813,1019,1844,1868]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Candidae" genus="Cupuladria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="1380" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="canariensis">
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0C5365FCA9F8F6FC13F269" box="[813,1019,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1380">Cupuladria canariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B602F0C5365FB8BF8F6FB72F269" author="MANZONI A." box="[1039,1178,1844,1868]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1380" pagination="930 - 944" refId="ref27176" refString="MANZONI A. 1869. - Bryozoi pliocenici italiani. Terza contribuzione. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften 60: 930 - 944. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 34802138" type="journal article" year="1869">Manzoni 1869</bibRefCitation>
, p. 26, pl. 2, fig. 17; 1877: 72, pl. 17, figs 56a-c.— 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B602F0C5365FC66F88CFB96F242" author="CIPOLLA F." box="[994,1150,1870,1895]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1380" pagination="163 - 337" refId="ref21868" refString="CIPOLLA F. 1921. - I briozoi pliocenici di Altavilla presso Palermo. Giornale della Societa di Scienze Naturale ed Economiche di Palermo 32: 163 - 337. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 42224039" type="journal article" year="1921">Cipolla 1921: 31</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 2, figs 22-24.— 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B602F0C5365FAB7F88CFCA0F2A4" author="LAGAAIJ R." pageId="17" pageNumber="1380" pagination="1 - 233" refId="ref26176" refString="LAGAAIJ R. 1952. - The Pliocene Bryozoa of the Low Countries and their bearing on the marine stratigraphy of the North Sea region. Mededelingen van de Geologische Stichting 5: 1 - 233." type="journal article" year="1952">Lagaaij 1952: 33</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 2, figs 1a-b. — 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B602F0C5365FC71F8ABFB65F2A4" author="BUGE E." box="[1013,1165,1897,1921]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1380" refId="ref20749" refString="BUGE E. 1957. - Les bryozoaires du Neogene de l'Ouest de la France et leur signification stratigraphique et paleobiologique. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris: 1 - 436 (Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Ser. C - Sciences de la Terre; 6)." type="journal volume" year="1957">Buge 1957: 139</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 9, fig. 5. — 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B602F0C5365FA9FF8ABFCBCF2BE" author="ANNOSCIA E." pageId="17" pageNumber="1380" pagination="215 - 278" refId="ref19702" refString="ANNOSCIA E. 1963. - Antozoi e briozoi nelle argile calabriane di Venosa (Potenza). Geologia Romana 2: 215 - 278." type="journal article" year="1963">Annoscia 1963: 225</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 9, fig. 1; pl. 10, fig. 1; pl. 11, figs 1a-b; pl. 12, figs 1a-b. — 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B602F0C5365FCA9F85CFC22F293" author="COOK P. L." box="[813,970,1950,1974]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1380" pagination="191 - 227" refId="ref21910" refString="COOK P. L. 1965. - Polyzoa from West Africa. The Cupuladriidae (Cheilostomata, Anasca). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology 13: 191 - 227. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 16750" type="journal article" year="1965">Cook 1965: 197</bibRefCitation>
, text-figs 1a-f, pl. 1, fig. 1; pl. 3, fig. 4. — 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B602F0C5365FACFF85CFC26F2F5" author="PRENANT M. &amp; BOBIN G." pageId="17" pageNumber="1380" refId="ref29214" refString="PRENANT M. &amp; BOBIN G. 1966. - Faune de France. Bryozoaires. 2. Chilostomes Anasca. P. Lechevallier, Paris, 647 p." type="book" year="1966">Prenant &amp; Bobin 1966: 307</bibRefCitation>
, figs 101-102. — Baluk &amp; Radwansky 1984: 21, pl. 1, figs 1-4; pl. 8, figs 1-4. — 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B602F0C5365FBBFF811FABDF2CE" author="ZABALA M. &amp; MALUQUER P." box="[1083,1365,2003,2027]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1380" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref31987" refString="ZABALA M. &amp; MALUQUER P. 1988. - Illustrated keys for the classification of Mediterranean Bryozoa. Treballs del Museu de Zoologia de Barcelona 4: 1 - 294." type="journal article" year="1988">Zabala &amp; Maluquer 1988: 89</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 112- 114. — 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B602F0E5367FF53FF15FE1CF5CA" author="POUYET S. &amp; MOISSETTE P." box="[215,500,215,239]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382" pagination="19 - 101" refId="ref29173" refString="POUYET S. &amp; MOISSETTE P. 1992. - Bryozoaires du Pliocene d'Altavilla (Sicile-Italie): revision de la collection Cipolla, nouvelles donnees, paleoecologie. Palaeontographica. Abteilung A: Palaeozoologie-Stratigraphie 223: 19 - 101." type="journal article" year="1992">Pouyet &amp; Moissette 1992: 33</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 3, figs 4-5. — 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B602F0E5367FD29FF15FEE7F42C" author="MOISSETTE P. &amp; DELRIEU B. &amp; TSAGARIS S." pageId="19" pageNumber="1382" pagination="75 - 123" refId="ref27989" refString="MOISSETTE P., DELRIEU B. &amp; TSAGARIS S. 1993. - Bryozoaires du bassin neogene d'Heraklion (Crete centrale, Grece). Le Miocene superieur: premiers resultats. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen 190: 75 - 123." type="journal article" year="1993">
Moissette 
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0E5367FF00FF30FF5AF42C" box="[132,178,241,265]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382">et al.</emphasis>
1993: 92
</bibRefCitation>
, figs 4g-i. — Haddadi-Hamdane 1996: 65, pl. 5, figs 1, 4. — Marcopoulou-Diacantoni &amp; Wuest 1999: 555, pl. 3, fig. 1.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB436912F0F5366FF00F8BFFC7AF2CC" blockId="18.[132,1457,1917,2025]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1381">
FIG. 9. — 
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0F5366FF52F8BFFF0BF2AB" bold="true" box="[214,227,1917,1934]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1381">A</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0F5366FF6AF8BFFF13F2AB" bold="true" box="[238,251,1917,1934]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1381">B</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D122F0F5366FE83F8BFFDB9F2AB" authority="(Busk, 1859)" authorityName="LU" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[263,593,1917,1934]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Candidae" genus="Cupuladria" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="1381" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="canariensis">
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0F5366FE83F8BFFE89F2AB" box="[263,353,1917,1934]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1381">Cupuladria</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0F5366FE06F8BFFE37F2AB" box="[386,479,1917,1934]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1381">canariensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B602F0F5366FE6EF8BFFDA4F2AB" author="BUSK G." box="[490,588,1917,1934]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1381" pagination="65 - 67" refId="ref20911" refString="BUSK G. 1859. - Zoophytology. On some Madeiran Polyzoa collected by J. Yates Johnson, Esq. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 7: 65 - 67. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 27695277" type="journal article" year="1859">Busk, 1859</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0F5366FDDDF8BFFD8EF2AB" bold="true" box="[601,614,1917,1934]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1381">A</emphasis>
, frontal view of a whole colony, KER39: AMPG(IV) 3078a; 
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0F5366FBD6F8BFFBB7F2AB" bold="true" box="[1106,1119,1917,1934]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1381">B</emphasis>
, dorsal view of a whole colony, KER39: AMPG(IV) 3078b; 
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0F5366FE92F856FECCF280" bold="true" box="[278,292,1940,1957]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1381">C</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0F5366FEA8F856FED2F280" bold="true" box="[300,314,1940,1957]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1381">D</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0F5366FEC7F856FE41F280" box="[323,425,1940,1957]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1381">Discoporella</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D122F0F5366FE29F856FD6CF280" authority="(Manzoni, 1869)" authorityName="LU" baseAuthorityName="Manzoni" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[429,644,1940,1957]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Candidae" genus="Cupuladria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="1381" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="reussiana">
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0F5366FE29F856FE13F280" box="[429,507,1940,1957]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1381">reussiana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B602F0F5366FD87F856FD96F280" author="MANZONI A." box="[515,638,1940,1957]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1381" pagination="930 - 944" refId="ref27176" refString="MANZONI A. 1869. - Bryozoi pliocenici italiani. Terza contribuzione. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften 60: 930 - 944. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 34802138" type="journal article" year="1869">Manzoni,1869</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0F5366FD0FF856FD71F280" bold="true" box="[651,665,1940,1957]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1381">C</emphasis>
, frontal view of a whole colony,KER30:AMPG(IV) 3102; 
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0F5366FBE7F856FB99F280" bold="true" box="[1123,1137,1940,1957]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1381">D</emphasis>
, dorsal view of a whole colony,KER30: AMPG(IV) 3101; 
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0F5366FE8BF868FEF3F29E" bold="true" box="[271,283,1962,1979]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1381">E</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D122F0F5366FEA2F868FDF7F29E" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" authorityName=", Onychocella" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[294,543,1962,1979]" class="Stenolaemata" family="Crisiidae" genus="Nellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="1381" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tenella">
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0F5366FEA2F868FE67F29E" box="[294,399,1962,1979]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1381">Nellia tenella</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B602F0F5366FE1EF868FDF2F29E" author="LAMARCK J. B. P. A. DE" box="[410,538,1962,1979]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1381" refId="ref26290" refString="LAMARCK J. B. P. A. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres. Verdiere, Paris, 568 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12712" type="book" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, detail of an internode showing two zooids in frontal view, KER17: AMPG(IV) 3150a; 
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0F5366FB66F868FAEAF29E" bold="true" box="[1250,1282,1962,1979]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1381">F -H</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0F5366FA88F868FAAAF29E" box="[1292,1346,1962,1979]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1381">Canda</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D122F0F5366FACCF868FF09F2F7" authority="Udin, 1964" authorityName="Udin" authorityYear="1964" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Candidae" genus="Cupuladria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="1381" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rectangulata">
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0F5366FACCF868FA47F29E" box="[1352,1455,1962,1979]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1381">rectangulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B602F0F5366FF00F803FF09F2F7" author="UDIN A. R." box="[132,225,1985,2002]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1381" pagination="383 - 439" refId="ref31247" refString="UDIN A. R. 1964. - Die Steinbruche von St. Margarethen (Burgenland) als fossiles Biotop. I. Die Bryozoenfauna. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch- Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 173: 383 - 439." type="journal article" year="1964">Udin, 1964</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0F5366FF6DF803FF1CF2F7" bold="true" box="[233,244,1985,2002]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1381">F</emphasis>
, dorsal view of an internode fragment, FAN35: AMPG(IV) 3506a; 
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0F5366FC88F803FCF2F2F7" bold="true" box="[780,794,1985,2002]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1381">G</emphasis>
, frontal view of an internode fragment, FAN35: AMPG(IV) 3506b; 
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0F5366FAB0F803FAAAF2F7" bold="true" box="[1332,1346,1985,2002]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1381">H</emphasis>
, Detail of the same fragment, FAN35: AMPG(IV) 3506b. Scale bars: A-D, 1 mm; E, H, 100 µm; F-G, 200 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C311651A2F0E5367FF00FEFEFD00F7C5" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB436912F0E5367FF00FEFEFD00F7C5" blockId="19.[130,777,315,736]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382">
OCCURRENCE. — Middle Miocene: 
<collectingCountry id="F31C76012F0E5367FE60FEFEFDCEF476" box="[484,550,316,339]" name="France" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382">France</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31C76012F0E5367FDB5FEF9FD81F476" box="[561,617,315,339]" name="Spain" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382">Spain</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31C76012F0E5367FDF0FEF9FD53F476" box="[628,699,315,339]" name="Austria" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382">Austria</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31C76012F0E5367FD41FEF9FCE0F476" box="[709,776,315,339]" name="Poland" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382">Poland</collectingCountry>
(Baluk &amp; Radwansky 1984). Late Miocene: 
<collectingCountry id="F31C76012F0E5367FDB2FE94FD79F44B" box="[566,657,342,366]" name="Germany" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382">Germany</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31C76012F0E5367FD18FE94FD2FF44B" box="[668,711,342,366]" name="Italy" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382">Italy</collectingCountry>
, Crete (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B602F0E5367FF08FEB2FEA7F4AD" author="MOISSETTE P. &amp; DELRIEU B. &amp; TSAGARIS S." box="[140,335,368,392]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382" pagination="75 - 123" refId="ref27989" refString="MOISSETTE P., DELRIEU B. &amp; TSAGARIS S. 1993. - Bryozoaires du bassin neogene d'Heraklion (Crete centrale, Grece). Le Miocene superieur: premiers resultats. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen 190: 75 - 123." type="journal article" year="1993">
Moissette 
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0E5367FF68FEB3FEF1F4AD" box="[236,281,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382">et al.</emphasis>
1993
</bibRefCitation>
). Pliocene: 
<collectingCountry id="F31C76012F0E5367FE39FEB3FE0BF4AD" box="[445,483,369,392]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382">UK</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31C76012F0E5367FE68FEB2FD8BF4AD" box="[492,611,368,392]" name="Netherlands" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
, Sicily (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B602F0E5367FD28FEB3FEFFF486" author="POUYET S. &amp; MOISSETTE P." pageId="19" pageNumber="1382" pagination="19 - 101" refId="ref29173" refString="POUYET S. &amp; MOISSETTE P. 1992. - Bryozoaires du Pliocene d'Altavilla (Sicile-Italie): revision de la collection Cipolla, nouvelles donnees, paleoecologie. Palaeontographica. Abteilung A: Palaeozoologie-Stratigraphie 223: 19 - 101." type="journal article" year="1992">Pouyet &amp; Moissette 1992</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F31C76012F0E5367FEAEFE49FE85F486" box="[298,365,395,419]" name="Algeria" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382">Algeria</collectingCountry>
(Haddadi-Hamdane 1996), Crete (Marcopoulou-Diacantoni &amp; Wuest 1999). Pleistocene: Sicily (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B602F0E5367FD08FE64FD10F498" author="ROSSO A." box="[652,760,421,445]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382" pagination="167 - 197" refId="ref29446" refString="ROSSO A. 1987. - Popolamenti a Briozoi nel Pleistocene di Monte dell'Apa (Sicilia sud-orientale). Bollettino della Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali 20: 167 - 197." type="journal article" year="1987">Rosso 1987</bibRefCitation>
), Rhodes (Moissette 2012). Recent: eastern Pacific (
<collectingCountry id="F31C76012F0E5367FDCDFE02FD71F4FD" box="[585,665,448,472]" name="Ecuador" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
to northern 
<collectingCountry id="F31C76012F0E5367FF06FE18FF26F4D7" box="[130,206,474,498]" name="Mexico" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382">Mexico</collectingCountry>
), western and eastern Atlantic (
<collectingCountry id="F31C76012F0E5367FD87FE18FDD6F4D7" box="[515,574,474,498]" name="Brazil" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Caribbean, 
<collectingCountry id="F31C76012F0E5367FD38FE18FCE9F4D7" box="[700,769,474,498]" name="Gabon" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382">Gabon</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49CFF8732F0E5367FF02FE37FF2FF728" box="[134,199,501,525]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382">Azores</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49CFF8732F0E5367FF54FE37FEC8F728" box="[208,288,501,525]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382">Madeira</collectingRegion>
and Canary islands to southern 
<collectingCountry id="F31C76012F0E5367FDD5FE37FD4DF728" box="[593,677,501,525]" name="Portugal" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382">Portugal</collectingCountry>
), southern Mediterranean (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B602F0E5367FE98FDD2FDFAF702" author="ROSSO A. &amp; DI MARTINO E." box="[284,530,527,551]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382" pagination="567 - 607" refId="ref29706" refString="ROSSO A. &amp; DI MARTINO E. 2016. - Bryozoan diversity in the Mediterranean Sea: an update. Mediterranean Marine Science 17: 567 - 607. https: // doi. org / 10.12681 / mms. 1706" type="journal article" year="2016">Rosso &amp; Di Martino 2016</bibRefCitation>
). This warm-water species lives on sandy, more or less muddy bottoms at depths between 50 and 
<quantity id="4CF39B742F0E5367FF34FD86FF18F77E" box="[176,240,580,604]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B602F0E5367FF79FD86FE34F779" author="PRENANT M. &amp; BOBIN G." box="[253,476,580,604]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382" refId="ref29214" refString="PRENANT M. &amp; BOBIN G. 1966. - Faune de France. Bryozoaires. 2. Chilostomes Anasca. P. Lechevallier, Paris, 647 p." type="book" year="1966">Prenant &amp; Bobin 1966</bibRefCitation>
). But it has also been found in much shallower (
<quantity id="4CF39B742F0E5367FEACFD9CFE98F752" box="[296,368,606,631]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382" unit="m" value="27.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="5.0">5-50 m</quantity>
) and much deeper waters (down to 
<quantity id="4CF39B742F0E5367FD4CFD9CFCEFF753" box="[712,775,606,630]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382" unit="m" value="860.0">860 m</quantity>
in the Sargasso Sea; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B602F0E5367FEC3FDBBFE2BF7B4" author="LAGAAIJ R." box="[327,451,633,657]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382" pagination="172 - 217" refId="ref26213" refString="LAGAAIJ R. 1963. - Cupuladria canariensis (Busk), portrait of a bryozoan. Palaeontology 6: 172 - 217. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 49631008" type="journal article" year="1963">Lagaaij 1963</bibRefCitation>
). Following 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B602F0E5367FDBAFDBBFD52F7B4" author="CADEE G. C." box="[574,698,633,657]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382" pagination="443 - 459" refId="ref21078" refString="CADEE G. C. 1979. - The Cupuladria canariensis complex, in LAR- WOOD G. P. &amp; ABBOTT. M. B. (eds), Advances in Bryozoology (Special Volume). Systematic Association 13: 443 - 459." type="journal article" year="1979">Cadée (1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B602F0E5367FD43FDBBFD11F7B4" author="CADEE G. C." box="[711,761,633,657]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382" pagination="3 - 9" refId="ref21125" refString="CADEE G. C. 1981. - Notes on Bryozoa, 1. Cupuladria canariensis from the British Pliocene Coralline Crag. Mededelingen van de Werkgroep voor Tertiaire en Kwartaire Geologie 18: 3 - 9." type="journal article" year="1981">1981</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D122F0E5367FF00FD56FF16F78E" authorityName="LU" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[132,254,660,683]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Candidae" genus="Cupuladria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="canariensis">
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0E5367FF00FD56FF16F78E" box="[132,254,660,683]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382">C. canariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems however mostly a western Atlantic species.Records with this name must consequently be carefully checked, eliminating possible misidentifications (A. Rosso, personal communication).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C311651A2F0E5367FF00FCD4FE15F12A" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB436912F0E5367FF00FCD4FF00F60B" blockId="19.[131,776,790,1039]" box="[132,232,790,816]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382">REMARKS</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB436912F0E5367FF00FCF4FE15F12A" blockId="19.[131,776,790,1039]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382">
Due to possible confusion with two other species of the same genus (
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D122F0E5367FF49FC97FDD9F64A" authority="(Canu &amp; Bassler, 1923)" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[205,561,853,879]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Candidae" genus="Cupuladria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="biporosa">
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0E5367FF49FC97FED4F64A" box="[205,316,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382">C. biporosa</emphasis>
(Canu &amp; Bassler, 1923)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D122F0E5367FDDBFC97FE4FF6AA" authority="Baluk &amp; Radwanski, 1984" authorityName="Baluk &amp; Radwanski" authorityYear="1984" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Candidae" genus="Cupuladria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="vindobonensis">
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0E5367FDDBFC97FCEDF64A" box="[607,773,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382">C. vindobonensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B602F0E5367FF00FCB7FE4FF6AA" author="BALUK W. &amp; RADWANSKI A." box="[132,423,885,911]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382" pagination="13 - 40" refId="ref20012" refString="BALUK W. &amp; RADWANSKI A. 1984. - Middle Miocene (Badenian) free-living bryozoans from the Vienna Basin. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Serie A, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Geologie und Palaontologie, Anthropologie und Prahistorie 86: 13 - 40." type="journal article" year="1984">Baluk &amp; Radwanski, 1984</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) a systematic revision is needed. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B602F0E5367FF01FC57FEC9F68A" author="CADEE G. C." box="[133,289,917,943]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382" pagination="443 - 459" refId="ref21078" refString="CADEE G. C. 1979. - The Cupuladria canariensis complex, in LAR- WOOD G. P. &amp; ABBOTT. M. B. (eds), Advances in Bryozoology (Special Volume). Systematic Association 13: 443 - 459." type="journal article" year="1979">Cadée (1979)</bibRefCitation>
also created a new subspecies, 
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0E5367FD0FFC57FE8DF6EB" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D122F0E5367FD0FFC57FE89F6EB" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Candidae" genus="Cupuladria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="subSpecies" species="canariensis" subSpecies="cavernosa">Cupuladria canariensis cavernosa</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
for Mio-Pliocene European specimens with intermediate characteristics between 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D122F0E5367FDD9FC17FD3EF6CB" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[605,726,980,1007]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Candidae" genus="Cupuladria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="biporosa">
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0E5367FDD9FC17FD3EF6CB" box="[605,726,980,1007]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382">C. biporosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D122F0E5367FF02FC37FEFEF12B" authorityName="LU" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[134,278,1013,1039]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Candidae" genus="Cupuladria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="canariensis">
<emphasis id="B97FEA832F0E5367FF02FC37FEFEF12B" box="[134,278,1013,1039]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382">C. canariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B602F0E5367FEA0FC36FE4EF12A" author="CADEE G. C." box="[292,422,1012,1039]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382" pagination="443 - 459" refId="ref21078" refString="CADEE G. C. 1979. - The Cupuladria canariensis complex, in LAR- WOOD G. P. &amp; ABBOTT. M. B. (eds), Advances in Bryozoology (Special Volume). Systematic Association 13: 443 - 459." type="journal article" year="1979">Cadée 1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B602F0E5367FE30FC37FE04F12A" author="CADEE G. C." box="[436,492,1013,1039]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1382" pagination="3 - 9" refId="ref21125" refString="CADEE G. C. 1981. - Notes on Bryozoa, 1. Cupuladria canariensis from the British Pliocene Coralline Crag. Mededelingen van de Werkgroep voor Tertiaire en Kwartaire Geologie 18: 3 - 9." type="journal article" year="1981">1981</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>