126 lines
14 KiB
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126 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document id="5B8BE653D8C49C8112D1A37E1A2CD030" ID-CLB-Dataset="38930" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="264597" ID-ZooBank="CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1465242077321" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="C, Lees David" docDate="2016" docId="038747324C7CC65D1EB72CBFFA5F22B2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4118.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4118 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Heteropsis exocellata" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FFBE3F4A4C76C6571E202D2DFFD32174" masterDocTitle="Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision" masterLastPageNumber="97" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698662715872" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DE678446F2139AEDEF1101A277C3DCB7">
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<mods:title id="38A37386770E26CD2FE0D447BCB64E24">Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1F1B175A8AD08E03AE5C4B0E17575D10" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="2807487E16A833ECC41361FC289EC0FB">C, Lees David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E5CD1B363ECB5FE8CE99FD004858688B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2A2A03771EE216AE387BB4D2DCA73488">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="82A473FB0BEC84D5569334466291CC08">
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<mods:date id="FB22DE0CFA4290BC523106B6771CFB29">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="13F14EEC3EC5439F0ED9F043C275DE6B">4118</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="F5DC345D98187F9D1D0C1DE031F56427" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038747324C7CC65D1EB72CBFFA5F22B2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6086406" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120817106" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6086406" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038747324C7CC65D1EB72CBFFA5F22B2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038747324C7CC65D1EB72CBFFA5F22B2" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C7CC65D1EB72CBFFA5F22B2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B91F6244C7CC65D1EB72CBFFE3920D8" blockId="10.[151,490,402,428]" box="[151,490,402,428]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<heading id="D0D941484C7CC65D1EB72CBFFE3920D8" bold="true" box="[151,490,402,428]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7CC65D1EB72CBFFE3920D8" bold="true" box="[151,490,402,428]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7CC65D1EB72CBFFE4A20D8" box="[151,409,402,428]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exocellata">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7CC65D1EB72CBFFE4A20D8" bold="true" box="[151,409,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Heteropsis exocellata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B91F6244C7CC65D1EB72CF4FA5F22B2" blockId="10.[151,1436,473,966]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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A small clade supported by multiple genes (Aduse-Poku
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7CC65D1D312CF7FC912086" box="[785,834,473,498]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
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., 2015,
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<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C7CC65D1DBC2CF4FC052085" box="[924,982,473,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,492,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[150,1437,481,1690]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Venation and wing patterning diagram of a fairly typical species of Heteropsis from Madagascar (Heteropis antahala group; ♂), DV. Sdbp = Supra-discocellular brush and patch. Cub = Cubital brush. Ventral banding: Cb = Costal bars. Mf = Median fleck (pale highlight). Mb = Median band. PMb = Premedian band. Ore = Ocellus ring extension. Pml = Premarginal line. Sml = Submarginal line." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264598/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig 1</figureCitation>
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; Suppl. S4) for two sampled species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7CC65D1B592CF7FED92362" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exocellata">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7CC65D1B592CF7FED92362" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ht. exocellata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7CC65D1F652CD3FDBD2362" authority="Butler, 1880" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1880" box="[325,622,509,534]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cowani">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7CC65D1F652CD3FE102361" box="[325,451,510,533]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ht. cowani</emphasis>
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(Butler, 1880)
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</taxonomicName>
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, with an intriguing published topology (albeit with moderate bootstrap support) as sister to all other
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<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C7CC65D1FFE2F0CFD98234E" box="[478,587,545,570]" name="Madagascar" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Malagasy</collectingCountry>
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Region
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7CC65D1C8B2F0FFCF0234D" box="[683,803,546,569]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7CC65D1C8B2F0FFCF0234D" box="[683,803,546,569]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Heteropsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. This clade is also morphologically characterised (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C7CC65D1B7F2F0CFF03232A" author="Lees" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997">Lees, 1997</bibRefCitation>
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) by the following combination of features: HW ocellus strongly expressed in dorsal space-M3 as well as space-CuA1; spatulate valves, toothed mesad near the slightly folded tip which projects beyond the uncus; gnathos with basal curved projection which is unique among
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<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C7CC65D1CC72FA0FC8723D2" box="[743,852,653,678]" name="Madagascar" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Malagasy</collectingCountry>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7CC65D1D7B2FA3FC0023D1" box="[859,979,654,677]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7CC65D1D7B2FA3FC0023D1" box="[859,979,654,677]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Heteropsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and developed (at least in
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7CC65D1ADF2FA3FA4F23D2" box="[1279,1436,653,678]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exocellata">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7CC65D1ADF2FA3FAC823D1" box="[1279,1307,654,677]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ht</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7CC65D1B092FA0FA4F23D2" box="[1321,1436,653,678]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">exocellata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7CC65D1EE72F9FFE9023BD" box="[199,323,690,713]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cowani">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7CC65D1EE72F9FFE9023BD" box="[199,323,690,713]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ht. cowani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) with its main arm downward arching over the uncus (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C7CC65D1D922F9FFBBE23BE" author="Lees" box="[946,1133,689,714]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997">Lees, 1997: 106</bibRefCitation>
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). The vinculum is strongly bowed proximad from LV. See
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C7CC65D1FD32FF8FD4B239A" author="Paulian" box="[499,664,725,750]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Paulian, R. (1951) Etudes sur les lepidopteres malgaches. II. Nouveaux satyrides (1). Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, (A), 6, 387 - 394." type="journal article" year="1951">Paulian (1951)</bibRefCitation>
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for variation in the ♂ genitalia of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7CC65D1A362FFBFB61239A" box="[1046,1202,725,750]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exocellata">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7CC65D1A362FFBFB61239A" box="[1046,1202,725,750]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ht. exocellata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(under its synonyms
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7CC65D1EB72FD7FDC62266" authority="Paulian, 1951" authorityName="Paulian" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,533,761,786]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Henotesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aberrans">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7CC65D1EB72FD7FEA72266" box="[151,372,761,786]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Henotesia aberrans</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C7CC65D1F5B2FD4FDC62266" author="Paulian" box="[379,533,761,786]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Paulian, R. (1951) Etudes sur les lepidopteres malgaches. II. Nouveaux satyrides (1). Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, (A), 6, 387 - 394." type="journal article" year="1951">Paulian, 1951</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7CC65D1C6C2FD7FD342266" box="[588,743,761,786]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">He. benedicta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C7CC65D1CCE2FD4FC582266" author="Paulian" box="[750,907,761,786]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Paulian, R. (1951) Etudes sur les lepidopteres malgaches. II. Nouveaux satyrides (1). Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, (A), 6, 387 - 394." type="journal article" year="1951">Paulian, 1951</bibRefCitation>
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), but see also the phylogeography of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C7CC65D1B0D2FD4FEDE2242" author="Linares" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Linares, M. C., Soto-Calderon, I. D., Lees, D. C. & Anthony, N. M. (2009) High mitochondrial diversity in geographically widespread butterflies of Madagascar: a test of the DNA barcoding approach. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 50, 485 - 495. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2008.11.008" type="journal article" year="2009">
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Linares
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7CC65D1BA82FD7FF682242" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.,</emphasis>
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(2009
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 488–489), who include representatives from the
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<typeStatus id="549548864C7CC65D1D7E2E33FC5D2242" box="[862,910,798,822]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
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localities of both nominal taxa and find no evidence for reciprocal monophyly among the respective populations. The biology of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7CC65D1ABE2E6FFAE6222E" box="[1182,1333,833,858]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exocellata">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7CC65D1ABE2E6FFAE6222E" box="[1182,1333,833,858]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">H. exocellata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group is unknown, but these are low flying forest interior butterflies likely to be associated with low grasses, which seem rarely attracted to fruit. They tend to occur in localised and bright forest pockets with a very humid aspect such as near streams, up to around
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<quantity id="4CD65BC14C7CC65D1FE62E83FDC822B1" box="[454,539,942,966]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</quantity>
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elevation.
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C7CC65D1CB62E83FCE022B2" box="[662,819,941,966]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exocellata">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C7CC65D1CB62E83FCE022B2" box="[662,819,941,966]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ht. exocellata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been observed hilltopping on a ridge (pers. obs.).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |