239 lines
24 KiB
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239 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.907.36563" ID-GBIF-Dataset="69422977-aa4d-4fe3-a450-8ef54d6fa905" ID-PMC="PMC7002455" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-907-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9920267E73CF5E00B644DED1F101D965" ID-PubMed="32063727" ID-ZooBank="DBF339E5EBBC461994388359C769473F" ModsDocID="1313-2970-907-1" checkinTime="1580398733216" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Leger, Theo, Kehlmaier, Christian, Vairappan, Charles S. & Nuss, Matthias" docDate="2020" docId="C661CE39025B5998A3CDCEE68E6F6C72" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 907: 1-99" docOrigin="ZooKeys 907" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.907.36563" docTitle="Hoploscopa astrapias Meyrick 1886" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="9920267E73CF5E00B644DED1F101D965" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="9920267E73CF5E00B644DED1F101D965" masterDocTitle="Twenty-six new species of Hoploscopa (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) from South-East Asia revealed by morphology and DNA barcoding" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668168367651" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Twenty-six new species of Hoploscopa (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) from South-East Asia revealed by morphology and DNA barcoding</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Leger, Theo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Kehlmaier, Christian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Vairappan, Charles S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Nuss, Matthias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>907</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.907.36563</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.907.36563</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-907-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="161926045" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C661CE39025B5998A3CDCEE68E6F6C72" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C661CE39025B5998A3CDCEE68E6F6C72" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="C661CE39-025B-5998-A3CD-CEE68E6F6C72" authority="Meyrick, 1886" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1886" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Hoploscopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoploscopa astrapias" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="astrapias">Hoploscopa astrapias Meyrick, 1886</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 19–33" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 19 - 33. Forewing of Hoploscopa species 19 Hoploscopa danaoensis sp. nov., paratype, ♂, Philippines, Leyte, Lake Danao, 650 m, 14 - 17. iv. 1997 (Mey & Speidel) 20 Hoploscopa aurantiacalis Snellen lectotype, ♀, NHMUK 010923286, Indonesia, Java occ., Pengaleng, 4000 ft, 1893 (genitalia on slide Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Slide N ° 20246) 21 Hoploscopa brunnealis Snellen, lectotype, ♀, NHMUK 010923292, Indonesia, Java occ., Pengaleng, 4000 ft, 1893 (genitalia on slide Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Slide N ° 20247) 22 Hoploscopa ocellata Hampson, holotype, ♀, NHMUK 010923358, Indonesia, Moluccas, Batchian, iii. 1892 (W. Doherty) (genitalia on slide Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Slide N ° 20258) 23 Hoploscopa quadripuncta Rotschild, holotype, ♂, NHMUK 010923357, Indonesia, Papua, Utakwa River, 3000 ft, i. 1913 (A. F. R. Wollaston) (genitalia on slide Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Slide N ° 20257) 24 Hoploscopa semifascia Hampson, ♀, NHMUK 010923321, Papua New Guinea, Southern Highlands, Bosavi, 570 m, 6. i. 1986 (D. Agassiz) (genitalia on slide TL 740 ♀) 25 Hoploscopa subvariegata Rothschild, ♂, Morobe Province, near Wau, Mt. Kaindi, 2360 m, 27 - 28. vii. 1983 (S. E. & P. M. Miller) (genitalia on slide TL 642 ♂) 26 Hoploscopa persimilis Rothschild, lectotype, ♂, NHMUK 010923328, Indonesia, Papua, Utawka River, 3000 ft., i. 1913 (A. F. R. Wollaston) (genitalia on slide Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Slide N ° 20255) 27 Hoploscopa astrapias Meyrick, lectotype, ♀, NHMUK 010923383, Fiji, Vunidawa, 2. i. 1932 (genitalia on slide Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Slide N ° 20241) 28 Hoploscopa anamesa Tams, ♀, NHMUK 010923466, Vanuatu, Aneityum Island, Red Crest, 3 m NE of Anelgauhat, 1200 ft, vi. 1955 (E. Cheesman) (genitalia on slide TL 718 ♀) 29 Hoploscopa nauticorum Tams, allotype, ♀, Samoan, Upolu Island, Malololelei, 2000 ft, 21. ii. 1925 (P. A. Buxton & G. H. Hopkins) 30 Hoploscopa diffusa Hampson, lectotype, ♂, NHMUK 010923338, Papua New Guinea, Fergusson Island, x-xi. 1894 (A. S. Meek) (genitalia on slide Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Slide N ° 1014 ♂) 31 Hoploscopa triangulifera Hampson, ♀, NHMUK 010923453, Biagi, Mambare R., 1600 m, iii. 1906 (A. S. Meek) (genitalia on slide TL 712 ♀) 32 Hoploscopa anacantha sp. nov., holotype, ♂, NHMUK 010923444, Indonesia, North Sumatra, Dumoga-Bone N. P., Gunung Mogogonipa, summit, 1008 m, 18 - 20. x. 1985 (genitalia on slide TL 759 ♂) 33 Hoploscopa kelama sp. nov., paratype, ♂, NHMUK 010923342, Indonesia, North Sulawesi, Dumoga-Bone National Park, Clarke Camp, lower montane forest, 1140 m, x. 1985 (Royal Entomological Society of London, Project Wallace) (genitalia on slide TL 759 ♂)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.907.36563.figures19-33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/375758" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 27</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 64–69" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 64 - 69. male genitalia features of Hoploscopa. 64 Hoploscopa subvariegata, TL 534 ♂ 65 Hoploscopa persimilis, lectotype, Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Slide N ° BMNH 20255 ♂ (no juxta drawing) 66 Hoploscopa diffusa, holotype, Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Slide N ° BMNH 1014 ♂ 67 Hoploscopa triangulifera, TL 711 ♂ 68 Hoploscopa astrapias, TL 724 ♂ 69 Hoploscopa anamesa, TL 727 ♂." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.907.36563.figures64-69" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/375763" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 68</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 107–110" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figures 107 - 110. Female genitalia features of Hoploscopa. 107 Hoploscopa astrapias, TL 23 ♀ 108 Hoploscopa anamesa, TL 718 ♀ 109 Hoploscopa subvariegata, lectotype, Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Slide N ° BMNH 20254 ♀ 110 Hoploscopa triangulifera, holotype, Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Slide N ° BMNH 20256 ♀." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.907.36563.figures107-110" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/375772" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 107</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lectotype</emphasis>
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: ♀, with labels: "Lecto- | type" [round label, purple ringed];
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Vunîdawa">"Vunidawa</normalizedToken>
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| Fiji | HP. 2. 1. [19]32" [handwritten]; "HOPLOSCOPA Meyr." [handwritten]; "astrapias Meyr." [handwritten]; "Hoploscopa | astrapias | 1/1 Meyrick [handwritten] | E. Meyrick det. | in Meyrick Coll."; "Lectotype | Hoploscopa | astrapias | Meyrick | det. M.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Nuß”">Nuss"</normalizedToken>
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[handwritten]; "Meyrick Coll. | B. M. 1938-290."; "♀ | Pyralidae | Brit[ish].Mus[eum]. | Slide N°. | 20241"; "GU 654 | Hoploscopa | astrapias | Matthias
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Nuß”">Nuss"</normalizedToken>
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; " NHMUK 010923383" [barcode appended]. Deposited in NHMUK.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1 ♂, 1 ♀. Fiji: 1 ♂ (DNA voucher MTD8251, genitalia on slide TL724 ♂), 1 ♀ (DNA voucher MTD8250, genitalia on slide TL723 ♀), Viti Levu, Nandarivatu, 820 m, 14.9.1955, leg. H. W. Simmonds (NHMUK).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The forewings of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. astrapias" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="astrapias">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. astrapias</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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display a median cubital triangular white patch and a bean-shaped postmedian patch red with yellow edges, distally with thick white streak. In male genitalia, the uncus is slender, elongated, the gnathos is reduced to a ring without posterior projection and the valva is slender, with an evenly rounded apex. In female genitalia, the corpus bursae is large, spherical, and bears a large, straight, glabrous thorn.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="similar species">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Similar species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tams" authorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Hoploscopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoploscopa anamesa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anamesa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hoploscopa anamesa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. nauticorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nauticorum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. nauticorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but the latter can be separated from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. astrapias" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="astrapias">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. astrapias</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. anamesa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="anamesa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. anamesa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on the forewing: median markings form an elongated white streak running down to dorsal area, disrupted at veins (forming roughly triangular white patch not extending beyond CuA2 in the two other species), and the postmedian patch is quadrangular. In male genitalia, the bristles at uncus apex observed in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. nauticorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nauticorum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. nauticorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are absent or reduced in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. astrapias" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="astrapias">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. astrapias</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. anamesa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="anamesa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. anamesa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and the valva dorsal margin is strongly produced dorsad on basal half, with a more pointed apex in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. nauticorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nauticorum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. nauticorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(dorsal margin slightly convex in two other species, apex evenly rounded). Forewing and male genitalia of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. astrapias" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="astrapias">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. astrapias</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. anamesa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="anamesa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. anamesa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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do not provide unambiguous diagnostic characters to separate them. Median cubital patch of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. anamesa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="anamesa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. anamesa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is slightly thicker than that of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. astrapias" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="astrapias">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. astrapias</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in specimens examined. Female genitalia allow clear segregation of these two species: antrum is membranous in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. anamesa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="anamesa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. anamesa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, while it is lightly sclerotised, twice as long as broad in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. astrapias" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="astrapias">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. astrapias</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and ductus bursae is long, gently coiled twice in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. anamesa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="anamesa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. anamesa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, while it is short and broadly curved in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. astrapias" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="astrapias">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. astrapias</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Antennae dorsally with brown scales. Proboscis white to pale yellow. Maxillary palpi brown, base and inner side pale brown. Labial palpi brown, ventro-basally pale yellow to white.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thorax</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 19–33" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 19 - 33. Forewing of Hoploscopa species 19 Hoploscopa danaoensis sp. nov., paratype, ♂, Philippines, Leyte, Lake Danao, 650 m, 14 - 17. iv. 1997 (Mey & Speidel) 20 Hoploscopa aurantiacalis Snellen lectotype, ♀, NHMUK 010923286, Indonesia, Java occ., Pengaleng, 4000 ft, 1893 (genitalia on slide Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Slide N ° 20246) 21 Hoploscopa brunnealis Snellen, lectotype, ♀, NHMUK 010923292, Indonesia, Java occ., Pengaleng, 4000 ft, 1893 (genitalia on slide Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Slide N ° 20247) 22 Hoploscopa ocellata Hampson, holotype, ♀, NHMUK 010923358, Indonesia, Moluccas, Batchian, iii. 1892 (W. Doherty) (genitalia on slide Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Slide N ° 20258) 23 Hoploscopa quadripuncta Rotschild, holotype, ♂, NHMUK 010923357, Indonesia, Papua, Utakwa River, 3000 ft, i. 1913 (A. F. R. Wollaston) (genitalia on slide Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Slide N ° 20257) 24 Hoploscopa semifascia Hampson, ♀, NHMUK 010923321, Papua New Guinea, Southern Highlands, Bosavi, 570 m, 6. i. 1986 (D. Agassiz) (genitalia on slide TL 740 ♀) 25 Hoploscopa subvariegata Rothschild, ♂, Morobe Province, near Wau, Mt. Kaindi, 2360 m, 27 - 28. vii. 1983 (S. E. & P. M. Miller) (genitalia on slide TL 642 ♂) 26 Hoploscopa persimilis Rothschild, lectotype, ♂, NHMUK 010923328, Indonesia, Papua, Utawka River, 3000 ft., i. 1913 (A. F. R. Wollaston) (genitalia on slide Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Slide N ° 20255) 27 Hoploscopa astrapias Meyrick, lectotype, ♀, NHMUK 010923383, Fiji, Vunidawa, 2. i. 1932 (genitalia on slide Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Slide N ° 20241) 28 Hoploscopa anamesa Tams, ♀, NHMUK 010923466, Vanuatu, Aneityum Island, Red Crest, 3 m NE of Anelgauhat, 1200 ft, vi. 1955 (E. Cheesman) (genitalia on slide TL 718 ♀) 29 Hoploscopa nauticorum Tams, allotype, ♀, Samoan, Upolu Island, Malololelei, 2000 ft, 21. ii. 1925 (P. A. Buxton & G. H. Hopkins) 30 Hoploscopa diffusa Hampson, lectotype, ♂, NHMUK 010923338, Papua New Guinea, Fergusson Island, x-xi. 1894 (A. S. Meek) (genitalia on slide Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Slide N ° 1014 ♂) 31 Hoploscopa triangulifera Hampson, ♀, NHMUK 010923453, Biagi, Mambare R., 1600 m, iii. 1906 (A. S. Meek) (genitalia on slide TL 712 ♀) 32 Hoploscopa anacantha sp. nov., holotype, ♂, NHMUK 010923444, Indonesia, North Sumatra, Dumoga-Bone N. P., Gunung Mogogonipa, summit, 1008 m, 18 - 20. x. 1985 (genitalia on slide TL 759 ♂) 33 Hoploscopa kelama sp. nov., paratype, ♂, NHMUK 010923342, Indonesia, North Sulawesi, Dumoga-Bone National Park, Clarke Camp, lower montane forest, 1140 m, x. 1985 (Royal Entomological Society of London, Project Wallace) (genitalia on slide TL 759 ♂)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.907.36563.figures19-33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/375758" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27</figureCitation>
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). Collar white. Forewing length: 10-11 mm (♂ & ♀); forewing ground colour brown; basal yellow streak along 1A+2A, abutted with cubital reddish brown fascia running up to median area, disrupted by median cubital patch; costal field reddish brown; median discoidal stigma trapezoid, reddish brown, edged basally and distally with yellow, median cubital patch triangular, snow white, together with median discoidal stigma forming a canine tooth shape; post-median patch bean-shaped, reddish brown with yellow edges, with thick snow white streak abutting dorsally; postmedian area suffused with reddish brown; subterminal line white, not reaching dorsum; subterminal field broadly marked with reddish brown; fringes brown. Hindwing pale yellow, bronze toward distal margin. Forelegs brown. Midlegs brown to bronze; tibia medially white. Hindlegs brown to bronze, tibia base dorsally pale yellow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male genitalia</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
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= 1) (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 64–69" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 64 - 69. male genitalia features of Hoploscopa. 64 Hoploscopa subvariegata, TL 534 ♂ 65 Hoploscopa persimilis, lectotype, Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Slide N ° BMNH 20255 ♂ (no juxta drawing) 66 Hoploscopa diffusa, holotype, Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Slide N ° BMNH 1014 ♂ 67 Hoploscopa triangulifera, TL 711 ♂ 68 Hoploscopa astrapias, TL 724 ♂ 69 Hoploscopa anamesa, TL 727 ♂." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.907.36563.figures64-69" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/375763" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">68</figureCitation>
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). Uncus long, slender, with straight lateral margin, apex narrow, tongue-shaped, dorsally with sclerotised bristles. Gnathos projection limited to small ridge. Valva slender, ventral margin nearly straight, dorsal margin slightly convex, apex rounded. Juxta broad, with base rounded, apex weakly sclerotised, slightly incurved. Saccus small, pointing dorsad. Phallus with large flat spatula-shaped cornutus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 1) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 107–110" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figures 107 - 110. Female genitalia features of Hoploscopa. 107 Hoploscopa astrapias, TL 23 ♀ 108 Hoploscopa anamesa, TL 718 ♀ 109 Hoploscopa subvariegata, lectotype, Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Slide N ° BMNH 20254 ♀ 110 Hoploscopa triangulifera, holotype, Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Slide N ° BMNH 20256 ♀." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.907.36563.figures107-110" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/375772" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">107</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anterior apophyses with dorsal bump at posterior 1/3. Antrum lightly sclerotised, twice as long as broad. Ductus bursae of medium length, broadly curved. Corpus bursae globular, with posterior half reticulated, anterior half membranous, with weak sclerotisation between thorn and corpus opening. Thorn long and slender, straight, glabrous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Known from the island of Viti Levu (Fiji), at altitudes between 0 and 800 m.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="dna barcoding">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">DNA barcoding.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1886" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Hoploscopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoploscopa astrapias" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="astrapias">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hoploscopa astrapias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows a divergence of 3.9% with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. anamesa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="anamesa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. anamesa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 3.3-4.7% with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. nauticorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nauticorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. nauticorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phylogenetic relationships">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylogenetic relationships.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1886" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Hoploscopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoploscopa astrapias" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="astrapias">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hoploscopa astrapias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. anamesa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="anamesa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. anamesa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. nauticorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nauticorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. nauticorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are recovered together in the ML analysis of the COI barcode (BS = 61). This topology is congruent with the morphology of these three species: the forewings display a snow white transversal median line and postmedian streak; in male genitalia, the uncus is elongated, slender, the gnathos is reduced to a sclerotised band without posterior projection, the phallus bears a large, flattened, spatula-shaped cornutus; in female genitalia, the corpus bursae is globular and bears a long and slender straight thorn. Within this clade, a close relationship between
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. astrapias" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="astrapias">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. astrapias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. anamesa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="anamesa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. anamesa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is supported by both morphology and molecular data (BS = 78).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |