366 lines
48 KiB
XML
366 lines
48 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="ECCDBB9662018539F3D12B71E6B5DFC7">Revision of Palaearctic species of the genus Cionus Clairville (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cionini)</mods:title>
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58.
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<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FFE04C67FF14336E3079B354" ID-CoL="VFM7" authority="(Brulle, 1839)" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[195,593,512,539]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegatus">
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<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE04C67FF14336E33B6B355" bold="true" box="[195,414,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Cionus variegatus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="2A26BEF6FFE04C67FE79336F3060B354" author="Brulle, A." box="[430,584,512,539]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="53 - 96" refId="ref110403" refString="Brulle, A. (1839) Entomologie. In: Barker-Webb, P. & Berthelot, S. (Ed.), Histoire naturelle des iles Canaries. (Animaux articules recueillis aux Iles Canaries). Vol. II. Pars 2. Mellier, Paris, pp. 53 - 96." type="book chapter" year="1839">Brullé, 1839</bibRefCitation>
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<subSubSection id="06AD908CFFE04C67FF40334B3335B370" box="[151,285,548,575]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4E08C307FFE04C67FF40334B3335B370" blockId="96.[151,593,512,575]" box="[151,285,548,575]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<figureCitation id="D68CDF82FFE04C67FF40334B32C2B371" box="[151,234,548,575]" captionStart="FIGURES 57–58" captionStartId="141.[151,264,1888,1913]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,178,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@141.[151,1436,174,1869]" captionTargetPageId="141" captionText="FIGURES 57–58. FIGURE 57. Cionus wittei. a: body in dorsal view (male), b: body in lateral view (male), c: rostrum in lateral view (female), d: penis in ventral view, e: penis in lateral view, f: apex of penis in dorsal view. Not to scale. FIGURE 58. Cionus variegatus. a: body in dorsal view (male), b: body in lateral view (male), c: rostrum in lateral view (female), d: penis in ventral view, e: penis in lateral view, f: apex of penis in dorsal view. Not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3294263/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Figs 58</figureCitation>
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a–f.
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<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE04C67FF403306334FB3CE" box="[151,359,617,640]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Mononyx variegatus</emphasis>
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Brullé. 1839: 72
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="CF16E516FFE04C67FDC8330630FEB3CF" author="Zumpt, F." box="[543,726,617,641]" page="227" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" year="1937">
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(
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<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE04C67FD32330631B6B3CE" box="[741,926,617,640]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Cionus variegatus</emphasis>
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).
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(
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<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE04C67FBAE3306371AB3CE" box="[1145,1330,617,640]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Cionus variegatus</emphasis>
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).
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<treatmentCitation id="CF16E516FFE04C67FA9033073305B3D1" author="Caldara, R." page="124" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" year="2013">
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(
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<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE04C67FEEB33E733DDB3D1" box="[316,501,648,671]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Cionus variegatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2A26BEF6FFE04C67FDDD33E83169B3D1" author="Machado, A. & Oromi, P." box="[522,833,647,672]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" refId="ref112434" refString="Machado, A. & Oromi, P. (2000) Elenco de los Coleopteros de las Islas Canarias. Instituto de Estudios Canarios, La Laguna, 306 pp." type="book" year="2000">Machado & Oromí, 2000: 228</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="CF16E516FFE04C67FC9E33E8368BB3EE" author="Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A. & Barrios, H. & Borovec, R. & Bouchard, P. & Caldara, R. & Colonnelli, E. & Gultekin, L. & Hlavac, P. & Korotyaev, B. & Lyal, C. H. C. & Machado, A. & Meregalli, M. & Pierotti, H. & Ren, L. & Sanchez-Ruiz, M. & Sforzi, A. & Silfverberg, H. & Tryzna, M. & Velazquez de Castro, A. J. & Yunakov, N. N." box="[841,1187,647,672]" page="186" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" year="2017">
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<bibRefCitation id="2A26BEF6FFE04C67FC9E33E8368BB3EE" author="Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A. & Barrios, H. & Borovec, R. & Bouchard, P. & Caldara, R. & Colonnelli, E. & Gultekin, L. & Hlavac, P. & Korotyaev, B. & Lyal, C. H. C. & Machado, A. & Meregalli, M. & Pierotti, H. & Ren, L. & Sanchez-Ruiz, M. & Sforzi, A. & Silfverberg, H. & Tryzna, M. & Velazquez de Castro, A. J. & Yunakov, N. N." box="[841,1187,647,672]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" refId="ref109524" refString="Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A., Barrios, H., Borovec, R., Bouchard, P., Caldara, R., Colonnelli, E., Gultekin, L., Hlavac, P., Korotyaev, B., Lyal, C. H. C., Machado, A., Meregalli, M., Pierotti, H., Ren, L., Sanchez-Ruiz, M., Sforzi, A., Silfverberg, H., Skuhr- ovec, J., Tryzna, M., Velazquez de Castro, A. J. & Yunakov, N. N. (2017) Cooperative Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Curculionoidea. Monografias electronicas SEA 8. Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa S. E. A., Zaragosa, 729 pp." type="book" year="2017">
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Alonso-Zarazaga
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<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE04C67FC2933E73619B3D1" box="[1022,1073,647,671]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2017: 186
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(
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<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FFE04C67FB6533E73743B3D1" ID-CoL="VFM7" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[1202,1387,648,671]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegatus">
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<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE04C67FB6533E73743B3D1" box="[1202,1387,648,671]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Cionus variegatus</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4E08C307FFE04C67FF4033C931E0B393" blockId="96.[151,1437,616,733]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FFE04C67FF4033C93008B3F0" ID-CoL="8HZCH" authority="Boheman, 1845: 179" authorityName="Boheman M. Kostal et R. Caldara" authorityPageNumber="179" authorityYear="1845" box="[151,544,677,702]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luctuosus">
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<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE04C67FF4033C9336DB3F0" box="[151,325,678,702]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Cionus luctuosus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="CF16E516FFE04C67FE9D33CA3008B3F0" author="Boheman, C. H." box="[330,544,677,702]" page="179" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" year="1845">
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<bibRefCitation id="2A26BEF6FFE04C67FE9D33CA3008B3F0" author="Boheman, C. H." box="[330,544,677,702]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" refId="ref110144" refString="Boheman, C. H. (1845) In: Schoenherr, C. J. (Ed.), Genera et species Curculionidum, cum synonymia hujus familiae. Species novae aut hactenus minus cognitae, descriptionibus a Dom. Leonardo Gyllenhal, C. H. Boheman, O. J. Fahreus et entomologis aliis illustratae. Tomus octavus. Pars secunda. Supplementum contiens. Roret, Parisiis and Fleischer, Lipsiae, 504 pp." type="book" year="1845">Boheman, 1845: 179</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="CF16E516FFE04C67FDFE33CA3100B3F0" author="Wingelmuller, A." box="[553,808,677,702]" page="221" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" year="1914">
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<bibRefCitation id="2A26BEF6FFE04C67FDFE33CA3100B3F0" author="Wingelmuller, A." box="[553,808,677,702]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="166 - 237" refId="ref114355" refString="Wingelmuller, A. (1914) Monographie der palaarktischen Arten der Tribus Cionini. Munchen, pp. 166 - 237." type="book chapter" year="1914">Wingelmüller, 1914: 221</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="CF16E516FFE04C67FCE533C931B1B3F0" author="Wingelmuller, A." box="[818,921,678,702]" page="110" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" year="1921">
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<bibRefCitation id="2A26BEF6FFE04C67FCE533C931B1B3F0" author="Wingelmuller, A." box="[818,921,678,702]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="101 - 124" refId="ref114378" refString="Wingelmuller, A. (1921) Bestimmungstabelle der palaarktischen Cionini (Curculionidae) nebst Beschreibungen neuer Arten. Koleopterologische Rundschau, 9, 101 - 124." type="journal article" year="1921">1921: 110</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="CF16E516FFE04C67FC7433C93624B3F0" author="Wingelmuller, A." box="[931,1036,678,702]" page="203" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" year="1937">
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<bibRefCitation id="2A26BEF6FFE04C67FC7433C93624B3F0" author="Wingelmuller, A." box="[931,1036,678,702]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="143 - 221" refId="ref114406" refString="Wingelmuller, A. (1937) Monografie der palaarktischen Arten der Tribus Cionini. Koleopterologische Rundschau, 23, 143 - 221." type="journal article" year="1937">1937: 203</bibRefCitation>
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.
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|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A26BEF6FFE04C67FBC233CA36E5B3F0" author="Roudier, A. J." box="[1045,1229,677,702]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="17 - 55" refId="ref113286" refString="Roudier, A. J. (1957) Curculionides nouveaux ou peu connus des iles Canaries (Col.). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 125, 17 - 55. [1956]" type="journal article" year="1957">Roudier, 1957: 46</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CF16E516FFE04C67FB0133CA3318B393" author="Machado, A. & Oromi, P." page="228" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" year="2000">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A26BEF6FFE04C67FB0133CA3318B393" author="Machado, A. & Oromi, P." pageId="96" pageNumber="97" refId="ref112434" refString="Machado, A. & Oromi, P. (2000) Elenco de los Coleopteros de las Islas Canarias. Instituto de Estudios Canarios, La Laguna, 306 pp." type="book" year="2000">Machado & Oromí, 2000: 228</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. (syn. n.).
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CF16E516FFE04C67FE4D33AB3077B393" author="Caldara, R." box="[410,607,708,733]" page="124" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" year="2013">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A26BEF6FFE04C67FE4D33AB3077B393" author="Caldara, R." box="[410,607,708,733]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="117" refId="ref110460" refString="Caldara, R. (2013) Curculioninae. In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 8. Leiden, Brill, pp. 117." type="book chapter" year="2013">Caldara, 2013: 124</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CF16E516FFE04C67FDB033AB31ECB393" author="Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A. & Barrios, H. & Borovec, R. & Bouchard, P. & Caldara, R. & Colonnelli, E. & Gultekin, L. & Hlavac, P. & Korotyaev, B. & Lyal, C. H. C. & Machado, A. & Meregalli, M. & Pierotti, H. & Ren, L. & Sanchez-Ruiz, M. & Sforzi, A. & Silfverberg, H. & Tryzna, M. & Velazquez de Castro, A. J. & Yunakov, N. N." box="[615,964,708,733]" page="186" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" year="2017">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A26BEF6FFE04C67FDB033AB31ECB393" author="Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A. & Barrios, H. & Borovec, R. & Bouchard, P. & Caldara, R. & Colonnelli, E. & Gultekin, L. & Hlavac, P. & Korotyaev, B. & Lyal, C. H. C. & Machado, A. & Meregalli, M. & Pierotti, H. & Ren, L. & Sanchez-Ruiz, M. & Sforzi, A. & Silfverberg, H. & Tryzna, M. & Velazquez de Castro, A. J. & Yunakov, N. N." box="[615,964,708,733]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" refId="ref109524" refString="Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A., Barrios, H., Borovec, R., Bouchard, P., Caldara, R., Colonnelli, E., Gultekin, L., Hlavac, P., Korotyaev, B., Lyal, C. H. C., Machado, A., Meregalli, M., Pierotti, H., Ren, L., Sanchez-Ruiz, M., Sforzi, A., Silfverberg, H., Skuhr- ovec, J., Tryzna, M., Velazquez de Castro, A. J. & Yunakov, N. N. (2017) Cooperative Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Curculionoidea. Monografias electronicas SEA 8. Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa S. E. A., Zaragosa, 729 pp." type="book" year="2017">
|
||
Alonso-Zarazaga
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE04C67FCCB33AA3167B393" box="[796,847,709,733]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2017: 186
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="06AD908CFFE04C67FF4032643679B5C0" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="4E08C307FFE04C67FF40326433C3B26B" blockId="96.[151,1437,778,2030]" box="[151,491,778,805]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="FEDFC95AFFE04C67FF40326433CFB26B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2273923629" box="[151,487,778,805]" location="Canary Islands" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Canarias" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE04C67FF403264331EB26B" bold="true" box="[151,310,778,805]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<typeStatus id="910C7DA5FFE04C67FF40326432FAB26B" box="[151,210,779,805]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8C730DE5FFE04C67FEEB326433CFB26B" box="[316,487,779,805]" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Canary Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4E08C307FFE04C67FF10324037B1B2FB" blockId="96.[151,1437,778,2030]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="FEDFC95AFFE04C67FF10324037BCB2FB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2273923538" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="Brulle" location="Canary Islands" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Canarias" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE04C67FF103240337AB207" bold="true" box="[199,338,814,841]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<typeStatus id="910C7DA5FFE04C67FF103240332AB207" box="[199,258,815,841]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
series.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The species was described from “
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8C730DE5FFE04C67FD1B32403150B207" box="[716,888,815,841]" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Canary Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
” without giving an exact locality and the number of specimens. We did not find the
|
||
<typeStatus id="910C7DA5FFE04C67FDC9323B3066B220" box="[542,590,852,878]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material in coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="E342A6D1FFE04C67FCC6323C317FB223" box="[785,855,851,877]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Brullé</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="28A65BC2FFE04C67FCB0323C31EBB223" box="[871,963,851,877]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
). However, a detailed original description referring to the peculiar black and white vestiture of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FFE04C67FD3C32173197B2DF" authority="" Joli" authorityName="Joli" box="[747,959,887,914]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE04C67FD3C321731AAB2DF" box="[747,898,888,914]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">C. variegatus</emphasis>
|
||
“Joli
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
insecte varié de noir et de blanc...” leaves no doubt about the identity of the described taxon, which cannot be confused with any other weevil on the islands
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4E08C307FFE04C67FF1032D13679B5C0" blockId="96.[151,1437,778,2030]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE04C67FF1032D13361B297" bold="true" box="[199,329,958,985]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Synonyms.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FFE04C67FE8532AF303BB297" authorityName="Boheman M. Kostal et R. Caldara" authorityYear="1845" box="[338,531,959,986]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luctuosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE04C67FE8532AF303BB297" box="[338,531,959,986]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Cionus luctuosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from Tenerife based upon an unknown number of specimens. In coll. Schoenherr (
|
||
<collectionCode id="28A65BC2FFE04C67FEB6328C3399B2B3" box="[353,433,995,1021]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rsbi-vwmq" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History, Entomology Collections" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">NHRS</collectionCode>
|
||
), where Boheman´s types are deposited, there is a pinned,
|
||
<quantity id="894F6EE2FFE04C67FB98328D369CB2B0" box="[1103,1204,994,1022]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="4.75">4.75 mm</quantity>
|
||
long female labeled “1078 / Typus / Coll. Chevrol.”, which perfectly corresponds to the original descriptions of both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FFE04C67FB3E356732FCB50B" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mononyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE04C67FB3E356732FCB50B" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Mononyx variegatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FFE04C67FEDA354333E7B50B" authorityName="Boheman M. Kostal et R. Caldara" authorityYear="1845" box="[269,463,1067,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luctuosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE04C67FEDA354333E7B50B" box="[269,463,1067,1094]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Cionus luctuosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Therefore, these two species are surely conspecific. We designated the female as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="910C7DA5FFE04C67FF40352032D6B527" box="[151,254,1103,1129]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FFE04C67FEF5353F307AB527" authority="Boheman" authorityName="Boheman M. Kostal et R. Caldara" authorityYear="1845" box="[290,594,1103,1130]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luctuosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE04C67FEF5353F33C9B527" box="[290,481,1103,1130]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Cionus luctuosus</emphasis>
|
||
Boheman
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by adding the label “
|
||
<typeStatus id="910C7DA5FFE04C67FCEB352031DAB527" box="[828,1010,1103,1129]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPUS</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FFE04C67FC2F3520330BB5C3" authority="Boheman M. Kostal et R. Caldara" authorityName="Boheman M. Kostal et R. Caldara" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luctuosus">Cionus luctuosus Boheman M.Košťál et R.Caldara</taxonomicName>
|
||
des.2011 [printed red label]” and identified the species as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FFE04C67FC64351B3662B5C3" box="[947,1098,1140,1166]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mononyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE04C67FC64351B3662B5C3" box="[947,1098,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">C. variegatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="06AD908CFFE04C66FF1035F93070B579" lastPageId="97" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="4E08C307FFE04C66FF1035F930E5B275" blockId="96.[151,1437,778,2030]" lastBlockId="97.[151,1437,153,1692]" lastPageId="97" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE04C67FF1035F9335DB5FF" bold="true" box="[199,373,1174,1201]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Redescription.</emphasis>
|
||
Male. Body medium stout, suboval.
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE04C67FCC735F83171B5FF" bold="true" box="[784,857,1175,1201]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Head:</emphasis>
|
||
rostrum medium stout, medium long (l/
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2B83A5C0FFE04C67FAC035F83770B5FF" box="[1303,1368,1175,1201]" degrees="4.9" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" precision="5555" value="-4.9">w 4.9</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, Rl/Pl 1.46), black; in lateral view very slightly, somewhat unevenly curved, upper outline at antennal insertion slightly abruptly curved, lower outline evenly slightly curved, in basal part of same width from base to antennal insertion, in apical part tapered to apex; in dorsal view same width from base to antennal insertion, then slightly broadened to apex, in basal part round in cross-section, in apical part dorsoventrally flattened; confluently, longitudinally punctured except smooth matt median longitudinal apical area; basal part with mostly upwardly oriented, recumbent, thin, whitish and brownish intermixed scales, in apical part with forwardly oriented, subrecumbent, long pale seta-like scales. Head between eyes narrow, of 0.4 rostrum width at base. Eyes very large, rounded, not protruding from head outline. Antennae black to blackish-brown, inserted at 2/3 of rostrum length; funicle of 0.7 scape length, segment 1 wider than segment 2, segment 1 1.5 ×, segment 2 more than three times as long as wide, segments 3–5 as long as wide; club elongate, more than 2.5 × as long as wide, completely covered with recumbent thin pale and dark hairs, and sparse erect, relatively short pale sensilla.
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE04C67FD0B374C3176B773" bold="true" box="[732,862,1571,1597]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Pronotum:</emphasis>
|
||
black, markedly wider than long (Pl/Pw 0.62), very densely punctured, punctures subrotund, of almost equal size, spaces between punctures considerably smaller than puncture diameter; semidensely covered with recumbent, slightly elongate black scales, on sides entirely covered with light scales, in mediobasal area with large, longitudinal medial band formed by recumbent whitish to yellowish elongate (l/w 4–6) scales; widest at base, subparallel to slightly convergent to half of pronotal length, then abruptly subconically narrowed to anterior margin, with shallow but distinct wide constriction, in lateral view in basal half flat, then abruptly falling to anterior margin.
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE04C67FD4537943102B65B" bold="true" box="[658,810,1787,1813]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Prosternum:</emphasis>
|
||
anterior margin with sharply incised, deep subquadrate incision bounded by tubercles, separated from coxae by narrow prosternal area.
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE04C67FBC6367136BAB677" bold="true" box="[1041,1170,1822,1849]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Scutellum:</emphasis>
|
||
triangular, with whitish scales similar to those in white elytral pattern, densely punctured.
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE04C67FCAC362C31F8B613" bold="true" box="[891,976,1859,1885]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Elytra:</emphasis>
|
||
black, in basal 2/3 subparallel to slightly rounded, in apical third broadly slightly unevenly rounded, moderately elongate (El/Ew 1.25), widest at about 1/3 of their length, at base somewhat wider than pronotum (Ew/Pw 1.69), humeri subrotund to subquadrate, moderately prominent, with posthumeral impression; moderately convex on disc; interstria 1 at about 1/3 of medial length and in preapical area broadened, interstria 2 at same lengths narrowed and constricted laterally encompassing medium large subrotund black tomentous maculae without differently colored scale border; interstriae except perimacular area of approximately equal width; odd interstriae without patches of scales; striae shallow, formed by single, almost even rows of deep round punctures; entire surface completely covered with densely arranged, recumbent, moderately elongate black scales and recumbent elongate (l/w 3–6), whitish scales forming striking “black and white” pattern, large white areas almost confluently covering elytral sides including apex and dorsum, especially periscutellar area, with smaller white irregular maculae, both
|
||
<typeStatus id="910C7DA5FFE14C66FC80302231BAB029" box="[855,914,333,359]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of scales fully concealing elytral integument.
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE14C66FF40301E32D8B0C5" bold="true" box="[151,240,369,395]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Venter:</emphasis>
|
||
unevenly densely covered with whitish hairs and broader scales, whitish to yellowish clusters of scales on metepisterna, sides of metasternum, sides of ventrite 2 and paramedially on ventrites 3–5; mesosternal process flat, posterior margin straightly truncated, covered with fine hairs, densely punctured to rugulose; metasternum concave, densely punctured, ventrite 1 with medium deep impression, ventrite 2 flattened, both ventrites punctured; ventrite 1 1.7 × as long as ventrite 2, ventrites 1–2 combined 4.4 × as long as ventrites 3–4 combined, ventrites 3–4 combined of 0.9 of ventrite 5.
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE14C66FE69334A33D7B371" bold="true" box="[446,511,549,575]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Legs:</emphasis>
|
||
black except brown claws, profemora without teeth, only with tuft of erect scales, mesofemora with small blunt, metafemora with slightly larger blunt teeth; femora covered with recumbent to subrecumbent, whitish and dark intermixed elongate scales forming incomplete to almost complete transverse whitish bands, tibiae covered with intermixed recumbent to suberect whitish and dark elongate scales, tarsi with suberect, thin, whitish seta-like scales except onychia being covered with recumbent, thin, whitish hairs; protarsal onychia shorter than tarsomeres 1–3 combined, tarsomere 3 wider than long; protarsal lateral, meso- and metatarsal medial claws by about 1/4 shorter and indistinctly thinner than their pair-claws.
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE14C66FC6033933628B259" bold="true" box="[951,1024,764,791]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Penis:</emphasis>
|
||
<figureCitation id="D68CDF82FFE14C66FBD133923670B259" box="[1030,1112,764,791]" captionStart="FIGURES 57–58" captionStartId="141.[151,264,1888,1913]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,178,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@141.[151,1436,174,1869]" captionTargetPageId="141" captionText="FIGURES 57–58. FIGURE 57. Cionus wittei. a: body in dorsal view (male), b: body in lateral view (male), c: rostrum in lateral view (female), d: penis in ventral view, e: penis in lateral view, f: apex of penis in dorsal view. Not to scale. FIGURE 58. Cionus variegatus. a: body in dorsal view (male), b: body in lateral view (male), c: rostrum in lateral view (female), d: penis in ventral view, e: penis in lateral view, f: apex of penis in dorsal view. Not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3294263/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Figs 58</figureCitation>
|
||
d–f, its body relatively short, widest in middle, abruptly bluntly tapered to apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4E08C307FFE14C66FF10322A310AB2E9" blockId="97.[151,1437,153,1692]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Female. Rostrum longer (Rl/Pl 1.77), in lateral view without abrupt curvature at antennal insertion, evenly moderately curved, of same width from base to apex, antennal insertion at 0.6 of rostrum length. Ventrites 1 and 2 without impression. Claws of approximately equal length.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4E08C307FFE14C66FF1032DE3070B579" blockId="97.[151,1437,153,1692]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE14C66FF1032DE336CB285" box="[199,324,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Variability.</emphasis>
|
||
Length
|
||
<specimenCount id="58B1088EFFE14C66FE7432DE33E5B285" box="[419,461,945,971]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<quantity id="894F6EE2FFE14C66FE0232DE30AFB285" box="[469,647,945,971]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" metricValueMax="4.62" metricValueMin="3.98" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" unit="mm" value="4.3" valueMax="4.62" valueMin="3.98">3.98 - 4.62 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="58B1088EFFE14C66FD4332DE3096B285" box="[660,702,945,971]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<quantity id="894F6EE2FFE14C66FD1132DF3146B285" box="[710,878,944,971]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.585" metricValueMax="4.82" metricValueMin="4.35" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" unit="mm" value="4.585" valueMax="4.82" valueMin="4.35">4.35–4.82 mm</quantity>
|
||
. This species shows remarkable variability in the white elytral pattern in periscutellar and dorsal perimacular area. In some specimens the white spots are almost missing, whereas in others they are confluent, surrounding scutellum and dorsal macula. Otherwise, shape, texture and shape ratios are minimally variable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="06AD908CFFE14C66FF10352F3623B5A5" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="4E08C307FFE14C66FF10352F32D0B5ED" blockId="97.[151,1437,153,1692]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE14C66FF10352F336AB515" bold="true" box="[199,322,1088,1115]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FFE14C66FE9E352E303DB515" box="[329,533,1089,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE14C66FE9E352E303DB515" box="[329,533,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Cionus variegatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very easily recognizable by completely concealed elytral integument, striking black and white elytral pattern, elongate antennal club, wider pronotum, reduced to absent femoral teeth, and shape of penis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4E08C307FFE14C66FF1035C33623B5A5" blockId="97.[151,1437,153,1692]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE14C66FF1035C33399B589" bold="true" box="[199,433,1196,1223]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Comparative notes.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is most closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FFE14C66FCBE35C231F3B589" authorityName="Har. Lindberg" authorityYear="1958" box="[873,987,1197,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="griseus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE14C66FCBE35C231F3B589" box="[873,987,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">C. griseus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from which it differs by more elongate antennal club, shorter pronotum, more striking elytral pattern, and penis shape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="06AD908CFFE14C66FF10359B3181B761" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="4E08C307FFE14C66FF10359B3181B761" blockId="97.[151,1437,153,1692]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE14C66FF10359B33A3B441" bold="true" box="[199,395,1268,1295]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Biological notes.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A26BEF6FFE14C66FE44359A3088B441" author="Stuben, P. E. & Behne, L." box="[403,672,1269,1295]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" refId="ref113647" refString="Stuben, P. E. & Behne, L. (2013) Die Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) Gran Canarias. Mit einem Nachtrag zu den Curculionoidea La Gomeras. Snudebiller: Studies on taxonomy, biology and ecology of Curculionoidea. 14 (212). Curculio-Institute, Monchengladbach, 53 pp. [https: // www. curci. de /? beitrag = 212]" type="book" year="2013">Stüben & Behne (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported this species from Gomera on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FFE14C66FB8B359A37B0B441" authority="Stokes" authorityName="Stokes" authorityYear="1787" box="[1116,1432,1269,1295]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Verbascum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virgatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE14C66FB8B359A376AB441" box="[1116,1346,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Verbascum virgatum</emphasis>
|
||
Stokes
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which surely concerns the nutritional feeding of imagoes. In the same paper the authors report
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FFE14C66FB643476376EB47D" box="[1203,1350,1305,1331]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Scrophularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE14C66FB643476376EB47D" box="[1203,1350,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Scrophularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. as a collecting plant from several places in Gomera. Subsequently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A26BEF6FFE14C66FC9A3452367DB419" author="Stuben, P. E. & Behne, L." box="[845,1109,1340,1367]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" refId="ref113717" refString="Stuben, P. E. & Behne, L. (2015) Die Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) La Palmas. Snudebiller: Studies on taxonomy, biology and ecology of Curculionoidea. 16 (242). Curculio-Institute, Monchengladbach, 86 pp. [https: // www. curci. de /? beitrag = 242]" type="book" year="2015">Stüben & Behne (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FFE14C66FB6834523757B419" authority="Aiton" authorityName="Aiton" box="[1215,1407,1341,1367]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Scrophularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE14C66FB6834523712B419" box="[1215,1338,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">S. glabrata</emphasis>
|
||
Aiton
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a collecting plant from two localities on La Palma (718 and
|
||
<quantity id="894F6EE2FFE14C66FCE0340E31A4B435" box="[823,908,1377,1403]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3619999999999999" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" unit="m" value="1362.0">1362 m</quantity>
|
||
a. s. l.) and mentioned also
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FFE14C66FB12340E337DB4D1" authority="(Bolle) Dalgaard" authorityName="Dalgaard" baseAuthorityName="Bolle" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Scrophularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="smithii" subSpecies="langeana">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE14C66FB12340E37B4B435" box="[1221,1436,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">S. smithii langeana</emphasis>
|
||
(Bolle) Dalgaard
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a host plant. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A26BEF6FFE14C66FD7534EA31DFB4D1" author="Bramwell, D. & Bramwell, Z. I." box="[674,1015,1413,1439]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" refId="ref110267" refString="Bramwell, D. & Bramwell, Z. I. (1990) Flores Silvestres de las Islas Canarias. Editorial Rueda, Madrid, 376 pp." type="book" year="1990">Bramwell & Bramwell (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FFE14C66FBD434EA3657B4D1" box="[1027,1151,1413,1439]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Scrophularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE14C66FBD434EA3657B4D1" box="[1027,1151,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">S. glabrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs at high elevations of
|
||
<quantity id="894F6EE2FFE14C66FF6334C63374B48D" box="[180,348,1449,1475]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" unit="m" value="2000.0" valueMax="2400.0" valueMin="1600.0">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2B83A5C0FFE14C66FF6334C632DAB48D" box="[180,242,1449,1475]" degrees="1,600" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" precision="55" value="1.6">1,600</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2B83A5C0FFE14C66FF2534C63368B48D" box="[242,320,1449,1475]" degrees="2,400" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" precision="55" value="-2.4">–2,400</geoCoordinate>
|
||
m
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
a. s. l. whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FFE14C66FDDE34C630C4B48D" box="[521,748,1449,1475]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Scrophularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="smitghii" subSpecies="langeana">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE14C66FDDE34C630C4B48D" box="[521,748,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">S. smitghii langeana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in elevations up to
|
||
<quantity id="894F6EE2FFE14C66FBF534C63640B48D" box="[1058,1128,1449,1475]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
|
||
a. s. l. Therefore, and based on numerous specimens examined by us exclusively from lower elevations, e.g. one male from Tenerife collected on “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FFE14C66FF1F349E3319B745" box="[200,305,1521,1547]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Scrophularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="smithii">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE14C66FF1F349E3319B745" box="[200,305,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">S. smithii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” at
|
||
<quantity id="894F6EE2FFE14C66FEB5349E3383B745" box="[354,427,1521,1547]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
|
||
a. s. l. (MZLU), the above mentioned observations indicate that the true host plant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FFE14C66FA54349E3325B761" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE14C66FA54349E3325B761" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">C. variegatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is probably
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89B7B884FFE14C66FE4E377A3058B761" box="[409,624,1557,1583]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Scrophularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="smithii" subSpecies="langeana">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE14C66FE4E377A3058B761" box="[409,624,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">S. smithii langeana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with uncertain monophagy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="06AD908CFFE14C66FF10375736C4B71A" box="[199,1260,1592,1620]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="4E08C307FFE14C66FF10375736C4B71A" blockId="97.[151,1437,153,1692]" box="[199,1260,1592,1620]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE14C66FF1037573349B71D" bold="true" box="[199,353,1592,1619]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is endemic to the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8C730DE5FFE14C66FD693756314CB71D" box="[702,868,1593,1619]" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Canary Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Tenerife, Gomera and La Palma).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="06AD908CFFE14C66FF103732370BB7D2" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="4E08C307FFE14C66FF103732370BB7D2" blockId="97.[151,1437,153,1692]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CC31F15FFE14C66FF1037323012B739" bold="true" box="[199,570,1628,1655]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Non-type specimens examined.</emphasis>
|
||
We examined
|
||
<specimenCount id="58B1088EFFE14C66FD3237323156B739" box="[741,894,1629,1655]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="generic">67 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from all three Islands. Tenerife (Las Mercedes, Mt. Aguirre), Gomera (El Cedro, Monte El Cedro, Espigon de Ibosa), La Palma (unspecified localities).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |