treatments-xml/data/03/92/87/039287D1FF86FFAF060FF7CFFF779D25.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.3114/fuse.2021.07.12" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45582465-cc89-4bb1-a211-21256de3d4af" ID-ISSN="2589-3831" ID-PMC="PMC8165966" ID-PubMed="34124626" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5838834" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_document="1" checkinTime="1641930935812" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Nitare, J., Ainsworth, A. M., Larsson, E., Parfitt, D., Suz, L. M., Svantesson, S. &amp; Larsson, K. - H." docDate="2021" docId="039287D1FF86FFAF060FF7CFFF779D25" docLanguage="en" docName="FungalSystEvol.7.233-254.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fungal Systematics and Evolution 7 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2021.07.12" docTitle="Hydnellum nemorosum A. M. Ainsw. &amp; E. Larss. 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="248" masterDocId="FFABFFA9FF8BFFA0052AFFC5FFE89566" masterDocTitle="Four new species of Hydnellum (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) with a note on Sarcodon illudens" masterLastPageNumber="254" masterPageNumber="233" pageNumber="246" updateTime="1668128907653" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:title>Four new species of Hydnellum (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) with a note on Sarcodon illudens</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Nitare, J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Skogsstyrelsen, SE- 551 83 JÖnkÖping, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Ainsworth, A. M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW 9 3 DS UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Larsson, E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P. O. Box 461, SE- 405 30 GÖteborg, Sweden &amp; Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, P. O. Box 461, SE- 405 30 GÖteborg, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Parfitt, D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF 10 3 AX UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Suz, L. M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW 9 3 DS UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Svantesson, S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P. O. Box 461, SE- 405 30 GÖteborg, Sweden &amp; Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, P. O. Box 461, SE- 405 30 GÖteborg, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Larsson, K. - H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, P. O. Box 461, SE- 405 30 GÖteborg, Sweden &amp; Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1172 Blindern, NO- 0318 Oslo, Norway</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">k.h.larsson@nhm.uio.no</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2021-06-01</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5838732" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191992652" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5838732" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287D1FF86FFAF060FF7CFFF779D25" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039287D1FF86FFAF060FF7CFFF779D25" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="248" pageId="13" pageNumber="246">
<subSubSection box="[805,1493,2058,2083]" pageId="13" pageNumber="246" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="13.[805,1493,2058,2115]" box="[805,1493,2058,2083]" pageId="13" pageNumber="246">
<taxonomicName authority="A.M. Ainsw. &amp; E. Larss." authorityName="A. M. Ainsw. &amp; E. Larss." authorityYear="2021" box="[805,1382,2058,2083]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bankeraceae" genus="Hydnellum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Thelephorales" pageId="13" pageNumber="246" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="nemorosum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[805,1074,2058,2083]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="246">Hydnellum nemorosum</emphasis>
A.M. Ainsw. &amp; E. Larss.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1398,1493,2058,2083]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="246">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1398,1493,2058,2083]" pageId="13" pageNumber="246" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[805,1240,2090,2115]" pageId="13" pageNumber="246" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="13.[805,1493,2058,2115]" box="[805,1240,2090,2115]" pageId="13" pageNumber="246">
MycoBank MB 837985. 
<figureCitation box="[1062,1197,2090,2115]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[56,87,1099,1122]" captionTargetBox="[57,1490,123,1076]" captionTargetId="figure-525@14.[57,1490,123,1081]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 6. A. Hydnellum nemorosum K(M)197481. B. H. nemorosum type locality. C, D. H. nemorosum holotype, K(M)197478." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5838848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5838848/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="246">Figs 6A, C, D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[1206,1236,2090,2115]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[58,89,1323,1346]" captionTargetBox="[55,1496,123,1273]" captionTargetId="figure-402@18.[55,1496,123,1278]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 9. Hydnellum basidiospores. A. H. fagiscabrosum (holotype, GB-0195805). B. H. glaucopus (GB-0195722). C. H. illudens (GB-0195937). D. H. lepidum (GB-129373). E. H. nemorosum (O-F-242352). F. H. roseoviolaceum (holotype. GB-0195936).G. H. scabrosellum (holotype, GB-0195689). H. H. scabrosum (GB-0195731). Scale bar = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5838854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5838854/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="246">9E</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5838848" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5838848" box="[56,1236,1099,1122]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5838848/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" startId="14.[56,87,1099,1122]" targetBox="[57,1490,123,1076]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph blockId="14.[56,1236,1099,1122]" box="[56,1236,1099,1122]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[56,141,1099,1122]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Fig. 6. A.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[147,372,1099,1121]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bankeraceae" genus="Hydnellum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Thelephorales" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="nemorosum">
<emphasis box="[147,372,1099,1121]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Hydnellum nemorosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
K(M)197481. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[510,530,1099,1122]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">B.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[535,678,1099,1121]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bankeraceae" genus="Hydnellum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Thelephorales" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="nemorosum">
<emphasis box="[535,678,1099,1121]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">H. nemorosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
type locality. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[812,857,1099,1122]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">C, D.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[863,1005,1099,1121]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bankeraceae" genus="Hydnellum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Thelephorales" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="nemorosum">
<emphasis box="[863,1005,1099,1121]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">H. nemorosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holotype, K(M)197478.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="247" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="14.[57,746,1194,1251]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis box="[57,171,1194,1218]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Etymology</emphasis>
: The epithet 
<taxonomicName box="[316,445,1194,1218]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bankeraceae" genus="Hydnellum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Thelephorales" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="nemorosum">
<emphasis box="[316,445,1194,1218]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">nemorosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to broadleaved trees which are thought to be the mycorrhizal partners of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="247" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="14.[57,746,1258,1443]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis box="[57,119,1258,1282]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Typus</emphasis>
: 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3434799332" collectingDate="2008-09-15" collectionCode="K" collectorName="A. M. Ainsworth" country="United Kingdom" latitude="51.41639" location="Windsor Great Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-0.611111" municipality="Berkshire" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" specimenCode="K(M)197478" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[138,170,1258,1283]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">
<collectingCountry box="[138,170,1258,1283]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">UK</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, 
<collectingMunicipality box="[190,292,1258,1283]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Berkshire</collectingMunicipality>
(VC22), 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287D1FF86FFAF060FF7CFFF779D25:8EE4601CFF85FFAE04A6FB2FFD989065" box="[396,624,1258,1283]" country="United Kingdom" latitude="51.41639" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-0.611111" municipality="Berkshire" name="Windsor Great Park" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Windsor Great Park</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287D1FF86FFAF060FF7CFFF779D25:8EE4601CFF85FFAE07AAFB2FFF989045" country="United Kingdom" latitude="51.41639" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-0.611111" municipality="Berkshire" name="Johnson's Pond" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Johnson’s Pond</location>
(SU96676951), on a moss-covered (
<emphasis box="[530,662,1290,1314]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Leucobryum</emphasis>
) sandy mound near 
<emphasis box="[198,376,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">
<taxonomicName box="[198,372,1322,1346]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativa">Castanea sativa</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
with 
<taxonomicName box="[439,601,1322,1346]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
<emphasis box="[439,601,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Pinus sylvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robur">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Quercus robur</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
further away, 
<geoCoordinate box="[281,403,1354,1379]" degrees="51.416389" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" precision="1" value="51.41639">51.416389</geoCoordinate>
/ 
<geoCoordinate box="[411,520,1354,1379]" degrees="0.611111" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" precision="1" value="-0.611111">-0.611111</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[532,681,1354,1379]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" value="2008-09-15">
<collectingDate box="[532,681,1354,1379]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" value="2008-09-15">15 Sep. 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">
<collectorName pageId="14" pageNumber="247">A.M. Ainsworth</collectorName>
</emphasis>
(
<emphasis bold="true" box="[194,305,1386,1411]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">
<typeStatus box="[194,305,1386,1411]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">holotypus</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCode box="[324,462,1386,1411]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">K(M)197478</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3434799341" collectingDate="2008-09-15" collectionCode="GB" collectorName="A. M. Ainsworth" country="United Kingdom" latitude="51.41639" location="Windsor Great Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-0.611111" municipality="Berkshire" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" specimenCode="GB-0207601" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="isotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[484,577,1386,1411]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">
<typeStatus box="[484,577,1386,1411]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">isotypus</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCode box="[596,736,1386,1411]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">GB-0207601</specimenCode>
); GenBank accession: 
<accessionNumber box="[277,409,1418,1443]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">MW187588</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="247" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="14.[57,746,1482,2115]" lastBlockId="14.[805,1494,1194,1699]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis box="[57,179,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Description</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis box="[202,337,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Basidiomata</emphasis>
terrestrial, stipitate, medium-sized and fleshy, solitary or clustered, ofen in small groups. 
<emphasis box="[682,745,1514,1538]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Pileus</emphasis>
40–100 mm broad, irregularly rounded to lobate, initially convex or umbonate, becoming more plane with age and sometimes developing a depressed centre; margin thin, undulating and remaining long incurved; cuticle initially almost smooth, matt, becoming pellicular and sometimes shiny in places, occasionally showing superficial tearing to produce a few marginal areolae and zones of poorly-developed appressed scales, and more frequently becoming deeply lacerated to produce radial fissures in the underlying paler context and a central zone of coarse block-like scales; initially pinkish or vinaceous brown, with whitish growing edge, becoming progressively darker reddish or vinaceous brown towards the centre and blackening with age. 
<emphasis box="[113,166,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Stipe</emphasis>
20–60 × 10–30 mm, cylindrical or basally tapered with a smooth or fibrillose texture and sometimes covered by rudimentary or entire spines; concolourous with the young pileus at the apex, darker below and distinctly bluish–green to black at the base with whitish mycelium binding the soil. 
<emphasis box="[676,745,2058,2082]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Spines</emphasis>
to some degree decurrent, up to 5 × 1 mm, pinkish brown with whitish tips at first, becoming progressively vinaceous and browner from the base. 
<emphasis box="[1094,1149,1226,1250]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Flesh</emphasis>
not zoned, whitish with pink tinges becoming more vinaceous when exposed to the air by tearing of pileal surface, with distinctive greyish- or bluishgreen patch within the base of the stipe, smell farinaceous but with a penetrating fruity element, taste farinaceous and bitter. 
<emphasis box="[805,1003,1386,1410]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Chemical reaction</emphasis>
: when a drop of 3 % KOH is added to dry specimens, the pileipellis becomes darker brown and the flesh becomes pale brown. 
<emphasis box="[1064,1226,1450,1474]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Hyphal system</emphasis>
monomitic, all hyphae simple septate, tramal hyphae of spines up to 6.5 µm wide. 
<emphasis box="[805,883,1514,1538]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Basidia</emphasis>
clavate, with four sterigmata. 
<emphasis box="[1254,1402,1514,1538]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Basidiospores</emphasis>
brown, subglobose or short ellipsoid, irregularly tuberculate, with oblique apiculus, (3.0‒)3.4‒5.1(‒5.3) × (2.8‒)3.0‒3.8(‒4.5) µm, av. = 4.1 × 3.4 µm, Q = 1.0‒1.6 (n = 4/100, measurements from the lateral side without tubercles), tubercles numerous, 0.2‒0.8 µm high, with rounded, flat-topped or exsculpate apices.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="248" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="14.[805,1494,1738,2115]" lastBlockId="15.[57,746,138,579]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="248" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis box="[805,1065,1738,1762]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Ecology and distribution</emphasis>
: We are of the opinion that this species is ectomycorrhizal, although we are currently unaware of any ectomycorrhizal root tip DNA evidence to confirm this.From field notes accompanying the specimens sequenced, we conclude that, although records are comparatively sparse, this species is found in mixed or broadleaved woodland and is therefore almost certainly a mycorrhizal partner of various broadleaved tree species. Hosts are likely to include 
<taxonomicName box="[1243,1416,1962,1986]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativa">
<emphasis box="[1243,1416,1962,1986]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Castanea sativa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvatica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Fagus sylvatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[959,1104,1994,2019]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis box="[959,1047,1994,2018]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Quercus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
It should be noted, however, that there were no representatives of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" box="[1180,1283,2026,2050]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
<emphasis box="[1180,1283,2026,2050]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Fagaceae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
recorded near our species in the mixed woodland present at the sampled Swedish locality (see 
<emphasis box="[953,1306,2090,2114]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Additional specimens examined</emphasis>
). Our choice of epithet for this species therefore reflects our greater degree of uncertainty regarding the range of its mycorrhizal partners compared to our state of knowledge regarding 
<taxonomicName box="[552,738,202,227]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bankeraceae" genus="Hydnellum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Thelephorales" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="fagiscabrosum">
<emphasis box="[552,569,202,226]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[580,738,202,226]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">fagiscabrosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It has been found in sandy or gravelly soils,sometimes with other stipitate hydnoids, and seemingly with a preference for raised or sloping ground or similarly nutrient poor microhabitats.The true extent of its European distribution is currently unknown due to the current paucity of known collections. It may have been misdetermined as a range of 
<taxonomicName box="[380,568,394,419]" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis box="[380,481,394,418]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">Sarcodon</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
in the past, but there are so few records to date that it could well be a genuine rarity. Thus far, we have produced molecular evidence for its presence in northern and western Europe (Denmark, Norway, Sweden and the UK), although this is currently restricted to just a single site in each country.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="248" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="15.[57,748,619,930]" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis box="[57,364,619,641]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">Additional specimens examined</emphasis>
: 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3434799317" country="Denmark" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[377,468,619,642]" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">
<collectingCountry box="[377,468,619,642]" name="Denmark" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">Denmark</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, Jylland, Silkeborg, Kobskov, on mineral soil on sloping ground near 
<taxonomicName box="[435,582,651,673]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvatica">
<emphasis box="[435,582,651,673]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">Fagus sylvatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 15 Sep. 2017, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">T. Borgen</emphasis>
DMS-9211777 (GB-0195939) (as 
<taxonomicName box="[443,529,683,706]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bankeraceae" genus="Sarcodon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Thelephorales" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="regalis">
<emphasis box="[443,454,683,705]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">S</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[464,529,683,705]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">regalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3434799339" country="Norway" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[545,623,683,706]" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">
<collectingCountry box="[545,623,683,706]" name="Norway" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">Norway</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, Aust-Agder, Grimstad, Bakken Nord, on soil in steep southwest facing 
<taxonomicName box="[658,738,715,737]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[658,738,715,737]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- dominated broadleaved woodland, 19 Sep. 2011, 
<emphasis box="[552,696,747,769]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">I.-L. Fonneland</emphasis>
O-F-242352 (as 
<taxonomicName box="[169,259,779,802]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bankeraceae" genus="Hydnellum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Thelephorales" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ioeides">
<emphasis box="[169,180,779,801]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">S</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[191,259,779,801]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">ioeides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3434799320" country="Sweden" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[277,356,779,802]" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">
<collectingCountry box="[277,356,779,802]" name="Sweden" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">Sweden</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, Dalarna, Rättvik, Rättviksheden, on soil amongst mosses in mixed forest (but no 
<taxonomicName box="[460,517,811,833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[460,517,811,833]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">Fagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName box="[552,632,811,833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[552,632,811,833]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
present), 8 Sep. 2000, 
<emphasis box="[162,277,843,865]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">D. Broström</emphasis>
GB-0195631 (as 
<taxonomicName box="[440,636,843,866]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bankeraceae" genus="Sarcodon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Thelephorales" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="fuligineoviolaceus">
<emphasis box="[440,451,843,865]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">S</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[462,636,843,865]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">fuligineoviolaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3434799313" country="United Kingdom" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[653,682,843,866]" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">
<collectingCountry box="[653,682,843,866]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">UK</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, same details as for holotype, 25 Sep. 2010, 
<emphasis box="[430,583,875,897]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">A.M. Ainsworth</emphasis>
K(M)197481 (as 
<taxonomicName box="[57,183,907,930]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bankeraceae" genus="Sarcodon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Thelephorales" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis box="[57,147,907,929]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">Sarcodon</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="248" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="15.[57,745,970,2115]" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis box="[57,120,970,994]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">Notes</emphasis>
: This species has been described and illustrated online under the name 
<taxonomicName authority="sensu Strandberg &amp; Borgen" authorityName="Strandberg &amp; Borgen" box="[245,744,1002,1027]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bankeraceae" genus="Sarcodon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Thelephorales" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="regalis">
<emphasis box="[245,501,1002,1026]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">Sarcodon regalis sensu</emphasis>
Strandberg &amp; Borgen
</taxonomicName>
in Danmarks svampeatlas (
<bibRefCitation accessDate="2020-05-08" author="Strandberg M &amp; Borgen T" box="[395,738,1034,1059]" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" publicationUrl="https://svampe.databasen.org/" refId="ref16886" refString="Strandberg M, Borgen T (2020). Records of Sarcodon regalis sensu Strandberg &amp; Borgen in Danmarks svampeatlas (Atlas of Danish fungi). https: // svampe. databasen. org / accessed 08 May 2020." title="Records of Sarcodon regalis sensu Strandberg &amp; Borgen in Danmarks svampeatlas (Atlas of Danish fungi)" type="url" year="2020">Strandberg &amp; Borgen 2020</bibRefCitation>
) wherein it was documented repeatedly at a single Danish location between 2002 and 2019. It has also been recognized as “ 
<taxonomicName box="[106,286,1130,1155]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bankeraceae" genus="Sarcodon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Thelephorales" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="undefined-2">
<emphasis box="[106,210,1130,1154]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">Sarcodon</emphasis>
sp. 2
</taxonomicName>
” in an unofficial species conservation assessment (Data Deficient) in the UK (
<bibRefCitation author="Smith JH &amp; Suz LM &amp; Ainsworth AM" box="[522,735,1162,1187]" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" publicationUrl="http://fungi.myspecies.info/content/conservation" refId="ref16798" refString="Smith JH, Suz LM, Ainsworth AM (2016). Red List of Fungi for Great Britain: Bankeraceae, Cantharellaceae, Geastraceae, Hericiaceae and selected genera of Agaricaceae (Battarrea, Bovista, Lycoperdon &amp; Tulostoma) and Fomitopsidaceae (Piptoporus). http: // fungi. myspecies. info / content / conservation." title="Red List of Fungi for Great Britain: Bankeraceae, Cantharellaceae, Geastraceae, Hericiaceae and selected genera of Agaricaceae (Battarrea, Bovista, Lycoperdon &amp; Tulostoma) and Fomitopsidaceae (Piptoporus)" type="url" year="2016">
Smith 
<emphasis box="[601,654,1162,1186]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
). Two other names (see above) have been misapplied to this species in Norway and Sweden and both are likely to have arisen due to the dominant dark purplish brown pigmentation of its mature basidiomata. We do not know if this species occurs in southern Europe but, if it is present in any historical collections, there is at least one further name that should be included in the search, namely 
<taxonomicName box="[574,686,1386,1411]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bankeraceae" genus="Sarcodon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Thelephorales" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="cyrneus">
<emphasis box="[574,586,1386,1410]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">S</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[600,686,1386,1410]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">cyrneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This is another broadleaved tree associate which was described from two Corsican collections (
<bibRefCitation author="Maas Geesteranus RA" box="[410,703,1450,1475]" journalOrPublisher="Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeling Natuurkunde Tweede Reeks" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 127" part="65" refId="ref16137" refString="Maas Geesteranus RA (1975 a). Die terrestrischen Stachelpilze Europas [The terrestrial hydnums of Europe]. Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeling Natuurkunde Tweede Reeks 65: 1 - 127." title="Die terrestrischen Stachelpilze Europas [The terrestrial hydnums of Europe]" type="journal article" year="1975">Maas Geesteranus 1975a</bibRefCitation>
, b). Its protologue refers to its pinkish and purplish brown colours and poorly defined pileal scales, morphological characters which are reminiscent of 
<taxonomicName box="[356,524,1546,1571]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bankeraceae" genus="Hydnellum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Thelephorales" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="nemorosum">
<emphasis box="[356,373,1546,1570]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[391,524,1546,1570]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">nemorosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but, critically, the two species differ in the pigmentation at the base of the stipe. Indeed, 
<bibRefCitation author="Maas Geesteranus RA" box="[148,448,1610,1635]" journalOrPublisher="Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeling Natuurkunde Tweede Reeks" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 127" part="65" refId="ref16137" refString="Maas Geesteranus RA (1975 a). Die terrestrischen Stachelpilze Europas [The terrestrial hydnums of Europe]. Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeling Natuurkunde Tweede Reeks 65: 1 - 127." title="Die terrestrischen Stachelpilze Europas [The terrestrial hydnums of Europe]" type="journal article" year="1975">Maas Geesteranus (1975a)</bibRefCitation>
keys his species in section 
<emphasis box="[57,190,1642,1666]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">Squamiceps</emphasis>
rather than section 
<taxonomicName box="[423,516,1642,1666]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bankeraceae" genus="Hydnellum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Thelephorales" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="section" section="Scabrosi">
<emphasis box="[423,516,1642,1666]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">Scabrosi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on its lack of bluish or greenish colours in the stipe base. Furthermore, the illustration of the dried holotype in 
<bibRefCitation author="Maas Geesteranus RA" journalOrPublisher="Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeling Natuurkunde Tweede Reeks" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 127" part="65" refId="ref16137" refString="Maas Geesteranus RA (1975 a). Die terrestrischen Stachelpilze Europas [The terrestrial hydnums of Europe]. Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeling Natuurkunde Tweede Reeks 65: 1 - 127." title="Die terrestrischen Stachelpilze Europas [The terrestrial hydnums of Europe]" type="journal article" year="1975">Maas Geesteranus (1975a)</bibRefCitation>
seems too pale to be 
<taxonomicName box="[421,590,1738,1763]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bankeraceae" genus="Hydnellum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Thelephorales" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="nemorosum">
<emphasis box="[421,438,1738,1762]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[457,590,1738,1762]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">nemorosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and there is also a difference in spore length. Bearing in mind that Maas Geesteranus’ (1971) spore measurements of 
<taxonomicName box="[574,694,1802,1826]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bankeraceae" genus="Hydnellum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Thelephorales" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[574,694,1802,1826]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">Hydnellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[57,161,1834,1858]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bankeraceae" genus="Sarcodon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Thelephorales" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[57,161,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">Sarcodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
always included the ornamentation, he stated that the length of “probably not mature” spores of 
<taxonomicName box="[627,745,1866,1891]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bankeraceae" genus="Sarcodon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Thelephorales" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="cyrneus">
<emphasis box="[627,639,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">S</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[659,745,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">cyrneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ranges from (5.8‒)6.3‒7.3 µm whereas the corresponding values obtained for our specimens of 
<taxonomicName box="[477,640,1930,1955]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bankeraceae" genus="Hydnellum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Thelephorales" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="nemorosum">
<emphasis box="[477,494,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[507,640,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">nemorosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(n = 100) are 4.5‒5.8(‒6.0) µm. It would have been very interesting to include authentic 
<taxonomicName box="[255,364,1994,2019]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bankeraceae" genus="Sarcodon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Thelephorales" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="cyrneus">
<emphasis box="[255,267,1994,2018]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">S</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[278,364,1994,2018]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">cyrneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in our analyses but, unfortunately, our attempts to generate a sequence from type material were unsuccessful (see Discussion for further remarks on 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Bankeraceae" genus="Sarcodon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Thelephorales" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="cyrneus">
<emphasis box="[726,738,2058,2082]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">S</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[57,143,2090,2114]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">cyrneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>