660 lines
102 KiB
XML
660 lines
102 KiB
XML
<document id="C0ED0BB3175578A09F995483B9F992A6" ID-CLB-Dataset="21129" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2015.1021874" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4b5110af-4195-46cb-bc6a-30668c21c25c" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4000019" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1598369692820" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Neubert, Eike & Korábek, Ondřej" docDate="2015" docId="0392879DB1705F21C9BCF5C39619FDEF" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.49.37-38.2257-2263.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 49 (37)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:210803DF447D5DCB84349979EDD3507F.6:JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="210803DF447D5DCB84349979EDD3507F" docStyleName="JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Helix nucula Mousson 1854" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="2262" masterDocId="FFABFFE5B1715F24C871F4749508FFDF" masterDocTitle="Comment on Psonis et al. (2015): ‘ Evaluation of the taxonomy of Helix cincta (Muller, 1774) and Helix nucula (Mousson, 1854); insights using mitochondrial DNA sequence data’" masterLastPageNumber="2263" masterPageNumber="2257" pageNumber="2258" updateTime="1698845386530" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="D466B84DC203E79D88BAF0CF5F6DB549">Comment on Psonis et al. (2015): ‘ Evaluation of the taxonomy of Helix cincta (Muller, 1774) and Helix nucula (Mousson, 1854); insights using mitochondrial DNA sequence data’</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5AACE7F6AC2ACB3CF5627231E520DF81">Neubert, Eike</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="967213AEC8202E82C20A79DC7C7846D6">Department of Invertebrates, Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern, Bern, Switzerland;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6313AA93A1A2D5F70D2730A60DED4D7F">Korábek, Ondřej</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B7599EC8366C8D9A1EB05CABEA2F202D">Department of Ecology, Charles University in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="AFF791865C63F49D905D60736BD4C845">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7E1D39C06C5AB73717D646C747B818F9">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7057C7263C34EBBDA825608476DE89BA">49</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0392879DB1705F21C9BCF5C39619FDEF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4323866" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167308014" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4323866" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0392879DB1705F21C9BCF5C39619FDEF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392879DB1705F21C9BCF5C39619FDEF" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="2262" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">
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<subSubSection id="C3216500B1705F25C9BCF5C3961AFE10" box="[461,786,439,463]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B84368BB1705F25C9BCF5C3961AFE10" blockId="1.[461,786,439,495]" box="[461,786,439,463]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">
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<heading id="D0CC81E7B1705F25C9BCF5C3961AFE10" box="[461,786,439,463]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1705F25C9BCF5C3961AFE10" ID-CoL="6LLXK" authority="Mousson, 1854" authorityName="Mousson" authorityYear="1854" box="[461,786,439,463]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nucula">
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<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1705F25C9BCF5C39754FE10" bold="true" box="[461,604,439,463]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">Helix nucula</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1705F25CA14F5CC961AFE10" author="Mousson A" box="[613,786,439,463]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" pagination="362 - 402" refId="ref3343" refString="Mousson A. 1854. Coquilles terrestres et fluviatiles, recueillies par M. Le Prof. Bellardi dans un voyage en Orient. Mitt naturf Ges Zurich. 3: 362 - 402." type="journal article" year="1854">Mousson, 1854</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3216500B1705F25CA5CF5A397BBFE30" box="[557,691,471,495]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B84368BB1705F25CA5CF5A397BBFE30" blockId="1.[461,786,439,495]" box="[557,691,471,495]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13002A0EB1705F25CA44F5A397A2FE30" box="[565,682,471,495]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[144,211,1131,1153]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,168,1099]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[144,1104,168,1099]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. (A) Helix nucula Mousson, 1854, syntype ZMZ 506381a, shell diameter 28.8 mm. (B) Helix melanostoma Draparnaud, 1801, syntype of Helix uthicensis Pechaud, 1883, ruins of Uthica, Tunisia, MHNG 18185, shell diameter 36.2 mm. (C), Helix cincta Müller, 1774, syntype of Helix (Pomatia) cincta var. anatolica Kobelt, 1891, ‘Hieronda’ (southwest Turkey), SMF 9949, shell diameter 34.9 mm. (D) Helix pronuba Westerlund & Blanc, 1879, syntype of Helix thiesseana var. pronuba Westerlund & Blanc, 1879, GNM 1723, shell diameter 26.3 mm. (E) Helix borealis Mousson, 1859, possible syntype ZMZ 506307, Grecce, Argostoli, shell diameter 34.65 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4000021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4000021/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">Figure 1A</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3216500B1705F25C8E1F663975CFDB1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B84368BB1705F25C8E1F663975CFDB1" blockId="1.[144,1104,535,623]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1705F25C8E1F6639786FDF0" ID-CoL="6LLXK" authority="Mousson, 1854" authorityName="Mousson" authorityYear="1854" box="[144,654,535,559]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="figulina" variety="nucula">
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<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1705F25C8E1F663943AFDF0" box="[144,306,535,559]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">Helix figulina</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1705F25C9F1F66394C0FDF0" box="[384,456,535,559]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">nucula</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1705F25C9A8F66C9786FDF0" author="Mousson A" box="[473,654,535,559]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" pagination="362 - 402" refId="ref3343" refString="Mousson A. 1854. Coquilles terrestres et fluviatiles, recueillies par M. Le Prof. Bellardi dans un voyage en Orient. Mitt naturf Ges Zurich. 3: 362 - 402." type="journal article" year="1854">Mousson, 1854</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Mittheilungen der naturforschenden Gesellschaft in
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<collectingRegion id="49FFF869B1705F25C918F64394BFFD90" box="[361,439,567,591]" country="Switzerland" name="Zuerich" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">Zürich</collectingRegion>
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, 3 (8): 367, 372–373 [
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<collectingRegion id="49FFF869B1705F25CAB6F6439617FD90" box="[711,799,567,591]" country="Turkey" name="Izmir" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">Smyrna</collectingRegion>
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(Bellardi); =
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<collectingRegion id="49FFF869B1705F25CBBAF6439101FD90" box="[971,1033,567,591]" country="Turkey" name="Izmir" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">Izmir</collectingRegion>
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] [non
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1705F25C8C1F623974EFDB0" ID-CoL="6LLXK" authority="sensu L. Pfeiffer, 1859" authorityName="sensu L. Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1859" box="[176,582,599,623]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nucula">
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<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1705F25C8C1F6239437FDB0" box="[176,319,599,623]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">Helix nucula</emphasis>
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sensu L.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1705F25C9DFF623974EFDB0" author="Pfeiffer L" box="[430,582,599,623]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" refId="ref3589" refString="Pfeiffer L. 1859. Monographia heliceorum viventium. Sistens descriptiones systematicas et criticas omnium huius familiae generum et specierum hodie cognitarum. Volumen quartum. Leipzig: Brockhaus; 920 pp." type="book" year="1859">Pfeiffer, 1859</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3216500B1705F20C8E1F6E39474FBC2" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="2261" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B84368BB1705F25C8E1F6E39608FD71" blockId="1.[144,768,662,687]" box="[144,768,662,687]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">
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Type specimens:
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<typeStatus id="54808829B1705F25C923F6E394BAFD70" box="[338,434,663,687]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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ZMZ 506381, ZMZ 506394.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B84368BB1705F25C8E1F6A2911DFCB1" blockId="1.[144,1104,726,1356]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">
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This name was introduced by Mousson for a white-lipped species from
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<collectingCountry id="F32C761BB1705F25CBB3F6A2911FFD31" box="[962,1047,726,750]" name="Turkey" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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. The species is also known from a number of Aegean Islands, particularly from the Dodekanissos, and is widespread along the southern coast of
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<collectingCountry id="F32C761BB1705F25CB1EF76296CBFCF1" box="[879,963,790,814]" name="Turkey" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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, where it is usually recorded under the name of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1705F25CA53F7439791FC91" authorityName="Rossmassler" authorityYear="1839" box="[546,665,822,846]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="figulina">
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<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1705F25CA53F7439791FC91" box="[546,665,822,846]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">H. figulina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. This taxon was originally described in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1705F25C975F722944AFCB1" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[260,322,854,878]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1705F25C975F722944AFCB1" box="[260,322,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">Helix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and thus the taxon authority should be cited without brackets.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B84368BB1705F25C8C9F702940CFB33" blockId="1.[144,1104,726,1356]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">
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In 1859, Louis Pfeiffer used the same name,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1705F25CAE2F70297F3FC52" authorityName="sensu L. Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1859" box="[659,763,885,909]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nucula">
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<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1705F25CAE2F70297F3FC52" box="[659,763,885,909]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">H. nucula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, for a
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1705F25CB31F7019674FC52" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[832,892,885,909]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1705F25CB31F7019674FC52" box="[832,892,885,909]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">Helix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species from
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<collectingCountry id="F32C761BB1705F25CC7FF7029147FC51" box="[1038,1103,886,910]" name="Egypt" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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that he had received under this name from Ludwig Parreyss, an Austrian shell dealer, as shown by the wording ‘Parreyss in sched.’ in his text. Pfeiffer was aware of Mousson’ s
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1705F25C8E1F7A195DEFC32" authorityName="sensu L. Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1859" box="[144,214,981,1005]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nucula">
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<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1705F25C8E1F7A195DEFC32" box="[144,214,981,1005]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">nucula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from 1854 as he listed it in his synonymy, but regarded Parreyss (the ‘name supplier’) as the author of the name. As in many cases, Pfeiffer ‘re-described’ the species, which until today has been mistaken by subsequent researchers as the valid description for
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1705F25C8E1F0419413FB92" authorityName="sensu L. Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1859" box="[144,283,1077,1101]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nucula">
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<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1705F25C8E1F0419413FB92" box="[144,283,1077,1101]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">Helix nucula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and thus contributed to the present chaos. Unfortunately, the specimens from
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<collectingCountry id="F32C761BB1705F25C8BAF0229405FBB1" box="[203,269,1110,1134]" name="Egypt" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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were dark-lipped, as can be seen from Pfeiffer’ s text: ‘perist. fuscum, marginibus callo nigro-castaneo intrante junctis’, and thus represent a species different from
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1705F25C8E1F0E194ACFB73" authority="Mousson, 1854" authorityName="Mousson" authorityYear="1854" box="[144,420,1172,1196]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nucula">
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<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1705F25C8E1F0E195F0FB73" box="[144,248,1172,1196]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">H. nucula</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1705F25C88EF0E194ACFB73" author="Mousson A" box="[255,420,1172,1196]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" pagination="362 - 402" refId="ref3343" refString="Mousson A. 1854. Coquilles terrestres et fluviatiles, recueillies par M. Le Prof. Bellardi dans un voyage en Orient. Mitt naturf Ges Zurich. 3: 362 - 402." type="journal article" year="1854">Mousson, 1854</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. So far, no original specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1705F25CB7EF0E19158FB73" authority="sensu Pfeiffer, 1859" authorityName="sensu L. Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1859" box="[783,1104,1172,1196]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nucula">
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<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1705F25CB7EF0E1967FFB73" box="[783,887,1172,1196]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">H. nucula</emphasis>
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sensu
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1705F25CBCEF0E09158FB73" author="Pfeiffer L" box="[959,1104,1172,1196]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" refId="ref3589" refString="Pfeiffer L. 1859. Monographia heliceorum viventium. Sistens descriptiones systematicas et criticas omnium huius familiae generum et specierum hodie cognitarum. Volumen quartum. Leipzig: Brockhaus; 920 pp." type="book" year="1859">Pfeiffer, 1859</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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could be traced in the major European museums which are known to hold Pfeiffer specimens.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B84368BB1705F25C8C9F0819751FA93" blockId="1.[144,1104,726,1356]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">
|
||
It should be stressed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1705F25C991F080965EFAD3" authority="sensu Pfeiffer, 1859" authorityName="sensu L. Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1859" box="[480,854,1268,1292]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nucula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1705F25C991F0809767FAD3" box="[480,623,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">Helix nucula</emphasis>
|
||
sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1705F25CACFF080965EFAD3" author="Pfeiffer L" box="[702,854,1268,1292]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" refId="ref3589" refString="Pfeiffer L. 1859. Monographia heliceorum viventium. Sistens descriptiones systematicas et criticas omnium huius familiae generum et specierum hodie cognitarum. Volumen quartum. Leipzig: Brockhaus; 920 pp." type="book" year="1859">Pfeiffer, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been widely used since its ‘re-description’ (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1705F25C99AF1609773FAF3" author="Kobelt W" box="[491,635,1300,1324]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" pagination="137 - 152" refId="ref3180" refString="Kobelt W. 1904. Die Familie der Heliceen, sechste Abtheilung. Systematisches Conchylien- Cabinet. 12: 137 - 152, Taf. 329 - 334; 153 - 176, Taf. 335 - 340; 177 - 200, Taf. 341 - 346." type="journal article" year="1904">Kobelt 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1705F25CAFEF160965BFAF3" author="Kaltenbach H" box="[655,851,1300,1324]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" pagination="55 - 66" refId="ref3009" refString="Kaltenbach H. 1950. Ergebnisse zoologisch-geologischer Sammelreisen in NO-Afrika, 2: helix nucula, Helix aspersa und Eobania vermiculata. Arch Moll. 79 (1 / 3): 55 - 66. pl. 10" type="journal article" year="1950">Kaltenbach 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1705F25CB16F16096EBFAF3" author="Zilch A" box="[871,995,1300,1324]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" pagination="135 - 173" refId="ref3764" refString="Zilch A. 1952. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Senckenberg, 8: Mollusca, Helicinae (2). Arch Moll. 81: 135 - 173." type="journal article" year="1952">Zilch 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) without recognising the nomenclatural situation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B84368BB1705F25C8E1F1E894D1FA6B" blockId="1.[144,1104,1436,1692]" box="[144,473,1436,1460]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">
|
||
<heading id="D0CC81E7B1705F25C8E1F1E894D1FA6B" box="[144,473,1436,1460]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1705F25C8E1F1E894D1FA6B" bold="true" box="[144,473,1436,1460]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">Which species were analysed?</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B84368BB1705F25C8E1F1B09486F944" blockId="1.[144,1104,1436,1692]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">
|
||
In the tree of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1705F25C942F1B09719FA03" author="Psonis N & Vardinoyannis K & Mylonas M & Poulakakis N" box="[307,529,1476,1500]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" pagination="383 - 392" refId="ref3622" refString="Psonis N, Vardinoyannis K, Mylonas M, Poulakakis N. 2015. Evaluation of the taxonomy of Helix cincta (Muller, 1774) and Helix nucula (Mousson, 1854); insights using mitochondrial DNA sequence data. J Nat Hist. 49: 383 - 392." type="journal article" year="2015">Psonis et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the name ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1705F25CAEAF1B0960CFA04" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[667,772,1476,1499]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1705F25CAEAF1B0960CFA04" box="[667,772,1476,1499]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">H. cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ appears in three genetically distinct clusters, a fact that shows the authors follow another concept of this also black-lipped species. Thus, a clarification of the question – Which species has been investigated? – is urgently needed. Without having seen the specimens investigated, we only can use our own knowledge on the whole genus, which among others is based on the investigation of almost all
|
||
<typeStatus id="54808829B1705F25CA78F2109731F9A3" box="[521,569,1636,1660]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens available for names published in the group (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1705F25C893F2F79476F944" author="Neubert E" box="[226,382,1667,1691]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2258" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref3463" refString="Neubert E. 2014. Revision of Helix Linnaeus, 1758 in its eastern Mediterranean distribution area, and reassignment of Helix godetiana Kobelt, 1878 to Maltzanella Hesse, 1917. Contributions to Natural History. 26: 1 - 200." type="journal article" year="2014">Neubert 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B84368BB1735F26C88FF4DD946BFDA0" blockId="2.[212,1172,168,1659]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">
|
||
We here follow the sequence of the black-lipped group from left to right (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1735F26C8AAF4BC94BAFF3F" author="Psonis N & Vardinoyannis K & Mylonas M & Poulakakis N" box="[219,434,200,224]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" pagination="383 - 392" refId="ref3622" refString="Psonis N, Vardinoyannis K, Mylonas M, Poulakakis N. 2015. Evaluation of the taxonomy of Helix cincta (Muller, 1774) and Helix nucula (Mousson, 1854); insights using mitochondrial DNA sequence data. J Nat Hist. 49: 383 - 392." type="journal article" year="2015">Psonis et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 2). The first problem arises by application of the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26C8A5F49D946DFEDF" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[212,357,232,256]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26C8A5F49D95E2FEDF" box="[212,234,233,256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">H</emphasis>
|
||
. cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26C953F49D946DFEDF" box="[290,357,233,256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the black-lipped species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C761BB1735F26CA8CF49C965FFEDF" box="[765,855,232,256]" name="Tunisia" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. No
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26CBE5F49C96DCFEDF" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[916,980,232,256]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26CBE5F49C96DCFEDF" box="[916,980,232,256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">Helix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens from Northern Africa have ever been placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26CA9CF57D9655FEFF" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[749,861,265,288]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26CA9CF57D9655FEFF" box="[749,861,265,288]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">H. cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In their revision of the Tunisian continental malacofauna,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1735F26CA0CF55C9126FE9F" author="Letourneux A & Bourguignat J-R" box="[637,1070,296,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" refId="ref3268" refString="Letourneux A, Bourguignat J-R. 1887. Prodrome de la malacologie terrestre et fluviatile de la Tunisie. Paris: Imprimerie nationale; 166 pp." type="book" year="1887">Letourneux and Bourguignat (1887)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not mention
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26C932F53C97C3FEBF" authority="O. F. Muller, 1774" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[323,715,328,352]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26C932F53C94DFFE80" box="[323,471,328,352]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">Helix cincta</emphasis>
|
||
O.F.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1735F26CA5FF53C97C3FEBF" author="Muller OF" box="[558,715,328,352]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" refId="ref3417" refString="Muller OF. 1774. Vermium terrestrium et fluviatilium, sue animalium infusorum, helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Havniae [Copenhagen] et Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Heineck & Faber; 214 + XXXV + 10 pp." type="book" year="1774">Müller, 1774</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, they list
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26CBA0F53C919CFEBF" authorityName="Draparnaud" authorityYear="1801" box="[977,1172,328,352]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="melanostoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26CBA0F53C919CFEBF" box="[977,1172,328,352]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">H. melanostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(together with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26C9F5F51C94FFFEA0" authorityName="sensu L. Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1859" box="[388,503,359,383]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nucula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26C9F5F51C94FFFEA0" box="[388,503,359,383]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">H. nucula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other taxa) as very abundant from the area.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26CC25F5139460FE40" authorityName="Draparnaud" authorityYear="1801" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="melanostoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26CC25F5139460FE40" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">Helix melanostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a well-known species, and has been depicted in several identification guides (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1735F26C917F5D3974AFE60" author="Kerney MP & Cameron RA & Jungbluth JH" box="[358,578,423,447]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" refId="ref3048" refString="Kerney MP, Cameron RA, Jungbluth JH. 1983. Die Landschnecken Nord- und Mitteleuropas: Ein Bestimmungsbuch fur Biologen und Naturfreunde. Berlin: Verlag Paul Parey." type="book" year="1983">Kerney et al. 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1735F26CA25F5D3968EFE60" author="Fechter R & Falkner G" box="[596,902,423,447]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" refId="ref2938" refString="Fechter R, Falkner G. 1990. Weichtiere: europaische Meeres- und Binnenmollusken. Munchen: Mosaik Verlag; 286 pp." type="book" year="1990">Fechter and Falkner 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1735F26CBE9F5D39184FE60" author="Welter-Schultes F" box="[920,1164,423,447]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" refId="ref3707" refString="Welter-Schultes F. 2012. European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification. Gottingen: Planet Poster Editions; 674 pp." type="book" year="2012">Welter-Schultes 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1735F26C8A5F5B39479FE00" author="Neubert E" box="[212,369,455,479]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref3463" refString="Neubert E. 2014. Revision of Helix Linnaeus, 1758 in its eastern Mediterranean distribution area, and reassignment of Helix godetiana Kobelt, 1878 to Maltzanella Hesse, 1917. Contributions to Natural History. 26: 1 - 200." type="journal article" year="2014">Neubert 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26CA49F5BC97A9FE00" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[568,673,456,479]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26CA49F5BC97A9FE00" box="[568,673,456,479]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">H. cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
markedly, by both shell shape and colour. Our own unpublished data show the sequences of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1735F26CB37F593913BFE20" author="Psonis N & Vardinoyannis K & Mylonas M & Poulakakis N" box="[838,1075,487,511]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" pagination="383 - 392" refId="ref3622" refString="Psonis N, Vardinoyannis K, Mylonas M, Poulakakis N. 2015. Evaluation of the taxonomy of Helix cincta (Muller, 1774) and Helix nucula (Mousson, 1854); insights using mitochondrial DNA sequence data. J Nat Hist. 49: 383 - 392." type="journal article" year="2015">Psonis et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to nest among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26C92CF67C9713FDC0" authorityName="Draparnaud" authorityYear="1801" box="[349,539,519,543]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="melanostoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26C92CF67C9713FDC0" box="[349,539,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">H. melanostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C761BB1735F26CA8CF673965EFDC0" box="[765,854,519,543]" name="Tunisia" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, thus fully confirming our expectations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1735F26C909F6539778FDE0" author="Korabek O & Petrusek A & Neubert E & Jurickova L" box="[376,624,551,575]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" refId="ref3229" refString="Korabek O, Petrusek A, Neubert E, Jurickova L. 2015. Molecular phylogeny of the genus Helix (Pulmonata: Helicidae). Zoologica Scripta. 18 pp. doi: 10.1111 / zsc. 12101" type="book" year="2015">Korabek et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We here figure the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54808829B1735F26CBF5F65396D3FDE0" box="[900,987,551,575]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of a synonym name of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26C990F63396D8FD80" authority="Draparnaud, 1801" authorityName="Draparnaud" authorityYear="1801" box="[481,976,583,607]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="melanostoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26C990F63397C7FD80" box="[481,719,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">Helix melanostoma</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1735F26CA9BF63396D8FD80" author="Draparnaud J" box="[746,976,583,607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" refId="ref2912" refString="Draparnaud J. 1801. Tableau des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. Paris: Bossange, Masson et Besson; 116 pp." type="book" year="1801">Draparnaud, 1801</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C761BB1735F26CC4FF633919CFD80" box="[1086,1172,583,607]" name="Tunisia" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13002A0EB1735F26C8ACF613945AFDA0" box="[221,338,615,639]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[144,211,1131,1153]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,168,1099]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[144,1104,168,1099]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. (A) Helix nucula Mousson, 1854, syntype ZMZ 506381a, shell diameter 28.8 mm. (B) Helix melanostoma Draparnaud, 1801, syntype of Helix uthicensis Pechaud, 1883, ruins of Uthica, Tunisia, MHNG 18185, shell diameter 36.2 mm. (C), Helix cincta Müller, 1774, syntype of Helix (Pomatia) cincta var. anatolica Kobelt, 1891, ‘Hieronda’ (southwest Turkey), SMF 9949, shell diameter 34.9 mm. (D) Helix pronuba Westerlund & Blanc, 1879, syntype of Helix thiesseana var. pronuba Westerlund & Blanc, 1879, GNM 1723, shell diameter 26.3 mm. (E) Helix borealis Mousson, 1859, possible syntype ZMZ 506307, Grecce, Argostoli, shell diameter 34.65 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4000021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4000021/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">Figure 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B84368BB1735F26C88FF6F2978AFBE2" blockId="2.[212,1172,168,1659]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">
|
||
The next problem is the presence of two widely separate ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26CBDDF6F396E6FD41" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[940,1006,647,670]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26CBDDF6F396E6FD41" box="[940,1006,647,670]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ clades in the tree.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1735F26C97FF6D294E2FD61" author="Psonis N & Vardinoyannis K & Mylonas M & Poulakakis N" box="[270,490,678,702]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" pagination="383 - 392" refId="ref3622" refString="Psonis N, Vardinoyannis K, Mylonas M, Poulakakis N. 2015. Evaluation of the taxonomy of Helix cincta (Muller, 1774) and Helix nucula (Mousson, 1854); insights using mitochondrial DNA sequence data. J Nat Hist. 49: 383 - 392." type="journal article" year="2015">Psonis et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have suggested
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26CAD6F6D39114FD61" authority="Kobelt, 1891" authorityName="Kobelt" authorityYear="1891" box="[679,1052,678,702]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="cincta" subSpecies="anatolica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26CAD6F6D39676FD61" box="[679,894,678,702]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">H. cincta anatolica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1735F26CBF9F6D29114FD61" author="Kobelt W" box="[904,1052,678,702]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" pagination="41 - 80" refId="ref3136" refString="Kobelt W. 1891. Iconographie der Land- & Susswasser-Mollusken mit vorzuglicher Berucksichtigung der europaischen noch nicht abgebildeten Arten. 5: 1 - 40, Taf. 121 - 130; 5: 41 - 80, Taf. 131 - 140." type="journal article" year="1891">Kobelt, 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in green) to be ‘raised to species level’. This claim is flawed because of a misunderstanding of the taxonomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26C9D1F6939702FD21" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[416,522,743,766]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26C9D1F6939702FD21" box="[416,522,743,766]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">H. cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Within this species, three subspecies used to be recognised (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1735F26C959F77294C7FCC1" author="Knipper H" box="[296,463,774,798]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" pagination="327 - 517" refId="ref3078" refString="Knipper H. 1939. Systematische, anatomische, okologische und tiergeographische Studien an sudosteuropaischen Heliciden. (Moll. Pulm.). Arch Naturg., N. F .. 8: 327 - 517." type="journal article" year="1939">Knipper 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Zilch 1960) found in (1) northern Adriatic coastlands (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26C8ADF753975EFCE1" authority="cincta Muller, 1774" authorityName="cincta Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[220,598,806,830]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="cincta" subSpecies="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26C8ADF75394ADFCE1" box="[220,421,807,830]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">H. cincta cincta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1735F26C9C8F752975EFCE1" author="Muller OF" box="[441,598,806,830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" refId="ref3417" refString="Muller OF. 1774. Vermium terrestrium et fluviatilium, sue animalium infusorum, helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Havniae [Copenhagen] et Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Heineck & Faber; 214 + XXXV + 10 pp." type="book" year="1774">Müller, 1774</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); (2) in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C761BB1735F26CAA6F752962DFCE1" box="[727,805,806,830]" name="Greece" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFF869B1735F26CBDEF752910CFCE1" box="[943,1028,806,830]" country="Greece" name="Voreio Aigaio" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">Aegean</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26CC50F753943AFC81" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="cincta" subSpecies="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26CC50F753943AFC81" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">H. cincta ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26C92DF73397E8FC81" authority="Mousson 1859" authorityName="Mousson" authorityYear="1859" box="[348,736,838,862]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="cincta" subSpecies="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26C92DF7339722FC81" box="[348,554,838,862]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">H. cincta borealis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1735F26CA47F73297E8FC81" author="Mousson A" box="[566,736,838,862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" pagination="253 - 297" refId="ref3378" refString="Mousson A. 1859. Coquilles terrestres et fluviatiles, recueillies dans l' Orient par M. le Dr. Alex. Schlafli. Viertelj naturf Ges Zurich. 4: 12 - 36, 253 - 297." type="journal article" year="1859">Mousson 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); (3) in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C761BB1735F26CB38F7329692FC81" box="[841,922,838,862]" name="Turkey" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26CBC1F7339184FC81" authorityName="Kobelt" authorityYear="1891" box="[944,1164,838,862]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="cincta" subSpecies="anatolica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26CBC1F7339184FC81" box="[944,1164,838,862]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">H. cincta anatolica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13002A0EB1735F26C8A5F7129446FCA1" box="[212,334,870,894]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[144,211,1131,1153]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,168,1099]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[144,1104,168,1099]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. (A) Helix nucula Mousson, 1854, syntype ZMZ 506381a, shell diameter 28.8 mm. (B) Helix melanostoma Draparnaud, 1801, syntype of Helix uthicensis Pechaud, 1883, ruins of Uthica, Tunisia, MHNG 18185, shell diameter 36.2 mm. (C), Helix cincta Müller, 1774, syntype of Helix (Pomatia) cincta var. anatolica Kobelt, 1891, ‘Hieronda’ (southwest Turkey), SMF 9949, shell diameter 34.9 mm. (D) Helix pronuba Westerlund & Blanc, 1879, syntype of Helix thiesseana var. pronuba Westerlund & Blanc, 1879, GNM 1723, shell diameter 26.3 mm. (E) Helix borealis Mousson, 1859, possible syntype ZMZ 506307, Grecce, Argostoli, shell diameter 34.65 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4000021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4000021/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">Figure 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Out of these, Psonis et al. have sampled the last two, while the nominotypical subspecies is not included in their dataset. Therefore, their data cannot provide any support for the separation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26CB2EF7D29141FC62" authorityName="Kobelt" authorityYear="1891" box="[863,1097,933,957]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="cincta" subSpecies="anatolica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26CB2EF7D29141FC62" box="[863,1097,933,957]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">H. cincta anatolica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26C8A5F7B29485FC02" authority="cincta" authorityName="cincta Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[212,397,966,989]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="cincta" subSpecies="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26C8A5F7B29485FC02" box="[212,397,966,989]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">H. cincta cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Based on anatomical, shell morphological and genetic investigations of Italian as well as Turkish specimens, we consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26CBFDF791974FFBC2" authority="Kobelt, 1891 a" authorityName="Kobelt" authorityYear="1891" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="cincta" subGenus="Pomatia" variety="anatolica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26CBFDF79196C2FC22" box="[908,970,997,1021]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">Helix</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26CBAEF7929135FC22" box="[991,1085,998,1021]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">Pomatia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26CC23F792919CFC22" box="[1106,1172,998,1021]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">cincta</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26C963F071947FFBC2" box="[274,375,1029,1053]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">anatolica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1735F26C9FBF071972FFBC2" author="Kobelt W" box="[394,551,1029,1053]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" pagination="41 - 80" refId="ref3136" refString="Kobelt W. 1891. Iconographie der Land- & Susswasser-Mollusken mit vorzuglicher Berucksichtigung der europaischen noch nicht abgebildeten Arten. 5: 1 - 40, Taf. 121 - 130; 5: 41 - 80, Taf. 131 - 140." type="journal article" year="1891">Kobelt, 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
a
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26CB23F071919BFBC2" authority="Muller, 1774" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[850,1171,1029,1053]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26CB23F07196EDFBC2" box="[850,997,1029,1053]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">Helix cincta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1735F26CB89F071919BFBC2" author="Muller OF" box="[1016,1171,1029,1053]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" refId="ref3417" refString="Muller OF. 1774. Vermium terrestrium et fluviatilium, sue animalium infusorum, helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Havniae [Copenhagen] et Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Heineck & Faber; 214 + XXXV + 10 pp." type="book" year="1774">Müller, 1774</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1735F26C8AAF0519470FBE2" author="Neubert E" box="[219,376,1061,1085]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref3463" refString="Neubert E. 2014. Revision of Helix Linnaeus, 1758 in its eastern Mediterranean distribution area, and reassignment of Helix godetiana Kobelt, 1878 to Maltzanella Hesse, 1917. Contributions to Natural History. 26: 1 - 200." type="journal article" year="2014">Neubert 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1735F26C9FBF051977AFBE2" author="Korabek O & Petrusek A & Neubert E & Jurickova L" box="[394,626,1061,1085]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" refId="ref3229" refString="Korabek O, Petrusek A, Neubert E, Jurickova L. 2015. Molecular phylogeny of the genus Helix (Pulmonata: Helicidae). Zoologica Scripta. 18 pp. doi: 10.1111 / zsc. 12101" type="book" year="2015">Korabek et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B84368BB1735F26C88FF03194AFFAE3" blockId="2.[212,1172,168,1659]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">
|
||
However, another aspect is much more interesting: the so-called ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26CC70F0319185FB83" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[1025,1165,1093,1117]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26CC70F0319185FB83" box="[1025,1165,1093,1117]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">Helix cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ clade (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1735F26C96FF01194EDFBA2" author="Psonis N & Vardinoyannis K & Mylonas M & Poulakakis N" box="[286,485,1125,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" pagination="383 - 392" refId="ref3622" refString="Psonis N, Vardinoyannis K, Mylonas M, Poulakakis N. 2015. Evaluation of the taxonomy of Helix cincta (Muller, 1774) and Helix nucula (Mousson, 1854); insights using mitochondrial DNA sequence data. J Nat Hist. 49: 383 - 392." type="journal article" year="2015">Psonis et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 2, in red) comprises specimens originating from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFF869B1735F26CC36F011942AFB43" country="Greece" name="Sterea Ellada" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">central Greece</collectingRegion>
|
||
and western
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FFF869B1735F26C9C9F0F094F0FB43" box="[440,504,1156,1180]" country="Greece" name="Kriti" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">Crete</collectingRegion>
|
||
, including a sample from Kerkyra Island, which is the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54808829B1735F26CC15F0F1919CFB42" box="[1124,1172,1157,1181]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26C93EF0D09635FB63" authority="Mousson, 1859" authorityName="Mousson" authorityYear="1859" box="[335,829,1188,1212]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="ambigua" variety="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26C93EF0D094FCFB63" box="[335,500,1188,1212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">Helix ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26CA43F0D09780FB63" box="[562,648,1188,1212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">borealis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1735F26CAE1F0D19635FB63" author="Mousson A" box="[656,829,1188,1212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" pagination="253 - 297" refId="ref3378" refString="Mousson A. 1859. Coquilles terrestres et fluviatiles, recueillies dans l' Orient par M. le Dr. Alex. Schlafli. Viertelj naturf Ges Zurich. 4: 12 - 36, 253 - 297." type="journal article" year="1859">Mousson, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These results clearly indicate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26C97AF0B194DDFB03" authorityName="Mousson" authorityYear="1859" box="[267,469,1220,1244]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="cincta" subSpecies="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26C97AF0B194DDFB03" box="[267,469,1220,1244]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">H. cincta borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a separate species. Actually,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26CB3BF0B196CFFB03" authorityName="Mousson" authorityYear="1859" box="[842,967,1220,1244]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26CB3BF0B196CFFB03" box="[842,967,1220,1244]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">H. borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has already been considered separate from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26C987F0919755FB23" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[502,605,1253,1276]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26C987F0919755FB23" box="[502,605,1253,1276]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">H. cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by E. Neubert, and his view has been followed by some projects (Fauna Europaea; International Union for Conservation of Nature [
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE4EB1735F26C8ABF150942CFAE3" box="[218,292,1316,1340]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">IUCN</collectionCode>
|
||
] Red List).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B84368BB1735F26C88FF1309743F9A4" blockId="2.[212,1172,168,1659]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">
|
||
The central part of the Bayesian tree of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1735F26CAAFF13096B6FA83" author="Psonis N & Vardinoyannis K & Mylonas M & Poulakakis N" box="[734,958,1348,1372]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" pagination="383 - 392" refId="ref3622" refString="Psonis N, Vardinoyannis K, Mylonas M, Poulakakis N. 2015. Evaluation of the taxonomy of Helix cincta (Muller, 1774) and Helix nucula (Mousson, 1854); insights using mitochondrial DNA sequence data. J Nat Hist. 49: 383 - 392." type="journal article" year="2015">Psonis et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
contains a cluster called ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26C955F11094BAFAA3" authorityName="sensu L. Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1859" box="[292,434,1380,1404]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nucula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26C955F11094BAFAA3" box="[292,434,1380,1404]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">Helix nucula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ (in orange). It comprises specimens originating from localities in Crete, the island Anafi, the Cyclades and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C761BB1735F26CAB3F1F09600FA43" box="[706,776,1412,1436]" name="Libya" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">Libya</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This result confirms that there is another black-lipped species living in the East Mediterranenan basin besides
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26CC48F1D0919CFA64" box="[1081,1172,1444,1467]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cinta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26CC48F1D0919CFA64" box="[1081,1172,1444,1467]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">H. cinta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26C979F1B0948DFA04" authorityName="Mousson" authorityYear="1859" box="[264,389,1475,1499]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26C979F1B0948DFA04" box="[264,389,1475,1499]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">H. borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, corresponding to ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26CA18F1B097D7FA04" box="[617,735,1475,1499]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">H. nucula’</emphasis>
|
||
as understood by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1735F26CBC8F1B79186FA04" author="Kaltenbach H" box="[953,1166,1475,1499]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" pagination="55 - 66" refId="ref3009" refString="Kaltenbach H. 1950. Ergebnisse zoologisch-geologischer Sammelreisen in NO-Afrika, 2: helix nucula, Helix aspersa und Eobania vermiculata. Arch Moll. 79 (1 / 3): 55 - 66. pl. 10" type="journal article" year="1950">Kaltenbach (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and comprising also populations from the southern Aegean. Accepting the existence of such an East Mediterranenan species, the next nomenclaturally available name has to be used for this taxon. This name would then be ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26CB5CF25796C6F9E4" authorityName="Westerlund & Blanc" authorityYear="1879" box="[813,974,1571,1595]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pronuba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26CB5CF25796C6F9E4" box="[813,974,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">Helix pronuba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ published in the original combination
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1735F26C9B9F237914AF984" authority="Westerlund & Blanc, 1879" authorityName="Westerlund & Blanc" authorityYear="1879" box="[456,1090,1603,1627]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="thiesseana" variety="pronuba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26C9B9F2379776F984" box="[456,638,1603,1627]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">Helix thiesseana</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1735F26CAC8F237961BF984" box="[697,787,1603,1627]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259">pronuba</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1735F26CB6BF237914AF984" author="Westerlund CA & Blanc H" box="[794,1090,1603,1627]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2259" refId="ref3731" refString="Westerlund CA, Blanc H. 1879. Apercu sur la faune malacologique de la Grece inclus l' Epire et la Thessalie. Coquilles extramarines. Naples: Tornese; 161 pp." type="book" year="1879">Westerlund & Blanc, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which originates from ‘Crete, Messarà’.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF446603B1725F27C8E1F01F949AFA92" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4000021" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4000021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4000021/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260" startId="3.[144,211,1131,1153]" targetBox="[144,1104,168,1099]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B84368BB1725F27C8E1F01F949AFA92" blockId="3.[144,1104,1131,1357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260">
|
||
Figure 1. (A)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1725F27C96EF01F9735FB5E" authority="Mousson, 1854" authorityName="Mousson" authorityYear="1854" box="[287,573,1131,1153]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nucula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1725F27C96EF01F9496FB5F" box="[287,414,1131,1152]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260">Helix nucula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1725F27C9D2F01F9735FB5E" author="Mousson A" box="[419,573,1131,1153]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260" pagination="362 - 402" refId="ref3343" refString="Mousson A. 1854. Coquilles terrestres et fluviatiles, recueillies par M. Le Prof. Bellardi dans un voyage en Orient. Mitt naturf Ges Zurich. 3: 362 - 402." type="journal article" year="1854">Mousson, 1854</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, syntype ZMZ 506381a, shell diameter 28.8 mm. (B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1725F27C8E1F0FC9717FB41" authority="Draparnaud, 1801" authorityName="Draparnaud" authorityYear="1801" box="[144,543,1160,1182]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="melanostoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1725F27C8E1F0FC945DFB42" box="[144,341,1160,1181]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260">Helix melanostoma</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1725F27C911F0FC9717FB41" author="Draparnaud J" box="[352,543,1160,1182]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260" refId="ref2912" refString="Draparnaud J. 1801. Tableau des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. Paris: Bossange, Masson et Besson; 116 pp." type="book" year="1801">Draparnaud, 1801</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, syntype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1725F27CAD9F0FC96E6FB41" authority="Pechaud, 1883" authorityName="Pechaud" authorityYear="1883" box="[680,1006,1160,1182]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="uthicensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1725F27CAD9F0FC9642FB42" box="[680,842,1160,1181]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260">Helix uthicensis</emphasis>
|
||
Pechaud, 1883
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ruins of Uthica, Tunisia, MHNG 18185, shell diameter 36.2 mm. (C),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1725F27CB47F0D19141FB64" authority="Muller, 1774" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[822,1097,1189,1211]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1725F27CB47F0D196BDFB64" box="[822,949,1189,1211]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260">Helix cincta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1725F27CBB3F0D19141FB64" author="Muller OF" box="[962,1097,1189,1211]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260" refId="ref3417" refString="Muller OF. 1774. Vermium terrestrium et fluviatilium, sue animalium infusorum, helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Havniae [Copenhagen] et Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Heineck & Faber; 214 + XXXV + 10 pp." type="book" year="1774">Müller, 1774</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, syntype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1725F27C962F0B69647FB07" authority="Kobelt, 1891" authorityName="Kobelt" authorityYear="1891" box="[275,847,1218,1240]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="cincta" subGenus="Pomatia" variety="anatolica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1725F27C962F0B69443FB08" box="[275,331,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260">Helix</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1725F27C915F0B794B0FB07" box="[356,440,1219,1240]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260">Pomatia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1725F27C9A0F0B79704FB07" box="[465,524,1219,1240]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260">cincta</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1725F27CA24F0B697B8FB08" box="[597,688,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260">anatolica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1725F27CAB0F0B69647FB07" author="Kobelt W" box="[705,847,1218,1240]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260" pagination="41 - 80" refId="ref3136" refString="Kobelt W. 1891. Iconographie der Land- & Susswasser-Mollusken mit vorzuglicher Berucksichtigung der europaischen noch nicht abgebildeten Arten. 5: 1 - 40, Taf. 121 - 130; 5: 41 - 80, Taf. 131 - 140." type="journal article" year="1891">Kobelt, 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ‘Hieronda’ (southwest Turkey), SMF 9949, shell diameter 34.9 mm. (D)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1725F27CAEDF0949141FB29" authority="Westerlund & Blanc, 1879" authorityName="Westerlund & Blanc" authorityYear="1879" box="[668,1097,1248,1270]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pronuba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1725F27CAEDF0949627FB2A" box="[668,815,1248,1269]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260">Helix pronuba</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1725F27CB49F0949141FB29" author="Westerlund CA & Blanc H" box="[824,1097,1248,1270]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260" refId="ref3731" refString="Westerlund CA, Blanc H. 1879. Apercu sur la faune malacologique de la Grece inclus l' Epire et la Thessalie. Coquilles extramarines. Naples: Tornese; 161 pp." type="book" year="1879">Westerlund & Blanc, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, syntype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1725F27C88FF089963DFACC" authority="Westerlund & Blanc, 1879" authorityName="Westerlund & Blanc" authorityYear="1879" box="[254,821,1277,1299]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="thiesseana" variety="pronuba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1725F27C88FF08994A9FACD" box="[254,417,1277,1298]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260">Helix thiesseana</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1725F27C9A4F089972EFACD" box="[469,550,1277,1298]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260">pronuba</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1725F27CA5DF089963DFACC" author="Westerlund CA & Blanc H" box="[556,821,1277,1299]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260" refId="ref3731" refString="Westerlund CA, Blanc H. 1879. Apercu sur la faune malacologique de la Grece inclus l' Epire et la Thessalie. Coquilles extramarines. Naples: Tornese; 161 pp." type="book" year="1879">Westerlund & Blanc, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, GNM 1723, shell diameter 26.3 mm. (E)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1725F27C96DF16E9742FAEF" authority="Mousson, 1859" authorityName="Mousson" authorityYear="1859" box="[284,586,1306,1328]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1725F27C96DF16E94A0FAF0" box="[284,424,1306,1327]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260">Helix borealis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1725F27C9DEF16F9742FAEF" author="Mousson A" box="[431,586,1306,1328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260" pagination="253 - 297" refId="ref3378" refString="Mousson A. 1859. Coquilles terrestres et fluviatiles, recueillies dans l' Orient par M. le Dr. Alex. Schlafli. Viertelj naturf Ges Zurich. 4: 12 - 36, 253 - 297." type="journal article" year="1859">Mousson, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, possible syntype ZMZ 506307, Grecce, Argostoli, shell diameter 34.65 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B84368BB1725F27C8E1F1E2941CFA71" blockId="3.[144,1104,1430,1686]" box="[144,276,1430,1454]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1725F27C8E1F1E2941CFA71" bold="true" box="[144,276,1430,1454]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260">Conclusions</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B84368BB1725F20C8E1F1CA965EFDA0" blockId="3.[144,1104,1430,1686]" lastBlockId="4.[211,1172,168,1691]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="2261" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260">
|
||
Molecular phylogenetics is an irreplaceable tool for taxonomists, but interpretation of the results must be based on clear taxonomic concepts corroborated by all available resources – that is, the primary reference, the subsequent taxonomic literature and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54808829B1725F27C8E1F26A95C8F9E9" box="[144,192,1566,1590]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2260">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of the organisms of interest. Otherwise, molecular phylogenetics can cause confusion with detrimental consequences to follow-up studies (e.g. ecological and evolutionary). Probably, the authors followed the mainstream literature in the apparently wrong application of the names discussed above. In the course of his taxonomic revision of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1755F20CA23F4DC9798FF1F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[594,656,168,192]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1755F20CA23F4DC9798FF1F" box="[594,656,168,192]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">Helix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the first author noticed the problem of the ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1755F20C8AAF4BC942BFF3F" authorityName="Mousson" authorityYear="1854" box="[219,291,200,224]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nucula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1755F20C8AAF4BC942BFF3F" box="[219,291,200,224]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">nucula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
misidentification’ already years ago, and consequently recognised
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1755F20CC24F4BC94D5FEDF" authority="Mousson, 1854" authorityName="Mousson" authorityYear="1854" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nucula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1755F20CC24F4BC9414FEDF" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">Helix nucula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1755F20C95BF49D94D5FEDF" author="Mousson A" box="[298,477,232,256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" pagination="362 - 402" refId="ref3343" refString="Mousson A. 1854. Coquilles terrestres et fluviatiles, recueillies par M. Le Prof. Bellardi dans un voyage en Orient. Mitt naturf Ges Zurich. 3: 362 - 402." type="journal article" year="1854">Mousson, 1854</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a valid species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1755F20CAA4F49C967EFEDF" author="Neubert E" box="[725,886,232,256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref3463" refString="Neubert E. 2014. Revision of Helix Linnaeus, 1758 in its eastern Mediterranean distribution area, and reassignment of Helix godetiana Kobelt, 1878 to Maltzanella Hesse, 1917. Contributions to Natural History. 26: 1 - 200." type="journal article" year="2014">Neubert 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This information was disseminated to the community and shared with many colleagues. Thus, findings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1755F20C8A5F55C970DFE9F" authority="Mousson, 1854" authorityName="Mousson" authorityYear="1854" box="[212,517,296,320]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nucula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1755F20C8A5F55C944EFE9F" box="[212,326,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">H. nucula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1755F20C925F55C970DFE9F" author="Mousson A" box="[340,517,296,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" pagination="362 - 402" refId="ref3343" refString="Mousson A. 1854. Coquilles terrestres et fluviatiles, recueillies par M. Le Prof. Bellardi dans un voyage en Orient. Mitt naturf Ges Zurich. 3: 362 - 402." type="journal article" year="1854">Mousson, 1854</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been reported from southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C761BB1755F20CB99F55C9131FE9F" box="[1000,1081,296,320]" name="Turkey" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
in two papers cited by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1755F20C9FCF53C9763FEBF" author="Psonis N & Vardinoyannis K & Mylonas M & Poulakakis N" box="[397,619,328,352]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" pagination="383 - 392" refId="ref3622" refString="Psonis N, Vardinoyannis K, Mylonas M, Poulakakis N. 2015. Evaluation of the taxonomy of Helix cincta (Muller, 1774) and Helix nucula (Mousson, 1854); insights using mitochondrial DNA sequence data. J Nat Hist. 49: 383 - 392." type="journal article" year="2015">Psonis et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1755F20CA0AF53C9665FEBF" author="Neubert E & Orstan A & Welter-Schultes F" box="[635,877,328,352]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" pagination="105 - 123" refId="ref3506" refString="Neubert E, Orstan A, Welter-Schultes F. 2000. The land snails of the area between Kas and Demre, southwestern Turkey, with special reference to Albinaria (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Clausiliidae). Basteria. 64: 105 - 123." type="journal article" year="2000">Neubert et al. (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1755F20CBDAF53C9186FEBF" author="Orstan A & Yildirim MZ & Gumus BA & Welter-Schultes F" box="[939,1166,328,352]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref3552" refString="Orstan A, Yildirim MZ, Gumus BA, Welter-Schultes F. 2005. The land snails of the Bodrum peninsula, Turkey. Mitt Dtsch Malakozool Ges. 73 / 74: 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="2005">Örstan et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, both referring to the white-lipped species. Later, these results were used for the preparation of the European Red List of Non-marine Molluscs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1755F20CC41F5F3945BFE60" author="Cuttelod A & Seddon M & Neubert E" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" refId="ref2882" refString="Cuttelod A, Seddon M, Neubert E. 2011. European Red List of Non-marine Molluscs. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union; 98 pp." type="book" year="2011">Cuttelod et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These results were criticised by Psonis et al.; however, this opinion reflects their misinterpretation of the taxonomic and nomenclatural problem as explained above. They have probably followed AnimalBase and Welter- Schultes (2012), where these two taxa are confused and their distribution data pooled together.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1755F20C94EF653971CFDE0" author="Psonis N & Vardinoyannis K & Mylonas M & Poulakakis N" box="[319,532,551,575]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" pagination="383 - 392" refId="ref3622" refString="Psonis N, Vardinoyannis K, Mylonas M, Poulakakis N. 2015. Evaluation of the taxonomy of Helix cincta (Muller, 1774) and Helix nucula (Mousson, 1854); insights using mitochondrial DNA sequence data. J Nat Hist. 49: 383 - 392." type="journal article" year="2015">Psonis et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also used sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1755F20CB6DF65C9693FDE0" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[796,923,552,575]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pomatia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1755F20CB6DF65C9693FDE0" box="[796,923,552,575]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">H. pomatia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1755F20CBA2F65C9159FDE0" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[979,1105,551,575]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lucorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1755F20CBA2F65C9159FDE0" box="[979,1105,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">H. lucorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both downloaded from GenBank and both from unknown localities, and we urge against this practice, where a voucher specimen is not available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B84368BB1755F20C88FF6F29604FC62" blockId="4.[211,1172,168,1691]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">
|
||
The results of our analysis are: (1) the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1755F20CB71F6F2914DFD41" authority="Mousson, 1854" authorityName="Mousson" authorityYear="1854" box="[768,1093,646,670]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nucula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1755F20CB71F6F29687FD41" box="[768,911,646,670]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">Helix nucula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1755F20CBE9F6F3914DFD41" author="Mousson A" box="[920,1093,646,670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" pagination="362 - 402" refId="ref3343" refString="Mousson A. 1854. Coquilles terrestres et fluviatiles, recueillies par M. Le Prof. Bellardi dans un voyage en Orient. Mitt naturf Ges Zurich. 3: 362 - 402." type="journal article" year="1854">Mousson, 1854</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has to be applied to a white-lipped species; (2)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1755F20CAC7F6D29155FD61" authority="sensu L. Pfeiffer, 1859" authorityName="sensu L. Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1859" box="[694,1117,678,702]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nucula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1755F20CAC7F6D29641FD61" box="[694,841,678,702]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">Helix nucula</emphasis>
|
||
sensu L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1755F20CBB3F6D29155FD61" author="Pfeiffer L" box="[962,1117,678,702]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" refId="ref3589" refString="Pfeiffer L. 1859. Monographia heliceorum viventium. Sistens descriptiones systematicas et criticas omnium huius familiae generum et specierum hodie cognitarum. Volumen quartum. Leipzig: Brockhaus; 920 pp." type="book" year="1859">Pfeiffer, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a description without any nomenclatural meaning; (3) the species
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1755F20CBC6F6B2919CFD01" author="Psonis N & Vardinoyannis K & Mylonas M & Poulakakis N" box="[951,1172,710,734]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" pagination="383 - 392" refId="ref3622" refString="Psonis N, Vardinoyannis K, Mylonas M, Poulakakis N. 2015. Evaluation of the taxonomy of Helix cincta (Muller, 1774) and Helix nucula (Mousson, 1854); insights using mitochondrial DNA sequence data. J Nat Hist. 49: 383 - 392." type="journal article" year="2015">Psonis et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
referred to as ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1755F20C9DAF693975EFD21" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[427,598,742,766]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1755F20C9DAF69394C9FD21" box="[427,449,743,766]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">H</emphasis>
|
||
. cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1755F20CA65F693975EFD21" box="[532,598,743,766]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C761BB1755F20CAB4F6929611FD21" box="[709,793,742,766]" name="Tunisia" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
is in fact
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1755F20CBBCF69394AEFCC1" authority="Draparnaud, 1801" authorityName="Draparnaud" authorityYear="1801" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="melanostoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1755F20CBBCF693919BFD21" box="[973,1171,742,766]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">H. melanostoma</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1755F20C8A5F77294AEFCC1" author="Draparnaud J" box="[212,422,774,798]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" refId="ref2912" refString="Draparnaud J. 1801. Tableau des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. Paris: Bossange, Masson et Besson; 116 pp." type="book" year="1801">Draparnaud, 1801</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; (4) the species
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1755F20CA19F7729640FCC1" author="Psonis N & Vardinoyannis K & Mylonas M & Poulakakis N" box="[616,840,774,798]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" pagination="383 - 392" refId="ref3622" refString="Psonis N, Vardinoyannis K, Mylonas M, Poulakakis N. 2015. Evaluation of the taxonomy of Helix cincta (Muller, 1774) and Helix nucula (Mousson, 1854); insights using mitochondrial DNA sequence data. J Nat Hist. 49: 383 - 392." type="journal article" year="2015">Psonis et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
referred to as ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1755F20CC70F7729185FCC1" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[1025,1165,774,798]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1755F20CC70F7729185FCC1" box="[1025,1165,774,798]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">Helix cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ from western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C761BB1755F20C9F3F75294D8FCE1" box="[386,464,806,830]" name="Greece" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1755F20CA74F7529679FCE1" authority="Mousson, 1859" authorityName="Mousson" authorityYear="1859" box="[517,881,806,830]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1755F20CA74F75297A2FCE1" box="[517,682,806,830]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">Helix borealis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1755F20CACDF7539679FCE1" author="Mousson A" box="[700,881,806,830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" pagination="253 - 297" refId="ref3378" refString="Mousson A. 1859. Coquilles terrestres et fluviatiles, recueillies dans l' Orient par M. le Dr. Alex. Schlafli. Viertelj naturf Ges Zurich. 4: 12 - 36, 253 - 297." type="journal article" year="1859">Mousson, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; (5) the species
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1755F20CC3DF752946BFC81" author="Psonis N & Vardinoyannis K & Mylonas M & Poulakakis N" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" pagination="383 - 392" refId="ref3622" refString="Psonis N, Vardinoyannis K, Mylonas M, Poulakakis N. 2015. Evaluation of the taxonomy of Helix cincta (Muller, 1774) and Helix nucula (Mousson, 1854); insights using mitochondrial DNA sequence data. J Nat Hist. 49: 383 - 392." type="journal article" year="2015">Psonis et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
referred to as ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1755F20CA51F7329616FC81" authorityName="Kobelt" authorityYear="1891" box="[544,798,838,862]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="cincta" subSpecies="anatolica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1755F20CA51F7329616FC81" box="[544,798,838,862]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">Helix cincta anatolica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ is in fact
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1755F20CBD6F7329400FCA1" authority="Muller, 1774" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1774" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1755F20CBD6F732913CFC81" box="[935,1076,838,862]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">Helix cincta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1755F20CC4EF7329400FCA1" author="Muller OF" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" refId="ref3417" refString="Muller OF. 1774. Vermium terrestrium et fluviatilium, sue animalium infusorum, helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Havniae [Copenhagen] et Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Heineck & Faber; 214 + XXXV + 10 pp." type="book" year="1774">Müller, 1774</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; (6) the species ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1755F20C9B9F7129611FCA1" authority="L. Pfeiffer, 1859" authorityName="sensu L. Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1859" box="[456,793,870,894]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nucula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1755F20C9B9F712975FFCA1" box="[456,599,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">Helix nucula</emphasis>
|
||
L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1755F20CAF3F7129611FCA1" author="Pfeiffer L" box="[642,793,870,894]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" refId="ref3589" refString="Pfeiffer L. 1859. Monographia heliceorum viventium. Sistens descriptiones systematicas et criticas omnium huius familiae generum et specierum hodie cognitarum. Volumen quartum. Leipzig: Brockhaus; 920 pp." type="book" year="1859">Pfeiffer, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ sensu auctores is a species in its own right, and has to be called
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1755F20CA3DF7F29122FC41" authority="Westerlund & Blanc, 1879" authorityName="Westerlund & Blanc" authorityYear="1879" box="[588,1066,902,926]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pronuba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1755F20CA3DF7F297E7FC41" box="[588,751,902,926]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">Helix pronuba</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1755F20CA88F7F29122FC41" author="Westerlund CA & Blanc H" box="[761,1066,902,926]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" refId="ref3731" refString="Westerlund CA, Blanc H. 1879. Apercu sur la faune malacologique de la Grece inclus l' Epire et la Thessalie. Coquilles extramarines. Naples: Tornese; 161 pp." type="book" year="1879">Westerlund & Blanc, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because these authors published the first valid description.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B84368BB1755F20C88FF7B29474FBC2" blockId="4.[211,1172,168,1691]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">
|
||
In order to recognise the species involved, each taxon is here briefly diagnosed to prevent further misidentifications (copied from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1755F20CB3AF7919102FC22" author="Neubert E" box="[843,1034,997,1021]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref3463" refString="Neubert E. 2014. Revision of Helix Linnaeus, 1758 in its eastern Mediterranean distribution area, and reassignment of Helix godetiana Kobelt, 1878 to Maltzanella Hesse, 1917. Contributions to Natural History. 26: 1 - 200." type="journal article" year="2014">Neubert (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; see also
|
||
<figureCitation id="13002A0EB1755F20C8A5F0719464FBC2" box="[212,364,1029,1053]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[144,211,1131,1153]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,168,1099]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[144,1104,168,1099]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. (A) Helix nucula Mousson, 1854, syntype ZMZ 506381a, shell diameter 28.8 mm. (B) Helix melanostoma Draparnaud, 1801, syntype of Helix uthicensis Pechaud, 1883, ruins of Uthica, Tunisia, MHNG 18185, shell diameter 36.2 mm. (C), Helix cincta Müller, 1774, syntype of Helix (Pomatia) cincta var. anatolica Kobelt, 1891, ‘Hieronda’ (southwest Turkey), SMF 9949, shell diameter 34.9 mm. (D) Helix pronuba Westerlund & Blanc, 1879, syntype of Helix thiesseana var. pronuba Westerlund & Blanc, 1879, GNM 1723, shell diameter 26.3 mm. (E) Helix borealis Mousson, 1859, possible syntype ZMZ 506307, Grecce, Argostoli, shell diameter 34.65 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4000021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4000021/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">Figure 1A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3216500B1755F21C88FF05197EFFE40" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="2262" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B84368BB1755F20C88FF0519662FB43" blockId="4.[211,1172,168,1691]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1755F20C88FF05197CFFBE2" ID-CoL="6LLXK" authority="Mousson, 1854" authorityName="Mousson" authorityYear="1854" box="[254,711,1061,1085]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nucula" subGenus="Pelasga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1755F20C88FF0519704FBE2" box="[254,524,1061,1085]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">Helix (Pelasga) nucula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1755F20CA69F05297CFFBE2" author="Mousson A" box="[536,711,1061,1085]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" pagination="362 - 402" refId="ref3343" refString="Mousson A. 1854. Coquilles terrestres et fluviatiles, recueillies par M. Le Prof. Bellardi dans un voyage en Orient. Mitt naturf Ges Zurich. 3: 362 - 402." type="journal article" year="1854">Mousson, 1854</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13002A0EB1755F20CAAAF051965BFBE2" box="[731,851,1061,1085]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[144,211,1131,1153]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,168,1099]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[144,1104,168,1099]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. (A) Helix nucula Mousson, 1854, syntype ZMZ 506381a, shell diameter 28.8 mm. (B) Helix melanostoma Draparnaud, 1801, syntype of Helix uthicensis Pechaud, 1883, ruins of Uthica, Tunisia, MHNG 18185, shell diameter 36.2 mm. (C), Helix cincta Müller, 1774, syntype of Helix (Pomatia) cincta var. anatolica Kobelt, 1891, ‘Hieronda’ (southwest Turkey), SMF 9949, shell diameter 34.9 mm. (D) Helix pronuba Westerlund & Blanc, 1879, syntype of Helix thiesseana var. pronuba Westerlund & Blanc, 1879, GNM 1723, shell diameter 26.3 mm. (E) Helix borealis Mousson, 1859, possible syntype ZMZ 506307, Grecce, Argostoli, shell diameter 34.65 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4000021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4000021/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">Figure 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
): shell small to moderately sized, thin, spherical, protoconch small, teleoconch with coarse axial riblets and surface granulation, aperture always white; flagellum as long as epiphallus + penis, long diverticulum surmounting bursa copulatrix in length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B84368BB1755F20C88FF0D097ACFAC3" blockId="4.[211,1172,168,1691]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1755F20C88FF0D09620FB63" ID-CoL="6LLLM" authority="Westerlund & Blanc, 1879" authorityName="Westerlund & Blanc" authorityYear="1879" box="[254,808,1188,1212]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pronuba" subGenus="Helix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1755F20C88FF0D09434FB63" box="[254,316,1188,1212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">Helix</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1755F20C93CF0D09483FB63" box="[333,395,1188,1212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">Helix</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1755F20C9EDF0D094FEFB63" box="[412,502,1188,1212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">pronuba</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1755F20C98FF0D09620FB63" author="Westerlund CA & Blanc H" box="[510,808,1188,1212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" refId="ref3731" refString="Westerlund CA, Blanc H. 1879. Apercu sur la faune malacologique de la Grece inclus l' Epire et la Thessalie. Coquilles extramarines. Naples: Tornese; 161 pp." type="book" year="1879">Westerlund & Blanc, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13002A0EB1755F20CB48F0D096A7FB63" box="[825,943,1188,1212]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[144,211,1131,1153]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,168,1099]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[144,1104,168,1099]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. (A) Helix nucula Mousson, 1854, syntype ZMZ 506381a, shell diameter 28.8 mm. (B) Helix melanostoma Draparnaud, 1801, syntype of Helix uthicensis Pechaud, 1883, ruins of Uthica, Tunisia, MHNG 18185, shell diameter 36.2 mm. (C), Helix cincta Müller, 1774, syntype of Helix (Pomatia) cincta var. anatolica Kobelt, 1891, ‘Hieronda’ (southwest Turkey), SMF 9949, shell diameter 34.9 mm. (D) Helix pronuba Westerlund & Blanc, 1879, syntype of Helix thiesseana var. pronuba Westerlund & Blanc, 1879, GNM 1723, shell diameter 26.3 mm. (E) Helix borealis Mousson, 1859, possible syntype ZMZ 506307, Grecce, Argostoli, shell diameter 34.65 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4000021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4000021/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">Figure 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
): shell small to very small, spherical, white or with up to five spirals, teleoconch with fine and densely spaced riblets and a prominent granulation, aperture deep chocolate brown. Morphology of genital organs unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B84368BB1755F20C88FF15097FFFA64" blockId="4.[211,1172,168,1691]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1755F20C88FF1509600FAE3" ID-CoL="6LM7K" authority="Draparnaud, 1801" authorityName="Draparnaud" authorityYear="1801" box="[254,776,1316,1340]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="melanostoma" subGenus="Helix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1755F20C88FF1509434FAE3" box="[254,316,1316,1340]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">Helix</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1755F20C93FF1509484FAE3" box="[334,396,1316,1340]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">Helix</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1755F20C9EFF1509727FAE3" box="[414,559,1316,1340]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">melanostoma</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1755F20CA49F1509600FAE3" author="Draparnaud J" box="[568,776,1316,1340]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" refId="ref2912" refString="Draparnaud J. 1801. Tableau des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. Paris: Bossange, Masson et Besson; 116 pp." type="book" year="1801">Draparnaud, 1801</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13002A0EB1755F20CB6BF1509684FAE3" box="[794,908,1316,1340]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[144,211,1131,1153]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,168,1099]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[144,1104,168,1099]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. (A) Helix nucula Mousson, 1854, syntype ZMZ 506381a, shell diameter 28.8 mm. (B) Helix melanostoma Draparnaud, 1801, syntype of Helix uthicensis Pechaud, 1883, ruins of Uthica, Tunisia, MHNG 18185, shell diameter 36.2 mm. (C), Helix cincta Müller, 1774, syntype of Helix (Pomatia) cincta var. anatolica Kobelt, 1891, ‘Hieronda’ (southwest Turkey), SMF 9949, shell diameter 34.9 mm. (D) Helix pronuba Westerlund & Blanc, 1879, syntype of Helix thiesseana var. pronuba Westerlund & Blanc, 1879, GNM 1723, shell diameter 26.3 mm. (E) Helix borealis Mousson, 1859, possible syntype ZMZ 506307, Grecce, Argostoli, shell diameter 34.65 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4000021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4000021/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">Figure 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
): shell of medium size, greyish to brilliant white, spherical, teleoconch sculptured by coarse ribs, labial callus and palatal area deep brown to chocolate-coloured; penis and epiphallus of same length, flagellum moderately long, glandulae mucosae much shorter than dart sac, pedunculus with a thick and short diverticulum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B84368BB1755F20C88FF1B797F7F9E4" blockId="4.[211,1172,168,1691]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1755F20C88FF1B797B2FA04" ID-CoL="6LKP4" authority="O. F. Muller, 1774" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[254,698,1475,1499]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cincta" subGenus="Helix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1755F20C88FF1B79434FA04" box="[254,316,1475,1499]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">Helix</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1755F20C93EF1B79485FA04" box="[335,397,1475,1499]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">Helix</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1755F20C9EEF1B094E9FA04" box="[415,481,1476,1499]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">cincta</emphasis>
|
||
O.F.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1755F20CA59F1B797B2FA04" author="Muller OF" box="[552,698,1475,1499]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" refId="ref3417" refString="Muller OF. 1774. Vermium terrestrium et fluviatilium, sue animalium infusorum, helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Havniae [Copenhagen] et Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Heineck & Faber; 214 + XXXV + 10 pp." type="book" year="1774">Müller, 1774</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13002A0EB1755F20CABCF1B79649FA04" box="[717,833,1475,1499]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[144,211,1131,1153]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,168,1099]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[144,1104,168,1099]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. (A) Helix nucula Mousson, 1854, syntype ZMZ 506381a, shell diameter 28.8 mm. (B) Helix melanostoma Draparnaud, 1801, syntype of Helix uthicensis Pechaud, 1883, ruins of Uthica, Tunisia, MHNG 18185, shell diameter 36.2 mm. (C), Helix cincta Müller, 1774, syntype of Helix (Pomatia) cincta var. anatolica Kobelt, 1891, ‘Hieronda’ (southwest Turkey), SMF 9949, shell diameter 34.9 mm. (D) Helix pronuba Westerlund & Blanc, 1879, syntype of Helix thiesseana var. pronuba Westerlund & Blanc, 1879, GNM 1723, shell diameter 26.3 mm. (E) Helix borealis Mousson, 1859, possible syntype ZMZ 506307, Grecce, Argostoli, shell diameter 34.65 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4000021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4000021/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">Figure 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
): shell of medium size, thick, protoconch small, spiral bands no. 1 to 3 usually fused, columellar side of aperture relatively straight, aperture reddish-brown coloured; flagellum extremely long, pedunculus stem long, usually without diverticulum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B84368BB1755F20C88FF2379680F944" blockId="4.[211,1172,168,1691]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1755F20C88FF23797BEF984" ID-CoL="3KDXH" authority="Mousson, 1859" authorityName="Mousson" authorityYear="1859" box="[254,694,1603,1627]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="borealis" subGenus="Helix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1755F20C88FF2379434F984" box="[254,316,1603,1627]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">Helix</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1755F20C920F2379487F984" box="[337,399,1603,1627]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">Helix</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1755F20C9D5F23794F2F984" box="[420,506,1603,1627]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">borealis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7AB1755F20CA77F23097BEF984" author="Mousson A" box="[518,694,1603,1627]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261" pagination="253 - 297" refId="ref3378" refString="Mousson A. 1859. Coquilles terrestres et fluviatiles, recueillies dans l' Orient par M. le Dr. Alex. Schlafli. Viertelj naturf Ges Zurich. 4: 12 - 36, 253 - 297." type="journal article" year="1859">Mousson, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13002A0EB1755F20CABAF2379648F984" box="[715,832,1603,1627]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[144,211,1131,1153]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,168,1099]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[144,1104,168,1099]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. (A) Helix nucula Mousson, 1854, syntype ZMZ 506381a, shell diameter 28.8 mm. (B) Helix melanostoma Draparnaud, 1801, syntype of Helix uthicensis Pechaud, 1883, ruins of Uthica, Tunisia, MHNG 18185, shell diameter 36.2 mm. (C), Helix cincta Müller, 1774, syntype of Helix (Pomatia) cincta var. anatolica Kobelt, 1891, ‘Hieronda’ (southwest Turkey), SMF 9949, shell diameter 34.9 mm. (D) Helix pronuba Westerlund & Blanc, 1879, syntype of Helix thiesseana var. pronuba Westerlund & Blanc, 1879, GNM 1723, shell diameter 26.3 mm. (E) Helix borealis Mousson, 1859, possible syntype ZMZ 506307, Grecce, Argostoli, shell diameter 34.65 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4000021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4000021/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="2261">Figure 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
): shell of medium size, thin, protoconch small, aperture very large, dark brown, palatal area with expanded dark brown colouration. Morphology of genital organs unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B84368BB1745F21C8CBF4DC97EFFE40" blockId="5.[144,1104,168,415]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2262">
|
||
The differences in shell morphology are sufficient to recognise the species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1745F21C8E1F4BD9408FF3F" ID-CoL="6LLXK" authorityName="Mousson" authorityYear="1854" box="[144,256,200,224]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="2262" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nucula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1745F21C8E1F4BD9408FF3F" box="[144,256,200,224]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="2262">H. nucula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a white lip, and thus differs from all other species listed here. The shell of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1745F21C896F49D946DFEDF" ID-CoL="6LLLM" authorityName="Westerlund & Blanc" authorityYear="1879" box="[231,357,232,256]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="2262" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pronuba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1745F21C896F49D946DFEDF" box="[231,357,232,256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="2262">H. pronuba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the other dark-lipped species by the presence of heavy granulation of at least the body whorl. The differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1745F21CBD8F57D911FFEFF" ID-CoL="6LKP4" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[937,1047,265,288]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="2262" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1745F21CBD8F57D911FFEFF" box="[937,1047,265,288]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="2262">H. cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D08B1745F21C8E1F55C9403FE9F" ID-CoL="3KDXH" authorityName="Mousson" authorityYear="1859" box="[144,267,296,320]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="2262" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1745F21C8E1F55C9403FE9F" box="[144,267,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="2262">H. borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more peculiar: the first species has a heavy, rather small and globular shell with a rounded aperture and often-fused spiral colour bands, while in the latter species, the shell is thinner, larger, the aperture is more oblique, and the colour spiral bands are often reduced in intensity or even lacking.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3216500B1745F21C8E1F5879619FDEF" pageId="5" pageNumber="2262" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B84368BB1745F21C8E1F587947DFDD4" blockId="5.[144,785,499,560]" box="[144,373,499,523]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2262">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEA99B1745F21C8E1F587947DFDD4" bold="true" box="[144,373,499,523]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2262">Disclosure statement</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B84368BB1745F21C8E1F66F9619FDEF" blockId="5.[144,785,499,560]" box="[144,785,538,560]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2262">No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |