treatments-xml/data/51/81/94/518194321077567EAD2A0AEAD2758C40.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.963.53470" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0831704f-4ecf-4989-8072-defde35921ec" ID-PMC="PMC7458944" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-963-45" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FE8C7A0A85B45DF7848BFAB844F93C28" ID-PubMed="32922131" ID-ZooBank="9636C9F2C6BD4B34BCC6ED214C7B0D19" ModsDocID="1313-2970-963-45" checkinTime="1598316761636" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Englund, William F., Njoroge, Laban, Bistroem, Olof, Miller, Kelly B., Bilton, David T. &amp; Bergsten, Johannes" docDate="2020" docId="518194321077567EAD2A0AEAD2758C40" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 963: 45-79" docOrigin="ZooKeys 963" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.963.53470" docTitle="Agabus dytiscoides Regimbart 1908" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="FE8C7A0A85B45DF7848BFAB844F93C28" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="FE8C7A0A85B45DF7848BFAB844F93C28" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical Agabus raffrayi species group with the description of four new species (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)" masterLastPageNumber="79" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1668169378299" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical Agabus raffrayi species group with the description of four new species (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Englund, William F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Zoology, Box 50007, SE- 10405 Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Njoroge, Laban</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>National Museums of Kenya, Section of Invertebrate Zoology, Museum Hill, P. O. BOX 40658 - 00100, Nairobi, Kenya</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Bistroem, Olof</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, P. O. Box 17, FI- 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Miller, Kelly B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 - 0001, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Bilton, David T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL 4 8 AA, UK &amp; Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Bergsten, Johannes</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Zoology, Box 50007, SE- 10405 Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">johannes.bergsten@nrm.se</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number>963</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="167293853" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:518194321077567EAD2A0AEAD2758C40" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/518194321077567EAD2A0AEAD2758C40" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName LSID="51819432-1077-567E-AD2A-0AEAD2758C40" authority="Regimbart, 1908" authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Agabus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agabus dytiscoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">
Agabus dytiscoides 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Régimbart">Regimbart</normalizedToken>
, 1908
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution map of the Agabus raffrayi group. Relief is expressed in meters above sea level." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444398" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Figures 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Agabus spp., protarsomeres in anterior view A A. dytiscoides B A. raffrayi. PT 4 L = measured distance for length of protarsomere 4; CL = measured distance for length of protarsal claw." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444400" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">, 3A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Agabus spp., head and pronotum in dorsal view A A. dytiscoides B A. ruwenzoricus C A. sjostedti D A. pallidus. Red dashed lines indicate measurements used for interocular distance and pronotal width." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444401" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">, 4A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Agabus spp., aedeagus in lateral view A A. sjostedti B A. dytiscoides C A. ruwenzoricus D A. raffrayi E A. pallidus F A. anguluverpus sp. nov. G A. austellus sp. nov. H A. riberae sp. nov. I A. agulhas sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444405" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">, 8B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Agabus spp., hypomeron in lateral view A A. sjostedti B A. dytiscoides C A. anguluverpus sp. nov. D A. raffrayi. White arrows indicate hypomeron." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444407" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">, 10B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Agabus spp., habitus of males in dorsal view A, F A. sjostedti B, G A. dytiscoides; C, H A. ruwenzoricus D, I A. raffrayi E, J A. pallidus K, O A. anguluverpus sp. nov. L, P A. austellus sp. nov. M, Q A. riberae sp. nov. N, R A. agulhas sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444408" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">, 11B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Agabus spp., habitus of males in dorsal view A, F A. sjostedti B, G A. dytiscoides; C, H A. ruwenzoricus D, I A. raffrayi E, J A. pallidus K, O A. anguluverpus sp. nov. L, P A. austellus sp. nov. M, Q A. riberae sp. nov. N, R A. agulhas sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444408" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">, 11G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. The ratio between width of the metacoxal plate and metasternal wing (WC / WS) in the A. raffrayi group (incl. specimens of both sexes). Thick black line inside boxes represents medians, left and right box borders 25 th (Q 1) and 75 th (Q 3) percentiles respectively. Whiskers were calculated with the boxplot. stats function in R using the default coefficient value of 1.5 (drawn to the highest and lowest value within 1.5 * IQD (Inter Quartile Distance = Q 3 - Q 1) away from the 75 th and 25 th percentiles respectively). Note that this character fully separates A. raffrayi from A. pallidus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444409" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">, 12</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. The ratio between pronotal width and interocular distance in males of the Agabus raffrayi group. Symbols as in Fig. 12. Note the very narrow pronotum of A. dytiscoides, a distinguishing feature of this species." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444410" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">, 13</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. The ratio between length of protarsal claw and length of protarsomere 4 in males of the Agabus raffrayi group. Symbols as in Fig. 12. Note the short claws of A. sjostedti and A. dytiscoides." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444411" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">, 14</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Agabus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agabus dytiscoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">Agabus dytiscoides</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Régimbart">Regimbart</normalizedToken>
, 1908: 6-7
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
&quot;Kiboscho, au Kilimandjaro 
<normalizedToken originalValue="…">...</normalizedToken>
entre 3,000 et 3,500 
<normalizedToken originalValue="mèt.”">met.&quot;</normalizedToken>
[Tanzania, Kiboscho, Mount Kilimanjaro, between 3000 and 3500 meters].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Lectotype</emphasis>
♂ (NHRS) labelled: &quot;Kilimandj. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sjöstedt”">Sjoestedt&quot;</normalizedToken>
, &quot;Kiboscho 3' -4000 m.&quot;, &quot;20 febr&quot;, &quot;LECTOTYPUS ♂ 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Agabus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agabus dytiscoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">Agabus dytiscoides</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Regimbart, M" journalOrPublisher="): Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905 - 1906. Uppsala: Almquist &amp; Wiksells Boktryckeri-A. B." pageId="0" pageNumber="45" refId="B22" refString="Regimbart, M, 1908. 7. Coleoptera. 1. Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydrophilidae. In: Sjoestedt Y. (Ed.): Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905-1906. Uppsala: Almquist &amp; Wiksells Boktryckeri-A. B." title="7. Coleoptera. 1. Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydrophilidae. In: Sjoestedt Y. (Ed." year="1908">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Régimbart">Regimbart</normalizedToken>
1908
</bibRefCitation>
Des. Nilsson 1990&quot;. Paralectotypes 5 ♂ 3 ♀ (NHRS) labelled: &quot;Kilimandj. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sjöstedt”">Sjoestedt&quot;</normalizedToken>
, &quot;Kiboscho 3' -4000 m.&quot;, &quot;20 febr&quot;, &quot;PARALECTOTYPUS ♂/♀ 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Agabus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agabus dytiscoides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">Agabus dytiscoides</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Regimbart, M" journalOrPublisher="): Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905 - 1906. Uppsala: Almquist &amp; Wiksells Boktryckeri-A. B." pageId="0" pageNumber="45" refId="B22" refString="Regimbart, M, 1908. 7. Coleoptera. 1. Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydrophilidae. In: Sjoestedt Y. (Ed.): Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905-1906. Uppsala: Almquist &amp; Wiksells Boktryckeri-A. B." title="7. Coleoptera. 1. Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydrophilidae. In: Sjoestedt Y. (Ed." year="1908">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Régimbart">Regimbart</normalizedToken>
1908
</bibRefCitation>
Des. Nilsson 1990&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
The very narrow pronotum, distinctly narrower than the base of elytra, is characteristic and separates 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. dytiscoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A. dytiscoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from all other species in the group (see Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters in the Agabus raffrayi group. WC / WS = width of metacoxal plate / width of metasternal wing, PW / ID = width of pronotum / interocular distance, TL = total body length, N = number of specimens, Min = minimum value, Max = maximum value, SD = standard deviation, NA = not applicable." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6">1</tableCitation>
, Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Agabus spp., head and pronotum in dorsal view A A. dytiscoides B A. ruwenzoricus C A. sjostedti D A. pallidus. Red dashed lines indicate measurements used for interocular distance and pronotal width." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444401" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">4A</figureCitation>
). With the pronotal hypomeron clearly visible in strict lateral view (see Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Agabus spp., hypomeron in lateral view A A. sjostedti B A. dytiscoides C A. anguluverpus sp. nov. D A. raffrayi. White arrows indicate hypomeron." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444407" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">10B</figureCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. dytiscoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A. dytiscoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. sjostedti" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="sjostedti">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A. sjostedti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but can be separated, apart from the pronotal shape, by its smaller size (see Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters in the Agabus raffrayi group. WC / WS = width of metacoxal plate / width of metasternal wing, PW / ID = width of pronotum / interocular distance, TL = total body length, N = number of specimens, Min = minimum value, Max = maximum value, SD = standard deviation, NA = not applicable." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6">1</tableCitation>
), broader metasternal wing (see Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters in the Agabus raffrayi group. WC / WS = width of metacoxal plate / width of metasternal wing, PW / ID = width of pronotum / interocular distance, TL = total body length, N = number of specimens, Min = minimum value, Max = maximum value, SD = standard deviation, NA = not applicable." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6">1</tableCitation>
), and by the shape of the less robust aedeagal subapical tooth (compare Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Agabus spp., aedeagus in lateral view A A. sjostedti B A. dytiscoides C A. ruwenzoricus D A. raffrayi E A. pallidus F A. anguluverpus sp. nov. G A. austellus sp. nov. H A. riberae sp. nov. I A. agulhas sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444405" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">8A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
Habitus as in Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Agabus spp., habitus of males in dorsal view A, F A. sjostedti B, G A. dytiscoides; C, H A. ruwenzoricus D, I A. raffrayi E, J A. pallidus K, O A. anguluverpus sp. nov. L, P A. austellus sp. nov. M, Q A. riberae sp. nov. N, R A. agulhas sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444408" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">11B, G</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Colour</emphasis>
: Head rufopiceous to black with testaceous to rufous interocular spots. Pronotum rufopiceous to black with testaceous margins; some specimens with two diffuse rufous to testaceous spots in the middle of the pronotum. Elytra ferruginous to brown. Ventral surface rufopiceous to black, hypomeron and epipleuron testaceous. Legs rufous. Antennae and palpi testaceous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName genus="Microreticulation" lsidName="Microreticulation" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Microreticulation</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Males with medium impressed reticulation on head and pronotum. Females with much coarser meshes than males, giving pronotum and elytra a matte appearance. Females also with mostly elongate meshes on pronotum. Males with a mixture of small and somewhat larger meshes on both pronotum and elytra, while female elytra tends to have more uniform small meshes. Both sexes with overall larger meshes on pronotum than elytra.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName genus="Structural" lsidName="Structural features" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="features">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Structural features</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Body length: 7.36-7.76 mm (see Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters in the Agabus raffrayi group. WC / WS = width of metacoxal plate / width of metasternal wing, PW / ID = width of pronotum / interocular distance, TL = total body length, N = number of specimens, Min = minimum value, Max = maximum value, SD = standard deviation, NA = not applicable." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6">1</tableCitation>
). Pronotal hypomeron broadly visible in strict lateral view (see Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Agabus spp., hypomeron in lateral view A A. sjostedti B A. dytiscoides C A. anguluverpus sp. nov. D A. raffrayi. White arrows indicate hypomeron." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444407" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">10B</figureCitation>
), lateral bead of pronotum well defined. Metasternal wing relatively broad, WC/WS &lt;3.6 (see Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters in the Agabus raffrayi group. WC / WS = width of metacoxal plate / width of metasternal wing, PW / ID = width of pronotum / interocular distance, TL = total body length, N = number of specimens, Min = minimum value, Max = maximum value, SD = standard deviation, NA = not applicable." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6">1</tableCitation>
, Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. The ratio between width of the metacoxal plate and metasternal wing (WC / WS) in the A. raffrayi group (incl. specimens of both sexes). Thick black line inside boxes represents medians, left and right box borders 25 th (Q 1) and 75 th (Q 3) percentiles respectively. Whiskers were calculated with the boxplot. stats function in R using the default coefficient value of 1.5 (drawn to the highest and lowest value within 1.5 * IQD (Inter Quartile Distance = Q 3 - Q 1) away from the 75 th and 25 th percentiles respectively). Note that this character fully separates A. raffrayi from A. pallidus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444409" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">12</figureCitation>
). Pronotum very narrow, &lt;2.0 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as broad as interocular distance (see Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters in the Agabus raffrayi group. WC / WS = width of metacoxal plate / width of metasternal wing, PW / ID = width of pronotum / interocular distance, TL = total body length, N = number of specimens, Min = minimum value, Max = maximum value, SD = standard deviation, NA = not applicable." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6">1</tableCitation>
, Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Agabus spp., head and pronotum in dorsal view A A. dytiscoides B A. ruwenzoricus C A. sjostedti D A. pallidus. Red dashed lines indicate measurements used for interocular distance and pronotal width." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444401" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">4A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. The ratio between pronotal width and interocular distance in males of the Agabus raffrayi group. Symbols as in Fig. 12. Note the very narrow pronotum of A. dytiscoides, a distinguishing feature of this species." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444410" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">13</figureCitation>
), clearly narrower than base of elytra and therefore with a non-continuous outline between pronotum and elytra.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Legs</emphasis>
: Protarsal claws short, &lt;1.6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as protarsomere 4 (see Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Morphological characters in the Agabus raffrayi group. MT 2 L / MT 2 W = length / width of metatarsomere 2, MT 5 L / MT 5 W = length / width of metatarsomere 5, CL / PT 4 L = length of protarsal claw / length of protarsomere 4, N = number of specimens, Min = minimum value, Max = maximum value, SD = standard deviation, NA = not applicable." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/59FBA533E2ADB4142B7B5363E75795AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="59FBA533E2ADB4142B7B5363E75795AF">2</tableCitation>
, Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Agabus spp., protarsomeres in anterior view A A. dytiscoides B A. raffrayi. PT 4 L = measured distance for length of protarsomere 4; CL = measured distance for length of protarsal claw." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444400" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">3A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. The ratio between length of protarsal claw and length of protarsomere 4 in males of the Agabus raffrayi group. Symbols as in Fig. 12. Note the short claws of A. sjostedti and A. dytiscoides." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444411" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">14</figureCitation>
). Metatarsomeres very long and slender; metatarsomere 2&gt; 1.8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad (see Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Morphological characters in the Agabus raffrayi group. MT 2 L / MT 2 W = length / width of metatarsomere 2, MT 5 L / MT 5 W = length / width of metatarsomere 5, CL / PT 4 L = length of protarsal claw / length of protarsomere 4, N = number of specimens, Min = minimum value, Max = maximum value, SD = standard deviation, NA = not applicable." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/59FBA533E2ADB4142B7B5363E75795AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="59FBA533E2ADB4142B7B5363E75795AF">2</tableCitation>
), metatarsomere 5&gt; 3.6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad (see Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Morphological characters in the Agabus raffrayi group. MT 2 L / MT 2 W = length / width of metatarsomere 2, MT 5 L / MT 5 W = length / width of metatarsomere 5, CL / PT 4 L = length of protarsal claw / length of protarsomere 4, N = number of specimens, Min = minimum value, Max = maximum value, SD = standard deviation, NA = not applicable." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/59FBA533E2ADB4142B7B5363E75795AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="59FBA533E2ADB4142B7B5363E75795AF">2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Male genitalia</emphasis>
: Subapically broadened, and prolonged between the subapical broadening and the apical and subapical teeth. Subapical tooth with curvature as in Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Agabus spp., aedeagus in lateral view A A. sjostedti B A. dytiscoides C A. ruwenzoricus D A. raffrayi E A. pallidus F A. anguluverpus sp. nov. G A. austellus sp. nov. H A. riberae sp. nov. I A. agulhas sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444405" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">8B</figureCitation>
, less robust than in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. sjostedti" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="sjostedti">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A. sjostedti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Female</emphasis>
: Elytral and pronotal microreticulation much coarser than in males.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
Known from Kilimanjaro and the Loolmalasin mountains in northern Tanzania (see Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution map of the Agabus raffrayi group. Relief is expressed in meters above sea level." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444398" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<bibRefCitation author="Regimbart, M" journalOrPublisher="): Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905 - 1906. Uppsala: Almquist &amp; Wiksells Boktryckeri-A. B." pageId="0" pageNumber="45" refId="B22" refString="Regimbart, M, 1908. 7. Coleoptera. 1. Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydrophilidae. In: Sjoestedt Y. (Ed.): Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905-1906. Uppsala: Almquist &amp; Wiksells Boktryckeri-A. B." title="7. Coleoptera. 1. Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydrophilidae. In: Sjoestedt Y. (Ed." year="1908">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Régimbart">Regimbart</normalizedToken>
(1908)
</bibRefCitation>
reports that the type specimens were found in cold runoff water from a glacier at 3000 to 3500 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
The name literally translates to &quot; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Dytiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dytiscus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Dytiscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like&quot;. In his original description 
<bibRefCitation author="Regimbart, M" journalOrPublisher="): Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905 - 1906. Uppsala: Almquist &amp; Wiksells Boktryckeri-A. B." pageId="0" pageNumber="45" refId="B22" refString="Regimbart, M, 1908. 7. Coleoptera. 1. Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydrophilidae. In: Sjoestedt Y. (Ed.): Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905-1906. Uppsala: Almquist &amp; Wiksells Boktryckeri-A. B." title="7. Coleoptera. 1. Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydrophilidae. In: Sjoestedt Y. (Ed." year="1908">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Régimbart">Regimbart</normalizedToken>
(1908)
</bibRefCitation>
explains that 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“J’ai">&quot;J'ai</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="donné">donne</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’">l'</normalizedToken>
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. dytiscoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A. dytiscoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ce nom 
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
cause de la grande similitude de forme et de couleur des males dans les deux especes. [I gave it the name 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. dytiscoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A. dytiscoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of the great similarity in form and colour between the males in the two species.]&quot;. Despite great differences in size and many other characters, the pale pronotal margins and the distinct shoulder between the pronotum and elytra are somewhat reminiscent of a 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Dytiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dytiscus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Dytiscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. That said, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Régimbart">Regimbart</normalizedToken>
also mentioned similarities with 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. raffrayi" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="raffrayi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A. raffrayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, making it difficult to be sure exactly what he was referring to in choosing this name.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>