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<document id="7F97D805A54D23C80D5CA07F47BA5935" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4180.1.1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4180.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b4fade9b-5b2c-4855-973e-3ef871e879f1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="164222" ID-ZooBank="EADF5552-8FDF-4AD6-95CB-B7AACE764F97" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1478070779287" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shear, William A. &amp; Warfel, Joseph G." docDate="2016" docId="039D941BFFC4FFCED6EAF94AFB11D847" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4180.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4180 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Taracus silvestrii Roewer 1929" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FFA4EC63FFDEFFD3D67DFFF3FFA0DB52" masterDocTitle="The harvestman genus Taracus Simon 1879, and the new genus Oskoron (Opiliones: Ischyropsalidoidea: Taracidae)" masterLastPageNumber="71" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1698391641761" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="B8F1CBFA2E6E5B246F92209C23F0DFB0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="5F63882A54DE19F2EFB7B1E231A22F5D">The harvestman genus Taracus Simon 1879, and the new genus Oskoron (Opiliones: Ischyropsalidoidea: Taracidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="7703B9BE08B691964C0D641D3A55CD61" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="BF8CA31A05D9EEE3FA6C989ACF434F41">Shear, William A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role id="E119BC9AFC2E75E604EB0F75959ADD4A">
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<mods:namePart id="F1DFACA5D6F62EA40C85CF397AD15E08">Warfel, Joseph G.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="BBBAD8AAB9ADAD73F677D860338C1A01">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4673C387F066B0E2DE8A63FAF0CE0E76">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="638A403372B70E380799DAE310387EA7">
<mods:date id="F9F1F05A1B90D5D7F3BC22E910936DAC">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="BE881B3B7D7488AF33798C3376C3CDB6" type="volume">
<mods:number id="27A1C8FD51A48C26C50A39C8DD0FAA77">4180</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="BEC9DBF1559FBABB017606073B6517D0" type="issue">
<mods:number id="2E960AAC5CBCC78BA172BFA66001F503">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="2AAFB7F1F5899901CDD890865482604C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="6073FFAA8C3846BA10CACF5EA3017B65" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4180.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3A542FBE551B4EB32D93590E634FE9DB" type="GBIF-Dataset">b4fade9b-5b2c-4855-973e-3ef871e879f1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039D941BFFC4FFCED6EAF94AFB11D847" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6085261" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124560946" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6085261" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D941BFFC4FFCED6EAF94AFB11D847" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D941BFFC4FFCED6EAF94AFB11D847" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<subSubSection id="C32E7686FFC4FFC9D6EAF94AFE2DDDA6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8B250DFFC4FFC9D6EAF94AFDADDD81" blockId="26.[151,525,1721,1780]" box="[151,525,1721,1747]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<heading id="D0C39261FFC4FFC9D6EAF94AFDADDD81" bold="true" box="[151,525,1721,1747]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C345E8EFFC4FFC9D6EAF94AFDADDD81" ID-CoL="7Z5DB" authority="Roewer 1929" authorityName="Roewer" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,525,1721,1747]" class="Arachnida" family="Taracidae" genus="Taracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestrii" superFamily="Ischyropsalidoidea">
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC4FFC9D6EAF94AFDADDD81" bold="true" box="[151,525,1721,1747]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC4FFC9D6EAF94AFEC4DD81" bold="true" box="[151,356,1721,1747]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Taracus silvestrii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA558FCFFC4FFC9D716F94AFDADDD81" author="Roewer" box="[363,525,1721,1747]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Roewer, C. - F. (1929) Zwei nordamerikanische Hohlen-Opilioniden. Bolletino del Laboratorio de Zoologia generale ed agraria del Istituto superiore agrario di Portici, 23, 10 - 12." type="journal article" year="1929">Roewer 1929</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B250DFFC4FFC9D6EAF928FE2DDDA6" blockId="26.[151,525,1721,1780]" box="[151,397,1755,1780]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<figureCitation id="130F3988FFC4FFC9D6EAF928FF44DDA6" box="[151,228,1755,1780]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1902,1925]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,636,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,636,1882]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Live animals in habitat. Fig. 1, Oskoron brevichelis. Fig. 2, Taracus taylori. Fig. 3, Taracus silvestrii." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164223/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130F3988FFC4FFC9D68CF928FE9ADDA6" box="[241,314,1755,1780]" captionStart="FIGURES 32 – 36" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1501,1524]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,562,1480]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,553,1480]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 32 – 36. Taracus silvestrii female. Fig. 32, dorsal view. Fig. 33, lateral view. Fig. 34, chelicera, lateral view. Fig. 35, chelicera, second article, frontal view. Fig. 36, palpus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164227/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">32–36</figureCitation>
, Map 4
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E7686FFC4FFC9D6EAF8D7FBD0DC6B" box="[151,1136,1827,1849]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8B250DFFC4FFC9D6EAF8D7FBD0DC6B" blockId="26.[151,1136,1827,1849]" box="[151,1136,1827,1849]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB240223FFC4FFC9D6EAF8D7FBD0DC6B" box="[151,1136,1827,1849]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="4C345E8EFFC4FFC9D6EAF8D7FE56DC6B" ID-CoL="7Z5DB" authority="Roewer 1929:10" authorityName="Roewer" authorityPageNumber="10" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,502,1827,1849]" class="Arachnida" family="Taracidae" genus="Taracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestrii" superFamily="Ischyropsalidoidea">
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC4FFC9D6EAF8D7FEE5DC6B" box="[151,325,1827,1849]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Taracus silvestrii</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A95031CFFC4FFC9D736F8D7FE56DC6B" author="Roewer" box="[331,502,1827,1849]" page="10" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1929">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA558FCFFC4FFC9D736F8D7FE78DC6B" author="Roewer" box="[331,472,1827,1849]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Roewer, C. - F. (1929) Zwei nordamerikanische Hohlen-Opilioniden. Bolletino del Laboratorio de Zoologia generale ed agraria del Istituto superiore agrario di Portici, 23, 10 - 12." type="journal article" year="1929">Roewer 1929</bibRefCitation>
:10
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<treatmentCitation id="0A95031CFFC4FFC9D47DF8D0FC82DC6B" author="Cokendolpher" box="[512,802,1827,1849]" page="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA558FCFFC4FFC9D47DF8D0FCB2DC6B" author="Cokendolpher" box="[512,786,1827,1849]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Cokendolpher, J. C. &amp; Lee, V. F. (1993) Catalogue of the Cyphopalpatores and Bibliography of the Harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) of Greenland, Canada, U. S. A. and Mexico. Vintage Press, Lubbock, Texas. 82 pp." type="book" year="1993">Cokendolpher &amp; Lee 1993</bibRefCitation>
:6
</treatmentCitation>
(list).
<treatmentCitation id="0A95031CFFC4FFC9D518F8D0FB93DC6B" author="Schonhofer" box="[869,1075,1827,1849]" page="21" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA558FCFFC4FFC9D518F8D0FBB7DC6B" author="Schonhofer" box="[869,1047,1827,1849]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Schonhofer, A. L. (2013) A taxonomic catalog of the Dyspnoi Hansen and Sorensen, 1904 (Arachnida: Opiliones). Zootaxa, 3679, 1 - 68. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3679.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Schönhofer 2013</bibRefCitation>
:21
</treatmentCitation>
(list).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E7686FFC4FFC8D6EAF896FF4FDBAA" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8B250DFFC4FFC8D6EAF896FF4FDBAA" blockId="26.[151,1437,1893,2027]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<materialsCitation id="3B5C2F50FFC4FFC8D6EAF896FEA6DB87" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324487164" country="Germany" county="Josephine Co." lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" location="Josephine Co." pageId="26" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="5" stateProvince="Oregon" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC4FFC9D6EAF896FF78DC2C" bold="true" box="[151,216,1893,1918]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<typeStatus id="548F9BAFFFC4FFC9D6EAF896FF74DC2C" box="[151,212,1893,1918]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Type</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Juvenile
<typeStatus id="548F9BAFFFC4FFC9D735F896FE0ADC2C" box="[328,426,1893,1918]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
from “Westliches Nordamerika:
<collectingRegion id="49F0EBEFFFC4FFC9D558F895FCD9DC2C" box="[805,889,1894,1918]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Oregon</collectingRegion>
Cave [now
<collectingRegion id="49F0EBEFFFC4FFC9D27AF895FBFBDC2C" box="[1031,1115,1894,1918]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Oregon</collectingRegion>
Caves National Monument,
<collectingCounty id="62EA5D81FFC4FFC9D6EAF879FE9ADCF0" box="[151,314,1930,1955]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Josephine Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F0EBEFFFC4FFC9D737F879FE05DCF0" box="[330,421,1930,1954]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Oregon</collectingRegion>
]”, conserved in the Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt am Main,
<collectingCountry id="F323659DFFC4FFC9D2F2F879FB57DCF0" box="[1167,1271,1930,1954]" name="Germany" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Germany</collectingCountry>
(RII/1745/15; examined 2012). The
<typeStatus id="548F9BAFFFC4FFC9D7F1F85CFE1CDC95" box="[396,444,1967,1991]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
was collected in 1928 by the Italian entomologist Filippo Silvestri, hence the name. The drawings and description in
<bibRefCitation id="EFA558FCFFC4FFC9D7AEF820FDDBDCB8" author="Roewer" box="[467,635,2002,2026]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Roewer, C. - F. (1929) Zwei nordamerikanische Hohlen-Opilioniden. Bolletino del Laboratorio de Zoologia generale ed agraria del Istituto superiore agrario di Portici, 23, 10 - 12." type="journal article" year="1929">Roewer (1929)</bibRefCitation>
would lead one to believe that the
<typeStatus id="548F9BAFFFC4FFC9D27DF820FB90DCB9" box="[1024,1072,2003,2027]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
is mature, but it is at best a midterm instar juvenile, as are the other two specimens mentioned in the original account, but not given status as
<typeStatus id="548F9BAFFFC5FFC8D6EAFF4EFEA6DB87" box="[151,262,189,213]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B5C2F50FFC5FFC8D76DFF4EFF4FDBAA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324487165" country="Germany" location="Oregon" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oregon" typeStatus="holotype">
However, topotypical specimens from
<collectingRegion id="49F0EBEFFFC5FFC8D4BCFF4FFCB5DB86" box="[705,789,188,212]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Oregon</collectingRegion>
Caves support the hypothesis that
<taxonomicName id="4C345E8EFFC5FFC8D2E7FF4EFAB6DB87" box="[1178,1302,188,213]" class="Arachnida" family="Taracidae" genus="Taracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestrii" superFamily="Ischyropsalidoidea">
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC5FFC8D2E7FF4EFAB6DB87" box="[1178,1302,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. silvestrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a distinct species.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E7686FFC5FFC8D6BAFEF7FBDCDAA7" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8B250DFFC5FFC8D6BAFEF7FBDCDAA7" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC5FFC8D6BAFEF7FEE1DA4F" bold="true" box="[199,321,260,285]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C345E8EFFC5FFC8D731FEF6FDB1DA4F" box="[332,529,260,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Taracidae" genus="Taracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestrii" superFamily="Ischyropsalidoidea">
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC5FFC8D731FEF6FDB1DA4F" box="[332,529,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Taracus silvestrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is quite similar in body size and general appearance to
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC5FFC8D2D3FEF6FA8EDA4F" box="[1198,1326,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="4C345E8EFFC5FFC8D2D3FEF6FA89DA4F" box="[1198,1321,260,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Taracidae" genus="Taracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallipes" superFamily="Ischyropsalidoidea">T. pallipes</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
which is probably nearly sympatric, but comparison of the two side-by-side immediately allows separation. While the two species are close in body length and bulk,
<taxonomicName id="4C345E8EFFC5FFC8D402FEBEFD5DDA37" box="[639,765,332,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Taracidae" genus="Taracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestrii" superFamily="Ischyropsalidoidea">
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC5FFC8D402FEBEFD5DDA37" box="[639,765,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. silvestrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has significantly longer legs, chelicerae and palpi, and the abdomen has fewer setae and less sclerotization.
<taxonomicName id="4C345E8EFFC5FFC8D4A7FE82FC3FDADA" box="[730,927,367,392]" class="Arachnida" family="Taracidae" genus="Taracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestrii" superFamily="Ischyropsalidoidea">
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC5FFC8D4A7FE82FC3FDADA" box="[730,927,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Taracus silvestrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinct from
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC5FFC8D215FE82FA85DADA" box="[1128,1317,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="4C345E8EFFC5FFC8D215FE82FA81DADA" box="[1128,1313,367,392]" class="Arachnida" family="Taracidae" genus="Taracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marchingtoni" status="sp. nov." superFamily="Ischyropsalidoidea">T. marchingtoni</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC5FFC8D34DFE9CFAD3DADA" bold="true" box="[1328,1395,367,392]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2734464FFC5FFC8D34DFE9CFAD3DADA" box="[1328,1395,367,392]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, in having a larger body yet
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC5FFC8D7C0FE67FDAEDAFF" box="[445,526,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">shorter</emphasis>
legs, chelicerae and palpi, and in having much larger, darkly pigmented eyes. Unlike most other
<taxonomicName id="4C345E8EFFC5FFC8D70CFE4AFE68DA82" box="[369,456,441,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Taracidae" genus="Taracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" superFamily="Ischyropsalidoidea">
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC5FFC8D70CFE4AFE68DA82" box="[369,456,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Taracus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in the region, the anterior sulcus of the carapace is not open but fused, and present only as a deep groove which does not reach the anterior margin of the ocularium.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF4B7585FFC5FFC8D6EAFA2EFD1BDD40" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164227/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" targetBox="[152,1435,562,1480]" targetPageId="27">
<paragraph id="8B8B250DFFC5FFC8D6EAFA2EFD1BDD40" blockId="27.[151,1435,1501,1554]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC5FFC8D6EAFA2EFEF4DEA1" bold="true" box="[151,340,1501,1524]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">FIGURES 32–36.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C345E8EFFC5FFC8D727FA2CFDA8DEA6" box="[346,520,1502,1524]" class="Arachnida" family="Taracidae" genus="Taracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestrii" superFamily="Ischyropsalidoidea">
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC5FFC8D727FA2CFDA8DEA6" box="[346,520,1502,1524]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Taracus silvestrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female. Fig. 32, dorsal view. Fig. 33, lateral view. Fig. 34, chelicera, lateral view. Fig. 35, chelicera, second article, frontal view. Fig. 36, palpus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32E7686FFC5FFCFD6BAF9C9FBF5DCD4" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8B250DFFC5FFCFD6BAF9C9FD6DDB86" blockId="27.[151,1437,1594,2015]" lastBlockId="28.[151,1437,151,680]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC5FFC8D6BAF9C9FEF9DD01" bold="true" box="[199,345,1594,1619]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC5FFC8D71DF9C9FC43DD00" box="[352,995,1594,1619]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Female from
<collectingRegion id="49F0EBEFFFC5FFC8D78AF9C8FDECDD00" box="[503,588,1595,1618]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Oregon</collectingRegion>
Caves National Monument,
<collectingRegion id="49F0EBEFFFC5FFC8D5F2F9C8FC43DD00" box="[911,995,1595,1618]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Oregon</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Total length,
<quantity id="4CCC88E8FFC5FFC8D2F5F9C9FB4FDD00" box="[1160,1263,1594,1619]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.26" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="7.26">7.26 mm</quantity>
. Carapace dark brown to black, with three or four darker “hash marks” faintly discernable on either side of ocularium, all carapace edges well-defined, anterior and posterior margined; strongly domed, without setae; midline sulcus fused (closed) and extending as deep groove partway to ocularium. Preocularial slit sense organs prominent. Ocularium somewhat longer than wide, higher anteriorly, tapering posteriorly to posterior border of carapace, four prominent setae above each eye; eyes large, black, ringed with black pigment. Metapelitidium unsclerotized but marked by single row of eight small setae, two of which are at base of sensory cone; sensory cone small, gray-brown, base white, apparently membranous (Fig.), arising from embayment in carapace. Abdomen white, with few setae arising from small sclerotized plaques, plaques not distinctly raised, in indefinite transverse rows; midline plaques fused as small midline sclerites on first two or three abdominal segments (
<figureCitation id="130F3988FFC5FFC8D551F88EFC13DCC4" box="[812,947,1917,1942]" captionStart="FIGURES 32 – 36" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1501,1524]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,562,1480]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,553,1480]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 32 – 36. Taracus silvestrii female. Fig. 32, dorsal view. Fig. 33, lateral view. Fig. 34, chelicera, lateral view. Fig. 35, chelicera, second article, frontal view. Fig. 36, palpus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164227/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs. 32, 33</figureCitation>
). Unsclerotized sides of abdomen with very few similar setae. Ventrally, leg coxae white, unspotted. Palpal coxae brown, with numerous stout setae on distinct tubercles, leg coxae with strong, black setae, not on tubercles. No indication of thoracic sternum. Genital operculum apically rounded, heavily setose, white shaded darker distally, unspotted. Abdominal sternites not sclerotized, defined by dense bands of black setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B250DFFC2FFCFD6BAFF2CFDE0DAFE" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Chelicerae (
<figureCitation id="130F3988FFC2FFCFD72CFF2CFE7DDBAA" box="[337,477,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 32 – 36" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1501,1524]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,562,1480]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,553,1480]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 32 – 36. Taracus silvestrii female. Fig. 32, dorsal view. Fig. 33, lateral view. Fig. 34, chelicera, lateral view. Fig. 35, chelicera, second article, frontal view. Fig. 36, palpus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164227/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figs. 34, 35</figureCitation>
)
<quantity id="4CCC88E8FFC2FFCFD792FF13FDC4DBA5" box="[495,612,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.238" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="12.38">12.38 mm</quantity>
long, black. Basal article
<quantity id="4CCC88E8FFC2FFCFD5EBFF2CFC5DDBA5" box="[918,1021,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="5.75">5.75 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CCC88E8FFC2FFCFD234FF2CFB10DBA5" box="[1097,1200,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.63">0.63 mm</quantity>
wide (L/W = 9.12); second article
<quantity id="4CCC88E8FFC2FFCFD745FEF7FE3BDA4E" box="[312,411,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.63" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="6.63">6.63 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CCC88E8FFC2FFCFD79CFEF7FDE5DA4E" box="[481,581,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.88">0.88 mm</quantity>
wide (L/W = 7.53). Basal article with prominent mediobasal knob, with few long, seta-tipped tubercles, diminishing in size and number distally; second article with more numerous, but more rounded, smaller seta-tipped tubercles ranged in several irregular rows, tubercles densely spaced over anterior face of article to base of fixed finger. Fixed and movable fingers with paired, articulating triangular teeth, narrow, acute tips of fingers cross each other at rest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B250DFFC2FFCFD6BAFE44FB2FD9FA" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Palpi (
<figureCitation id="130F3988FFC2FFCFD76EFE44FEC7DA82" box="[275,359,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 32 – 36" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1501,1524]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,562,1480]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,553,1480]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 32 – 36. Taracus silvestrii female. Fig. 32, dorsal view. Fig. 33, lateral view. Fig. 34, chelicera, lateral view. Fig. 35, chelicera, second article, frontal view. Fig. 36, palpus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164227/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
) light brown, total length
<quantity id="4CCC88E8FFC2FFCFD4E6FE44FCB2DA9D" box="[667,786,439,464]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.454" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="14.54">14.54 mm</quantity>
, slender; trochanter darker brown (as coxa) with five or more prominent seta-tipped tubercles, additional smaller ones, femur with regularly spaced slender setae, not set on tubercles. Patella not swollen. Tibia, tarsus slightly darker than femur, patella; with dense glandular hairs. Lengths of articles as given in
<tableCitation id="C6B610B6FFC2FFCFD7ECFDD7FE46D96F" box="[401,486,548,573]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="28.[151,239,724,747]" captionTargetBox="[157,1302,774,1003]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="TABLE 5. Lengths in mm of palpal and leg articles of female Taracus silvestrii." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4B7585FFC2FFCFD6EAFD27FC50D9B9" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" tableUuid="DF4B7585FFC2FFCFD6EAFD27FC50D9B9">Table 5</tableCitation>
. Legs long, thin; white, unspotted, with numerous black setae. Autospasy sutures of femora indistinct on some legs, especially third legs. Tibiae without false articulations, metatarsal false articulations (4?), 20, 0, 0 respectively (false articulations, if present on first leg, poorly indicated). Total lengths in mm of legs 1–4: 17.36, 26.26, 16.88, 21.70. Measurements of leg articles given in
<tableCitation id="C6B610B6FFC2FFCFD249FD7CFB2AD9FA" box="[1076,1162,655,680]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="28.[151,239,724,747]" captionTargetBox="[157,1302,774,1003]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="TABLE 5. Lengths in mm of palpal and leg articles of female Taracus silvestrii." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4B7585FFC2FFCFD6EAFD27FC50D9B9" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" tableUuid="DF4B7585FFC2FFCFD6EAFD27FC50D9B9">Table 5</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4B7585FFC2FFCFD6EAFD27FC50D9B9" ID-Table-UUID="DF4B7585FFC2FFCFD6EAFD27FC50D9B9" box="[151,1008,724,747]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4B7585FFC2FFCFD6EAFD27FC50D9B9" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" targetBox="[157,1302,774,1003]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="28">
<paragraph id="8B8B250DFFC2FFCFD6EAFD27FC50D9B9" blockId="28.[151,1008,724,747]" box="[151,1008,724,747]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC2FFCFD6EAFD27FEAAD9B9" bold="true" box="[151,266,724,747]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">TABLE 5.</emphasis>
Lengths in mm of palpal and leg articles of female
<taxonomicName id="4C345E8EFFC2FFCFD54CFD27FC4CD9B9" box="[817,1004,724,747]" class="Arachnida" family="Taracidae" genus="Taracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestrii" superFamily="Ischyropsalidoidea">Taracus silvestrii</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8B250DFFC2FFCFD71AFCF4FAA0D8B9" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<table id="F934D7ADFFC2002CD6E0FCF5FAB6D8B9" box="[157,1302,774,1003]" gridcols="6" gridrows="6" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<tr id="3504274FFFC2002CD6E0FCF5FAB6D84E" box="[157,1302,774,796]" gridrow="0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76D54E33FFC2002CD71AFCF5FE09D84E" box="[359,425,774,796]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Femur</th>
<th id="76D54E33FFC2002CD451FCF5FDD1D84E" box="[556,625,774,796]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Patella</th>
<th id="76D54E33FFC2002CD57BFCF5FC9AD84E" box="[774,826,774,796]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Tibia</th>
<th id="76D54E33FFC2002CD5D5FCF5FBB7D84E" box="[936,1047,774,796]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Metatarsus</th>
<th id="76D54E33FFC2002CD2A9FCF5FAB6D84E" box="[1236,1302,774,796]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Tarsus</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3504274FFFC2002CD6E0FCC3FAB6D814" box="[157,1302,816,838]" gridrow="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<th id="76D54E33FFC2002CD6E0FCC3FF41D814" box="[157,225,816,838]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Palpus</th>
<td id="76D54E33FFC2002CD71AFCC3FE09D814" box="[359,425,816,838]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">5.64</td>
<td id="76D54E33FFC2002CD451FCC3FDD1D814" box="[556,625,816,838]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">3.59</td>
<td id="76D54E33FFC2002CD57BFCC3FC9AD814" box="[774,826,816,838]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">4.17</td>
<td id="76D54E33FFC2002CD5D5FCC3FBB7D814" box="[936,1047,816,838]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">-</td>
<td id="76D54E33FFC2002CD2A9FCC3FAB6D814" box="[1236,1302,816,838]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">1.14</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3504274FFFC2002CD6E0FCAAFAB6D83D" box="[157,1302,857,879]" gridrow="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<th id="76D54E33FFC2002CD6E0FCAAFF41D83D" box="[157,225,857,879]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Leg 1</th>
<td id="76D54E33FFC2002CD71AFCAAFE09D83D" box="[359,425,857,879]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">4.47</td>
<td id="76D54E33FFC2002CD451FCAAFDD1D83D" box="[556,625,857,879]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">1.26</td>
<td id="76D54E33FFC2002CD57BFCAAFC9AD83D" box="[774,826,857,879]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">2.63</td>
<td id="76D54E33FFC2002CD5D5FCAAFBB7D83D" box="[936,1047,857,879]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">4.53</td>
<td id="76D54E33FFC2002CD2A9FCAAFAB6D83D" box="[1236,1302,857,879]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">4.47</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3504274FFFC2002CD6E0FC71FAB6D8CA" box="[157,1302,898,920]" gridrow="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<th id="76D54E33FFC2002CD6E0FC71FF41D8CA" box="[157,225,898,920]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Leg 2</th>
<td id="76D54E33FFC2002CD71AFC71FE09D8CA" box="[359,425,898,920]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">5.79</td>
<td id="76D54E33FFC2002CD451FC71FDD1D8CA" box="[556,625,898,920]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">1.14</td>
<td id="76D54E33FFC2002CD57BFC71FC9AD8CA" box="[774,826,898,920]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">4.79</td>
<td id="76D54E33FFC2002CD5D5FC71FBB7D8CA" box="[936,1047,898,920]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">7.42</td>
<td id="76D54E33FFC2002CD2A9FC71FAB6D8CA" box="[1236,1302,898,920]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">6.84</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3504274FFFC2002CD6E0FC5FFAB6D890" box="[157,1302,940,962]" gridrow="4" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<th id="76D54E33FFC2002CD6E0FC5FFF41D890" box="[157,225,940,962]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Leg 3</th>
<td id="76D54E33FFC2002CD71AFC5FFE09D890" box="[359,425,940,962]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">3.94</td>
<td id="76D54E33FFC2002CD451FC5FFDD1D890" box="[556,625,940,962]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">1.26</td>
<td id="76D54E33FFC2002CD57BFC5FFC9AD890" box="[774,826,940,962]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">2.63</td>
<td id="76D54E33FFC2002CD5D5FC5FFBB7D890" box="[936,1047,940,962]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">4.73</td>
<td id="76D54E33FFC2002CD2A9FC5FFAB6D890" box="[1236,1302,940,962]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">4.32</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3504274FFFC2002CD6E0FC26FAB6D8B9" box="[157,1302,981,1003]" gridrow="5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<th id="76D54E33FFC2002CD6E0FC26FF41D8B9" box="[157,225,981,1003]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Leg 4</th>
<td id="76D54E33FFC2002CD71AFC26FE09D8B9" box="[359,425,981,1003]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">5.05</td>
<td id="76D54E33FFC2002CD451FC26FDD1D8B9" box="[556,625,981,1003]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">1.42</td>
<td id="76D54E33FFC2002CD57BFC26FC9AD8B9" box="[774,826,981,1003]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">3.95</td>
<td id="76D54E33FFC2002CD5D5FC26FBB7D8B9" box="[936,1047,981,1003]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">6.58</td>
<td id="76D54E33FFC2002CD2A9FC26FAB6D8B9" box="[1236,1302,981,1003]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">5.00</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B250DFFC2FFCFD6EAF8E6FF7DDC1B" blockId="28.[151,1436,1812,1927]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<materialsCitation id="3B5C2F50FFC2FFCFD6EAF8E6FF7DDC1B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324487176" location="Puget Sound region" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Washington">
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC2FFCFD6EAF8E6FF4DDC78" bold="true" box="[151,237,1813,1834]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">MAP 3.</emphasis>
<location id="8EEB73D6FFC2FFCFD68BF8E6FE66DC78" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D941BFFC4FFCED6EAF94AFB11D847:8EEB73D6FFC2FFCFD68BF8E6FE66DC78" box="[246,454,1812,1834]" name="Puget Sound region" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Washington">Puget Sound region</location>
, northwestern
<collectingRegion id="49F0EBEFFFC2FFCFD41DF8E7FD7CDC78" box="[608,732,1812,1834]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Washington</collectingRegion>
. Filled circles, localities for ‘crassichelis’ form of
<taxonomicName id="4C345E8EFFC2FFCFD28FF8E5FF7DDC1B" authority="Banks." authorityName="Banks." class="Arachnida" family="Taracidae" genus="Taracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallipes" superFamily="Ischyropsalidoidea">
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC2FFCFD28FF8E5FA3CDC78" box="[1266,1436,1812,1835]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Taracus pallipes</emphasis>
Banks.
</taxonomicName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B250DFFC2FFCFD6EAF8A1FBF5DCD4" blockId="28.[151,1436,1812,1927]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<materialsCitation id="3B5C2F50FFC2FFCFD6EAF8A1FD43DCD5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324487168" location="Oregon" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oregon" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC2FFCFD6EAF8A1FF4CDC35" bold="true" box="[151,236,1874,1895]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">MAP 4.</emphasis>
Southwestern
<collectingRegion id="49F0EBEFFFC2FFCFD7FAF8A1FE73DC3A" box="[391,467,1874,1896]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Oregon</collectingRegion>
and northwestern
<collectingRegion id="49F0EBEFFFC2FFCFD4EBF8A1FCA0DC3A" box="[662,768,1874,1896]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">California</collectingRegion>
. Filled circles, localities for
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC2FFCFD256F8A0FAB3DC3A" box="[1067,1299,1874,1896]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="4C345E8EFFC2FFCFD256F8A0FAAFDC3A" box="[1067,1295,1874,1896]" class="Arachnida" family="Taracidae" genus="Taracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marchingtoni" status="sp. nov." superFamily="Ischyropsalidoidea">Taracus marchingtoni</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC2FFCFD366F8A1FAF7DC35" bold="true" box="[1307,1367,1874,1895]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2734464FFC2FFCFD366F8A1FAF7DC35" box="[1307,1367,1874,1895]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; filled square,
<typeStatus id="548F9BAFFFC2FFCFD698F881FEB1DCD5" box="[229,273,1906,1927]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
locality of
<taxonomicName id="4C345E8EFFC2FFCFD7F8F881FDEEDCD5" authority="Roewer" authorityName="Roewer" box="[389,590,1905,1927]" class="Arachnida" family="Taracidae" genus="Taracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestrii" superFamily="Ischyropsalidoidea">
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC2FFCFD7F8F881FE55DCD5" box="[389,501,1905,1927]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">T. silvestrii</emphasis>
Roewer
</taxonomicName>
; filled triangle
</materialsCitation>
, type locality of
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC2FFCFD5F0F881FBB6DCD5" box="[909,1046,1905,1927]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="4C345E8EFFC2FFCFD5F0F881FBB2DCD5" box="[909,1042,1905,1927]" class="Arachnida" family="Taracidae" genus="Taracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fluvipileus" status="sp. nov." superFamily="Ischyropsalidoidea">T. fluvipileus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC2FFCFD261F882FBF5DCD4" bold="true" box="[1052,1109,1905,1926]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2734464FFC2FFCFD261F882FBF5DCD4" box="[1052,1109,1905,1926]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E7686FFC2FFCED6BAF85CFB11D847" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8B250DFFC2FFCED6BAF85CFC2DDA12" blockId="28.[151,1437,1967,2028]" lastBlockId="29.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC2FFCFD6BAF85CFEC0DC9A" bold="true" box="[199,352,1967,1992]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Distribution.</emphasis>
All specimens available to us were collected at various places in
<collectingRegion id="49F0EBEFFFC2FFCFD228F843FB09DC9A" box="[1109,1193,1968,1992]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Oregon</collectingRegion>
Cave,
<collectingRegion id="49F0EBEFFFC2FFCFD286F843FAEFDC9A" box="[1275,1359,1968,1992]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Oregon</collectingRegion>
Caves National Monument,
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC2FFCFD7F4F820FD8FDCB9" box="[393,559,2003,2028]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Josephine Co.,</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC2FFCFD44AF820FD37DCBE" bold="true" box="[567,663,2003,2028]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<collectingRegion id="49F0EBEFFFC2FFCFD44AF820FD32DCBE" box="[567,658,2003,2028]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Oregon</collectingRegion>
,
</emphasis>
<geoCoordinate id="EE0043CAFFC2FFCFD4E2F827FCAEDCBE" box="[671,782,2004,2028]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="55" value="42.098">42.098°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0043CAFFC2FFCFD567F827FC38DCBE" box="[794,920,2004,2028]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="55" value="-123.407">123.407°W</geoCoordinate>
. The species occurs in both twilight and dark zones of the cave. Collections made in
<date id="FF8A03CDFFC3FFCED425FF6BFD6BDBE2" box="[600,715,152,176]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2011-05">May 2011</date>
and
<date id="FF8A03CDFFC3FFCED579FF64FC1CDBE2" box="[772,956,151,176]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2012-09">September 2012</date>
by park staff consist of eight females and two juvenile specimens. Additional females and juveniles collected earlier from the same locality by Rod Crawford are in the Burke Memorial Museum, and others are in the CAS and AMNH collections. The Burke Museum had a male, but it was not returned after having been loaned and is presently lost (R. Crawford, pers. comm. 2012). Unfortunately additional males have not been collected at this time.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B250DFFC3FFCED6BAFEBFFC86D94A" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC3FFCED6BAFEBFFEB1DA37" bold="true" box="[199,273,332,357]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Notes.</emphasis>
Though
<taxonomicName id="4C345E8EFFC3FFCED706FEBEFE5ADA37" box="[379,506,332,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Taracidae" genus="Taracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestrii" superFamily="Ischyropsalidoidea">
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC3FFCED706FEBEFE5ADA37" box="[379,506,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">T. silvestrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has so far been found only in
<collectingRegion id="49F0EBEFFFC3FFCED51EFEBFFC17DA36" box="[867,951,332,356]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Oregon</collectingRegion>
Cave itself, observers report that
<taxonomicName id="4C345E8EFFC3FFCED33EFEBEFA3ADA36" box="[1347,1434,333,356]" class="Arachnida" family="Taracidae" genus="Taracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" superFamily="Ischyropsalidoidea">
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC3FFCED33EFEBEFA3ADA36" box="[1347,1434,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Taracus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens have been seen in the forests surrounding the cave (John Roth, Axel Schönhofer, pers. comm. 2012). It seems likely that these individuals would be examples of
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC3FFCED557FE66FC0FDAFF" box="[810,943,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="4C345E8EFFC3FFCED557FE66FC0BDAFF" box="[810,939,404,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Taracidae" genus="Taracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestrii" superFamily="Ischyropsalidoidea">T. silvestrii</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The species has no obvious morphological adaptations for cave life but is evidently strongly troglophilic. It is possible that
<taxonomicName id="4C345E8EFFC3FFCED248FE4AFB13DA82" box="[1077,1203,439,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Taracidae" genus="Taracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestrii" superFamily="Ischyropsalidoidea">
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC3FFCED248FE4AFB13DA82" box="[1077,1203,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">T. silvestrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
arose as an isolated population of
<taxonomicName id="4C345E8EFFC3FFCED740FE2EFE15DAA7" box="[317,437,476,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Taracidae" genus="Taracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallipes" superFamily="Ischyropsalidoidea">
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC3FFCED740FE2EFE15DAA7" box="[317,437,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">T. pallipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or a common ancestor of both species, the longer appendages of the former species resulting from modest adaptation to the cave environment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B250DFFC3FFCED6BAFDD7FB11D847" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Given the location and elevation of
<collectingRegion id="49F0EBEFFFC3FFCED421FDD7FD10D96E" box="[604,688,548,572]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Oregon</collectingRegion>
Caves National Monument, and the similarity of this species to
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC3FFCED3FAFDD6FF56D932" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="4C345E8EFFC3FFCED3FAFDD6FF52D932" class="Arachnida" family="Taracidae" genus="Taracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallipes" superFamily="Ischyropsalidoidea">T. pallipes</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
we would expect it to be winter-active, but all the mature specimens were taken in May or September. However, only females were found. It may be possible that females live longer than males and that the cool, humid conditions in the cave promote their survival. The presence of central areas of sclerotization anterior on the abdomens of females suggests (by analogy with other species) that males probably show
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC3FFCED2F5FD46FA9CD99E" box="[1160,1340,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">scutum parvum.</emphasis>
Perhaps males mature in winter and die after reproducing, while females live on, especially if they find their way into the cave. All speculation, as we know little or nothing of the life histories of any
<taxonomicName id="4C345E8EFFC3FFCED585FD0EFBF1D846" box="[1016,1105,765,788]" class="Arachnida" family="Taracidae" genus="Taracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" superFamily="Ischyropsalidoidea">
<emphasis id="B940F91FFFC3FFCED585FD0EFBF1D846" box="[1016,1105,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Taracus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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