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<document id="7EF0E2C79AA2C03EA1E273ACA93748EE" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad104" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11248861" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1716362955007" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lavrov, Andrey, Ekimova, Irina, Schepetov, Dimitry, Koinova, Alexandra &amp; Ereskovsky, Alexander" docDate="2024" docId="039D223DFFA8FFFFFF68FA406245FE46" docLanguage="en" docName="zlad104.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 200" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Leucosolenia complicata" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="888" masterDocId="FFA45A45FFA0FFF3FFB6FF80673CFFE4" masterDocTitle="The complex case of the calcareous sponge Leucosolenia complicata % Porifera: Calcarea): hidden diversity in Boreal and Arctic regions with description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="914" masterPageNumber="876" pageNumber="884" updateTime="1716488963761" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="585B0A4BAF08A301DEF5280F476B1EC2">The complex case of the calcareous sponge Leucosolenia complicata % Porifera: Calcarea): hidden diversity in Boreal and Arctic regions with description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="24D0A5F825B6DB55739196D85DD43131">Lavrov, Andrey</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1E7EAEDC5DB179D64565E9E6B6F668B5">Ekimova, Irina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AAD0294476C2E19182BA243852D8C845">Schepetov, Dimitry</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0033A882D0FFCCE46DAFB0F6449B3956">Koinova, Alexandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="587E020CDE4E1A6C0B43E6B9E197F5EE">Ereskovsky, Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="D32FD0502B6A0661F0CDBC23F77DBBFD">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="039D223DFFA8FFFFFF68FA406245FE46" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11265601" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11265601" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D223DFFA8FFFFFF68FA406245FE46" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D223DFFA8FFFFFF68FA406245FE46" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="888" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">
<subSubSection id="C32EC0A0FFA8FFFBFF68FA4065B2FA3E" box="[222,654,1472,1499]" pageId="8" pageNumber="884" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFA8FFFBFF68FA4065B2FA3E" blockId="8.[222,654,1472,1499]" box="[222,654,1472,1499]" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">
<heading id="D0C32447FFA8FFFBFF68FA4065B2FA3E" box="[222,654,1472,1499]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="884" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFA8FFFBFF68FA4065B2FA3E" ID-CoL="6PTPB" authority="(Montagu, 1814)" baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1814" box="[222,654,1472,1499]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="8" pageNumber="884" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="complicata">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFA8FFFBFF68FA4065B2FA3E" bold="true" box="[222,654,1472,1499]" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFA8FFFBFF68FA4066EDFA3F" bold="true" box="[222,465,1472,1499]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">Leucosolenia complicata</emphasis>
(Montagu, 1814)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32EC0A0FFA8FFFBFEE4FA706529F9DD" pageId="8" pageNumber="884" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFA8FFFBFEE4FA706526F9EE" blockId="8.[338,538,1520,1546]" box="[338,538,1520,1546]" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">
<heading id="D0C32447FFA8FFFBFEE4FA706526F9EE" box="[338,538,1520,1546]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="884" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFA8FFFBFEE4FA706526F9EE" bold="true" box="[338,538,1520,1546]" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">
(
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFA8FFFBFEEAFA70668AF9EE" box="[348,438,1520,1546]" captionStart-0="Figure 3" captionStart-1="Figure 4" captionStart-2="Figure 5" captionStart-3="Figure 6" captionStartId-0="8.[113,178,1345,1369]" captionStartId-1="9.[129,194,1184,1208]" captionStartId-2="10.[113,178,1669,1693]" captionStartId-3="11.[129,194,1122,1146]" captionTargetBox-0="[114,1458,144,1317]" captionTargetBox-1="[161,1441,144,1156]" captionTargetBox-2="[114,1458,144,1641]" captionTargetBox-3="[129,1473,144,1094]" captionTargetId-0="figure-254@8.[114,1458,144,1317]" captionTargetId-1="figure-399@9.[161,1441,144,1156]" captionTargetId-2="figure-92@10.[114,1458,144,1641]" captionTargetId-3="figure-143@11.[129,1473,144,1094]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionText-0="Figure 3. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) external morphology and skeleton. A* general morphology %WS11661); B* skeleton of oscular rim %WS11662); C* skeleton of oscular tube %WS11662); D* skeleton of cormus %WS11662). Abbreviations: c* cormus; d* diverticulum; o* osculum; or* oscular rim; ot* oscular tube." captionText-1="Figure 4. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) spicule types* scanning electron microscopy.A* curved lanceolate diactines; B* C* trichoxeas; D* triactines; E* tetractine." captionText-2="Figure 5. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) body wall structure and cell types of bordering tissues. A* B* semi-thin sections of sponge body wall; C* exopinacocyte; D* endopinacocyte; E* choanocytes; F* porocyte. Scale bars: A* 50 µm; B* 20 µm; CF* 2 µm.Abbreviations: ch* choanocytes; chd* choanoderm; en* endopinacocyte; ex* exopinacocyte; exp* exopinacoderm; f* flagellum; m* mesohyl; mv* microvilli; n* nucleus; po* porocyte." captionText-3="Figure 6. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) mesohyl cell types and symbiotic bacteria.A* sclerocyte; B* amoebocyte; C* symbiotic bacteria* morphotype 1; D* symbiotic bacteria* morphotype 2. ºcale bars:A* B* 2 µm; C* D* 0.5 µm.Abbreviations:am* amoebocytes; m* mesohyl; n* nucleus; sp* spicule." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248873" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248877" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248881" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248883" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11248873/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11248877/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/11248881/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/11248883/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">Figs 36</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6B6A690FFA8FFFBFE74FA706533F9EE" box="[450,527,1520,1546]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="11.[129,184,1248,1272]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Table 4. ºpicule dimensions of Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4BC3A3FFABFFF8FF37FB606417FB1C" pageId="8" pageNumber="884" tableUuid="DF4BC3A3FFABFFF8FF37FB606417FB1C">Table 4</tableCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFA8FFFBFFC7F9A26529F9DD" blockId="8.[113,533,1569,1593]" box="[113,533,1569,1593]" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFA8FFFBFFC7F9A267C3F9DD" box="[113,255,1569,1593]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">
<typeStatus id="548F2D89FFA8FFFBFFC7F9A2679DF9DD" box="[113,161,1570,1593]" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">Type</typeStatus>
material:
</emphasis>
Not known* probably lost.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32EC0A0FFA8FFFBFFC7F9D16567F885" pageId="8" pageNumber="884" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFA8FFFBFFC7F9D1658BF98D" blockId="8.[113,695,1616,1641]" box="[113,695,1616,1641]" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">
<materialsCitation id="3B5C9976FFA8FFFBFFC7F9D1659AF98D" box="[113,678,1616,1641]" location="Montagu" municipality="British Isles" pageId="8" pageNumber="884" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Devon" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFA8FFFBFFC7F9D167C8F98C" box="[113,244,1616,1640]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">
<typeStatus id="548F2D89FFA8FFFBFFC7F9D1679DF98C" box="[113,161,1617,1640]" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEF0951FFA8FFFBFF48F9D0664EF98C" box="[254,370,1616,1640]" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">British Isles</collectingMunicipality>
*
<collectingRegion id="49F05DC9FFA8FFFBFE36F9D166F9F98C" box="[384,453,1617,1640]" country="United Kingdom" name="Devon" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">Devon</collectingRegion>
coast %
<location id="8EEBC5F0FFA8FFFBFDB9F9D16551F98D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D223DFFA8FFFFFF68FA406245FE46:8EEBC5F0FFA8FFFBFDB9F9D16551F98D" box="[527,621,1617,1641]" municipality="British Isles" name="Montagu" pageId="8" pageNumber="884" stateProvince="Devon">Montagu</location>
1818
</materialsCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFA8FFFBFFC7F90D6567F885" blockId="8.[113,762,1677,1889]" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFA8FFFBFFC7F90D6625F941" box="[113,281,1677,1701]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">Material studied:</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D3258A2FFA8FFFBFE91F90D66EAF941" box="[295,470,1677,1701]" count="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="884" type="generic">Three specimens</specimenCount>
. Molecular data—
<specimenCount id="9D3258A2FFA8FFFBFD22F90D6786F920" count="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="884" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
%WS11661* WS11662* WS11663)* external morphology—
<specimenCount id="9D3258A2FFA8FFFBFF70F94C6649F900" box="[198,373,1740,1764]" count="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="884" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
%WS11661* WS11662* WS11663)
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFA8FFFBFD46F94C67FAF8E7" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="8" pageNumber="884" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="skeleton">* skeleton</taxonomicName>
organization—
<specimenCount id="9D3258A2FFA8FFFBFEC5F96B6534F8E7" box="[371,520,1771,1795]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="884" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
%WS11662)* spicules %SEM)—
<materialsCitation id="3B5C9976FFA8FFFBFF60F88A6619F8A6" collectionCode="TEM" pageId="8" pageNumber="884" specimenCount="3">
<specimenCount id="9D3258A2FFA8FFFBFF60F88A66BCF8C6" box="[214,384,1802,1826]" count="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="884" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
%WS11661* WS11662* WS11663)* cytology %
<collectionCode id="ED250BEEFFA8FFFBFF59F8AA6619F8A6" box="[239,293,1834,1858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">TEM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
)—
<specimenCount id="9D3258A2FFA8FFFBFEF0F8AA66CAF8A6" box="[326,502,1834,1858]" count="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="884" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
%WS11661* WS11662* WS11663) %Supporting Information* Table S1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32EC0A0FFA8FFFFFFC7F8026245FE46" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="888" pageId="8" pageNumber="884" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFA8FFFBFFC7F80263C9F9FC" blockId="8.[113,763,1922,1978]" lastBlockId="8.[810,1459,1473,1560]" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFA8FFFBFFC7F8026676F87E" box="[113,330,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">External morphology:</emphasis>
Cormus more or less spherical* bearing multiple* erect* oscular tubes with short* lateral diverticula in basal part %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFA8FFFBFC17FA4164D0FA3D" box="[929,1004,1473,1497]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[113,178,1345,1369]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1317]" captionTargetId="figure-254@8.[114,1458,144,1317]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) external morphology and skeleton. A* general morphology %WS11661); B* skeleton of oscular rim %WS11662); C* skeleton of oscular tube %WS11662); D* skeleton of cormus %WS11662). Abbreviations: c* cormus; d* diverticulum; o* osculum; or* oscular rim; ot* oscular tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248873/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Prominent perioscular spicular crown absent %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFA8FFFBFCD3FA606497FA1C" box="[869,939,1504,1528]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[113,178,1345,1369]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1317]" captionTargetId="figure-254@8.[114,1458,144,1317]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) external morphology and skeleton. A* general morphology %WS11661); B* skeleton of oscular rim %WS11662); C* skeleton of oscular tube %WS11662); D* skeleton of cormus %WS11662). Abbreviations: c* cormus; d* diverticulum; o* osculum; or* oscular rim; ot* oscular tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248873/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Surface minutely hispid. Coloration of living and preserved specimens greyish white %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFA8FFFBFB2AFA7F63D8F9FC" box="[1180,1252,1535,1560]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[113,178,1345,1369]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1317]" captionTargetId="figure-254@8.[114,1458,144,1317]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) external morphology and skeleton. A* general morphology %WS11661); B* skeleton of oscular rim %WS11662); C* skeleton of oscular tube %WS11662); D* skeleton of cormus %WS11662). Abbreviations: c* cormus; d* diverticulum; o* osculum; or* oscular rim; ot* oscular tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248873/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFA8FFFBFC9CF9A96215F8F9" blockId="8.[810,1459,1577,1915]" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFA8FFFBFC9CF9A96443F9A5" box="[810,895,1577,1601]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">Spicules:</emphasis>
Diactines %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFA8FFFBFBB2F9A9634CF9A6" box="[1028,1136,1577,1602]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1184,1208]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1156]" captionTargetId="figure-399@9.[161,1441,144,1156]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) spicule types* scanning electron microscopy.A* curved lanceolate diactines; B* C* trichoxeas; D* triactines; E* tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248877/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">Fig. 4AC</figureCitation>
). Two populations: %i) curved lanceolate diactines %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFA8FFFBFBBAF9C96366F985" box="[1036,1114,1609,1633]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1184,1208]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1156]" captionTargetId="figure-399@9.[161,1441,144,1156]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) spicule types* scanning electron microscopy.A* curved lanceolate diactines; B* C* trichoxeas; D* triactines; E* tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248877/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
)* mean length 263.7 µm* mean width 9.5 µm %
<tableCitation id="C6B6A690FFA8FFFBFC76F9E86337F964" box="[960,1035,1640,1664]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="11.[129,184,1248,1272]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Table 4. ºpicule dimensions of Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4BC3A3FFABFFF8FF37FB606417FB1C" pageId="8" pageNumber="884" tableUuid="DF4BC3A3FFABFFF8FF37FB606417FB1C">Table 4</tableCitation>
)* slightly curved* smooth* with lanceolate outer tip* variable in length and %ii) trichoxeas %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFA8FFFBFAACF907625FF944" box="[1306,1379,1671,1696]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1184,1208]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1156]" captionTargetId="figure-399@9.[161,1441,144,1156]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) spicule types* scanning electron microscopy.A* curved lanceolate diactines; B* C* trichoxeas; D* triactines; E* tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248877/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
)* mean length 127.3 µm* mean width 2.4 µm %
<tableCitation id="C6B6A690FFA8FFFBFB75F927622CF95B" box="[1219,1296,1703,1727]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="11.[129,184,1248,1272]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Table 4. ºpicule dimensions of Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4BC3A3FFABFFF8FF37FB606417FB1C" pageId="8" pageNumber="884" tableUuid="DF4BC3A3FFABFFF8FF37FB606417FB1C">Table 4</tableCitation>
)* thin* straight* narrowing toward outer end* both ends pointed* not lance-shaped. Numerous irregularly distributed spines* number and size of spines decrease toward inner end %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFA8FFFBFB79F8856224F8F9" box="[1231,1304,1797,1821]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1184,1208]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1156]" captionTargetId="figure-399@9.[161,1441,144,1156]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) spicule types* scanning electron microscopy.A* curved lanceolate diactines; B* C* trichoxeas; D* triactines; E* tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248877/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFA8FFFAFCF3F8A46646FADF" blockId="8.[810,1459,1577,1915]" lastBlockId="9.[129,778,1284,1559]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="885" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">
Triactines %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFA8FFFBFC74F8A4632FF8D8" box="[962,1043,1828,1852]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1184,1208]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1156]" captionTargetId="figure-399@9.[161,1441,144,1156]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) spicule types* scanning electron microscopy.A* curved lanceolate diactines; B* C* trichoxeas; D* triactines; E* tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248877/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="884">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
). Predominantly parasagittal V-shaped %mean angle 125.7°)* with unpaired actines usually longer than paired %mean length: 113.5 µm—unpaired* 94.9 µm—paired) %
<tableCitation id="C6B6A690FFA8FFFBFC83F80264B8F87E" box="[821,900,1922,1946]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="11.[129,184,1248,1272]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Table 4. ºpicule dimensions of Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4BC3A3FFABFFF8FF37FB606417FB1C" pageId="8" pageNumber="884" tableUuid="DF4BC3A3FFABFFF8FF37FB606417FB1C">Table 4</tableCitation>
)* but equal and shorter unpaired actines also occur. Unpaired actines usually slightly slender than paired %mean width: 6.3 µm—unpaired* 6.8 µm—paired) %
<tableCitation id="C6B6A690FFA9FFFAFDFCFA8465A8FAF8" box="[586,660,1284,1308]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="11.[129,184,1248,1272]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Table 4. ºpicule dimensions of Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4BC3A3FFABFFF8FF37FB606417FB1C" pageId="9" pageNumber="885" tableUuid="DF4BC3A3FFABFFF8FF37FB606417FB1C">Table 4</tableCitation>
). T-shaped sagittal triactines absent.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4BC3A3FFA9FFFAFF37FB2066DFFB30" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248877" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11248877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248877/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="885" startId="9.[129,194,1184,1208]" targetBox="[161,1441,144,1156]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFA9FFFAFF37FB2066DFFB30" blockId="9.[129,1373,1184,1236]" pageId="9" pageNumber="885">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFA9FFFAFF37FB2067E4FB5C" bold="true" box="[129,216,1184,1208]" pageId="9" pageNumber="885">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFA9FFFAFF6BFB206524FB5C" authority="% Montagu" authorityName="Montagu" box="[221,536,1184,1208]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="9" pageNumber="885" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="complicata">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFA9FFFAFF6BFB20668AFB5C" box="[221,438,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="885">Leucosolenia complicata</emphasis>
%Montagu
</taxonomicName>
* 1814) spicule types* scanning electron microscopy. A* curved lanceolate diactines; B* C* trichoxeas; D* triactines; E* tetractine.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFA9FFFAFF2AFAC366EAF9F3" blockId="9.[129,778,1284,1559]" pageId="9" pageNumber="885">
Tetractines %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFA9FFFAFE95FAC36652FABF" box="[291,366,1347,1371]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1184,1208]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1156]" captionTargetId="figure-399@9.[161,1441,144,1156]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) spicule types* scanning electron microscopy.A* curved lanceolate diactines; B* C* trichoxeas; D* triactines; E* tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248877/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="885">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). Predominantly parasagittal V-shaped %mean angle 123.5°). Unpaired actines usually longer than paired* rarely equal %mean length: 109.3 µm—unpaired* 93.9 µm—paired* 23.8 µm—apical) %
<tableCitation id="C6B6A690FFA9FFFAFE65FA21651CFA5D" box="[467,544,1441,1465]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="11.[129,184,1248,1272]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Table 4. ºpicule dimensions of Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4BC3A3FFABFFF8FF37FB606417FB1C" pageId="9" pageNumber="885" tableUuid="DF4BC3A3FFABFFF8FF37FB606417FB1C">Table 4</tableCitation>
). Paired and unpaired actines equal in width* apical actine more slender %mean width: 6.7 µm—unpaired* 6.9 µm—paired* 5.3 µm—apical) %
<tableCitation id="C6B6A690FFA9FFFAFD18FA5F65C5FA1C" box="[686,761,1503,1528]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="11.[129,184,1248,1272]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Table 4. ºpicule dimensions of Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4BC3A3FFABFFF8FF37FB606417FB1C" pageId="9" pageNumber="885" tableUuid="DF4BC3A3FFABFFF8FF37FB606417FB1C">Table 4</tableCitation>
). Apical actine curved and smooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFA9FFFAFF37F9C165DBF8B0" blockId="9.[128,778,1601,1876]" pageId="9" pageNumber="885">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFA9FFFAFF37F9C167EAF9BD" box="[129,214,1601,1625]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="885">
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFA9FFFAFF37F9C167EDF9BD" box="[129,209,1601,1625]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="9" pageNumber="885" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="skeleton">Skeleton</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
Skeleton of both oscular and cormus tubes predominantly formed by tetractines; triactines quite rare %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFA9FFFAFDEDF9E0659DF99C" box="[603,673,1632,1656]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[113,178,1345,1369]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1317]" captionTargetId="figure-254@8.[114,1458,144,1317]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) external morphology and skeleton. A* general morphology %WS11661); B* skeleton of oscular rim %WS11662); C* skeleton of oscular tube %WS11662); D* skeleton of cormus %WS11662). Abbreviations: c* cormus; d* diverticulum; o* osculum; or* oscular rim; ot* oscular tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248873/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="885">Fig.3C</figureCitation>
* D). In oscular tubes* spicules constitute organized array with their unpaired actines directed toward cormus and oriented more or less in parallel to proximo-distal axis of oscular tube %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFA9FFFAFDB5F93E6570F932" box="[515,588,1726,1750]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[113,178,1345,1369]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1317]" captionTargetId="figure-254@8.[114,1458,144,1317]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) external morphology and skeleton. A* general morphology %WS11661); B* skeleton of oscular rim %WS11662); C* skeleton of oscular tube %WS11662); D* skeleton of cormus %WS11662). Abbreviations: c* cormus; d* diverticulum; o* osculum; or* oscular rim; ot* oscular tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248873/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="885">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). In cormus tubes* spicule array less organized %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFA9FFFAFE17F95D66D7F911" box="[417,491,1757,1781]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[113,178,1345,1369]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1317]" captionTargetId="figure-254@8.[114,1458,144,1317]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) external morphology and skeleton. A* general morphology %WS11661); B* skeleton of oscular rim %WS11662); C* skeleton of oscular tube %WS11662); D* skeleton of cormus %WS11662). Abbreviations: c* cormus; d* diverticulum; o* osculum; or* oscular rim; ot* oscular tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248873/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="885">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
). Lanceolate diactines cover tubes surface* orienting in different directions and extending outside by lance-shaped tip. Trichoxeas sparsely distributed on outer surface. No prominent spicular crown on oscular rim %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFA9FFFAFD25F8BB65EAF8B7" box="[659,726,1851,1875]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[113,178,1345,1369]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1317]" captionTargetId="figure-254@8.[114,1458,144,1317]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) external morphology and skeleton. A* general morphology %WS11661); B* skeleton of oscular rim %WS11662); C* skeleton of oscular tube %WS11662); D* skeleton of cormus %WS11662). Abbreviations: c* cormus; d* diverticulum; o* osculum; or* oscular rim; ot* oscular tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248873/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="885">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFA9FFFAFF36F8F564DAFA9D" blockId="9.[128,777,1909,1964]" lastBlockId="9.[825,1475,1284,1903]" pageId="9" pageNumber="885">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFA9FFFAFF36F8F567E2F869" box="[128,222,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="885">Cytology:</emphasis>
Body wall* 69 µm thick* three layers: exopinacoderm* loose mesohyl* and choanoderm %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFA9FFFAFDB3F8146564F848" box="[517,600,1940,1964]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[113,178,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1641]" captionTargetId="figure-92@10.[114,1458,144,1641]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) body wall structure and cell types of bordering tissues. A* B* semi-thin sections of sponge body wall; C* exopinacocyte; D* endopinacocyte; E* choanocytes; F* porocyte. Scale bars: A* 50 µm; B* 20 µm; CF* 2 µm.Abbreviations: ch* choanocytes; chd* choanoderm; en* endopinacocyte; ex* exopinacocyte; exp* exopinacoderm; f* flagellum; m* mesohyl; mv* microvilli; n* nucleus; po* porocyte." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248881/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="885">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
* B; Supporting Information* Table S2). Flat endopinacocytes located in only distal part of oscular tube %oscular ring) replacing choanocytes. Inhalant pores scattered throughout exopinacoderm* except the oscular ring area.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFA9FFFAFCE3FA016281F9F3" blockId="9.[825,1475,1284,1903]" pageId="9" pageNumber="885">
Exopinacocytes non-flagellated T-shaped* rarely flat %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFA9FFFAFA2AFA016464FA5C" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[113,178,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1641]" captionTargetId="figure-92@10.[114,1458,144,1641]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) body wall structure and cell types of bordering tissues. A* B* semi-thin sections of sponge body wall; C* exopinacocyte; D* endopinacocyte; E* choanocytes; F* porocyte. Scale bars: A* 50 µm; B* 20 µm; CF* 2 µm.Abbreviations: ch* choanocytes; chd* choanoderm; en* endopinacocyte; ex* exopinacocyte; exp* exopinacoderm; f* flagellum; m* mesohyl; mv* microvilli; n* nucleus; po* porocyte." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248881/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="885">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
). External surface covered by glycocalyx. Cell body %height 4.8 µm* width 2.8 µm)* containing nucleus %diameter 2.2 µm)* submersed in mesohyl %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFA9FFFAFB9DFA5F6348FA13" box="[1067,1140,1503,1527]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[113,178,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1641]" captionTargetId="figure-92@10.[114,1458,144,1641]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) body wall structure and cell types of bordering tissues. A* B* semi-thin sections of sponge body wall; C* exopinacocyte; D* endopinacocyte; E* choanocytes; F* porocyte. Scale bars: A* 50 µm; B* 20 µm; CF* 2 µm.Abbreviations: ch* choanocytes; chd* choanoderm; en* endopinacocyte; ex* exopinacocyte; exp* exopinacoderm; f* flagellum; m* mesohyl; mv* microvilli; n* nucleus; po* porocyte." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248881/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="885">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
). Cytoplasm with specific spherical electron-dense inclusions %0.30.4 µm diameter) %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFA9FFFAFAD5FA7F6290F9F2" box="[1379,1452,1534,1559]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[113,178,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1641]" captionTargetId="figure-92@10.[114,1458,144,1641]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) body wall structure and cell types of bordering tissues. A* B* semi-thin sections of sponge body wall; C* exopinacocyte; D* endopinacocyte; E* choanocytes; F* porocyte. Scale bars: A* 50 µm; B* 20 µm; CF* 2 µm.Abbreviations: ch* choanocytes; chd* choanoderm; en* endopinacocyte; ex* exopinacocyte; exp* exopinacoderm; f* flagellum; m* mesohyl; mv* microvilli; n* nucleus; po* porocyte." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248881/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="885">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFA9FFFAFCE3F99E6262F970" blockId="9.[825,1475,1284,1903]" pageId="9" pageNumber="885">
Endopinacocytes non-flagellated flat cells* size 2030 µm × 22.5 µm %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFA9FFFAFBB2F9BD6361F9B1" box="[1028,1117,1597,1621]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[113,178,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1641]" captionTargetId="figure-92@10.[114,1458,144,1641]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) body wall structure and cell types of bordering tissues. A* B* semi-thin sections of sponge body wall; C* exopinacocyte; D* endopinacocyte; E* choanocytes; F* porocyte. Scale bars: A* 50 µm; B* 20 µm; CF* 2 µm.Abbreviations: ch* choanocytes; chd* choanoderm; en* endopinacocyte; ex* exopinacocyte; exp* exopinacoderm; f* flagellum; m* mesohyl; mv* microvilli; n* nucleus; po* porocyte." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248881/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="885">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
). External surface covered by glycocalyx. Nucleus %2.4 × 1.8 µm) oval with or without nucleolus. Cytoplasm without specific inclusions %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFA9FFFAFAB4F9FC6271F970" box="[1282,1357,1660,1684]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[113,178,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1641]" captionTargetId="figure-92@10.[114,1458,144,1641]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) body wall structure and cell types of bordering tissues. A* B* semi-thin sections of sponge body wall; C* exopinacocyte; D* endopinacocyte; E* choanocytes; F* porocyte. Scale bars: A* 50 µm; B* 20 µm; CF* 2 µm.Abbreviations: ch* choanocytes; chd* choanoderm; en* endopinacocyte; ex* exopinacocyte; exp* exopinacoderm; f* flagellum; m* mesohyl; mv* microvilli; n* nucleus; po* porocyte." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248881/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="885">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFA9FFFAFCE3F91B64A7F8D5" blockId="9.[825,1475,1284,1903]" pageId="9" pageNumber="885">
Choanocytes flagellated trapeziform or prismatic %height 6 µm* width 3.7 µm) %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFA9FFFAFBBFF93B636CF936" box="[1033,1104,1722,1747]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[113,178,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1641]" captionTargetId="figure-92@10.[114,1458,144,1641]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) body wall structure and cell types of bordering tissues. A* B* semi-thin sections of sponge body wall; C* exopinacocyte; D* endopinacocyte; E* choanocytes; F* porocyte. Scale bars: A* 50 µm; B* 20 µm; CF* 2 µm.Abbreviations: ch* choanocytes; chd* choanoderm; en* endopinacocyte; ex* exopinacocyte; exp* exopinacoderm; f* flagellum; m* mesohyl; mv* microvilli; n* nucleus; po* porocyte." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248881/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="885">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
). Flagellum surrounded by collar of microvilli. Characteristic pyriform nucleus %diameter 2.3 µm) in apical position. Cytoplasm with phagosomes and small vacuoles %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFA9FFFAFCF2F89864B6F8D4" box="[836,906,1816,1840]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[113,178,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1641]" captionTargetId="figure-92@10.[114,1458,144,1641]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) body wall structure and cell types of bordering tissues. A* B* semi-thin sections of sponge body wall; C* exopinacocyte; D* endopinacocyte; E* choanocytes; F* porocyte. Scale bars: A* 50 µm; B* 20 µm; CF* 2 µm.Abbreviations: ch* choanocytes; chd* choanoderm; en* endopinacocyte; ex* exopinacocyte; exp* exopinacoderm; f* flagellum; m* mesohyl; mv* microvilli; n* nucleus; po* porocyte." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248881/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="885">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFA9FFFAFCE3F8B862FEF88B" blockId="9.[825,1475,1284,1903]" pageId="9" pageNumber="885">
Porocytes tubular cylindrical %height 4.5 µm* width 2 µm)* connecting external milieu with choanocyte tube %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFA9FFFAFAFDF8D762A9F88B" box="[1355,1429,1879,1903]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[113,178,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1641]" captionTargetId="figure-92@10.[114,1458,144,1641]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) body wall structure and cell types of bordering tissues. A* B* semi-thin sections of sponge body wall; C* exopinacocyte; D* endopinacocyte; E* choanocytes; F* porocyte. Scale bars: A* 50 µm; B* 20 µm; CF* 2 µm.Abbreviations: ch* choanocytes; chd* choanoderm; en* endopinacocyte; ex* exopinacocyte; exp* exopinacoderm; f* flagellum; m* mesohyl; mv* microvilli; n* nucleus; po* porocyte." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248881/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="885">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
* F).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFA9FFFAFC8FF8F66293F84A" blockId="9.[825,1474,1910,1966]" pageId="9" pageNumber="885">
Nucleus oval to spherical* diameter 1.8 µm* sometimes with nucleolus. Cytoplasm with phagosomes and small vacuoles %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFA9FFFAFAECF81662A2F84A" box="[1370,1438,1942,1966]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[113,178,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1641]" captionTargetId="figure-92@10.[114,1458,144,1641]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) body wall structure and cell types of bordering tissues. A* B* semi-thin sections of sponge body wall; C* exopinacocyte; D* endopinacocyte; E* choanocytes; F* porocyte. Scale bars: A* 50 µm; B* 20 µm; CF* 2 µm.Abbreviations: ch* choanocytes; chd* choanoderm; en* endopinacocyte; ex* exopinacocyte; exp* exopinacoderm; f* flagellum; m* mesohyl; mv* microvilli; n* nucleus; po* porocyte." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248881/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="885">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4BC3A3FFAAFFF9FFC7F905667EF916" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248881" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11248881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248881/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="886" startId="10.[113,178,1669,1693]" targetBox="[114,1458,144,1641]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFAAFFF9FFC7F905667EF916" blockId="10.[113,1432,1669,1778]" pageId="10" pageNumber="886">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFAAFFF9FFC7F90567F4F979" bold="true" box="[113,200,1669,1693]" pageId="10" pageNumber="886">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFAAFFF9FF7BF9056535F979" authority="% Montagu" authorityName="Montagu" box="[205,521,1669,1693]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="10" pageNumber="886" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="complicata">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFAAFFF9FF7BF905669AF979" box="[205,422,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="886">Leucosolenia complicata</emphasis>
%Montagu
</taxonomicName>
* 1814) body wall structure and cell types of bordering tissues. A* B* semi-thin sections of sponge body wall; C* exopinacocyte; D* endopinacocyte; E* choanocytes; F* porocyte. Scale bars: A* 50 µm; B* 20 µm; CF* 2 µm. Abbreviations: ch* choanocytes; chd* choanoderm; en* endopinacocyte; ex* exopinacocyte; exp* exopinacoderm; f* flagellum; m* mesohyl; mv* microvilli; n* nucleus; po* porocyte.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFAAFFF9FF3BF8A16678F852" blockId="10.[113,762,1825,1912]" lastBlockId="10.[113,762,1919,1974]" pageId="10" pageNumber="886">
Sclerocytes amoeboid* size 4 µm × 2 µm %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFAAFFF9FDF5F8A165B2F8DD" box="[579,654,1825,1849]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[129,194,1122,1146]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1094]" captionTargetId="figure-143@11.[129,1473,144,1094]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) mesohyl cell types and symbiotic bacteria.A* sclerocyte; B* amoebocyte; C* symbiotic bacteria* morphotype 1; D* symbiotic bacteria* morphotype 2. ºcale bars:A* B* 2 µm; C* D* 0.5 µm.Abbreviations:am* amoebocytes; m* mesohyl; n* nucleus; sp* spicule." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248883/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="886">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Nucleus usually oval or pear-shaped %diameter 1.6 µm)* containing single nucleolus. Well-developed Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Cytoplasm usually with phagosomes and/or lysosomes %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFAAFFF9FF5CF81E660FF852" box="[234,307,1950,1974]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[129,194,1122,1146]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1094]" captionTargetId="figure-143@11.[129,1473,144,1094]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) mesohyl cell types and symbiotic bacteria.A* sclerocyte; B* amoebocyte; C* symbiotic bacteria* morphotype 1; D* symbiotic bacteria* morphotype 2. ºcale bars:A* B* 2 µm; C* D* 0.5 µm.Abbreviations:am* amoebocytes; m* mesohyl; n* nucleus; sp* spicule." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248883/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="886">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFAAFFF9FCF0F8A16288F89C" blockId="10.[810,1460,1825,1912]" pageId="10" pageNumber="886">
Amoebocytes of different shape %from oval to amoeboid) without special inclusions* size 5.8 µm × 3.4 µm %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFAAFFF9FAE3F8C0629FF8BC" box="[1365,1443,1856,1880]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[129,194,1122,1146]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1094]" captionTargetId="figure-143@11.[129,1473,144,1094]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) mesohyl cell types and symbiotic bacteria.A* sclerocyte; B* amoebocyte; C* symbiotic bacteria* morphotype 1; D* symbiotic bacteria* morphotype 2. ºcale bars:A* B* 2 µm; C* D* 0.5 µm.Abbreviations:am* amoebocytes; m* mesohyl; n* nucleus; sp* spicule." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248883/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="886">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
). Nucleus spherical %diameter 2.2 µm)* sometimes with nucleolus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFAAFFF8FCF0F8FF67DCF8FD" blockId="10.[810,1460,1919,1974]" lastBlockId="11.[128,778,1730,1911]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="887" pageId="10" pageNumber="886">
Two morphotypes of bacterial symbionts in mesohyl. Morphotype 1 most abundant. Bacteria large* rod-shaped* slightly curved* diameter 0.3 µm* length 2.2 µm %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFABFFF8FD1EF94265C5F93E" box="[680,761,1730,1754]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[129,194,1122,1146]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1094]" captionTargetId="figure-143@11.[129,1473,144,1094]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) mesohyl cell types and symbiotic bacteria.A* sclerocyte; B* amoebocyte; C* symbiotic bacteria* morphotype 1; D* symbiotic bacteria* morphotype 2. ºcale bars:A* B* 2 µm; C* D* 0.5 µm.Abbreviations:am* amoebocytes; m* mesohyl; n* nucleus; sp* spicule." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248883/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
). Double-cell wall* cytoplasm transparent* nucleoid region filamentous.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4BC3A3FFABFFF8FF37FBE26692FB56" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248883" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11248883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248883/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="887" startId="11.[129,194,1122,1146]" targetBox="[129,1473,144,1094]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFABFFF8FF37FBE26692FB56" blockId="11.[129,1423,1122,1202]" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FF37FBE267E4FB9E" bold="true" box="[129,216,1122,1146]" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">Figure 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFABFFF8FF6BFBE26524FB9E" authority="% Montagu" authorityName="Montagu" box="[221,536,1122,1146]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="11" pageNumber="887" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="complicata">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FF6BFBE2668AFB9E" box="[221,438,1122,1146]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">Leucosolenia complicata</emphasis>
%Montagu
</taxonomicName>
* 1814) mesohyl cell types and symbiotic bacteria. A* sclerocyte; B* amoebocyte; C* symbiotic bacteria* morphotype 1; D* symbiotic bacteria* morphotype 2. Scale bars: A* B* 2 µm; C* D* 0.5 µm. Abbreviations: am* amoebocytes; m* mesohyl; n* nucleus; sp* spicule.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4BC3A3FFABFFF8FF37FB606417FB1C" ID-Table-UUID="DF4BC3A3FFABFFF8FF37FB606417FB1C" box="[129,811,1248,1272]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4BC3A3FFABFFF8FF37FB606417FB1C" pageId="11" pageNumber="887" startId="11.[129,184,1248,1272]" targetBox="[129,1474,1295,1681]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="11" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFABFFF8FF37FB606417FB1C" blockId="11.[129,811,1248,1272]" box="[129,811,1248,1272]" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FF37FB6067F2FB1C" bold="true" box="[129,206,1248,1272]" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">Table 4.</emphasis>
Spicule dimensions of
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFABFFF8FE1EFB6065DFFB1C" authority="% Montagu" authorityName="Montagu" box="[424,739,1248,1272]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="11" pageNumber="887" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="complicata">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FE1EFB6065BDFB1C" box="[424,641,1248,1272]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">Leucosolenia complicata</emphasis>
%Montagu
</taxonomicName>
* 1814)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFABFFF8FF37FA8F635EF975" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<table id="F934618BFFAB000CFF37FA8F62FEF975" box="[129,1474,1295,1681]" colsContinueIn="17.[129,1474,189,542]" gridcols="16" gridrows="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<tr id="35049169FFAB000CFF37FA8F62FEFAC3" box="[129,1474,1295,1319]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="887" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-14="1" rowspan-15="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76D5F815FFAB000CFF37FA8F66B6FAC3" box="[129,394,1295,1319]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FF37FA8F67F6FAC3" bold="true" box="[129,202,1295,1319]" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">Spicule</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76D5F815FFAB000CFE12FA8F6510FAC3" box="[420,556,1295,1319]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FE12FA8F651FFAC3" bold="true" box="[420,547,1295,1319]" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">Length (µm)</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76D5F815FFAB000CFCACFA8F64A0FAC3" box="[794,924,1295,1319]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FCACFA8F64ACFAC3" bold="true" box="[794,912,1295,1319]" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">Width (µm)</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76D5F815FFAB000CFBCBFA8F6239FAC3" box="[1149,1285,1295,1319]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="11" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FBCBFA8F63E4FAC3" bold="true" box="[1149,1240,1295,1319]" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">Angle (°)</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35049169FFAB000CFF37FABA62FEFAB7" box="[129,1474,1338,1363]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="887" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFE12FABA66E5FAB7" box="[420,473,1338,1363]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FE12FABB66EFFAB7" bold="true" box="[420,467,1339,1363]" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">Min.</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFE42FABA6510FAB7" box="[500,556,1338,1363]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FE42FABB6510FAB7" bold="true" box="[500,556,1339,1363]" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">Mean</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFDF1FABA6540FAB7" box="[583,636,1338,1363]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FDF1FABB6546FAB7" bold="true" box="[583,634,1339,1363]" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">Max.</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFD21FABA65FCFAB7" box="[663,704,1338,1363]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FD21FABA658AFAB6" bold="true" box="[663,694,1338,1362]" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">SD</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFD6DFABA65C3FAB7" box="[731,767,1338,1363]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FD6DFABB65D1FAB6" bold="true" box="[731,749,1339,1362]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">N</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFCACFABA6475FAB7" box="[794,841,1338,1363]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FCACFABB6475FAB7" bold="true" box="[794,841,1339,1363]" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">Min.</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFCD2FABA64A0FAB7" box="[868,924,1338,1363]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FCD2FABB64A0FAB7" bold="true" box="[868,924,1339,1363]" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">Mean</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFC01FABA64D6FAB7" box="[951,1002,1338,1363]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FC01FABB64D6FAB7" bold="true" box="[951,1002,1339,1363]" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">Max.</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFBB3FABA6318FAB7" box="[1029,1060,1338,1363]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FBB3FABA6318FAB6" bold="true" box="[1029,1060,1338,1362]" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">SD</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFB88FABA635EFAB7" box="[1086,1122,1338,1363]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FB88FABB636CFAB6" bold="true" box="[1086,1104,1339,1362]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">N</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFBCBFABA638EFAB7" box="[1149,1202,1338,1363]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FBCBFABB6391FAB7" bold="true" box="[1149,1197,1339,1363]" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">Min.</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFB7BFABA6239FAB7" box="[1229,1285,1338,1363]" gridcol="12" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FB7BFABB6239FAB7" bold="true" box="[1229,1285,1339,1363]" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">Mean</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFA96FABA6269FAB7" box="[1312,1365,1338,1363]" gridcol="13" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FA96FABB626FFAB7" bold="true" box="[1312,1363,1339,1363]" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">Max.</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFAC6FABA62B3FAB7" box="[1392,1423,1338,1363]" gridcol="14" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FAC6FABA62B3FAB6" bold="true" box="[1392,1423,1338,1362]" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">SD</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFA1CFABA62FEFAB7" box="[1450,1474,1338,1363]" gridcol="15" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FA1CFABB6280FAB6" bold="true" box="[1450,1468,1339,1362]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">N</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35049169FFAB000CFF37FAEA62FEFA67" box="[129,1474,1386,1411]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="887" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-14="1" rowspan-15="1">
<th id="76D5F815FFAB000CFF37FAEA66B6FA67" box="[129,394,1386,1411]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FF37FAEA66B6FA66" bold="true" box="[129,394,1386,1410]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">Curved lanceolate diactines</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFE12FAEA66E5FA67" box="[420,473,1386,1411]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">147.1</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFE42FAEA6510FA67" box="[500,556,1386,1411]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">263.7</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFDF1FAEA6540FA67" box="[583,636,1386,1411]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">389.3</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFD21FAEA65FCFA67" box="[663,704,1386,1411]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">58.8</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFD6DFAEA65C3FA67" box="[731,767,1386,1411]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">46</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFCACFAEA6475FA67" box="[794,841,1386,1411]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">6.6</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFCD2FAEA64A0FA67" box="[868,924,1386,1411]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">9.5</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFC01FAEA64D6FA67" box="[951,1002,1386,1411]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">14.4</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFBB3FAEA6318FA67" box="[1029,1060,1386,1411]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">1.4</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFB88FAEA635EFA67" box="[1086,1122,1386,1411]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">47</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35049169FFAB000CFF37FA0C62FEFA41" box="[129,1474,1420,1445]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="887" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-14="1" rowspan-15="1">
<th id="76D5F815FFAB000CFF37FA0C66B6FA41" box="[129,394,1420,1445]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FF37FA0C67D7FA40" bold="true" box="[129,235,1420,1444]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">Trichoxeas</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFE12FA0C66E5FA41" box="[420,473,1420,1445]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">66.0</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFE42FA0C6510FA41" box="[500,556,1420,1445]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">127.3</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFDF1FA0C6540FA41" box="[583,636,1420,1445]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">248.7</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFD21FA0C65FCFA41" box="[663,704,1420,1445]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">40.3</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFD6DFA0C65C3FA41" box="[731,767,1420,1445]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">18</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFCACFA0C6475FA41" box="[794,841,1420,1445]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">1.5</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFCD2FA0C64A0FA41" box="[868,924,1420,1445]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">2.4</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFC01FA0C64D6FA41" box="[951,1002,1420,1445]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">3.5</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFBB3FA0C6318FA41" box="[1029,1060,1420,1445]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">0.6</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFB88FA0C635EFA41" box="[1086,1122,1420,1445]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">17</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35049169FFAB000CFF37FA2E62FEFA22" box="[129,1474,1454,1478]" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<th id="76D5F815FFAB000CFF37FA2E62FEFA22" box="[129,1474,1454,1478]" colspan="16" colspanRight="15" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FF37FA2E67DEFA22" bold="true" box="[129,226,1454,1478]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">Triactines</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35049169FFAB000CFF37FA5062FEFA0C" box="[129,1474,1488,1512]" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="887" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-14="1" rowspan-15="1">
<th id="76D5F815FFAB000CFF37FA5066B6FA0C" box="[129,394,1488,1512]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FF2CFA506615FA0C" box="[154,297,1488,1512]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">Unpaired actine</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFE12FA5066E5FA0C" box="[420,473,1488,1512]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">75.3</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFE42FA506510FA0C" box="[500,556,1488,1512]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">113.5</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFDF1FA506540FA0C" box="[583,636,1488,1512]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">149.4</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFD21FA5065FCFA0C" box="[663,704,1488,1512]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">19.4</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFD6DFA5065C3FA0C" box="[731,767,1488,1512]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">40</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFCACFA506475FA0C" box="[794,841,1488,1512]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">3.7</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFCD2FA5064A0FA0C" box="[868,924,1488,1512]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">6.3</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFC01FA5064D6FA0C" box="[951,1002,1488,1512]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">10.5</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFBB3FA506318FA0C" box="[1029,1060,1488,1512]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">1.3</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFB88FA50635EFA0C" box="[1086,1122,1488,1512]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">41</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35049169FFAB000CFF37FA7262FEF9EE" box="[129,1474,1522,1546]" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<th id="76D5F815FFAB000CFF37FA7266B6F9EE" box="[129,394,1522,1546]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FF2CFA72662AF9EE" box="[154,278,1522,1546]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">Paired actines</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFE12FA7266E5F9EE" box="[420,473,1522,1546]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">62.3</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFE42FA726510F9EE" box="[500,556,1522,1546]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">94.9</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFDF1FA726540F9EE" box="[583,636,1522,1546]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">122.0</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFD21FA7265FCF9EE" box="[663,704,1522,1546]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">13.1</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFD6DFA7265C3F9EE" box="[731,767,1522,1546]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">81</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFCACFA726475F9EE" box="[794,841,1522,1546]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">4.1</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFCD2FA7264A0F9EE" box="[868,924,1522,1546]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">6.8</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFC01FA7264D6F9EE" box="[951,1002,1522,1546]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">11.8</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFBB3FA726318F9EE" box="[1029,1060,1522,1546]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">1.3</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFB88FA72635EF9EE" box="[1086,1122,1522,1546]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">81</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFBCBFA72638EF9EE" box="[1149,1202,1522,1546]" gridcol="11" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">120.4</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFB7BFA726239F9EE" box="[1229,1285,1522,1546]" gridcol="12" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">125.7</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFA96FA726269F9EE" box="[1312,1365,1522,1546]" gridcol="13" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">137.9</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFAC6FA7262B3F9EE" box="[1392,1423,1522,1546]" gridcol="14" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">4.4</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFA1CFA7262FEF9EE" box="[1450,1474,1522,1546]" gridcol="15" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">28</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35049169FFAB000CFF37F99462FEF9C8" box="[129,1474,1556,1580]" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<th id="76D5F815FFAB000CFF37F99462FEF9C8" box="[129,1474,1556,1580]" colspan="16" colspanRight="15" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FF37F99467D0F9C8" bold="true" box="[129,236,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">Tetractines</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35049169FFAB000CFF37F9B662FEF9AA" box="[129,1474,1590,1614]" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="887" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-14="1" rowspan-15="1">
<th id="76D5F815FFAB000CFF37F9B666B6F9AA" box="[129,394,1590,1614]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FF2CF9B66615F9A9" box="[154,297,1590,1614]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">Unpaired actine</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFE12F9B666E5F9AA" box="[420,473,1590,1614]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">30.6</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFE42F9B66510F9AA" box="[500,556,1590,1614]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">109.3</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFDF1F9B66540F9AA" box="[583,636,1590,1614]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">156.7</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFD21F9B665FCF9AA" box="[663,704,1590,1614]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">24.1</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFD6DF9B665C3F9AA" box="[731,767,1590,1614]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">56</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFCACF9B66475F9AA" box="[794,841,1590,1614]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">3.7</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFCD2F9B664A0F9AA" box="[868,924,1590,1614]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">6.7</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFC01F9B664D6F9AA" box="[951,1002,1590,1614]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">9.7</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFBB3F9B66318F9AA" box="[1029,1060,1590,1614]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">1.2</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFB88F9B6635EF9AA" box="[1086,1122,1590,1614]" gridcol="10" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">57</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35049169FFAB000CFF37F9D762FEF994" box="[129,1474,1623,1648]" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<th id="76D5F815FFAB000CFF37F9D766B6F994" box="[129,394,1623,1648]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FF2CF9D7662AF98B" box="[154,278,1623,1647]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">Paired actines</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFE12F9D766E5F994" box="[420,473,1623,1648]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">14.2</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFE42F9D76510F994" box="[500,556,1623,1648]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">93.7</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFDF1F9D76540F994" box="[583,636,1623,1648]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">170.2</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFD21F9D765FCF994" box="[663,704,1623,1648]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">20.4</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFD6DF9D765C3F994" box="[731,767,1623,1648]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">109</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFCACF9D76475F994" box="[794,841,1623,1648]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">3.5</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFCD2F9D764A0F994" box="[868,924,1623,1648]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">6.9</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFC01F9D764D6F994" box="[951,1002,1623,1648]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">10.0</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFBB3F9D76318F994" box="[1029,1060,1623,1648]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">1.2</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFB88F9D7635EF994" box="[1086,1122,1623,1648]" gridcol="10" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">108</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFBCBF9D7638EF994" box="[1149,1202,1623,1648]" gridcol="11" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">115.7</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFB7BF9D76239F994" box="[1229,1285,1623,1648]" gridcol="12" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">123.5</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFA96F9D76269F994" box="[1312,1365,1623,1648]" gridcol="13" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">134.0</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFAC6F9D762B3F994" box="[1392,1423,1623,1648]" gridcol="14" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">4.4</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFA1CF9D762FEF994" box="[1450,1474,1623,1648]" gridcol="15" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">53</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35049169FFAB000CFF37F9F962FEF975" box="[129,1474,1657,1681]" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="887" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-14="1" rowspan-15="1">
<th id="76D5F815FFAB000CFF37F9F966B6F975" box="[129,394,1657,1681]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FF2CF9F96632F975" box="[154,270,1657,1681]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">Apical actine</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFE12F9F966E5F975" box="[420,473,1657,1681]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">8.9</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFE42F9F96510F975" box="[500,556,1657,1681]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">23.8</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFDF1F9F96540F975" box="[583,636,1657,1681]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">49.7</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFD21F9F965FCF975" box="[663,704,1657,1681]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">11.1</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFD6DF9F965C3F975" box="[731,767,1657,1681]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">56</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFCACF9F96475F975" box="[794,841,1657,1681]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">2.0</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFCD2F9F964A0F975" box="[868,924,1657,1681]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">5.3</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFC01F9F964D6F975" box="[951,1002,1657,1681]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">10.1</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFBB3F9F96318F975" box="[1029,1060,1657,1681]" gridcol="9" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">1.4</td>
<td id="76D5F815FFAB000CFB88F9F9635EF975" box="[1086,1122,1657,1681]" gridcol="10" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">57</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFABFFF8FF2AF8A066CDF893" blockId="11.[128,778,1730,1911]" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
Morphotype 2 rare. Bacteria rod-shaped* diameter 0.18 µm* length 1.2 µm %
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFABFFF8FE99F8C06643F8BC" box="[303,383,1856,1880]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[129,194,1122,1146]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1094]" captionTargetId="figure-143@11.[129,1473,144,1094]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Leucosolenia complicata %Montagu* 1814) mesohyl cell types and symbiotic bacteria.A* sclerocyte; B* amoebocyte; C* symbiotic bacteria* morphotype 1; D* symbiotic bacteria* morphotype 2. ºcale bars:A* B* 2 µm; C* D* 0.5 µm.Abbreviations:am* amoebocytes; m* mesohyl; n* nucleus; sp* spicule." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248883/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
). Double-cell wall* cytoplasm transparent* nucleoid region filamentous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFABFFF8FF36F80E6359F91E" blockId="11.[128,777,1934,1990]" lastBlockId="11.[825,1474,1730,1786]" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FF36F80E67C2F842" box="[128,254,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">Distribution:</emphasis>
Boreal species. Molecular species identity confirmed for specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F323D3BBFFABFFF8FE0EF82E66C1F821" box="[440,509,1966,1989]" name="France" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">France</collectingCountry>
%Roscoff). Live in low intertidal and subtidal zones up to
<quantity id="4CCC3ECEFFABFFF8FB18F94363D9F93E" box="[1198,1253,1731,1755]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="887" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
depth* on rocks and kelps %Borojevic et al.* 1968).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFABFFF8FC8FF8896295F8A4" blockId="11.[825,1474,1801,1857]" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FC8FF88964FFF8C5" box="[825,963,1801,1825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">Reproduction:</emphasis>
The specimens collected in
<date id="FF8AB5EBFFABFFF8FAB1F889629FF8C5" box="[1287,1443,1801,1825]" pageId="11" pageNumber="887" value="2017-02">
February
<quantity id="4CCC3ECEFFABFFF8FAD9F889629FF8C5" box="[1391,1443,1801,1825]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.12318" pageId="11" pageNumber="887" unit="in" value="2017.0">2017</quantity>
</date>
in Roscoff contained oocytes at the early stages of development.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFABFFFFFC8FF8D065B4FD1F" blockId="11.[825,1474,1872,1928]" lastBlockId="12.[113,763,175,1922]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="888" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFABFFF8FC8FF8D063BAF88C" box="[825,1158,1872,1896]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">
Remarks:
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFABFFF8FC28F8D063BAF88C" box="[926,1158,1872,1896]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="11" pageNumber="887" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="complicata">Leucosolenia complicata</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
was one of the most undoubted species described in the 19th century. According to our data* it
<pageTitle id="CBAB4B4CFFABFFF8FC8FF80E62FEF822" pageId="11" pageNumber="887">shows stable internal characters and easily diagnosable external features* i.e. erect multiply oscular tubes extending from the</pageTitle>
small cormus. The species identity and validity of
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFDC1FF1165C6FF4C" box="[631,762,144,168]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="complicata">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFDC1FF1165C6FF4C" box="[631,762,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">L. complicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are strongly supported by our molecular data as well. It represents a distinct monophyletic lineage on all phylogenetic trees* and
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFF2BFF6F678DFEE2" box="[157,177,239,262]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">p-</emphasis>
distance values to other
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFE11FF6E654DFEE2" box="[423,625,238,262]" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFE11FF6E651FFEE2" box="[423,547,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">Leucosolenia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are very high %more than 5% in LSU and 3.8% in SSU). Extensively studied morphology allows clarification of the species diagnosis* which varied from author to author %Haeckel 1872* Minchin 1904* Jones 1954* Rapp 2015): small cormus* erect multiple oscular tubes* two populations of diactines %curved lanceolate diactines and small trichoxea)* parasagittal tri- and tetractines with predominately longer unpaired actines
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFE6CFE496503FE05" box="[474,575,457,481]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="skeleton">* skeleton</taxonomicName>
of tubes predominately formed by tetractines.
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFE06FE6965A2FDE5" box="[432,670,489,513]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="complicata">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFE06FE6965A2FDE5" box="[432,670,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">Leucosolenia complicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily differentiated from other
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFE27FD886559FDC4" box="[401,613,520,544]" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFE27FD886531FDC4" box="[401,525,520,544]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">Leucosolenia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
%
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFDC9FD8867F6FDDB" authorityName="% Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFDC9FD8867F6FDDB" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">Leucosolenia variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
*
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFF61FDA8660BFDDB" box="[215,311,552,575]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="somesii">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFF61FDA8660BFDDB" box="[215,311,552,575]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">L. somesii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
* and others) in these traits. In addition* the mesohyl cell composition of
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFE25FDC76528FDBA" box="[403,532,582,606]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="complicata">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFE25FDC76528FDBA" box="[403,532,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">L. complicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very poor compared to other studied
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFEAFFDE666DBFD9A" box="[281,487,614,638]" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFEAFFDE666A9FD9A" box="[281,405,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">Leucosolenia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
: the mesohyl contains only sclerocytes and amoebocytes %Supporting Information* Table S2). The composition of symbiotic bacteria %two morphotypes of rod-shaped bacteria) differs in
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFE10FD456514FD38" box="[422,552,708,732]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="complicata">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFE10FD456514FD38" box="[422,552,708,732]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">L. complicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFDD2FD4565C6FD38" box="[612,762,708,732]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corallorrhiza">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFDD2FD4565C6FD38" box="[612,762,708,732]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">L. corallorrhiza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFF2BFD646633FD1F" authorityName="% Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[157,271,739,763]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFF2BFD646633FD1F" box="[157,271,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">L. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
%Supporting Information* Table S2).
</paragraph>
<subSection id="E2BB8AC0FFACFFFFFFC7FFCA6607FFBB" box="[113,315,74,96]" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFACFFFFFFC7FFCA6607FFBB" blockId="12.[113,315,74,96]" box="[113,315,74,96]" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">
<heading id="D0C32447FFACFFFFFFC7FFCA6607FFBB" box="[113,315,74,96]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFFC7FFCA678BFF84" bold="true" box="[113,183,74,96]" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">888 •</emphasis>
Lavrov
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFEA4FFCB6607FFBB" box="[274,315,74,96]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">et al.</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSection>
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFACFFFFFF3BFC826501FA48" blockId="12.[113,763,175,1922]" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">
Although the type material of this species is not available* if it ever existed* we studied spicule slides from Minchins type collections %
<collectionCode id="ED250BEEFFACFFFFFF4DFCC1667FFCBD" box="[251,323,833,857]" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">BMNH</collectionCode>
1910.1.1.415a and BNMH 1910.1.1.435. Aa). They are listed as the type material of
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFD84FCE1658AFC9C" box="[562,694,864,888]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="complicata">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFD84FCE1658AFC9C" box="[562,694,864,888]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">L. complicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the
<collectionCode id="ED250BEEFFACFFFFFFC7FC0067FCFC73" box="[113,192,896,919]" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">BMNH</collectionCode>
collection. These slides contain handwritten information on the corresponding paragraphs in Minchin %1904) with relevant collection information %slides nos. 1* 2; Minchin 1904: 372). Accordingly* both slides appeared from Canon Normanss Collection. The specimen
<collectionCode id="ED250BEEFFACFFFFFE34FC7E66EDFBF1" box="[386,465,1022,1045]" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">BMNH</collectionCode>
1910.1.1.415a was collected at Scarborough %the North Sea) by Bean and sent to Haeckel for examination. The specimen BNMH 1910.1.1.435.Aa was collected at the
<collectingCountry id="F323D3BBFFACFFFFFE95FBDB66BAFB97" box="[291,390,1115,1139]" name="Guernsey" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">Guernsey</collectingCountry>
Islands %the English Channel) by J. Bowerbank and probably represents a
<typeStatus id="548F2D89FFACFFFFFD92FBFB6549FB77" box="[548,629,1147,1171]" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFD28FBFA6677FB56" authority="% Bowerbank" authorityName="Bowerbank" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Ascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="contorta">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFD28FBFA67FEFB55" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">Ascandra contorta</emphasis>
%Bowerbank
</taxonomicName>
* 1866). According to Minchin %1904)* this slide contains an admixture of
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFE53FB3A6556FB35" box="[485,618,1209,1233]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="complicata">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFE53FB3A6556FB35" box="[485,618,1209,1233]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">L. complicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spicules with
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFFC7FB5967DBFB14" box="[113,231,1241,1264]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFFC7FB5967DFFB14" box="[113,227,1241,1264]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Ascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="contorta">A. contorta</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
All this indicates that slides
<collectionCode id="ED250BEEFFACFFFFFDA4FB59655DFB14" box="[530,609,1241,1264]" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">BMNH</collectionCode>
1910.1.1.415a and BNMH 1910.1.1.435.Aa are not the type material of
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFD50FB7867E6FACB" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="complicata">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFD50FB7867E6FACB" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">L. complicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
* and the label type probably refers to the Minchins type collection* which contained most typical specimens. Since no type material exists* the designation of
<typeStatus id="548F2D89FFACFFFFFD8EFAD665B0FA8A" box="[568,652,1366,1390]" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
is needed once the material from the type locality %British Isles* Devon coast) becomes available for molecular study.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFACFFFFFF3BFA346507F8E0" blockId="12.[113,763,175,1922]" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFF3BFA3466ADFA28" authority="Haeckel" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[141,401,1460,1484]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Ascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pinus">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFF3BFA346613FA2F" box="[141,303,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">Ascandra pinus</emphasis>
Haeckel
</taxonomicName>
* 1872 and
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFD9EFA3465C6FA28" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1869" box="[552,762,1460,1484]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fabricii">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFD9EFA3465C6FA28" box="[552,762,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">Leucosolenia fabricii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Schmidt* 1869 are regarded herein as minor synonyms.
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFD28FA536799F9EE" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Ascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pinus">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFD28FA536799F9EE" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">Ascandra pinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks small trichoxeas* which were most probably overlooked by Haeckel %Minchin 1904)* and in
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFD99F99265C8F9CE" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1869" box="[559,756,1554,1578]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fabricii">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFD99F99265C8F9CE" box="[559,756,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">Leucosolenia fabricii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
* the skeleton is formed mostly by triactines* which was considered intraspecific variation by many authors %Minchin 1904*
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5EEDAFFACFFFFFFC7F9F067CAF963" author="Burton" box="[113,246,1647,1671]" firstAuthor="Burton" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" refId="ref22951" refString="Burton M. A Revision of the Classification of the Calcareous Sponges. With a Catalogue of the Specimens in the British Museum (Natural History). London: W. Clowes and ºons Ltd * 1963." type="book" year="1963">Burton 1963</bibRefCitation>
* Rapp 2015). However* our data show that these characters may be regarded as diagnostic interspecific features* as shown for the
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFEADF92F66B0F922" authorityName="% Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[283,396,1710,1734]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFEADF92F66B0F922" box="[283,396,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">L. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex %see below); therefore* both of these species names should be taken into account for future research on European
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFE0CF96D650AF8E1" box="[442,566,1773,1797]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFE0CF96D650AF8E1" box="[442,566,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">Leucosolenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFACFFFFFF3BF88C6245FE46" blockId="12.[113,763,175,1922]" lastBlockId="12.[810,1460,175,419]" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">
Our data also suggest the absence of
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFE4EF88D6544F8C0" box="[504,632,1804,1828]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="complicata">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFE4EF88D6544F8C0" box="[504,632,1804,1828]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">L. complicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the White Sea. In works by Breitfuss %1898a)* three
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFDB2F8AB65FAF8A7" box="[516,710,1835,1859]" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFDB2F8AB6547F8A7" box="[516,635,1835,1859]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">Leucosolenia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
were found at different localities in the White Sea and are described under the names
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFE84F8EA657BF866" authority="Haeckel" authorityName="% Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[306,583,1898,1922]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Ascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFE84F8EA66D2F866" box="[306,494,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">Ascandra variabilis</emphasis>
Haeckel
</taxonomicName>
* 1872*
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFD17F8EA65C7F866" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[673,763,1898,1922]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Ascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFD17F8EA65C7F866" box="[673,763,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">Ascandra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<pageTitle id="CBAB4B4CFFACFFFFFFC7F80A65C6F825" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFFC7F80A6783F845" box="[113,191,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">contorta</emphasis>
%Bowerbank* 1866)* and
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFE56F80965B4F845" box="[480,648,1929,1953]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">Ascandra fabricii</emphasis>
%Schmidt* 1869). Minchin %1904) later considered the latter two species sensu
</pageTitle>
Breitfuss %1898a) as minor synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFB78FF0F628FFF43" box="[1230,1459,143,167]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="complicata">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFB78FF0F628FFF43" box="[1230,1459,143,167]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">Leucosolenia complicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to external morphological characters* while spicular characters were ignored in most cases. However*
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFB79FF4E64BCFEE1" authority="sensu Breitfuss" authorityName="Breitfuss" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Ascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="contorta">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFB79FF4E628FFF02" box="[1231,1459,206,230]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">Ascandra contorta sensu</emphasis>
Breitfuss
</taxonomicName>
%1898a) possesses tri- and tetractines with short* unpaired actines* which is most likely a diagnostic feature for
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFA8BFE8D6288FEC1" box="[1341,1460,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFA8BFE8D628DFEC1" authorityName="% Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[1341,1457,269,293]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Ascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="variabilis">L. variabilis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Due to the absence of
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFACFFFFFBB2FEAD63BEFEA0" box="[1028,1154,300,324]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="12" pageNumber="888" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="complicata">
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFACFFFFFBB2FEAD63BEFEA0" box="[1028,1154,300,324]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="888">L. complicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in our material from the White Sea* and uncertainties in previous research* more material is required from different localities in the White and Barents Seas to clarify the distribution ranges of this species in Arctic waters.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>