578 lines
78 KiB
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578 lines
78 KiB
XML
<document id="439DDCC7E578FBD19C3C6E10D9A54D92" ID-CLB-Dataset="9574" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4272127" ID-GBIF-Dataset="724cb358-6f18-4816-afc7-bb42cb9b6942" ID-ISSN="0374-1036" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4272127" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1605298182318" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Lackner, Tomáš" docDate="2010" docId="0385915EFFAB091660B7FEF4CCB3FCED" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaEntMusNatPra.50.suppl.1-254.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (suppl.) 50" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CE2601992B79F4B08764287CD82450D1.3:ActaEntMusNatPra.2010-2016.monograph" docStyleId="CE2601992B79F4B08764287CD82450D1" docStyleName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2010-2016.monograph" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Saprininae Blanchard 1845" docType="treatment" docVersion="16" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FFBCE926FF9709296157FFE7CE2AFFFE" masterDocTitle="Review of the Palaearctic genera of Saprininae (Coleoptera: Histeridae)" masterLastPageNumber="254" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1698846217483" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="1C8120BD7C2A0AFA83447D2AF92D8E07">Review of the Palaearctic genera of Saprininae (Coleoptera: Histeridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5122F10E63434F336D0D4F3CA15C5AFD">Lackner, Tomáš</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E299D611B03BF42F0C3F4A0474DDC239">Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0FF13E2D8F9F2F9400155D4556647F1F">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="D5C155AD4E4079FE907BA7989F4A20D0">suppl.</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="C28B01A96AA289812BF367E74819B16F">2010-10-20</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="9E1E22A545AD8F031B3093EC610004FA" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.4272127</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0385915EFFAB091660B7FEF4CCB3FCED" ID-GBIF-Taxon="169092652" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0385915EFFAB091660B7FEF4CCB3FCED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0385915EFFAB091660B7FEF4CCB3FCED" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="60" pageNumber="57">
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<subSubSection id="C33673C3FFAB091560B7FEF4CD37FED5" box="[480,797,275,300]" pageId="60" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B932048FFAB091560B7FEF4CD37FED5" blockId="60.[480,797,275,300]" box="[480,797,275,300]" pageId="60" pageNumber="57">
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<heading id="D0DB9724FFAB091560B7FEF4CD37FED5" bold="true" box="[480,797,275,300]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="60" pageNumber="57" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFAB091560B7FEF4CD37FED5" ID-CoL="628MV" authority="Blanchard, 1845" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[480,797,275,300]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Saprininae">
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<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFAB091560B7FEF4CD37FED5" bold="true" box="[480,797,275,300]" pageId="60" pageNumber="57">
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Saprininae
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFAB09156334FEF3CD37FED5" author="BLANCHARD E." box="[611,797,275,300]" pageId="60" pageNumber="57" refId="ref112854" refString="BLANCHARD E. 1845: Histoire des insectes, traitant de leurs moeurs et de leurs metamorphoses en general, et comprenant une nouvelle classification fondee sur leurs rapports naturels. Vol. 1, Hymenopteres et Coleopteres. Didot, Paris, v + 396 pp." type="book" year="1845">Blanchard, 1845</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33673C3FFAB091561C0FEDECF57FE99" pageId="60" pageNumber="57" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B932048FFAB091561C0FEDECCBDFEB2" blockId="60.[151,663,313,413]" box="[151,663,313,333]" pageId="60" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFAB091561C0FEDECFAFFEB2" ID-CoL="628MV" authority="Blanchard, 1845" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[151,389,313,332]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Saprininae">
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Saprininae
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFAB091561AFFEDECFAFFEB2" author="BLANCHARD E." box="[248,389,313,332]" pageId="60" pageNumber="57" refId="ref112854" refString="BLANCHARD E. 1845: Histoire des insectes, traitant de leurs moeurs et de leurs metamorphoses en general, et comprenant une nouvelle classification fondee sur leurs rapports naturels. Vol. 1, Hymenopteres et Coleopteres. Didot, Paris, v + 396 pp." type="book" year="1845">Blanchard, 1845</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(as Saprinites
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFAB09156354FEDECCBBFEB2" author="BLANCHARD E." box="[515,657,313,332]" pageId="60" pageNumber="57" refId="ref112854" refString="BLANCHARD E. 1845: Histoire des insectes, traitant de leurs moeurs et de leurs metamorphoses en general, et comprenant une nouvelle classification fondee sur leurs rapports naturels. Vol. 1, Hymenopteres et Coleopteres. Didot, Paris, v + 396 pp." type="book" year="1845">Blanchard, 1845</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B932048FFAB091561C0FEB3CF57FE99" blockId="60.[151,663,313,413]" box="[151,381,340,360]" pageId="60" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFAB091561C0FEB3CEDCFE99" ID-CoL="628MV" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[151,246,340,359]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Saprininae">Saprininae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFAB091561A9FEB2CF57FE99" author="FOWLER W. W." box="[254,381,340,360]" pageId="60" pageNumber="57" refId="ref114720" refString="FOWLER W. W. 1912: General introduction and Cicindelidae and Paussidae. In: SHIPLEY A. E. (ed.): The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Taylor and Francis, London, xx + 529 pp." type="book" year="1912">FOWLER (1912)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33673C3FFAB091561C0FE88CFF9FE63" pageId="60" pageNumber="57" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B932048FFAB091561C0FE88CCBCFE7C" blockId="60.[151,663,313,413]" box="[151,662,367,386]" pageId="60" pageNumber="57">
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Myrmetini
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFAB091561AFFE88CF52FE7C" author="PORTEVIN G." box="[248,376,367,386]" pageId="60" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 649" refId="ref120017" refString="PORTEVIN G. 1929: Histoire naturelle de Coleopteres de France. Tome I. Adephaga. Polyphaga: Staphylinoidea. Encyclopedie d'Entomologie, Serie A 12: i-x + 1 - 649." type="book chapter" year="1929">Portevin, 1929</bibRefCitation>
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. Synonymized by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFAB09156342FE88CCBBFE7C" author="MAZUR S." box="[533,657,367,386]" pageId="60" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 376" refId="ref118519" refString="MAZUR S. 1984: A world catalogue of Histeridae. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 54 (3 - 4): 1 - 376." type="journal article" year="1984">MAZUR (1984)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B932048FFAB091561C0FE6ECFF9FE63" blockId="60.[151,663,313,413]" box="[151,467,393,413]" pageId="60" pageNumber="57">
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Saprinini:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFAB091561A6FE6DCFF9FE63" author="YELAMOS T. & FERRER J." box="[241,467,394,413]" pageId="60" pageNumber="57" pagination="159 - 199" refId="ref122803" refString="YELAMOS T. & FERRER J. 1988: Catalogo preliminar de los histeridos de la fauna Ibero-Balear (Coleoptera, Histeridae). Graellsia 44: 159 - 199." type="journal article" year="1988">YÉLAMOS & FERRER (1988)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33673C3FFAB091461C0FE52CCB8FC0D" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="60" pageNumber="57" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B932048FFAB091561C0FE52CC03FDB3" blockId="60.[151,1127,437,1549]" pageId="60" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFAB091561C0FE52CF26FE33" bold="true" box="[151,268,437,461]" pageId="60" pageNumber="57">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Small to moderately sized beetles (PEL: 1.4–10.0 mm). Body oval, roundly oval, rarely elongate oval, usually convex to very convex, at times slightly flattened dorsally, or strongly vaulted ventrally. Cuticle often metallic, sometimes without metallic luster, usually brown, brown-red, black, at times light brown. Elytra occasionally with red, orange or yellow patches, maculae or transverse bands.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B932048FFAB091561C0FDB3CA20FCB3" blockId="60.[151,1127,437,1549]" pageId="60" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFAB091561C0FDB3CEF8FD93" bold="true" box="[151,210,596,621]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="57">Head</emphasis>
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prognathous, much shorter than pronotum and well retractable. Frontal stria usually well developed, in some cases interrupted (at times prolonged onto clypeus) or entirely absent; supraorbital stria usually present, sometimes elevated above eyes, occasionally absent; occipital stria usually present. Antennal insertion located on lateral edge of frontal disc between eye and base of mandible. Antennal scape and flagellum differ in chaetotaxy, but generally similar within the subfamily. The most variation is found in the eighth antennomere, which can be saucer-like or cupuliform in some sand-dwelling forms. Antennal club with specialized sensory organ in form of vesicles, sensory areas, slit-like pits or their combination.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B932048FFAB091561E2FCB2CFABFBF3" blockId="60.[151,1127,437,1549]" pageId="60" pageNumber="57">
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Labrum in most cases with two labral pits, each with one (rarely) or two setae, occasionally these pits and setae absent. Mandibles usually punctate, short and stout, sub-apical tooth usually well developed; prostheca very narrow.
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<collectingRegion id="49E8EEAAFFAB0915633BFC72CCECFC52" box="[620,710,917,940]" country="Myanmar" name="Chin" pageId="60" pageNumber="57">Mentum</collectingRegion>
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with setae, in most cases sub-trapezoid or rectangular, usually with small notch in middle of anterior margin. Terminal labial and maxillary palpomeres in most species with palpal organ. Lacinia of maxilla in most taxa without lacinial hook.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B932048FFAB091561C0FBF3CD97FAD3" blockId="60.[151,1127,437,1549]" pageId="60" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFAB091561C0FBF3CF17FBD3" bold="true" box="[151,317,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="57">Dorsal surface.</emphasis>
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Pronotum and elytra usually variously punctate, only rarely smooth; ‘mirrors’ may be present on pronotum and elytra if punctation is extremely coarse and dense (degree of coarseness and density of punctation is expressed by a comparison of puncture diameter with interspaces between punctures; interspaces between punctures sometimes imbricate or substrigulate). Pronotum always, at least in anterior corners, with marginal pronotal stria that can be interrupted anteriorly; lateral pronotal stria rarely also present. Pronotum often with pronotal foveae, rarely with bulges; pre-scutellar depression often present; pronotal hypomeron often setose. Elytral epipleuron usually with punctures, marginal epipleural stria almost always present, sutural elytral stria in most cases present, usually complete.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B932048FFAB091561E2FAD2CA1AF9F3" blockId="60.[151,1127,437,1549]" pageId="60" pageNumber="57">Elytra usually punctate; inner subhumeral stria almost universally present, outer subhumeral stria often absent, if present then usually very short; humeral stria almost always present, in many cases vague, surface around it often with fine oblique rugae; elytra with four (rarely five) dorsal striae, almost never reaching elytral apex. Dorsal striae can be reduced down to two, often intermittent. Sutural elytral stria almost universally present and usually basally connected with fourth dorsal elytral stria. Propygidium in most cases punctate, short, transverse, often partly covered by elytra. Pygidium well developed, usually punctate, rarely with sulci.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B932048FFAA09146126FF3DCDA7FE6D" blockId="61.[113,1089,218,1012]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFAA09146126FF3DCF09FF0A" bold="true" box="[113,291,218,244]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFAA09146126FF3DCF31FF0D" bold="true" box="[113,283,218,243]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Ventral surface</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Anterior lobe of prosternum absent; antennal cavities open, not covered by prosternal ‘alae’, lying next and usually encroaching upon prosternal process, sometimes outer lateral costa of antennal groove distinctly reaching prosternal process. Prosternum usually with two pairs of striae, carinal and lateral, their configuration and/or presence being important in genera determination. Pre-apical foveae of prosternum present in many genera, sometimes united by a transverse sulcus; prosternal process rarely with median fovea.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B932048FFAA091461C7FE7CCDCAFDED" blockId="61.[113,1089,218,1012]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Mesoventrite usually wider than long, in littoral taxa as long as wide, usually with marginal stria, often covered with punctation. Metaventrite in males often with a longitudinal depression, often punctate, at least laterally, basal area of metaventrite occasionally with two bulges. Pronotal hypomeron, pleura and sterna often with variously long vestiture.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B932048FFAA09146126FDFBCA39FD6D" blockId="61.[113,1089,218,1012]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFAA09146126FDFBCE81FDCD" bold="true" box="[113,171,540,563]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Legs.</emphasis>
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Protibia usually dilated, outer margin with denticles or teeth topped with denticle; anteri- or margin dorsally in most cases with a distinct apical protibial spur that can be variously long. Posterior surface of protibia smooth or with wrinkles, denticles, punctures or combination of these. Protarsomeres 1–4 of males with one or two leaf-like translucent modified setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B932048FFAA091461C7FD7CCD0BFCED" blockId="61.[113,1089,218,1012]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Mesotibia and metatibia in most cases slender, sometimes expanded, outer margin with denticles, or seldom with teeth topped with denticle; some psammophilous taxa with separately extended ventro-lateral part. Hind legs of some littoral species strongly thickened. Meso- and metatarsi with variously bent and long claws; empodium absent.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B932048FFAA09146126FCFDCCB8FC0D" blockId="61.[113,1089,218,1012]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFAA09146126FCFDCEF4FCCD" bold="true" box="[113,222,794,819]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Genitalia.</emphasis>
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Male genitalia with shape and chaetotaxy of the eighth tergite and sternite are greatly variable within subfamily, providing important characters for species identification; the ninth tergite is occasionally divided longitudinally; spiculum gastrale (the ninth sternite) in most cases dilated on both ends; aedeagus usually with fused parameres along the entire length, only sporadically parameres separated from base. Aedeagus tube-like, median lobe little sclerotized; basal piece present, uniform, usually short. Female genitalia as described in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFAA091461DAFC3DCF09FC0A" author="OHARA M." box="[141,291,986,1012]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 238" refId="ref119358" refString="OHARA M. 1994: A revision of the superfamily Histeroidea of Japan (Coleoptera). Insecta Matsumurana (N. S.) 51: 1 - 238." type="journal article" year="1994">ÔHARA (1994)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFAA09146001FC06CCA4FC0D" author="DE MARZO L. & VIENNA P." box="[342,654,987,1012]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54" pagination="163 - 179" refId="ref114218" refString="DE MARZO L. & VIENNA P. 1982 b: Studio morfologico della spermateca in Coleotteri Isteridi, con particolare attenzione alla tribu Saprinini. Entomologica 17: 163 - 179." type="journal article" year="1982">
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DE MARZO &
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<collectingRegion id="49E8EEAAFFAA091460B4FC3BCC1AFC0C" box="[483,560,988,1011]" country="Austria" name="Wien" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">VIENNA</collectingRegion>
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(1982b)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33673C3FFAA09166126FBEDCCB3FCED" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="61" pageNumber="54" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8B932048FFAA09146126FBEDCD57FABD" blockId="61.[113,1090,1034,1571]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFAA09146126FBEDCFA2FBDC" bold="true" box="[113,392,1034,1059]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Biology and distribution.</emphasis>
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Subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFAA091460A8FBECCC5AFBDD" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[511,624,1035,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Saprininae">Saprininae</taxonomicName>
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contains about 620 described species worldwide (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFAA091461E5FBCCCF17FBBD" author="MAZUR S." box="[178,317,1067,1091]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 373" refId="ref118633" refString="MAZUR S. 1997: A world catalogue of the Histeridae (Coleoptera: Histeridae). Genus, Supplement, pp. 1 - 373." type="book chapter" year="1997">MAZUR 1997</bibRefCitation>
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), occurring in all geographic regions, except for the Antarctic and Arctic. The Palaearctic Region harbors approximately 270 described species (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFAA09146223FBACCA28FB9D" author="MAZUR S." box="[884,1026,1099,1123]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 373" refId="ref118633" refString="MAZUR S. 1997: A world catalogue of the Histeridae (Coleoptera: Histeridae). Genus, Supplement, pp. 1 - 373." type="book chapter" year="1997">MAZUR 1997</bibRefCitation>
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). The most genus- and species-level diversity, including many endemic genera and species, seems to be found in the desert regions of Central Asia (especially in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B60D8FFAA09146254FB6CCDBDFB5D" box="[771,919,1163,1187]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B60D8FFAA0914629EFB6CCA6BFB5D" box="[969,1089,1163,1187]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and to a lesser extent also in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B60D8FFAA091460FFFB4CCC0CFB3D" box="[424,550,1195,1219]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and Sahara (to a lesser extent also in the Arabian Peninsula). Each continent has its own unique lineages. For example, the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFAA09146287FB2BCA6BFB1D" authorityName="Lewis" authorityYear="1907" box="[976,1089,1228,1251]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Euspilotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFAA09146287FB2BCA6BFB1D" box="[976,1089,1228,1251]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Euspilotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is particularly species-rich in South America but almost absent from the Palaearctic Region, while the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFAA09146070FAEBCF94FADD" authorityName="Bickhardt" authorityYear="1914" box="[295,446,1292,1315]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFAA09146070FAEBCF94FADD" box="[295,446,1292,1315]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is almost entirely absent from the Nearctic or Neotropical Regions and very species-rich in the Palaearctic or Afrotropical Regions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B932048FFAA091461C7FAACCA3AF9DD" blockId="61.[113,1090,1034,1571]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFAA091461EAFAACCF04FA9D" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[189,302,1355,1379]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Saprininae">Saprininae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are most abundant in arid places, where they are often found on carrion or in dung. Only rarely they inhabit more mesic habitats such as forests. They are most commonly found at lower altitudes up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD48DADFFAA091460E1FA6DCC23FA5C" box="[438,521,1418,1442]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="61" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
|
||
, but some are known to reach high mountains (more than
|
||
<quantity id="4CD48DADFFAA091461F3FA4DCEDEFA3D" box="[164,244,1450,1475]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="61" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="3500.0">3500 m</quantity>
|
||
) as well. For example,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFAA091460B5FA4BCD86FA3D" authority="Reitter, 1909" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1909" box="[482,940,1451,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Saprinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stussineri" subGenus="Saprinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFAA091460B5FA4BCC6AFA3D" box="[482,576,1452,1475]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Saprinus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFAA09146319FA4BCC86FA3D" box="[590,684,1452,1475]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Saprinus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFAA091463EDFA4BCD35FA3D" box="[698,799,1452,1475]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">stussineri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFAA09146273FA4CCD86FA3D" author="REITTER E." box="[804,940,1451,1475]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54" refId="ref120554" refString="REITTER E. 1909: Fauna Germanica. Die Kafer des Deutschen Reiches. Nach den analytischen Methode bearbeitet. II Band. Schriften des Deutschen Lehrervereins fur Naturkunde. Vol. 24. K. G. Lutz, Stuttgart, 392 pp." type="book" year="1909">Reitter, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is often found at elevations above
|
||
<quantity id="4CD48DADFFAA09146016FA2DCFB9FA1C" box="[321,403,1482,1506]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="61" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFAA091460CAFA2BCDBAFA1D" authority="Reichardt, 1930" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1930" box="[413,912,1483,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Saprinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pamiricus" subGenus="Saprinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFAA091460CAFA2BCFD6FA1D" box="[413,508,1484,1507]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Saprinus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFAA0914635DFA2BCC43FA1D" box="[522,617,1484,1507]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Saprinus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFAA09146320FA2BCCC8FA1D" box="[631,738,1484,1507]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">pamiricus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFAA091463B0FA2CCDBAFA1D" author="REICHARDT A." box="[743,912,1483,1507]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54" pagination="285 - 304" refId="ref120298" refString="REICHARDT A. 1930: De Histeridis (Coleoptera) novis faunae palaearcticae. Annuaire du Musee Zoologique 30: 285 - 304." type="journal article" year="1930">Reichardt, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lives at altitudes above
|
||
<quantity id="4CD48DADFFAA091461E2FA0CCF2EF9FC" box="[181,260,1515,1539]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="61" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="2800.0">2800 m</quantity>
|
||
(KRYZHANOVSKIY & REICHARDT 1976), and several species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFAA0914622CFA0BCA22F9FD" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[891,1032,1516,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Paravolvulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFAA0914622CFA0BCA22F9FD" box="[891,1032,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Paravolvulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were found at almost
|
||
<quantity id="4CD48DADFFAA09146049F9ECCF45F9DC" box="[286,367,1547,1571]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
|
||
in the vicinity of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E8EEAAFFAA0914637AF9ECCC44F9DD" box="[557,622,1547,1571]" country="Afghanistan" name="Kabul" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Kabul</collectingRegion>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B60D8FFAA091463C7F9ECCD38F9DD" box="[656,786,1547,1571]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="61" pageNumber="54">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFAA09146276F9ECCA29F9DD" author="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L." box="[801,1027,1547,1571]" pageId="61" pageNumber="54" pagination="24 - 38" refId="ref117012" refString="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. 1987: Novye i maloizvestnye palearkticheskie taksony podsemeystva Saprininae (Coleoptera Histeridae). [New and poorly known Palaearctic taxa of the subfamily Saprininae (Coleoptera Histeridae)]. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 164: 24 - 38 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1987">KRYZHANOVSKIJ 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B932048FFA9091761E2FF3CCD78FDCD" blockId="62.[151,1127,219,1588]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA9091761BFFF3CCF70FF0D" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[232,346,219,243]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Saprininae">Saprininae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are typically predators of soft-bodied larvae and eggs of flies or other arthropods. However, according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA909176340FF1BCCF2FEEA" author="REICHARDT A." box="[535,728,252,276]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" refId="ref120382" refString="REICHARDT A. 1941: Semeystva Sphaeritidae i Histeridae (Vol. 1). [Families Sphaeritidae and Histeridae]. Fauna SSSR, Nasekomye Zhestokrylye, V, 3. Nauka, Moskva-Leningrad, xiii + 419 pp." type="book" year="1941">REICHARDT (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, some species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA90917655FFF1ACA4DFEEA" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1834" box="[1032,1127,253,276]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Saprinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA90917655FFF1ACA4DFEEA" box="[1032,1127,253,276]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Saprinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
capture adult flies on dung.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA90917609AFEFBCC91FECD" author="CARLTON C. E. & LESCHEN R. A. B. & KOVARIK P. W." box="[461,699,283,308]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" pagination="154" refId="ref113225" refString="CARLTON C. E., LESCHEN R. A. B. & KOVARIK P. W. 1996: Adult blow fly predation in a Chilean Euspilotus (Coleoptera: Histeridae). Coleopterists Bulletin 50: 154." type="journal article" year="1996">CARLTON et al. (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported similar behavior of the South American
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA90917605EFEDACD11FEAA" authority="(Erichson, 1834)" baseAuthorityName="Erichson" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[265,827,315,340]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Euspilotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisignatus" subGenus="Euspilotus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA90917605EFEDACF50FEAA" box="[265,378,317,340]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Euspilotus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA9091760DCFEDACFD6FEAA" box="[395,508,317,340]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Euspilotus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA90917635AFEDACC51FEAA" box="[525,635,317,340]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">bisignatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA9091763DCFEDCCD1EFEAA" author="ERICHSON W. F." box="[651,820,315,340]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" pagination="83 - 208" refId="ref114365" refString="ERICHSON W. F. 1834: Uebersich der Histeroides der Sammlung. Pp. 83 - 208. In: KLUG J. C. F.: Jahrbucher der Insectenkunde mit besonderer Rucksicht auf die Sammlung in Konigl. Museum in Berlin. Erster Band. Enslin, Berlin, viii + 296 pp." type="book chapter" year="1834">Erichson, 1834</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which eats heads of living flies after having captured them. Some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA9091763E5FEBACD3BFE8A" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1834" box="[690,785,349,372]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Saprinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA9091763E5FEBACD3BFE8A" box="[690,785,349,372]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Saprinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are attracted to fetid fragrances emitted by the blooming flowers (for details see THÉROND 1931,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA90917620CFE9BCA26FE6A" author="REICHARDT A." box="[859,1036,380,404]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" refId="ref120382" refString="REICHARDT A. 1941: Semeystva Sphaeritidae i Histeridae (Vol. 1). [Families Sphaeritidae and Histeridae]. Fauna SSSR, Nasekomye Zhestokrylye, V, 3. Nauka, Moskva-Leningrad, xiii + 419 pp." type="book" year="1941">REICHARDT 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA90917654EFE9BCEE6FE4A" author="VIENNA P." pageId="62" pageNumber="59" refId="ref122194" refString="VIENNA P. 1980: Fauna d'Italia. Vol. XVI. Coleoptera Histeridae. Bologna, Calderini Press, ix + 386 pp." type="book" year="1980">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E8EEAAFFA90917654EFE9BCA4CFE6C" box="[1049,1126,380,403]" country="Austria" name="Wien" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">VIENNA</collectingRegion>
|
||
1980
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA909176054FE7BCC00FE4D" author="KOVARIK P. W. & CATERINO M. S." box="[259,554,411,436]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" pagination="190 - 222" refId="ref116595" refString="KOVARIK P. W. & CATERINO M. S. 2005: Histeridae Gyllenhal, 1808. Pp. 190 - 222. In: BEUTEL R. G. & LESCHEN R. A. B. (eds.): Handbook of Zoology. Part 38, Coleoptera, Vol. 1: Morphology and Systematics. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 578 pp." type="book chapter" year="2005">KOVARIK & CATERINO 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA909176394FE7ACA4DFE4A" authority="(Schmidt, 1894)" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[707,1127,411,436]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Chalcionellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hauseri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA909176394FE7ACD9AFE4A" box="[707,944,413,436]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Chalcionellus hauseri</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA9091762E8FE7CCA75FE4A" author="SCHMIDT J." box="[959,1119,411,436]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" pagination="17 - 74" refId="ref121064" refString="SCHMIDT J. 1894: Histeridae aus Turkestan. In: HAUSER F.: Beitrag zur Coleopteren-Fauna von Transcaspien und Turkestan. Zusammengestelt unter Mitwirkung der Herren Dr. Eppelsheim, Escherich, Faust, Dr. von Heyden, Kuwert, Reitter und Weise. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1894: 17 - 74." type="journal article" year="1894">Schmidt, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA909176191FE5ACC7AFE2A" authority="(Reitter, 1904)" baseAuthorityName="Reitter" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[198,592,443,468]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Paravolvulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="syphax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA909176191FE5ACF8DFE2A" box="[198,423,445,468]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Paravolvulus syphax</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA9091760E0FE5CCC62FE2A" author="REITTER E." box="[439,584,443,468]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" pagination="29 - 36" refId="ref120480" refString="REITTER E. 1904: Ueber neue und wenig bekannte Histeriden (Coleoptera). Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 23: 29 - 36." type="journal article" year="1904">Reitter, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
develop in the drying stalks of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA9091762F8FE5ACA34FE2A" box="[943,1054,445,468]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Cystanche" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA9091762F8FE5ACA34FE2A" box="[943,1054,445,468]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Cystanche</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA9091761C8FE3BCF65FE0A" author="REICHARDT A." box="[159,335,476,500]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" refId="ref120382" refString="REICHARDT A. 1941: Semeystva Sphaeritidae i Histeridae (Vol. 1). [Families Sphaeritidae and Histeridae]. Fauna SSSR, Nasekomye Zhestokrylye, V, 3. Nauka, Moskva-Leningrad, xiii + 419 pp." type="book" year="1941">REICHARDT 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA90917600EFE3BCCE1FE0D" author="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N." box="[345,715,475,500]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" refId="ref117064" refString="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N. 1976: Zhuki Nadsemeystva Histeroidea (semeystva Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Synteliidae). [Beetles of the superfamily Histeroidea (families Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Syntelidae)]. Fauna SSSR, Zhestokrylye, Vyp. 4. Nauka, Leningrad, 434 pp (in Russian)." type="book" year="1976">KRYZHANOVSKIJ & REICHARDT 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA909176381FE3BCD9CFE0A" author="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L." box="[726,950,476,500]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" pagination="24 - 38" refId="ref117012" refString="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. 1987: Novye i maloizvestnye palearkticheskie taksony podsemeystva Saprininae (Coleoptera Histeridae). [New and poorly known Palaearctic taxa of the subfamily Saprininae (Coleoptera Histeridae)]. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 164: 24 - 38 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1987">KRYZHANOVSKIJ 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, KOVARIK & CA- TERINO 2005). Several species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA9091760A3FE1ACC79FDEA" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1834" box="[500,595,509,532]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Saprinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA9091760A3FE1ACC79FDEA" box="[500,595,509,532]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Saprinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
prey upon fly larvae that develop in rotting fungi, e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA90917619CFDFACC6CFDCA" authority="Erichson, 1839" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1839" box="[203,582,539,564]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Saprinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lautus" subGenus="Saprinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA90917619CFDFACEF5FDCA" box="[203,223,541,564]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA9091761B8FDFACF64FDCA" box="[239,334,541,564]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Saprinus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA90917600AFDFACFB4FDCA" box="[349,414,541,564]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">lautus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA9091760F2FDFCCC6CFDCA" author="ERICHSON W. F." box="[421,582,539,564]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" pagination="485 - 740" refId="ref114422" refString="ERICHSON W. F. 1839: Die Kafer der Mark Brandenburg. Erster Band. Zweite Abtheilung. F. H. Morin, Berlin, pp. 485 - 740." type="book chapter" year="1839">Erichson, 1839</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lackner, pers. observ.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B932048FFA9091761E2FDDCCCE9FC6D" blockId="62.[151,1127,219,1588]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Specialized littoral species occupy riparian habitats and are found on beaches almost throughout the world. They prey upon insect larvae that develop in the coastal wrack. Here belongs the majority of species in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA9091763E2FD9ACD1DFD6A" authorityName="C. Thomson" authorityYear="1867" box="[693,823,637,660]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA9091763E2FD9ACD1DFD6A" box="[693,823,637,660]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Hypocaccus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all species of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA9091761C0FD7ACF6DFD4A" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,327,669,692]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Baeckmanniolus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA9091761C0FD7ACF6DFD4A" box="[151,327,669,692]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Baeckmanniolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA9091760D7FD7ACC4AFD4A" box="[384,608,669,692]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA9091760D7FD7ACC76FD4A" baseAuthorityName="Lewis" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[384,604,669,692]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Eopachylopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ripae">Eopachylopus ripae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Several species of the genus
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA9091762F0FD7ACA1AFD4A" box="[935,1072,669,692]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA9091762F0FD7ACA06FD4A" authorityName="C. Thomson" authorityYear="1867" box="[935,1068,669,692]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypocaccus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA9091761C0FD5ACC59FD2A" authority="(Schmidt, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[151,627,699,724]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speculum" subGenus="Hypocaccus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA9091761C0FD5ACE98FD2A" box="[151,178,701,724]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">H.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA909176195FD5ACF6EFD2A" box="[194,324,701,724]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Hypocaccus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA909176002FD5ACF90FD2A" box="[341,442,701,724]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">speculum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA90917609EFD5CCC41FD2A" author="SCHMIDT J." box="[457,619,699,724]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" pagination="9 - 10" refId="ref120928" refString="SCHMIDT J. 1884: Drei neue europaische Histeriden. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 3: 9 - 10." type="journal article" year="1884">Schmidt, 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA909176328FD5ACA48FD2D" authority="(Marseul, 1855)" baseAuthorityName="Marseul" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[639,1122,699,724]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="specularis" subGenus="Hypocaccus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA909176328FD5ACCB0FD2A" box="[639,666,701,724]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">H.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA9091763FDFD5ACD06FD2A" box="[682,812,701,724]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Hypocaccus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA90917626AFD5ACD81FD2A" box="[829,939,701,724]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">specularis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA9091762EDFD5CCA71FD2D" author="MARSEUL S. A." box="[954,1115,699,723]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" pagination="677 - 758" refId="ref117906" refString="MARSEUL S. A. 1855: Essai monographique sur la familie des Histerides. (Suite). Annales de Societe Entomologique de France, Serie 3 3: 83 - 165, 327 - 506, 677 - 758." type="journal article" year="1855">Marseul, 1855</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA9091761C0FD3ACC54FD0D" authority="(Kryzhanovskij, 1976)" baseAuthorityName="Kryzhanovskij" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[151,638,731,756]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="axeli" subGenus="Hypocaccus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA9091761C0FD3ACE98FD0A" box="[151,178,733,756]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">H.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA909176197FD3ACF68FD0A" box="[192,322,733,756]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Hypocaccus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA909176005FD3ACFACFD0A" box="[338,390,733,756]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">axeli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA9091760C4FD3CCC5CFD0D" author="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N." box="[403,630,731,755]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" refId="ref117064" refString="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N. 1976: Zhuki Nadsemeystva Histeroidea (semeystva Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Synteliidae). [Beetles of the superfamily Histeroidea (families Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Syntelidae)]. Fauna SSSR, Zhestokrylye, Vyp. 4. Nauka, Leningrad, 434 pp (in Russian)." type="book" year="1976">Kryzhanovskij, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA9091763E7FD3ACA48FD0D" authority="(Marseul, 1862)" baseAuthorityName="Marseul" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[688,1122,731,756]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pelleti" subGenus="Hypocaccus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA9091763E7FD3ACCE1FD0A" box="[688,715,733,756]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">H.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA90917638DFD3ACD76FD0A" box="[730,860,733,756]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Hypocaccus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA90917623CFD3ACD84FD0A" box="[875,942,733,756]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">pelleti</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA9091762EBFD3CCA71FD0D" author="MARSEUL S. A." box="[956,1115,731,755]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" pagination="677 - 758" refId="ref118029" refString="MARSEUL S. A. 1862: Supplement a la monographie des Histerides. (Suite). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Serie 4 3: 83 - 165, 327 - 506, 677 - 758." type="journal article" year="1862">Marseul, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are typical inhabitants of shoals of rivers, occasionally occurring at higher altitudes; they presumably prey on fly larvae developing in organic debris (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA90917624EFCFDCD8AFCCA" author="OHARA M." box="[793,928,794,820]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 238" refId="ref119358" refString="OHARA M. 1994: A revision of the superfamily Histeroidea of Japan (Coleoptera). Insecta Matsumurana (N. S.) 51: 1 - 238." type="journal article" year="1994">ÔHARA 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA9091762FDFCFBCF6EFCAD" author="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N." pageId="62" pageNumber="59" refId="ref117064" refString="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N. 1976: Zhuki Nadsemeystva Histeroidea (semeystva Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Synteliidae). [Beetles of the superfamily Histeroidea (families Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Syntelidae)]. Fauna SSSR, Zhestokrylye, Vyp. 4. Nauka, Leningrad, 434 pp (in Russian)." type="book" year="1976">KRYZHANOVSKIJ & REICHARDT 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA90917633FFCDACCC3FCAA" authorityName="C. Thomson" authorityYear="1867" box="[616,745,829,852]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA90917633FFCDACCC3FCAA" box="[616,745,829,852]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Hypocaccus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other genera, e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA90917628FFCDACF0CFC8A" baseAuthorityName="Duftschmid" baseAuthorityYear="1805" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugiceps" subGenus="Hypocaccus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA90917628FFCDACDD9FCAA" box="[984,1011,829,852]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">H.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA9091762A8FCDACE91FC8A" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Hypocaccus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA90917619DFCBACF0CFC8A" box="[202,294,861,884]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">rugiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA90917601EFCBACC07FC8A" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1926" baseAuthorityName="Marseul" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[329,557,861,884]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Exaesiopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grossipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA90917601EFCBACC07FC8A" box="[329,557,861,884]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Exaesiopus grossipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, can be found on the seashores as well as deep inland on landlocked sandy dunes (Lackner, pers. observ.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B932048FFA9091761E2FC7CCF72FB4D" blockId="62.[151,1127,219,1588]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA9091761B3FC7CCF7CFC4D" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[228,342,923,947]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Saprininae">Saprininae</taxonomicName>
|
||
also include many specialized psammophilous species, occasionally living deep in the sand (most of the psammophilous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA9091763C7FC5CCCD4FC2D" baseAuthorityName="WENZEL" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[656,766,955,979]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Histeridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
belong to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA9091762CAFC5CCA3EFC2D" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[925,1044,955,979]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Saprininae">Saprininae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). These usually show various degrees of adaptation to the sandy conditions, often having dense vestiture on the ventral surface of the body, shovel-like protibiae and thickened and dilated meso-and metatibiae. The typical representatives of this group include all taxa in the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA9091761C0FBDACEDDFBAA" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,247,1085,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Philothis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA9091761C0FBDACEDDFBAA" box="[151,247,1085,1108]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Philothis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA909176050FBDACF8EFBAA" authorityName="Kryzhanovskij" authorityYear="1987" box="[263,420,1085,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Ctenophilothis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA909176050FBDACF8EFBAA" box="[263,420,1085,1108]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Ctenophilothis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA909176089FBDACC58FBAA" authorityName="Kryzhanovskij" authorityYear="1987" box="[478,626,1085,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Xenophilothis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA909176089FBDACC58FBAA" box="[478,626,1085,1108]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Xenophilothis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(for details on their morphology and biology see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA909176196FBBBCF6FFB8A" author="OLEXA A." box="[193,325,1116,1140]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" pagination="141 - 155" refId="ref119556" refString="OLEXA A. 1990: On the genus Philothis and related genera (Coleoptera: Histeridae). Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca 87: 141 - 155." type="journal article" year="1990">OLEXA 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA9091760ADFBBACCB3FB8A" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1924" box="[506,665,1117,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Ammostyphrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA9091760ADFBBACCB3FB8A" box="[506,665,1117,1140]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Ammostyphrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA9091763F0FBBACD6EFB8A" authorityName="Kryzhanovskij" authorityYear="1959" box="[679,836,1117,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Reichardtiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA9091763F0FBBACD6EFB8A" box="[679,836,1117,1140]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Reichardtiolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA909176205FBBACD84FB8A" authorityName="Kryzhanovskij, 1976 in KRYZHANOVSKIJ & REICHARDT" authorityYear="1976" box="[850,942,1117,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Axelinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA909176205FBBACD84FB8A" box="[850,942,1117,1140]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Axelinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA9091762EAFBBACA4AFB8A" authorityName="Kanaar" authorityYear="2008" box="[957,1120,1117,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Alienocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA9091762EAFBBACA4AFB8A" box="[957,1120,1117,1140]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Alienocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA9091761C0FB9ACF25FB6A" authorityName="Olexa" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,271,1149,1172]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Chivaenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA9091761C0FB9ACF25FB6A" box="[151,271,1149,1172]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Chivaenius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA90917601DFB9ACFDEFB6A" authorityName="Tishechkin" authorityYear="2005" box="[330,500,1149,1172]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Turanostyphrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA90917601DFB9ACFDEFB6A" box="[330,500,1149,1172]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Turanostyphrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA909176351FB9BCDACFB6D" author="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N." box="[518,902,1147,1172]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" refId="ref117064" refString="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N. 1976: Zhuki Nadsemeystva Histeroidea (semeystva Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Synteliidae). [Beetles of the superfamily Histeroidea (families Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Syntelidae)]. Fauna SSSR, Zhestokrylye, Vyp. 4. Nauka, Leningrad, 434 pp (in Russian)." type="book" year="1976">KRYZHANOVSKIJ & REICHARDT 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA9091762C3FB9BCA31FB6A" author="OLEXA A." box="[916,1051,1148,1172]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" pagination="252 - 257" refId="ref119469" refString="OLEXA A. 1980: Eine neue Gattung und Art der psammophilen Histeridae aus den Karakum-Wuste (Coleoptera). Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca 77: 252 - 257." type="journal article" year="1980">OLEXA 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1984;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA9091761C0FB7BCF67FB4D" author="TISHECHKIN A. K." box="[151,333,1179,1203]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" refId="ref122089" refString="TISHECHKIN A. K. 2005: Descriptions of new taxa of the Palaearctic Saprininae (Coleoptera: Histeridae). Pp. 347 - 355. In: KONSTANTINOV A., TISHECHKIN A. & PENEV L. (eds.): Contributions to Systematics and Biology of Beetles, Papers Celebrating the 80 th Birthday of Igor Konstantinovich Lopatin. Series Faunistica 43. Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow, 450 pp." type="book" year="2005">TISHECHKIN 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B932048FFA9091661E2FB5CCCF5FDED" blockId="62.[151,1127,219,1588]" lastBlockId="63.[113,1089,219,788]" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA9091761B1FB5CCF72FB2D" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[230,344,1211,1235]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Saprininae">Saprininae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also regular inhabitants of mammal and birds nests (for more details see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA9091761E8FB3BCFF5FB0D" author="KOVARIK P. W. & CATERINO M. S." box="[191,479,1243,1268]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" pagination="190 - 222" refId="ref116595" refString="KOVARIK P. W. & CATERINO M. S. 2005: Histeridae Gyllenhal, 1808. Pp. 190 - 222. In: BEUTEL R. G. & LESCHEN R. A. B. (eds.): Handbook of Zoology. Part 38, Coleoptera, Vol. 1: Morphology and Systematics. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 578 pp." type="book chapter" year="2005">KOVARIK & CATERINO 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A very thorough survey of species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA9091762B1FB3ACA4DFB0A" authorityName="Jacquelin-Duval" authorityYear="1858" box="[998,1127,1245,1268]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Gnathoncus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA9091762B1FB3ACA4DFB0A" box="[998,1127,1245,1268]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Gnathoncus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA909176193FB1ACF09FAEA" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1834" box="[196,291,1277,1300]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Saprinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA909176193FB1ACF09FAEA" box="[196,291,1277,1300]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Saprinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as well as other histerids) frequenting bird nests can be found in HICKS (1959: 52–64). Examples are found within the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA9091763D5FAFACD29FACA" authorityName="Jacquelin-Duval" authorityYear="1858" box="[642,771,1309,1332]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Gnathoncus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA9091763D5FAFACD29FACA" box="[642,771,1309,1332]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Gnathoncus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA909176258FAFACD98FACA" authorityName="Ross" authorityYear="1939" box="[783,946,1309,1332]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Eremosaprinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA909176258FAFACD98FACA" box="[783,946,1309,1332]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Eremosaprinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA9091762B4FAFACA4DFACA" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[995,1127,1309,1332]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Pholioxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA9091762B4FAFACA4DFACA" box="[995,1127,1309,1332]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Pholioxenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA9091761C8FADBCF7AFAAA" author="REICHARDT A." box="[159,336,1340,1364]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" refId="ref120382" refString="REICHARDT A. 1941: Semeystva Sphaeritidae i Histeridae (Vol. 1). [Families Sphaeritidae and Histeridae]. Fauna SSSR, Nasekomye Zhestokrylye, V, 3. Nauka, Moskva-Leningrad, xiii + 419 pp." type="book" year="1941">REICHARDT 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA90917600AFADBCCF9FAAD" author="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N." box="[349,723,1339,1364]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" refId="ref117064" refString="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N. 1976: Zhuki Nadsemeystva Histeroidea (semeystva Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Synteliidae). [Beetles of the superfamily Histeroidea (families Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Syntelidae)]. Fauna SSSR, Zhestokrylye, Vyp. 4. Nauka, Leningrad, 434 pp (in Russian)." type="book" year="1976">KRYZHANOVSKIJ & REICHARDT 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, OLEXA 1984). Several species of the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA9091761B2FABACF4CFA8A" authorityName="Jacquelin-Duval" authorityYear="1858" box="[229,358,1373,1396]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Gnathoncus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA9091761B2FABACF4CFA8A" box="[229,358,1373,1396]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Gnathoncus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA9091760DCFABACFC0FA8A" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1834" box="[395,490,1373,1396]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Saprinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA9091760DCFABACFC0FA8A" box="[395,490,1373,1396]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Saprinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are found in the nests of birds and occasionally on carrion, e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA90917619AFA9ACCA0FA6D" authority="(Marseul, 1862)" baseAuthorityName="Marseul" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[205,650,1403,1428]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Gnathoncus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nannetensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA90917619AFA9ACFFEFA6A" box="[205,468,1405,1428]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Gnathoncus nannetensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA9091760B3FA9CCCA9FA6D" author="MARSEUL S. A." box="[484,643,1403,1427]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" pagination="677 - 758" refId="ref118029" refString="MARSEUL S. A. 1862: Supplement a la monographie des Histerides. (Suite). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Serie 4 3: 83 - 165, 327 - 506, 677 - 758." type="journal article" year="1862">Marseul, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA909176396FA9ACEFCFA4D" authority="(Fabricius, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Saprinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneus" subGenus="Saprinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA909176396FA9ACD0AFA6A" box="[705,800,1405,1428]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Saprinus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA909176266FA9ACDBAFA6A" box="[817,912,1405,1428]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Saprinus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA9091762F6FA9ACDC1FA6A" box="[929,1003,1405,1428]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">aeneus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA9091762ACFA9CCEE7FA4D" author="FABRICIUS J. C." pageId="62" pageNumber="59" refId="ref114455" refString="FABRICIUS J. C. 1775: Systema Entomologiae, sistens Insectorum classaes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonimis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Officina Libraria Kortii, Flensburgi et Lipsiae, 32 + 832 pp." type="book" year="1775">Fabricius, 1775</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA9091761B5FA7BCC64FA4D" author="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N." box="[226,590,1435,1460]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" refId="ref117064" refString="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N. 1976: Zhuki Nadsemeystva Histeroidea (semeystva Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Synteliidae). [Beetles of the superfamily Histeroidea (families Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Syntelidae)]. Fauna SSSR, Zhestokrylye, Vyp. 4. Nauka, Leningrad, 434 pp (in Russian)." type="book" year="1976">KRYZHANOVSKIJ & REICHARDT 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Lackner, pers. observ.). This behavior can indicate that the ancestral taxon was predominantly free-living and subsequently entered the nests of mammals or birds.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA909176036FA3ACD1AFA0A" authority="(Paykull, 1809)" baseAuthorityName="Paykull" baseAuthorityYear="1809" box="[353,816,1499,1524]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Saprinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugifer" subGenus="Saprinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA909176036FA3ACFEAFA0A" box="[353,448,1501,1524]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Saprinus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA909176099FA3ACC07FA0A" box="[462,557,1501,1524]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Saprinus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA90917636CFA3ACCAFFA0A" box="[571,645,1501,1524]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">rugifer</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA9091763C5FA3CCD02FA0A" author="PAYKULL G." box="[658,808,1499,1524]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" pagination="228 - 232" refId="ref119776" refString="PAYKULL G. 1809: Beskrifning ofver fyra nya Svenska Insecter of Slagtet Hister. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps- Akademiens Handlingar 30: 228 - 232." type="journal article" year="1809">Paykull, 1809</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported to frequent the nests of Sand Martin (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA9091760C9FA1ACCCCF9ED" authority="riparia Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[414,742,1531,1556]" class="Aves" family="Hirundinidae" genus="Riparia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="riparia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA9091760C9FA1ACC17F9EA" box="[414,573,1533,1556]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Riparia riparia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA909176315FA1CCCCCF9ED" author="LINNAEUS C." box="[578,742,1531,1555]" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" refId="ref117794" refString="LINNAEUS C. 1758: Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Tomus I. Salvii, Holmiae, [4] + 832 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which presumably represent its true habitat, but is also occasionally found on dead birds or even in mole burrows (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA90916629CF9FACF3DFF0D" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Talpa" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="56" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="62" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="europea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA90917629CF9FACA4CF9CA" box="[971,1126,1565,1588]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="59">Talpa europea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA809166126FF3CCF3DFF0D" author="LINNAEUS C." box="[113,279,219,243]" pageId="63" pageNumber="56" refId="ref117794" refString="LINNAEUS C. 1758: Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Tomus I. Salvii, Holmiae, [4] + 832 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA80916607BFF3BCC8BFF0D" author="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N." box="[300,673,219,244]" pageId="63" pageNumber="56" refId="ref117064" refString="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N. 1976: Zhuki Nadsemeystva Histeroidea (semeystva Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Synteliidae). [Beetles of the superfamily Histeroidea (families Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Syntelidae)]. Fauna SSSR, Zhestokrylye, Vyp. 4. Nauka, Leningrad, 434 pp (in Russian)." type="book" year="1976">KRYZHANOVSKIJ & REICHARDT 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The sole Palaearctic representative of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA809166189FF1ACF65FEEA" authorityName="Lewis" authorityYear="1907" box="[222,335,253,276]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Euspilotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA809166189FF1ACF65FEEA" box="[222,335,253,276]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">Euspilotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA80916600BFF1ACC75FEEA" baseAuthorityName="Marseul" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[348,607,252,276]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Euspilotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perrisi" subGenus="Neosaprinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA80916600BFF1ACF59FEEA" box="[348,371,253,276]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">E.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA8091660D5FF1ACC23FEEA" box="[386,521,253,276]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">Neosaprinus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA80916634FFF1ACC75FEEA" box="[536,607,253,276]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">perrisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lives in the nests of the European Bee-Eater (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA80916612DFEFACFF2FECD" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[122,472,283,308]" class="Aves" family="Meropidae" genus="Merops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coraciiformes" pageId="63" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apiaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA80916612DFEFACF00FECA" box="[122,298,285,308]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">Merops apiaster</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA809166065FEFCCFF2FECD" author="LINNAEUS C." box="[306,472,283,307]" pageId="63" pageNumber="56" refId="ref117794" refString="LINNAEUS C. 1758: Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Tomus I. Salvii, Holmiae, [4] + 832 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (Olexa, pers. comm. 1995;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA80916625BFEFBCE81FEAD" author="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N." pageId="63" pageNumber="56" refId="ref117064" refString="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N. 1976: Zhuki Nadsemeystva Histeroidea (semeystva Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Synteliidae). [Beetles of the superfamily Histeroidea (families Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Syntelidae)]. Fauna SSSR, Zhestokrylye, Vyp. 4. Nauka, Leningrad, 434 pp (in Russian)." type="book" year="1976">KRYZHANOVSKIJ & REICHARDT 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species is also seldom collected on carrion (Kanaar, pers. comm. 2008). Almost all species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA809166038FEBACFD9FE8A" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[367,499,349,372]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Pholioxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA809166038FEBACFD9FE8A" box="[367,499,349,372]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">Pholioxenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, some species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA80916624CFEBACDB6FE8A" authorityName="Jacquelin-Duval" authorityYear="1858" box="[795,924,349,372]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Gnathoncus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA80916624CFEBACDB6FE8A" box="[795,924,349,372]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">Gnathoncus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA809166546FEBACF17FE6A" baseAuthorityName="Reichardt" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Eremosaprinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vlasovi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA809166546FEBACF17FE6A" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">Eremosaprinus vlasovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
live in the burrows of ground squirrels, e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA809166259FE9ACA17FE6D" box="[782,1085,379,404]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Spermophilopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="63" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA809166259FE9ACD95FE6A" box="[782,959,381,404]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">Spermophilopsis</emphasis>
|
||
(Sciuridae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA809166126FE7ACF12FE4A" authorityName="Kanaar" authorityYear="1979" box="[113,312,413,436]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Myrmetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paykulli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA809166126FE7ACF12FE4A" box="[113,312,413,436]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">Myrmetes paykulli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the sole Palaearctic species known to frequent nests of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA8091662FBFE7ACA22FE4A" box="[940,1032,413,436]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA8091662FBFE7ACA22FE4A" box="[940,1032,413,436]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">Formica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ants, especially those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA809166016FE5ACC57FE2D" authority="Linnaeus, 1761" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1761" box="[321,637,443,468]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA809166016FE5ACFFAFE2A" box="[321,464,445,468]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">Formica rufa</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus, 1761
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and less frequently those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA8091662E2FE5ACF3AFE0A" authority="Latreille, 1798" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1798" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA8091662E2FE5ACA6BFE2A" box="[949,1089,445,468]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">F. sanguinea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA809166126FE3CCF3AFE0A" author="LATREILLE P. A." box="[113,272,475,500]" pageId="63" pageNumber="56" refId="ref117388" refString="LATREILLE P. A. 1798: Essai sur l'histoire des fourmis de la France. F. Bourdeaux, Brive, 50 pp." type="book" year="1798">Latreille, 1798</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This species is most likely not strictly myrmecophilous, since it has also been found on a dead frog (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA809166009FE1BCCF9FDED" author="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N." box="[350,723,507,532]" pageId="63" pageNumber="56" refId="ref117064" refString="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N. 1976: Zhuki Nadsemeystva Histeroidea (semeystva Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Synteliidae). [Beetles of the superfamily Histeroidea (families Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Syntelidae)]. Fauna SSSR, Zhestokrylye, Vyp. 4. Nauka, Leningrad, 434 pp (in Russian)." type="book" year="1976">KRYZHANOVSKIJ & REICHARDT 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B932048FFA8091661C7FDFCCCA4FD6A" blockId="63.[113,1089,219,788]" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">
|
||
Although most of the known taxa are apparently diurnal, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA80916625FFDFCCD50FDCD" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[776,890,539,563]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Saprininae">Saprininae</taxonomicName>
|
||
found in the desert regions are sometimes attracted to light, e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA809166316FDDACA6BFDAA" authority="Kanaar, 2008" authorityName="Kanaar" authorityYear="2008" box="[577,1089,572,596]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Saprinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucemseductus" subGenus="Saprinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA809166316FDDACCB4FDAA" box="[577,670,573,596]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">Saprinus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA8091663FBFDDACD23FDAA" box="[684,777,573,596]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">Saprinus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA809166240FDDACD9AFDAA" box="[791,944,573,596]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">lucemseductus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA8091662E2FDDBCA6BFDAA" author="KANAAR P." box="[949,1089,572,596]" pageId="63" pageNumber="56" pagination="170 - 193" refId="ref116306" refString="KANAAR P. 2008: Order Coleoptera, family Histeridae. Pp. 170 - 193. In: HARTEN A. VAN (ed.): Arthropod fauna of the United Arab Emirates, Volume I. Dar Al Umah, Abu Dhabi, 754 pp." type="book chapter" year="2008">Kanaar, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recently described from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B60D8FFA8091660F5FDBCCCBAFD8D" box="[418,656,603,627]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">United Arab Emirates</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA809166391FDBACE8CFD6A" authority="Kanaar, 2008" authorityName="Kanaar" authorityYear="2008" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Alienocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vanharteni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFA809166391FDBACDCFFD8A" box="[710,997,605,628]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">Alienocacculus vanharteni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA8091662BAFDBBCE8CFD6A" author="KANAAR P." pageId="63" pageNumber="56" pagination="170 - 193" refId="ref116306" refString="KANAAR P. 2008: Order Coleoptera, family Histeridae. Pp. 170 - 193. In: HARTEN A. VAN (ed.): Arthropod fauna of the United Arab Emirates, Volume I. Dar Al Umah, Abu Dhabi, 754 pp." type="book chapter" year="2008">Kanaar, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFA8091661E2FD9BCF66FD6A" author="KANAAR P." box="[181,332,636,660]" pageId="63" pageNumber="56" pagination="170 - 193" refId="ref116306" refString="KANAAR P. 2008: Order Coleoptera, family Histeridae. Pp. 170 - 193. In: HARTEN A. VAN (ed.): Arthropod fauna of the United Arab Emirates, Volume I. Dar Al Umah, Abu Dhabi, 754 pp." type="book chapter" year="2008">KANAAR 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Pavlíček, pers. comm. 2007).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B932048FFA8091661C7FD7CCCB3FCED" blockId="63.[113,1089,219,788]" pageId="63" pageNumber="56">
|
||
This permits the conclusion that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA80916634AFD7CCCA5FD4D" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[541,655,667,691]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Saprininae">Saprininae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are very active and appear to be highly adapted to unwelcoming dry habitats. They have also invaded nests of various birds as well as mammal burrows and are even present in ant colonies. This remarkable ecological plasticity is not seen in any other subfamily of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFA809166373FD1CCCBFFCED" baseAuthorityName="WENZEL" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[548,661,763,787]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Histeridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |