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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="289605" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1193.110188" ID-GBIF-Dataset="888bfd91-0806-4758-866d-f07247afd14b" ID-PMC="PMC10921063" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1193-63" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CA8BA289A7B8571EA158BB3DF43AC9C2" ID-PubMed="38463755" ID-ZooBank="25CA8263FF244596AC1C93491C796E2A" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1193-63" checkinTime="1709285531748" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Li, Ting, Huang, Yong &amp; Huang, Mian" docDate="2024" docId="AD50AEDC26D55CCA8254186D0D8C4E5E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1193: 63-79" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1193" docPubDate="2024-02-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1193.110188" docTitle="Halomonhystera zhangi Li &amp; Huang &amp; Huang 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="F20E976D-2B9F-48D2-9C8F-58E0656741F2" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="CA8BA289A7B8571EA158BB3DF43AC9C2" lastPageNumber="63" masterDocId="CA8BA289A7B8571EA158BB3DF43AC9C2" masterDocTitle="Two new species of the order Monhysterida (Nematoda) from the sea of China" masterLastPageNumber="79" masterPageNumber="63" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1732481071637" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="54EE310DE52B17B05D5CE3C13989113B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="53415EC96571E1774F436D71D3230366">
<mods:title id="9FE8C3E85EC9814F20153350102CCA67">Two new species of the order Monhysterida (Nematoda) from the sea of China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="ABA56F9C11261A4D85D556B6CCF22C4E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5925253E7AA3CD79C958EF78B4315A73">
<mods:roleTerm id="6EF978DC4DC9CE30541200F9F492CECD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="84416410637C024112F788D14DB4DF8D">Li, Ting</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C1DE3D9CB3C5772C93648E1ECFF23012" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5630-314X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="7A43216B62D8EB48AB4A2FCC106C2F97">College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="EEE037EF6FD3C19C8BDE58244590BBA6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="31665AC145801ECB456CD3595206CA2E">Huang, Yong</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4390C876D352DD0AA7A95F4923C52A88" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1846-8088</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="6B02F6B00192739CF1F2D5E374D20EC8">College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="58FAD99C22BA6AD5E0C3221C76A28FB8" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6F80D100E2115C7AA8CD7E351C83CBE3">
<mods:roleTerm id="6B137AF54C2F60CCC73EFFCC4916EFCC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FD6672634D4C13762B037082D6E08C18">Huang, Mian</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="25F9DAB4DB85C8DE3EE5C142B22E9FD2" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3343-1520</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="1DAE9D65E5666193A8C05D7900E1A61D">College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7A9D695F077766C6263E42B8A2C7C7ED" type="email">huangmian@lcu.edu.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="C9BBD73EFD96C01ECBC5089E2B9E0BA7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3F87C49F99B6B5044E2144A1D4EE93A2">ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="662A551D4F9F019F6E9A30E780BED1AD">
<mods:date id="F4B9ED8FC67792E2F4EB50523FDA79D1">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="C07BA1724786D1AF32B9EAE39029791A" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="B5397AB662ECD40C6E12619CCBF6CE3E">2024-02-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="F42E4D818D70AB97E929D6C9533030FE" type="volume">
<mods:number id="3E2A979DD359337CD5CE1EDAA8927855">1193</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="10B34FDF017405224D99770B3BA46D91">63</mods:start>
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<mods:location id="B104A3FDA1597E9AD74EA35F66FA7BDA">
<mods:url id="012BE82C5B898E86ED5FB2105721551C">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1193.110188</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="FD28D4BCDDE5DD7A8054D264C716B6C1">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="7B89A38F7C93DB374F0C09EE088E6B90" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1193.110188</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="149569E40D72F82FE5C551FE9CADE48E" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1193-63</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EAA0F3AEEE6E0293BCE2B4E86483A02E" type="ZooBank">25CA8263FF244596AC1C93491C796E2A</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="AD50AEDC26D55CCA8254186D0D8C4E5E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="222674576" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F20E976D-2B9F-48D2-9C8F-58E0656741F2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AD50AEDC26D55CCA8254186D0D8C4E5E" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" scope_family="Monhysteridae" scope_order="Monhysterida" scope_phylum="Nematoda">
<subSubSection id="C0FB239BCB4B3DD9B0F822372DCD34BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="01CCF5D843A904EB5E1FE5D2CF82F54C" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="B9B215578F0A2F66245FB50F90FB0F85" ID-CoL="CLXMG" LSID="https://zoobank.org/F20E976D-2B9F-48D2-9C8F-58E0656741F2" authority="Li &amp; Huang &amp; Huang, 2024" authorityName="Li &amp; Huang &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2024" class="Chromadorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Halomonhystera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halomonhystera zhangi" order="Monhysterida" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="zhangi" status="sp. nov.">Halomonhystera zhangi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="32F285E23B65E56D1CEED5326B0B0DAF" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="14D8136C94F04D6BBBBA1640ECF4B2E7" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="description">
<paragraph id="E02A885782EB31665ED77DCB40B48320" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<figureCitation id="0F3B074F57A27AC014A9443825C87237" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Drawings of Halomonhystera zhangi sp. nov. A anterior end of male B anterior end of female C entire body of female D posterior end of male E spicules and gubernaculum F entire body of male. Scale bars: 10 μm (A, B); 30 μm (C, F); 20 μm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1193.110188.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/994910" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="09C766263389C478CEF75213D8B60AB8" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Microscopic images of Halomonhystera zhangi sp. nov. A anterior end of holotype, showing anterior setae, renette ampulla (arrow) B, C anterior end of holotype, showing buccal cavity, cephalic setae, excretory pore (arrow 1) and amphidial fovea (arrow 2) D posterior end of holotype, showing gubernaculum and caudal papillae (arrows) E cloacal region of paratype 1, showing spicule and precloacal papillae (arrows) F anterior portion of testis of holotype. Scale bars: 10 μm (A - E); 20 μm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1193.110188.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/994911" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">, 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="70A52018544FA441337F1DC585E7A27C" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Microscopic images of Halomonhystera zhangi sp. nov. A anterior end of female 1, showing buccal cavity and anterior setae B anterior end of female 2, showing cephalic setae and amphidial fovea (arrow) C middle region of female, showing ovary (arrow 1), egg (arrow 2), vulva (arrow 3), anus (arrow 4) and caudal glands (arrow 5) D anterior region of female intestine, showing pharyngeal base (arrow 1), ventral gland (arrow 2) and ovary (arrow 3). Scale bars: 10 μm (A, B); 30 μm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1193.110188.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/994912" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">, 3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7B988520836B3F2A02F642DAB28D7D71" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BEC5175B169724E07D7783B5BCEC3F0" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C6E84AD65061524BF2B7F4685CB71B82" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="47B2292950834B44B72900DDACFE94E1" authorityName="Li &amp; Huang &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2024" class="Chromadorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Halomonhystera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halomonhystera zhangi" order="Monhysterida" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="zhangi">
<emphasis id="56ABF6CE67D84D9E581B96EBB186E98C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Halomonhystera zhangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is characterized by relatively small body size, anterior sensory setae 3
<normalizedToken id="101C3A1AA325A471278D434B0D9E0852" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long; small circular amphidial fovea located at the level of buccal cavity base; buccal cavity funnel-shaped; excretory-secretory system with large ventral gland and opening close to the level of cephalic setae by a very thin canal; slender spicules curved slightly with cephalated proximal end and tapered distal end; gubernaculum rod-like, without apophysis; two papilliform precloacal supplements just in front of cloaca; tail conico-cylindrical with two ventral papillae and each with a seta; testis outstretched with folded anterior portion, situated at the right side of the intestine; distance between the vulva and anus longer than the tail length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2EF1CD5FCB6529E8436D0E81B8DF71AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4CC5361A083E2D231A4A76C643190BEE" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="74F981ABFEC8CE5F78BC09F7BAFEE5F3" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<materialsCitation id="8E57DB2CB3F65A09728B549FF5B3269F" collectingDate="2024-01-01" collectingDateMax="2024-12-31" collectingDateMin="2024-01-01" county="Chinese Academy of Sciences" location="Type" municipality="Marine Biological Museum" specimenCount="Four" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="8" typeStatus="Holotype">
<specimenCount id="FB298D0FA5E430817E3CBF2951816CD7" count="4" type="male">Four males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="C32EE10B0D931E3DCE5C967307936218" count="2" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
were obtained.
<emphasis id="9DA60FA80C9EBD7BA1DBA6F5F9AD6015" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<typeStatus id="3C78B304C798F9208D3278B3848C3184" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount id="87436F92B50AD264AB97B583E8FB676C" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
#1 on slide QDZQ-16JL-89;
<emphasis id="EFBBC1F7DE64F099CFBB41B6A32C9D80" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<typeStatus id="90623B374D4AD11C7EAFDCBACDF93952" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount id="D0509DCFB1BA7358EDC860AD67927E1B" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
#2 on slide QDZQ-11SC-148,
<specimenCount id="5D09345FB74FFB2C928EDCAF93000262" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
#3 on slide QDZQ-11SC-157,
<specimenCount id="5D2036BEFCDA95E1389FB6C66D243EB2" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
#4 on slide QDZQ-16JL-93,
<specimenCount id="EF22B01021FFD42C5F5697E1B3E5937D" count="1" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
#1 on slide QDZQ-16JL-97, and
<specimenCount id="2B6E41AB391B0D147962F6487BA96851" count="1" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
#2 on slide QDZQ-16JL-98.
<location id="6383E7665CDD80B9B383A1DAAC390D7E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD50AEDC26D55CCA8254186D0D8C4E5E:6383E7665CDD80B9B383A1DAAC390D7E" county="Chinese Academy of Sciences" municipality="Marine Biological Museum" name="Type">Type</location>
specimens were deposited in the
<collectingMunicipality id="0D5880EBBA86D7E0A3E68FCC4DC81C91">Marine Biological Museum</collectingMunicipality>
of the
<collectingCounty id="93049E3911FB8ACE996ED814B237C466">Chinese Academy of Sciences</collectingCounty>
, Qingdao.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DD37EEEEF843A4A1256AC43D1E7767BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="98E6BB558204FCD147A50F44391B05E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Type locality and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF41B6B34941A27769E0E8A187E28CF0" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
Holotype and all the additional specimens were found from
<taxonomicName id="597F2C03A30ADDE632A4A3927EBAEBCA" authorityName="O.Kuntze" authorityYear="1893" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" lsidName="Sargassum thunbergii" order="Fucales" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Gyrista" rank="species" species="thunbergii">
<emphasis id="E7D5B4FACF82C3CA7DB67B7EED8F1526" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Sargassum thunbergii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(seaweed) growing on the intertidal rocky reef of Qingdao Trestle, China (
<geoCoordinate id="3AA64E6C850D68BD973D29F0C49A141F" degrees="36" direction="north" minutes="37.43" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="36.623833">36°37.43′N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C45F9D9C6AD2FC40D92EFF2F8D7079C0" degrees="120" direction="east" minutes="18.9" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="120.315">120°18.9′E</geoCoordinate>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FCD164C0B7E153AD820C94FD1289D08F" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="6B7AF94D59008A074221F426FC29C8AB" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="89173CA6E273004C6942B53F540F8140" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
The specific epithet
<normalizedToken id="188F66309FAA16545C7D210F5659E3C9" originalValue="“zhangi”">&quot;zhangi&quot;</normalizedToken>
is in honor of Professor Zhinan Zhang, a Chinese nematologist, in recognition of his contributions to nematode taxonomy.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D0BB3F2A967D96B84B7971238FE67D43" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1193.110188.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/994910" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="0B9DD28D29E2DEE1226848B2846F647F" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="FB09718D6DFE09A05A7F8A600ACBF7A7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Drawings of
<taxonomicName id="37D11180EFD260AFD8E9A56E2ACCF140" authorityName="Li &amp; Huang &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2024" class="Chromadorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Halomonhystera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halomonhystera zhangi" order="Monhysterida" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="zhangi">
<emphasis id="5B84146BB8C5A651466B9C61B8A69EFB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Halomonhystera zhangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis id="829AA63FE84E630CEA4553B354E60FBC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">A</emphasis>
anterior end of male
<emphasis id="D5FAB4CB46369620358894DFB4B6C272" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">B</emphasis>
anterior end of female
<emphasis id="D574D33EFE5CD92A0F9A0820786C2905" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C</emphasis>
entire body of female
<emphasis id="08B1A3C10DCBF461B2FF7BDAE15089CB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">D</emphasis>
posterior end of male
<emphasis id="EF759AF8004CC05510C269AE1591F363" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">E</emphasis>
spicules and gubernaculum
<emphasis id="4C1A92810E92DC30E186A225B548EACE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">F</emphasis>
entire body of male. Scale bars:10
<normalizedToken id="92371C5AB1473BDF73A6DCD96EB600AE" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="D616A534384ABDE75D1B5E3771CE1D60" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">A, B</emphasis>
); 30
<normalizedToken id="08CA5D6AC8A6D6CE4E2633B6A1C79404" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="A77A124AD365097BE895FA7032B57B47" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C, F</emphasis>
); 20
<normalizedToken id="58E397DC0C553768249EBE6B4EFF02F2" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="649CBB9B300DE5A13B43AA989E113C99" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">D, E</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1162528E9F15B56A731CA7FD2BE8D830" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="description">
<paragraph id="C3DA6E815EDA37C9515FB7D646F7E0BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Measurements.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E81496B1B0E28F0860946A625F2911D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
All measurement data are given in Table
<tableCitation id="9575C0E7A0B01B9815291EAD3C5E940A" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Measurements of Halomonhystera zhangi sp. nov. (in µm except for ratios)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BBB010A8078D92FE9CC97E9751695687" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" tableUuid="BBB010A8078D92FE9CC97E9751695687">1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="BBB010A8078D92FE9CC97E9751695687" ID-Table-UUID="BBB010A8078D92FE9CC97E9751695687" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BBB010A8078D92FE9CC97E9751695687" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
<paragraph id="89E9E585D29666BB124DAA2E526AA40A" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="16BBC776E141E98CEE034B91AFD12774" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Table 1.</emphasis>
Measurements of
<taxonomicName id="A3572869419B094EEEB9ABEF243028E6" authorityName="Li &amp; Huang &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2024" class="Chromadorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Halomonhystera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halomonhystera zhangi" order="Monhysterida" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="zhangi">
<emphasis id="E6B7AFE2D7E724B68963654975DD60A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Halomonhystera zhangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (in
<normalizedToken id="F1BE6551CAAE8D463F726AD0D2118B62" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
except for ratios).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="4FD94361A3BEEADD0903ED13AD4274BB" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<table id="B29F35742456916A067103581E4D5CDA" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<tr id="A6C5F371A4E0560D9124FAC4CB7C5950" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<th id="DD88E2900F5401F782CF89266177E06E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="2">Characters</th>
<th id="12A8E1E55DAB4A44BDC6A9C4B8A67102" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">Holotype</th>
<th id="9653E7B30C09EDD5F02F703A0B8A77EA" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">Paratypes</th>
</tr>
<tr id="E3E839D7C8E7E0B0B7ACA4DA30D216E7" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<th id="5517A47FE0A47F8A8BD7E339857568B6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">male</th>
<th id="0407E8CA2F2F46E1C81A093F181635FE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
males (
<emphasis id="D1357F2AE8D3577722B5C50034E1E87A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">n</emphasis>
= 3)
</th>
<th id="A5F9B890E963B34606F4B3287347FF36" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
females (
<emphasis id="78F1E0AC1F46A75338FE4AD0713023B7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">n</emphasis>
= 2)
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="4DAE42C6162D47ECE1B8C6F3798C456A" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td id="656AD9FF9B673E32A1A358DF6E66CDB3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">Total body length</td>
<td id="1AAA0508F427671091B8325A70D41475" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">820</td>
<td id="6E0BCC8B242EECE42996615CEB70B9F3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
732.3
<normalizedToken id="8EC56089EF3776BAD4339F402E67B981" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
68.5 (654-781)
</td>
<td id="1E9B2ADE51A5968EDA9E0A8BD6327057" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
677.0
<normalizedToken id="A7AFB1AFA6686AA240047863976AE995" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
67.9 (629-725)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="44874AC66921FFAACFC64AE444D30C4C" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td id="C8F5E251C3214F1AAA30EC39931C696E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">Maximum body diameter</td>
<td id="C256A610B272CA3942EB236ECCBBCC85" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">28</td>
<td id="B09050429150544F7256C2A3408CF2C5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
25.3
<normalizedToken id="3A0B1DFE792679D23F0B751B30F3CAE2" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.2 (24-26)
</td>
<td id="D0B7DEB71940831A9E0EA4AB896FEA92" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
27.0
<normalizedToken id="3B863F034F6FAE56F138EF6AAD83F5A7" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.8 (25-29)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="444D796C8FD7729856699A8DB90C2777" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td id="9433EB3B9906EB549CD9CEDBBB2F005C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">Head diameter</td>
<td id="2BBFB51A4DA2BFE784C4662D7A9BEC20" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">11</td>
<td id="C4AC8BBC8B237F72C0A71F0ECA6C5E24" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
10.7
<normalizedToken id="F846051877FC004A7503F486C22A2B4E" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.6 (10-11)
</td>
<td id="60D37E974FE9BC415594D70E9980196E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
13.5
<normalizedToken id="DD15CFC808D870FAA0EA697AC243C573" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.7 (13-14)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5AE21EA25D872ED91F5C25E97F6C2E74" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td id="4B81BA4B48CBEF2007F8B2E244FD9CB7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">Length of cephalic setae</td>
<td id="FC902B77958FD66FD50283CBA44DBEAB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">3</td>
<td id="6882C3927A97DEA73656484D1EE43BB1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
3.0
<normalizedToken id="B153363EAB2E5E81ECBBED0D17592D51" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.0 (3)
</td>
<td id="CFF698F76FF4FBA351228F7872703912" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
4.3
<normalizedToken id="10D810F72AD88B3AEC0B92CEB3E3F2B1" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.4 (4-4.5)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4404D843B8B77DAB5B02E8A4E713E835" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td id="9FFAC350AEF084B4F8EE2C2D6C455D93" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">Depth of buccal cavity</td>
<td id="D168B6EDB73E6D91FE1D8B9B3BD4D119" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">7</td>
<td id="79C4E79967766B64D71F942C847C05F9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
6.3
<normalizedToken id="0A3F7553F062A590D361666C11BB3E80" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.6 (6-7)
</td>
<td id="690084C69A17B0FC65C301ED701F9D1F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
6.0
<normalizedToken id="22441AB7E292561D61EBA1D5C764EA92" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0 (6-6)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2CDD997CDE9CA6E652A71CBCB39B82C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td id="F4D45050F4DFAC55E1725BF4B8C17CF5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">Width of buccal cavity</td>
<td id="56D93815C81ECA3A251B38995CF41DAA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">4</td>
<td id="1567C5B3AC5B912309BF69373167014B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
4.3
<normalizedToken id="A13410660AAFFB1A31CCA3B0418F7D44" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.6 (4-5)
</td>
<td id="E37D9707771113C509E83DE024094E6E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
3.5
<normalizedToken id="FB92C243BD074195E158FF2BB877A4F9" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.7 (3-4)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4787E9C66A9B91368D4975EC7A90E200" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td id="2A6C50BBD1ACEB4DDF49B46813446F9C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">Amphidial fovea diameter</td>
<td id="5419F0D396B876A863F0AB69F15B235B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">4</td>
<td id="135C76E1193E0B4431FF31913523FF9B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
4.0
<normalizedToken id="5B6B0A13F580BDEBBFD271490B0394B5" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.0 (4)
</td>
<td id="92EB8606013B7DB58153B894C2414661" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
3.0
<normalizedToken id="CC0F72070E287E71A8732307C3BDD03E" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0 (3-3)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="E9CB961CD74AD2656CD5068800BEBB71" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td id="C992189DB62A8D625F94A73C57B07138" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">Amphidial fovea from anterior end</td>
<td id="C93441E480BD7AA824DC45FC3AB42010" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">7</td>
<td id="AF4003BDA5B02BF7FB54036AE58ABCA0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
7.7
<normalizedToken id="4E19DC94F418546C7EE263192E128B90" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.6 (7-8)
</td>
<td id="CAD29D9DA05432883B78E6502B7F1F3A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
7.0
<normalizedToken id="25F67CEB851138975050ED1E0C73BE8E" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0 (7-7)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5EA3A6061475CC531A05B9A812871387" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td id="5DE097E1991B559ECF2505314C2414F7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">Body diameter at amphidial fovea level</td>
<td id="3ECEBDD804915112F36F513C007E51A3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">14</td>
<td id="735BCCFE52194191340A91B0CA514AA6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
13.3
<normalizedToken id="0B6D6A8DCEBCC1F074EAE76D323C7339" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.6 (13-14)
</td>
<td id="2C1B9F490827E28297876750348E8E2B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
14.5
<normalizedToken id="7CC421D77E631E952D59FBFDFE7FA1D7" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.7 (14-15)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="665345A95C1884576D48E1C884D79499" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td id="EA1B18D12EA37473A97D9019202FBFA5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">Nerve ring from anterior end</td>
<td id="C9B186E4629960CBE013F858618CD746" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">89</td>
<td id="27821BADFD9C98D5491B02E84C2225BA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
81.7
<normalizedToken id="5C88F284EE865FCC207753F1772323D6" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
5.5 (78-88)
</td>
<td id="848CA817F8E7E69E398B80931D8F8118" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
68.5
<normalizedToken id="2D1AB46CE5C33390CD76C8D38DDFE350" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
9.2 (62-75)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9D1B7CF3A6597C2F435CB636664C2633" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td id="E6006461144D1A8CC05DC3E2F8F645C0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">Body diameter at nerve ring level</td>
<td id="10C36457E8FC28E9E351D0A0B36E89F6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">22</td>
<td id="99835C19C474EBF88B221F3FDED2A82C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
20.0
<normalizedToken id="B17F1A1748CE574A7F205192EB12727F" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.0 (19-21)
</td>
<td id="45613DAB56536E63FC4293D9A5C74725" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
22.0
<normalizedToken id="771D9FE7B78228768CF38CB1747FA38D" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.4 (21-23)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A4C8FB83FAE3F4CD5488BCFBEAAA200A" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td id="20E6420CE14208EE061926909993454A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">Pharynx length</td>
<td id="D81DBBBC72A340BAE63C98046C47E7DC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">134</td>
<td id="9151EDCBF0E3E78B650FE246F877C898" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
128.7
<normalizedToken id="D05B65DB4B49B96EBF314C5BA8628E7D" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
5.5 (123-134)
</td>
<td id="5A51B2D8090598C553980D90CAF5C0A8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
116.5
<normalizedToken id="145A39467362B9927B35343ACF74B02C" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
12.0 (108-125)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F9B9F8006439AC8335990A2044C67143" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td id="391FA835189210267D18824DE91B3835" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">Body diameter at base of pharynx</td>
<td id="3055A0DB3891C5DA35A00FA5CDB6FBE7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">23</td>
<td id="271A21FEA718CF84958DDFF5E93D3EE2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
21.3
<normalizedToken id="8C26B2F739BE518EF59DCC41FAC6729F" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.5 (20-23)
</td>
<td id="568B6B9EC382BA8BA3F9CA730D703009" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
23.0
<normalizedToken id="5233959A1182CD6E0825E6CFBC967C16" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.4 (22-24)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D01F20E977DF5B7FA219F06375611A09" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td id="140A995BB197899B2F1F47EDF208A9A6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">Spicules length along arc</td>
<td id="6D4C7F2652FFD38C2DEFDB11E9DCFFFF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">47</td>
<td id="FDD8F9533A9438094C3917D292566ADB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
43.3
<normalizedToken id="8CF1876FAE658FC07132DBE18D7997A7" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.1 (41-45)
</td>
<td id="8177277C12E2E62AAAD34A140477EAA3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3276E4173C68EA838F573AD10FB8629D" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td id="E72E99A548DE776A3762FB86F9086D81" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">Length of gubernaculum</td>
<td id="73FB76562DBD27FDDE021811A5B55588" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">20</td>
<td id="993670D689F936C6C41FC4630C649C88" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
17.0
<normalizedToken id="D9CAD9884A715206336FE627D984E752" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.0 (16-18)
</td>
<td id="493A60661930221195031EA72880D5BF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DE94E17CB4D8A153D03C49DD16B6505B" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td id="EEE5DF761228203AFA78F801736936E6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">Body diameter at cloaca or anus</td>
<td id="C312632FC1C22D423730F6298E3E552B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">29</td>
<td id="21C0B57DD4576AE3952470508825AB27" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
26.0
<normalizedToken id="71E54E272DEA281A8410E23DC35154C8" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.6 (23-28)
</td>
<td id="0551FBDCEDD69BBAC80FEDB0FB74512F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
22.0
<normalizedToken id="8E72B709435C155A3676CB60C506E36C" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.8 (20-24)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0ACA34DE7EDA5343420D79D4600AF653" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td id="E359E11A525FADFD9FA009C9F78A6FA9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">Tail length</td>
<td id="D673B4B59C0235152151F029B01D6411" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">136</td>
<td id="6EAE64BB3948BAED7E421DD216551D85" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
118.3
<normalizedToken id="D65BD395001243C5DC68945C79B79B34" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
14.6 (102-130)
</td>
<td id="BFD502E5E6B88F21B35000862113EE27" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
114.5
<normalizedToken id="2BA80E55EF6F1646E213668203D84173" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
10.6 (107-122)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="50E7618DBFBCE1DB92870BD25C9C6486" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td id="98ECA8D37E948F97BF085BEDBC2FBFD3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">Vulva from anterior end</td>
<td id="29D39D5397E4D7AE71A16D7B23CAB209" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="18D917D67B87B142DAC3984F8E018335" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="F013D4ECFACB8B613689D6AE8BFE1661" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
393.5
<normalizedToken id="02ED9827BE0560EAC57CE3EFB783F9C3" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
37.5 (367-420)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="792512591235468AB00165A6C01525D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td id="FD4467B31B691ECE00EEF670DD8A49BF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">Body diameter at vulva</td>
<td id="2B06E6B7B9EE0F4F53A97C04AA750140" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="AEA5D713ABCBF0D24CE91B4A7ACD03B4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="ADAD50C6054C36974B8067919E20949A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
28.5
<normalizedToken id="8B89E706B7480AB9291EC575E9D73685" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
3.5 (26-31)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C3488F484565B5C5DC72E02F43747242" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td id="CE9617171E77550919DD978569573C76" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">V%</td>
<td id="E0C4AE61C586DB422B9C06C08A1FDD89" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="DCD9B8EA1809554B68A9550CD6D8959C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="E765BE65EEF1B44CA893C418FD6CC4FD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
58.1
<normalizedToken id="5396CD66473E3E6BE9E30FDF08B715B1" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.3 (57.9-58.3)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9884C1D6839657222C9E8727A8F777ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td id="FEEC97BFE1972AB8285C050025610339" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">a</td>
<td id="E6F59828FEE1EE7259CE687ED19FB663" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">29.3</td>
<td id="84C9E0CD3978F2FB51616E995641C562" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
28.9
<normalizedToken id="BED03672379D183990AB276F689363F8" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.4 (27.3-30.0)
</td>
<td id="953ADAF0A8A55B1302669420E831111A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
25.1
<normalizedToken id="9BD012BF0E1C707670103BD088270567" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.1 (25.0-25.2)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="44DEDFAEE5A77F40F4B7207D39BD6321" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td id="B176A4C7AE13966EF8C20E421E520674" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">b</td>
<td id="A5C3933F08752EDD8F2D7D534F906429" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">6.1</td>
<td id="4446484761E853FD4DB82DEA348E704C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
5.7
<normalizedToken id="5F5B282D27FEFBC17F1DE1CFE441700E" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.6 (5.3-6.4)
</td>
<td id="B192484D71B6770D6B227ED40679405F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
5.8
<normalizedToken id="11B6470CED157AEA8A24339FD7FD3A5E" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0 (5.8-5.8)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="732F5B368E2B5193442F8C912FEC1A45" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td id="24321FFE843802101C175A494EA1A786" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">c</td>
<td id="550B2569F191948092F660B7D162BE24" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">6.0</td>
<td id="E82A3C689755018D4D0D7A78C65B5D8C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
6.2
<normalizedToken id="C62BDDCFBABD1DECA2EF7B7770157C40" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.2 (6.0-6.4)
</td>
<td id="017FC858198070810DE3E86C10281343" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
5.9
<normalizedToken id="893103CDF5958E8CD1F63FCE8A25E715" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0 (5.9-5.9)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AAF7885E25A831591AA11409E24FF864" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td id="A471B46209BE75910F31C8D217F6DE14" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">c′</td>
<td id="71E24F7A59ED478571F2D95BB2090C75" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">4.7</td>
<td id="9E8640D062BAA17D3A2587868C222CC1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
4.5
<normalizedToken id="0DF3DAE506FA507BEA4A838B13030622" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.2 (4.4-4.8)
</td>
<td id="58651B4BCB01CEC42D4492D321E6949F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
5.3
<normalizedToken id="081C970EE97A46190A702FE2B99C0E1D" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.2 (5.1-5.4)
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FB9B7B80F781725B6FF8830D10A42DD4" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="description">
<paragraph id="E1058AC17802A82BE76BA098DB6DA2D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C853854A0452B6CC10040F2A59FA4DFA" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="81B918D1559BB13ABEFCAAC72505A641" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Males.</emphasis>
Body slender, tapering towards both extremities. Cuticle smooth without transversely striated. Four longitudinal rows of short somatic setae sparsely distributed throughout the body, 3-4
<normalizedToken id="0B2292134DD4322BC459E8B5F5DCFFD4" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long. Head diameter representing 39-42% of the maximum body diameter. Inner labial sensilla papilliform. Outer labial sensilla setiform. Outer labial setae and cephalic setae united in one circle with a total of 12 setae, each 3
<normalizedToken id="FC7B910F503400251F23FFBCD5A3A732" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long, i.e. 27-30% of head diameter, situated at the level of middle of the buccal cavity. Amphidial fovea circular with a diameter of 4
<normalizedToken id="A276C8722BBC75DEA565D5CB9BD12D0A" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, which is occupying 29-31% of the corresponding body diameter, located at the level of buccal cavity base, i.e.7-8
<normalizedToken id="9DA73A94588FB2CD7B24BCE3DFD68772" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
from the anterior end. Buccal cavity funnel-shaped, without teeth. Pharynx cylindrical with a swollen base, not forming a real terminal bulb. Cardia conical, 6-9
<normalizedToken id="2711C42006ED8A1E06B458FD866411A7" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long. Nerve ring situated posterior to the middle of pharynx. Excretory-secretory system with a large ventral cell, situated near anterior section of intestine; ampulla situated posterior to amphidial fovea, about 25
<normalizedToken id="418C88EDF8195645102D90BB9E29F9A0" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
from the anterior end of body; a very thin canal extended forwards from the ampulla, and opening just posterior to the level of outer labial and cephalic setae crown. Tail conical with posterior third cylindrical, equal to 4.4-4.8 cloacal body diameter long. Tail tip slightly swollen with a conical hyaline spinneret (Fig.
<figureCitation id="0F96101C76DA3915DC329A2D44F989DD" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Microscopic images of Halomonhystera zhangi sp. nov. A anterior end of holotype, showing anterior setae, renette ampulla (arrow) B, C anterior end of holotype, showing buccal cavity, cephalic setae, excretory pore (arrow 1) and amphidial fovea (arrow 2) D posterior end of holotype, showing gubernaculum and caudal papillae (arrows) E cloacal region of paratype 1, showing spicule and precloacal papillae (arrows) F anterior portion of testis of holotype. Scale bars: 10 μm (A - E); 20 μm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1193.110188.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/994911" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">2D</figureCitation>
). Terminal setae absent. A few short caudal setae sparsely distributed throughout the tail. Two prominent caudal gland cells confined entirely to the tail.
</paragraph>
<caption id="891DD3C2F913A20C1AAF002FB7762106" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1193.110188.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/994911" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="54DA0741FD704B42823E051D6216D40F" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="1787E2AF50AAC11BFCE08B0D14847FB6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Microscopic images of
<taxonomicName id="DE9D54CE1EB1C82F6075F955809A6FE9" authorityName="Li &amp; Huang &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2024" class="Chromadorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Halomonhystera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halomonhystera zhangi" order="Monhysterida" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="zhangi">
<emphasis id="42090E69AFC230DACDE6714F4ADB16E5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Halomonhystera zhangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis id="A2EFBE3BDC24F4893D16AB5788A85058" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">A</emphasis>
anterior end of holotype, showing anterior setae, renette ampulla (arrow)
<emphasis id="476C2E1BDD1F6219DC6DD7D4F2F90646" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">B, C</emphasis>
anterior end of holotype, showing buccal cavity, cephalic setae, excretory pore (arrow 1) and amphidial fovea (arrow 2)
<emphasis id="1D58DBFB1AF1B4B48E8E3DBDC5768032" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">D</emphasis>
posterior end of holotype, showing gubernaculum and caudal papillae (arrows)
<emphasis id="154108F63DCB0095AC6D4E5146530A28" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">E</emphasis>
cloacal region of paratype 1, showing spicule and precloacal papillae (arrows)
<emphasis id="B340E4D116E7429A9B8B0F55B259DBD1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">F</emphasis>
anterior portion of testis of holotype. Scale bars: 10
<normalizedToken id="A9137AFC4C0B5DE95B2A5A61E5ADFEEF" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="B739F9BFF43258FD70E9AAFD35FDEFDE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">A</emphasis>
-
<emphasis id="A1A815ED79DA18443C8AA6C5C97343A6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">E</emphasis>
); 20
<normalizedToken id="AEE364B5F9354330A70214BF81C1337E" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="BD113C13F261AFB3B6DF554126504E03" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">F</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="68A743A1D3EBE1F921A9E9F67FA1A197" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
Reproductive system monorchic with an outstretched testis with folded anterior portion, situated at the right side of the intestine. (Fig.
<figureCitation id="BCBF98438FC9CFD00E2291AF1F9D3BFA" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Microscopic images of Halomonhystera zhangi sp. nov. A anterior end of holotype, showing anterior setae, renette ampulla (arrow) B, C anterior end of holotype, showing buccal cavity, cephalic setae, excretory pore (arrow 1) and amphidial fovea (arrow 2) D posterior end of holotype, showing gubernaculum and caudal papillae (arrows) E cloacal region of paratype 1, showing spicule and precloacal papillae (arrows) F anterior portion of testis of holotype. Scale bars: 10 μm (A - E); 20 μm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1193.110188.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/994911" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">2F</figureCitation>
). Spicules slender, arcuated, proximally cephalated and distally pointed, 1.52-1.96 times of cloacal body diameter. Gubernaculum rod-like, slightly curved proximally, without apophysis. Two papilliform precloacal supplements, one just anterior to cloaca, another one 30-50
<normalizedToken id="5DB736A449DD3FDFB1B0A707360F0C4A" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
anterior to cloaca. Two ventral caudal papillae in the middle region of tail, each with a short seta. The anterior one located at 43-52
<normalizedToken id="B56F5841E8C721D3521955A043BF153B" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
posterior from cloaca, and the other at 63-72
<normalizedToken id="89F66298BD3814B9FE611576EC4C089C" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
posterior from cloaca.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4614F7D39F8733C6628314FB904BF88D" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="810224FD28F8F7796934D5BB7ECBFAE5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Females.</emphasis>
Similar to males in most morphological characteristics except cephalic setae slightly longer and amphidial fovea relatively smaller. Reproductive system monodelphic with an anterior outstretched ovary, located at the right side of intestine. Mature egg large, oval. Uterus a wide tube. Vulva located posterior to mid-body (i.e. 57.9-58.3% of body length from the anterior end). Distance between the vulva and anus (155-183
<normalizedToken id="9542FAC31490471A1B872A6178E3DFF5" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
) longer than the tail length (107-122
<normalizedToken id="98AB799E5E0162184375089C90FFB12E" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
). Spermatheca not seen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F235441D810AFBE1EC416BE51B16AA11" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="differential diagnosis and discussion">
<paragraph id="3671FF274B64C78E5FDCC0EE5060032D" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Differential diagnosis and discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27739C9EF3048EDFE6FF4C87D47D9EFF" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="BE125084D0216AB76B64853CCA4B4047" authorityName="Li &amp; Huang &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2024" class="Chromadorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Halomonhystera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halomonhystera zhangi" order="Monhysterida" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="zhangi">
<emphasis id="4011ECE8BE6CB3A58D8A0086B6E7C39C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Halomonhystera zhangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. agrees well with the primary diagnostic characters of the genus, especially in having well developed excretory-secretory system with large ventral gland and opening at anterior pharyngeal region, spinneret with hyaline structure, males having papillary precloacal supplements and caudal papillae. The inconsistent characters to diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="402D59A72A0A7DE1A234BDEB4EF7D958" authorityName="Andrassy" authorityYear="2006" class="Chromadorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Halomonhystera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halomonhystera" order="Monhysterida" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="043C92EEDF04160B0E869D6D3948F5B6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Halomonhystera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are cephalic setae paired and vulva not very close to anus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F721D530C8F95F0BB31803298AC78786" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
The present species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="F9F109B4CAA3B2A2B7B48B25811640F4" lsidName="H. chitwoodi" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="chitwoodi">
<emphasis id="CDF8F79EEC2DC62CC7E10568B3F8B8BF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">H. chitwoodi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Steiner, 1958)
<normalizedToken id="FE06AD240B229C714731C4639D16D04E" originalValue="Andrássy">Andrassy</normalizedToken>
, 2006 in the position of amphidial fovea (closing to anterior end of body), the distance between vulva and anus (not shorter than the tail length) and they all growing on
<taxonomicName id="00A475836B42D5D207FD79C9F1477277" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" lsidName="Sargassum" order="Fucales" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Gyrista" rank="genus">Sargassum</taxonomicName>
, but it differs from the latter species by slightly smaller body size (vs longer than 1 mm), two papilliform precloacal supplements (vs only one precloacal supplement), and conico-cylindrical tail with two ventral bristled papillae (vs conical tail without bristled papilla). In having relatively long distance between the vulva and anus, the new species resembles
<taxonomicName id="4E1E287641ACB470566DE372BD956731" lsidName="H. glaciei" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="glaciei">
<emphasis id="B73EA8F9AE1DF1242ACE600F18515C36" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">H. glaciei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Blome &amp; Riemann, 1999)
<normalizedToken id="453D4752FE5DEAA912F4D638EC79BB33" originalValue="Andrássy">Andrassy</normalizedToken>
, 2006, but differs from it by the much shorter and stouter body (vs 2 mm or more, a = 60 or more), the amphidial fovea closing to the anterior body end (vs two labial diameters from anterior end) and by the shorter tail (vs c′= 7). The new species can easily be distinguished from other known species within this genus by relatively small body size, position of amphidial fovea near to anterior end of body, two papilliform precloacal supplements, conico-cylindrical tail with two ventral bristled papillae. The difference between
<taxonomicName id="E27D12D774B1D37CA1AD471E5FB4F587" lsidName="H. zhangi" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="zhangi">
<emphasis id="D512854023FFD7547E39D6E495059580" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">H. zhangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. and other known species within the genus can be inferred from the key below.
</paragraph>
<caption id="203386080962CAECDE78EA250BA4FA7E" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1193.110188.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/994912" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="DAEA73A24BE7BF2DE0F0489E55326F1D" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="3CE22503764C8A9AB5909E184EAA4B19" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Microscopic images of
<taxonomicName id="23C2358FAE1016E1DD7437DD1E007301" authorityName="Li &amp; Huang &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2024" class="Chromadorea" family="Monhysteridae" genus="Halomonhystera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halomonhystera zhangi" order="Monhysterida" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="zhangi">
<emphasis id="04AFD2A92AF2B79BF6ECD84E66880F42" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Halomonhystera zhangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis id="5A781F075ED251FE0E97BAEFE252643C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">A</emphasis>
anterior end of female 1, showing buccal cavity and anterior setae
<emphasis id="45E04DBF806BF77FCE5A5EB78E38FE38" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">B</emphasis>
anterior end of female 2, showing cephalic setae and amphidial fovea (arrow)
<emphasis id="6DC49D8812FBE9D62AD3853F856BBFBB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C</emphasis>
middle region of female, showing ovary (arrow 1), egg (arrow 2), vulva (arrow 3), anus (arrow 4) and caudal glands (arrow 5)
<emphasis id="3773DF3386D758E3374C208A305E21AE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">D</emphasis>
anterior region of female intestine, showing pharyngeal base (arrow 1), ventral gland (arrow 2) and ovary (arrow 3). Scale bars: 10
<normalizedToken id="AF477D904E846F6FC23E9D6757DACA18" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="B86E8640DE34C6516C9D9CBFB485188B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">A, B</emphasis>
); 30
<normalizedToken id="03CBF2EC0D01D89A2231D5B824007CD6" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="64C55040B6E05D0E1D66B561B0A2A0A6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C, D</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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