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<document id="02D241EC47EB847B47BC99CE643DD191" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae130" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14453763" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.metadata_approvedBy="jonas" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1732850931569" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Englmaier, Gernot K., Blažek, Radim, Zimmermann, Holger, Bartáková, Veronika, Polačik, Matej, Žák, Jakub, Mulokozi, Deogratias P., Katongo, Cyprian, Büscher, Heinz H., Mabo, Lwabanya, Koblmüller, Stephan, Palandačić, Anja &amp; Reichard, Martin" docDate="2024" docId="4D20DF53FFCA6C0FFC42FF70CBAA30AA" docLanguage="en" docName="zlae130.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae130" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.9:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Synodontis granulosus Boulenger 1900" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="B119A72BFFC76C01FFE7FF96CF6A3651" masterDocTitle="Revised taxonomy of Synodontis catfishes (Siluriformes: Mochokidae) from the Lake Tanganyika basin reveals lower species diversity than expected" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1734120630052" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="13338E6BD40FCA9B7F1FC8BFA24D42A4">Revised taxonomy of Synodontis catfishes (Siluriformes: Mochokidae) from the Lake Tanganyika basin reveals lower species diversity than expected</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B7431F8CA02B9264BE3D388804ECF640">Englmaier, Gernot K.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A67A1D24AEA72A62657B77E14D5BE462">Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic &amp; Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, A- 1010 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6ADE2E03B8BC55FAC4E7C97871D4E87A">Blažek, Radim</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6CC5F1A0491B1C28C60C2CA5F5127AFF">Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic &amp; Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="26FB65E5331302C1DC6A99E925F08335">Zimmermann, Holger</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3EF65B63C9B4C683003A797616A64759">Bartáková, Veronika</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="168EDCA5954EA2D1D523188465617F20">Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BD02C3C8CDC3A0D9EABBC1E22EFA2C43">Polačik, Matej</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="070F22EF106E989783593B194FC36058">Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EFBF8B29078EBF3B25CDDAC71518B24A">Žák, Jakub</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="378DEEA7371F97B84D6A0DD80E1C98FB">Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1E6457F708D3AAD2C303AF028CFBF392">Mulokozi, Deogratias P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3BE21393068A4E5980309197F5779A7F">Tanzanian Fisheries Research Institute, Kigoma Office, PO Box 90, Kigoma, Tanzania</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="4BFF4B37B9F920CDDE1CD721EDE69FBB">Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="680E780DC0D8FC36125FF5AEA7780665">Büscher, Heinz H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FD91E7557E340973731682FF78BA40A7">Zoological Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="07D03CF445A513999DBAC57EA351CCB9">Mabo, Lwabanya</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AD934F7E1C385AF6D3693BEF655F5523">Lake Tanganyika Research Unit, Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, PO Box 420055, Mpulungu, Zambia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0E738F4B01A6122518E3356A4E7B1154">Koblmüller, Stephan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="722ADD2F35B2F94A98B80DBFDAE46E4D">Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A- 8010 Graz, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="244D925ACC754E03B4D8F80AB31DF6EC">Palandačić, Anja</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F953E145B3D1C6F1001335538648AB0D">Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, A- 1010 Vienna, Austria &amp; Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI- 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F81C492593CED2F7EA63595D5923C505">Reichard, Martin</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AD251CC7B749B56184A1FE0E103431D0">Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic &amp; Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic &amp; Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="A249023E2F9573ACBA9D4F7814E86668">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1599EE2683B6376D2D1FF99ADDC5E177">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="6CF7783EABC8CC51C65B23782F6B762C" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="44C1D6057AF628DD1AE94BA18F7FE69F" type="Zenodo-Dep">14453763</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4D20DF53FFCA6C0FFC42FF70CBAA30AA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D20DF53FFCA6C0FFC42FF70CBAA30AA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D20DF53FFCA6C0FFC42FF70CBAA30AA" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<subSubSection id="8D933DCEFFCA6C0CFC42FF70CA523750" box="[933,1336,230,257]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="9E7ED929FFCA6C0CFC42FF70CA523750" bold="true" box="[933,1336,230,257]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="028915C6FFCA6C0CFC42FF70CA523750" ID-CoL="53XMN" authority="Boulenger, 1900" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1900" box="[933,1336,230,257]" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granulosus">
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFCA6C0CFC42FF70CA523750" bold="true" box="[933,1336,230,257]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFCA6C0CFC42FF70CBEE3750" bold="true" box="[933,1156,230,257]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Synodontis granulosus</emphasis>
Boulenger, 1900
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<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFCA6C0CFC6AFE80CA3B3761" bold="true" box="[909,1361,278,304]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
(
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFCA6C0CFC70FE80CCBB3761" box="[919,977,278,304]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,905,1895]" captionTargetId="figure-362@13.[146,1426,905,1895]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. General appearance of Synodontis granulosus and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, NMW 100723 (specimen 22-ZM-308), 90.2 mm SL, Mpulungu fish market.B, BMNH 1906.9.6.40, lectotype, S. granulosus, 213.1 mm SL, north end of Lake Tanganyika." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453777" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453777/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
; Supporting Information, Video S1)
</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="028915C6FFCA6C0CFCCDFEABCBB63704" ID-CoL="53XMN" authority="Boulenger, 1900: 480" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityPageNumber="480" authorityYear="1900" box="[810,1244,317,341]" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granulosus">
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFCA6C0CFCCDFEABCC953704" box="[810,1023,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Synodontis granulosus</emphasis>
Boulenger, 1900: 480
</taxonomicName>
(
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locality:
<location id="C056389EFFCA6C0CFA94FEABCAD93704" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D20DF53FFCA6C0FFC42FF70CBAA30AA:C056389EFFCA6C0CFA94FEABCAD93704" box="[1395,1459,317,341]" country="Burundi" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" name="North" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">North</location>
end of
<collectingMunicipality id="2552F43FFFCA6C0CFC89FECACB763725" box="[878,1052,348,372]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lake Tanganyika</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="BD9E2ED5FFCA6C0CFBC3FECACB133725" box="[1060,1145,348,372]" name="Burundi" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Burundi</collectingCountry>
or
<collectingCountry id="BD9E2ED5FFCA6C0CFB7EFECACC1E37C2" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFCA6C0CFCCDFE33CB1C37EC" box="[810,1142,421,445]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Materialexamined: Typematerial:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="75E16418FFCA6C0CFB9DFE30CB3537AA" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Moore." country="Burundi" location="Lake Tanganyika" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCode="BMNH 1906.9.6.40" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<specimenCode id="952FC63EFFCA6C0CFB9DFE30CA2D37EC" box="[1146,1351,421,445]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">BMNH 1906.9.6.40</specimenCode>
,
<typeStatus id="1A32D0E7FFCA6C0CFAA9FE33CAC537EC" box="[1358,1455,421,445]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
,
<taxonomicName id="028915C6FFCA6C0CFCCFFE53CCC6378C" ID-CoL="53XMN" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1900" box="[808,940,453,477]" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granulosus">
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFCA6C0CFCCFFE53CCC6378C" box="[808,940,453,477]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. granulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="0271C3A0FFCA6C0CFC58FE53CB4C378D" box="[959,1062,453,477]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.131" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="213.1">213.1 mm</quantity>
SL, North end of
<collectingMunicipality id="2552F43FFFCA6C0CFB1DFE53CAC5378C" box="[1274,1455,453,477]" country="Burundi" name="Lake Tanganyika" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lake Tanganyika</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="BD9E2ED5FFCA6C0CFCCDFE72CCEB37AD" box="[810,897,484,508]" name="Burundi" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Burundi</collectingCountry>
/
<collectingCountry id="BD9E2ED5FFCA6C0CFC6DFE72CCA937AD" box="[906,963,484,508]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Zaire</collectingCountry>
, coll.
<collectorName id="687C0B93FFCA6C0CFBF3FE72CB3537AA" box="[1044,1119,484,507]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Moore.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="75E16418FFCA6C0CFB97FE72CA6A346B" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Moore." country="Burundi" location="Lake Tanganyika" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCode="BMNH 1906.9.6.41-42" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<specimenCode id="952FC63EFFCA6C0CFB97FE72CA1837AD" box="[1136,1394,484,508]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">BMNH 1906.9.6.41–42</specimenCode>
, two,
<typeStatus id="1A32D0E7FFCA6C0CFCCDFD95CCAB344A" box="[810,961,515,539]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
,
<taxonomicName id="028915C6FFCA6C0CFC2DFD92CB22344A" ID-CoL="53XMN" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1900" box="[970,1096,515,539]" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granulosus">
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFCA6C0CFC2DFD92CB22344A" box="[970,1096,515,539]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. granulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 180.0–
<quantity id="0271C3A0FFCA6C0CFB7DFD95CA6B344A" box="[1178,1281,515,539]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.975" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="197.5">197.5 mm</quantity>
SL, North end of
<location id="C056389EFFCA6C0CFCCDFDB5CCB3346A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D20DF53FFCA6C0FFC42FF70CBAA30AA:C056389EFFCA6C0CFCCDFDB5CCB3346A" box="[810,985,547,571]" country="Burundi" name="Lake Tanganyika" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lake Tanganyika</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="BD9E2ED5FFCA6C0CFC05FDB5CB53346A" box="[994,1081,547,571]" name="Burundi" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Burundi</collectingCountry>
/
<collectingCountry id="BD9E2ED5FFCA6C0CFBA6FDB5CB10346A" box="[1089,1146,547,571]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Zaire</collectingCountry>
, coll.
<collectorName id="687C0B93FFCA6C0CFB53FDB5CA6A346B" box="[1204,1280,547,570]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Moore.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8D933DCEFFCA6C0FFCCDFDCBCE463522" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFCA6C0FFCCDFDCBCE473471" blockId="13.[810,1460,604,847]" lastBlockId="14.[129,780,144,544]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFCA6C0CFCCDFDCBCC8E3425" box="[810,996,604,628]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Non-type material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="75E16418FFCA6C0CFC0DFDCACB9834C2" collectionCode="BMNH" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="15" location="Christy" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="A398F680FFCA6C0CFC0DFDCACB533422" box="[1002,1081,604,627]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">BMNH</collectionCode>
1936.6.15.1199–1201, three, 161.2– 185.0 mm SL,
<collectingMunicipality id="2552F43FFFCA6C0CFC5AFDEDCB0634C2" box="[957,1132,635,659]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lake Tanganyika</collectingMunicipality>
, coll.
<location id="C056389EFFCA6C0CFB43FDEDCB9834C2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D20DF53FFCA6C0FFC42FF70CBAA30AA:C056389EFFCA6C0CFB43FDEDCB9834C2" box="[1188,1266,635,659]" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" name="Christy" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Christy</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="75E16418FFCA6C0CFB1DFDEDCA3034E2" collectionCode="ISRNB" country="Burundi" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="15" location="Burundi" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCode="ISRNB 7085" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="952FC63EFFCA6C0CFB1DFDEDCA1534C2" box="[1274,1407,635,659]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ISRNB 7085</specimenCode>
, one,
<quantity id="0271C3A0FFCA6C0CFCCDFD0DCCF834E3" box="[810,914,667,691]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6009999999999998" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="160.1">160.1 mm</quantity>
SL, Usumbura, Lake Tanganika,
<collectingCountry id="BD9E2ED5FFCA6C0CFAE5FD0DCA3034E2" box="[1282,1370,667,691]" name="Burundi" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Burundi</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="75E16418FFCA6C0CFA8FFD0DCA3234A0" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="15" location="Stappers" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCode="MRAC 14157" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="952FC63EFFCA6C0CFA8FFD0DCC073483" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MRAC 14157</specimenCode>
, one, 204.0 mm SL, Baie de Kilewa,
<collectingMunicipality id="2552F43FFFCA6C0CFB1BFD2CCAC53483" box="[1276,1455,698,722]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lake Tanganyika</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="BD9E2ED5FFCA6C0CFCCDFD4FCBD934A0" box="[810,1203,729,753]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
, coll.
<location id="C056389EFFCA6C0CFB1AFD4FCA3234A0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D20DF53FFCA6C0FFC42FF70CBAA30AA:C056389EFFCA6C0CFB1AFD4FCA3234A0" box="[1277,1368,729,753]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" name="Stappers" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Stappers</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="75E16418FFCA6C0CFA8FFD4FCCA1351E" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="15" location="Stappers" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCode="MRAC 14165" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="952FC63EFFCA6C0CFA8FFD4FCC073541" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MRAC 14165</specimenCode>
, one, 178.0 mm SL, Baie de Kilewa, devant la Sambala,
<collectingMunicipality id="2552F43FFFCA6C0CFCCDFC8ECC8B3561" box="[810,993,792,816]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lake Tanganyika</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="BD9E2ED5FFCA6C0CFC15FC8ECA1D3561" box="[1010,1399,792,816]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
, coll.
<location id="C056389EFFCA6C0CFCCDFCA1CCEE351E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D20DF53FFCA6C0FFC42FF70CBAA30AA:C056389EFFCA6C0CFCCDFCA1CCEE351E" box="[810,900,823,847]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" name="Stappers" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Stappers</location>
, 1912
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="75E16418FFCA6C0FFC3CFCA1CDD93696" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Zambia" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" location="Snoeks" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="A398F680FFCA6C0CFC3CFCA1CB4C351E" box="[987,1062,823,847]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">MRAC</collectionCode>
2001.094.P.0052, one,
<quantity id="0271C3A0FFCA6C0CFACEFCA1CAEE351E" box="[1321,1412,823,847]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.45" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="84.5">84.5 mm</quantity>
SL, Mutondwe Island (Crocodile Island),
<collectingMunicipality id="2552F43FFFC96C0FFDA1FF06CC6C36F9" box="[582,774,144,168]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Lake Tanganyika</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="BD9E2ED5FFC96C0FFF66FF39CFB83696" box="[129,210,175,199]" name="Zambia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Zambia</collectingCountry>
, coll.
<location id="C056389EFFC96C0FFEF7FF39CE313696" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D20DF53FFCA6C0FFC42FF70CBAA30AA:C056389EFFC96C0FFEF7FF39CE313696" box="[272,347,175,199]" country="Zambia" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" name="Snoeks" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Snoeks</location>
,
<location id="C056389EFFC96C0FFE80FF26CEA03696" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D20DF53FFCA6C0FFC42FF70CBAA30AA:C056389EFFC96C0FFE80FF26CEA03696" box="[359,458,176,199]" country="Zambia" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" name="Hanssens" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hanssens</location>
,
<location id="C056389EFFC96C0FFE31FF39CD5C3696" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D20DF53FFCA6C0FFC42FF70CBAA30AA:C056389EFFC96C0FFE31FF39CD5C3696" box="[470,566,175,199]" country="Zambia" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" name="Verheyen" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Verheyen</location>
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFC96C0FFDD8FF26CD1A3696" box="[575,624,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
, 2001
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="75E16418FFC96C0FFD58FF39CDC63757" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Burundi" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" location="Brichard" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" pageId="14" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="A398F680FFC96C0FFD58FF39CC603696" box="[703,778,175,199]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">MRAC</collectionCode>
1982.012.P.0013–0015, three,
<quantity id="0271C3A0FFC96C0FFE2DFF58CD1336B7" box="[458,633,206,230]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3325" metricValueMax="1.544" metricValueMin="1.121" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="133.25" valueMax="154.4" valueMin="112.1">112.1–154.4 mm</quantity>
SL, Magara,
<collectingMunicipality id="2552F43FFFC96C0FFF66FF78CE543757" box="[129,318,238,262]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Lake Tanganyika</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="BD9E2ED5FFC96C0FFEB3FF78CEC13757" box="[340,427,238,262]" name="Burundi" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Burundi</collectingCountry>
, coll.
<location id="C056389EFFC96C0FFDE7FF78CD313757" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D20DF53FFCA6C0FFC42FF70CBAA30AA:C056389EFFC96C0FFDE7FF78CD313757" box="[512,603,238,262]" country="Burundi" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" name="Brichard" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Brichard</location>
, 1981.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="75E16418FFC96C0FFD58FF78CEAB3714" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Burundi" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" location="Brichard" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" pageId="14" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="A398F680FFC96C0FFD58FF78CC603757" box="[703,778,238,262]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">MRAC</collectionCode>
1982.012.P.0016, one,
<quantity id="0271C3A0FFC96C0FFE8EFE9BCEBB3774" box="[361,465,269,293]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.216" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="121.6">121.6 mm</quantity>
SL, Magara,
<collectingMunicipality id="2552F43FFFC96C0FFDB1FE9BCC6C3774" box="[598,774,269,293]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Lake Tanganyika</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="BD9E2ED5FFC96C0FFF66FEBBCFB23714" box="[129,216,301,325]" name="Burundi" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Burundi</collectingCountry>
, coll.
<location id="C056389EFFC96C0FFEFAFEBBCE123714" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D20DF53FFCA6C0FFC42FF70CBAA30AA:C056389EFFC96C0FFEFAFEBBCE123714" box="[285,376,301,325]" country="Burundi" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" name="Brichard" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Brichard</location>
, 1981.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="75E16418FFC96C0FFE2BFEBBCDD337D2" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" location="De Vos" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" pageId="14" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="A398F680FFC96C0FFE2BFEBBCD7D3714" box="[460,535,301,325]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">MRAC</collectionCode>
1994.069.P.0289, one,
<quantity id="0271C3A0FFC96C0FFF66FEDACF823732" box="[129,232,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.226" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="122.6">122.6 mm</quantity>
SL, Luhanga, ±
<locationDeviation id="D4847767FFC96C0FFE74FEDACE813735" bearing="180.0" box="[403,491,332,356]" distance="15000.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<quantity id="0271C3A0FFC96C0FFE74FEDACEB93735" box="[403,467,332,356]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
S
</locationDeviation>
. d’Uvira,
<collectingMunicipality id="2552F43FFFC96C0FFDB4FEDACC6C3735" box="[595,774,332,356]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Lake Tanganyika</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="BD9E2ED5FFC96C0FFF66FEFDCE8637D2" box="[129,492,363,387]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
, coll.
<location id="C056389EFFC96C0FFDCFFEFACD1E37D2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D20DF53FFCA6C0FFC42FF70CBAA30AA:C056389EFFC96C0FFDCFFEFACD1E37D2" box="[552,628,364,387]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" name="De Vos" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">De Vos</location>
, 1994.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="75E16418FFC96C0FFD58FEFDCC6C3793" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" location="Matthes" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" pageId="14" pageNumber="14" specimenCode="MRAC 130378" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="952FC63EFFC96C0FFD58FEFDCFB837F2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">MRAC 130378</specimenCode>
, one,
<quantity id="0271C3A0FFC96C0FFEF2FE1DCE1137F3" box="[277,379,395,419]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.427" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="142.7">142.7 mm</quantity>
SL, Ile de Mboko,
<collectingMunicipality id="2552F43FFFC96C0FFDB5FE1DCC6C37F2" box="[594,774,395,419]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Lake Tanganyika</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="BD9E2ED5FFC96C0FFF66FE3CCD7C3793" box="[129,534,426,450]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
, coll.
<location id="C056389EFFC96C0FFD81FE3CCDD13793" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D20DF53FFCA6C0FFC42FF70CBAA30AA:C056389EFFC96C0FFD81FE3CCDD13793" box="[614,699,426,450]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" name="Matthes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Matthes</location>
, 1958
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="75E16418FFC96C0FFF66FE5CCE433471" collectionCode="NMW" country="Zambia" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" location="Reichard" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" pageId="14" pageNumber="14" specimenCode="NMW 100723" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="952FC63EFFC96C0FFF66FE5CCE7137B0" box="[129,283,457,481]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">NMW 100723</specimenCode>
, one,
<quantity id="0271C3A0FFC96C0FFEBEFE5FCEDE37B0" box="[345,436,457,481]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.02" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="90.2">90.2 mm</quantity>
SL, Mpulungu fish market,
<collectingMunicipality id="2552F43FFFC96C0FFD30FE5FCF903450" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Lake Tanganyika</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="BD9E2ED5FFC96C0FFEE9FE7FCE353450" box="[270,351,489,513]" name="Zambia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Zambia</collectingCountry>
, coll.
<location id="C056389EFFC96C0FFE4BFE7FCD613450" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D20DF53FFCA6C0FFC42FF70CBAA30AA:C056389EFFC96C0FFE4BFE7FCD613450" box="[428,523,489,513]" country="Zambia" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" name="Reichard" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Reichard</location>
,
<location id="C056389EFFC96C0FFDF9FE7FCD093450" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D20DF53FFCA6C0FFC42FF70CBAA30AA:C056389EFFC96C0FFDF9FE7FCD093450" box="[542,611,489,513]" country="Zambia" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" name="Blazek" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Blažek</location>
,
<location id="C056389EFFC96C0FFD90FE7FCC623450" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D20DF53FFCA6C0FFC42FF70CBAA30AA:C056389EFFC96C0FFD90FE7FCC623450" box="[631,776,489,513]" country="Zambia" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" name="Zimmermann" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Zimmermann</location>
,
<location id="C056389EFFC96C0FFF66FD9ECF803471" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D20DF53FFCA6C0FFC42FF70CBAA30AA:C056389EFFC96C0FFF66FD9ECF803471" box="[129,234,520,544]" country="Zambia" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" name="Bartakova" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Bartáková</location>
, 2022
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="91F63ECDFFCA6C0CFF96F815CF8F3182" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453777" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14453777" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453777/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[113,178,1923,1947]" targetBox="[146,1426,905,1895]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFCA6C0CFF96F815CF8F3182" blockId="13.[113,1389,1923,2003]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFCA6C0CFF96F815CFA331CA" bold="true" box="[113,201,1923,1947]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 6.</emphasis>
General appearance of
<taxonomicName id="028915C6FFCA6C0CFE41F815CD0631CA" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1900" box="[422,620,1923,1947]" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granulosus">
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFCA6C0CFE41F815CD0631CA" box="[422,620,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Synodontis granulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, NMW 100723 (specimen 22-ZM-308), 90.2 mm SL, Mpulungu fish market. B, BMNH 1906.9.6.40, lectotype,
<taxonomicName id="028915C6FFCA6C0CFC76F836CB6F31E6" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1900" box="[913,1029,1951,1975]" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granulosus">
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFCA6C0CFC76F836CB6F31E6" box="[913,1029,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. granulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 213.1 mm SL, north end of Lake Tanganyika.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFC96C0FFF66FDD4CE463522" blockId="14.[128,779,577,883]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFC96C0FFF66FDD4CEAE3408" box="[129,452,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Diagnosis:
<taxonomicName id="028915C6FFC96C0FFF08FDD7CEAE3408" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1900" box="[239,452,577,601]" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granulosus">Synodontis granulosus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is distinguished from congeners in LT by a unique combination of characters: presence of a large axillary pore; abundant granular papillae on head, body, and fins; dorsal spine pigmented and completely dark; anal fin dark, posterior margin unpigmented and white; 38–49 (median 40) mandibular teeth, arranged in eight symmetric rows of replacement teeth; 90–152 (median 119) primary premaxillary teeth; 0–5 (median 0) secondary branches on inner mandibular barbels; and 41–45 (median 43) total vertebrae, with 22–25 (median 24) caudal vertebrae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8D933DCEFFC96C0FFF66FC03CB4C35A7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFC96C0FFF66FC03CE863278" blockId="14.[128,779,917,1975]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFC96C0FFF66FC03CF9D35FD" box="[129,247,917,940]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Description:</emphasis>
The general appearance of
<taxonomicName id="028915C6FFC96C0FFDC7FC03CDC935FC" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1900" box="[544,675,917,941]" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granulosus">
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFC96C0FFDC7FC03CDC935FC" box="[544,675,917,941]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. granulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is shown in
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFC96C0FFF7AFC22CF9F359D" box="[157,245,948,972]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,905,1895]" captionTargetId="figure-362@13.[146,1426,905,1895]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. General appearance of Synodontis granulosus and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, NMW 100723 (specimen 22-ZM-308), 90.2 mm SL, Mpulungu fish market.B, BMNH 1906.9.6.40, lectotype, S. granulosus, 213.1 mm SL, north end of Lake Tanganyika." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453777" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453777/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure 6</figureCitation>
and Supporting Information, Video S1; axial skeleton in Supporting Information,
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFC96C0FFE35FC45CD2935BA" box="[466,579,979,1003]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="18.[129,194,1615,1639]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-134@18.[161,1441,144,1587]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 8. General appearance of Synodontis multipunctatus and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, NMW 100756 (specimen 23-TZ-331), 116.3 mm SL, Cape Kabogo. B, BMNH 1898.9.9.76, holotype, S.multipunctatus, 222.5 mm SL, Sumbu. C, BMNH 1936.6.15.1206-1226, 214.9 mm SL, Kibanga Bay." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453783/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure S8B</figureCitation>
; and relative measurements, meristic counts, and coded characters are given in Supporting Information, Table S12.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFC96C0FFF7BFBA4CDA633F3" blockId="14.[128,779,917,1975]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Longest examined specimen
<quantity id="0271C3A0FFC96C0FFE2CFBA7CD593218" box="[459,563,1073,1097]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.131" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="213.1">213.1 mm</quantity>
SL (female,
<collectionCode id="A398F680FFC96C0FFD5DFBA4CC633218" box="[698,777,1074,1097]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">BMNH</collectionCode>
1906.9.6.40,
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). Body moderately compressed laterally. Dorsal head profile and predorsal back rising straight or convex to dorsal-fin origin in an angle of 23°–29° (against midline of body). Postdorsal profile falling straight to adipose-fin origin and straight or slightly convex to caudal-fin origin. Body depth at anal-fin insertion greater than half of body depth at dorsal-fin origin. Head dorsoventrally compressed; depth at posterior eye margin almost equal to maximal cranium width. Snout blunt and usually shorter than half of head length. Mouth subterminal, with abundant papillae on lips; width 73.6%–90.8% of snout length. Eye diameter more than one-third of snout length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFC96C0FFF7BFA3CCE47300C" blockId="14.[128,779,917,1975]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Dense, granular papillae on head and body, also extending on fins. Occipitonuchal shield and humeral process deeply rugose and of granular texture. Humeral process usually narrow and elongated; maximal depth 20.4%–35.4% (
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFC96C0FFDD0F99ECD20304E" box="[567,586,1544,1567]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">N</emphasis>
= 5) of its length. Large, conspicuous axillary pore at anterior ventral margin of humeral process.
</paragraph>
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Adipose fin usually well demarcated; basal length 23.7%– 34.6% of SL, extending over 51.3%–67.6% of distance between dorsal-fin insertion and end of caudal peduncle. Adipose-fin insertion distant to end of caudal peduncle. Dorsal fin with two unbranched and seven or eight branched rays; dorsal spine densely serrated on lower anterior edge, poorly marked serrations on upper anterior edge, posterior edge with 8–17 serrae; length of dorsal spine, excluding upper flexible part, 69.8%– 105.0% of head length and slightly longer than length of pectoral spine (excluding upper flexible part). Anal fin with commonly five unbranched and seven or eight branched rays; longest rays reaching beyond level of posterior edge of adipose fin. Pelvic fin with a single unbranched ray and six branched rays. Pectoral fin with a single unbranched ray and commonly eight branched rays; pectoral spine densely serrated on anterior (17–38 serrae) and posterior (13–23 serrae) edges. Pectoral fin usually slightly shorter than pectoral–pelvic distance; in some specimens, tip of pectoral fin reaching above pelvic-fin origin in folded position. Caudal fin forked, with 2 + 15 principal rays; number of upper procurrent rays (9–14, median 12,
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFC96C0FFB78FE1DCBD837F3" box="[1183,1202,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">N</emphasis>
= 13) less than number of lower procurrent rays (10–16, median 15,
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFC96C0FFB00FE3DCB903793" box="[1255,1274,427,450]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">N</emphasis>
= 13).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFC96C0FFCB2FE5FCB23342F" blockId="14.[824,1476,144,1014]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Mandibular teeth 38–49 (median 40,
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFC96C0FFB11FE5CCA6337B0" box="[1270,1289,458,481]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">N</emphasis>
= 15) (
<typeStatus id="1A32D0E7FFC96C0FFAB9FE5FCAA837B0" box="[1374,1474,457,481]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
39), unicuspid, arranged in eight symmetric rows of replacement teeth. Primary premaxillary teeth 90–152 (median 119,
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFC96C0FFCDEFDBECC26346E" box="[825,844,552,575]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">N</emphasis>
= 17) (
<typeStatus id="1A32D0E7FFC96C0FFC7CFDB1CC95346E" box="[923,1023,551,575]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
116), arranged in four or five irregular rows. Secondary and tertiary premaxillary teeth small, arranged in four and two rows, respectively.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFC96C0FFCB2FD13CB0E356B" blockId="14.[824,1476,144,1014]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Maxillary barbels long, usually reaching beyond pectoral-fin insertion. Outer mandibular barbels 28.8%–76.6% of head length, with 3–7 (median 5,
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFC96C0FFB95FD53CBEF348D" box="[1138,1157,709,732]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">N</emphasis>
= 17) primary branches; secondary branches absent. Inner mandibular barbels with 5–9 (median 8,
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFC96C0FFC5BFC95CCA5354B" box="[956,975,771,794]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">N</emphasis>
= 17) primary branches and 0–5 (median 0,
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFC96C0FFCDEFCB5CC26356B" box="[825,844,803,826]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">N</emphasis>
= 17) secondary branches.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFC96C0FFCB2FCD7CCFC35E6" blockId="14.[824,1476,144,1014]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Total vertebrae 41–45 (median 43,
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFC96C0FFB2FFCD4CBB13508" box="[1224,1243,834,857]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">N</emphasis>
= 16) (
<typeStatus id="1A32D0E7FFC96C0FFACBFCD7CAFA3508" box="[1324,1424,833,857]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
43), abdominal vertebrae 17–20 (median 19), preanal caudal vertebrae 3–4 (median 3), and postanal caudal vertebrae 19–22 (median 21).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFC96C0FFCB2FC29CB4C35A7" blockId="14.[824,1476,144,1014]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
In
<specimenCount id="D38FA5CCFFC96C0FFC97FC29CC973586" box="[880,1021,959,983]" count="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
(
<quantity id="0271C3A0FFC96C0FFBECFC29CB033587" box="[1035,1129,959,983]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.02" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="90.2">90.2 mm</quantity>
SL), length of digestive tract (not stretched) ~59% of SL.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8D933DCEFFC96C0FFCDEFB81CB6F3054" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFC96C0FFCDEFB81CAA9335A" blockId="14.[825,1476,1047,1541]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFC96C0FFCDEFB81CCCF327E" box="[825,933,1047,1071]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Coloration:</emphasis>
In life (Supporting Information, Video S1), body coloration usually dark brown, dark grey, or black. Ventral side cream in colour, white, or greyish. Some individuals with black spots on lateral side and head, ventral side commonly without spots. Rayed fins pigmented and black, posterior margins unpigmented and white. Dorsal spine black. Lobes of caudal fin black, posterior margin white, narrow unpigmented edges at upper and lower margins. Maxillary and mandibular barbels white. Iris copper coloured.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFC96C0FFCB2FA84CA3F33F6" blockId="14.[825,1476,1047,1541]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
In formalin (initial fixation) and later transferred to 75% ethanol (
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFC96C0FFC7FFAA7CC883318" box="[920,994,1329,1353]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,905,1895]" captionTargetId="figure-362@13.[146,1426,905,1895]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. General appearance of Synodontis granulosus and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, NMW 100723 (specimen 22-ZM-308), 90.2 mm SL, Mpulungu fish market.B, BMNH 1906.9.6.40, lectotype, S. granulosus, 213.1 mm SL, north end of Lake Tanganyika." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453777" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453777/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
), coloration of body and fins similar to that in live specimens, but less whitish and more cream coloured. First branched dorsal-fin ray: 78% pigmented and dark (from base) vs. 22% unpigmented and cream coloured (from tip).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFC96C0FFCB2FA39CB6F3054" blockId="14.[825,1476,1047,1541]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
After long-term preservation in 75% ethanol (
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFC96C0FFAC3FA39CA003396" box="[1316,1386,1455,1479]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,905,1895]" captionTargetId="figure-362@13.[146,1426,905,1895]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. General appearance of Synodontis granulosus and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, NMW 100723 (specimen 22-ZM-308), 90.2 mm SL, Mpulungu fish market.B, BMNH 1906.9.6.40, lectotype, S. granulosus, 213.1 mm SL, north end of Lake Tanganyika." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453777" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453777/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
), historical specimens brown. Some specimens with dark spots on head, lateral side, and fins.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8D933DCEFFC96C0FFCDEF9B1CBAA30AA" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFC96C0FFCDEF9B1CBAA30AA" blockId="14.[824,1475,1575,1787]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFC96C0FFCDEF9B1CB44306E" box="[825,1070,1575,1599]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribution and habitat:</emphasis>
Endemic to LT (
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFC96C0FFB39F9B1CA7C306E" box="[1246,1302,1575,1599]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[113,178,1592,1616]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1563]" captionTargetId="graphics-191@3.[127,1422,144,1563]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Map of the Lake Tanganyika basin, including distinct deep-water basins (northern, central, and southern basins) and sampling sites of all examined specimens.Taxonomic diversity of Synodontis species is based on the studies by Poll (1971) and Wright and Page (2006)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453765/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Recorded over rocky benthic habitats between
<quantity id="0271C3A0FFC96C0FFB6CF9D0CBA9300C" box="[1163,1219,1606,1630]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
(Mahale National Park, Nganja point: H. Büscher, pers. comm.) and
<quantity id="0271C3A0FFC96C0FFAFCF9F3CA0A302C" box="[1307,1376,1637,1661]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="130.0">130 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A11813B4FFC96C0FFA94F9F3CC0730CC" author="Coulter GW" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref33469" refString="Coulter GW (ed.). Lake Tanganyika and its Life. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991." type="book" year="1991">Coulter 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="028915C6FFC96C0FFC6FF913CB0930CC" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1900" box="[904,1123,1669,1693]" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granulosus">
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFC96C0FFC6FF913CB0930CC" box="[904,1123,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Synodontis granulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be more common in deep-water habitats, because the species was seen only twice in a depth shallower than
<quantity id="0271C3A0FFC96C0FFBF6F955CB2E308A" box="[1041,1092,1731,1755]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
during&gt;800
<collectionCode id="A398F680FFC96C0FFB2CF955CA74308A" box="[1227,1310,1731,1755]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">SCUBA</collectionCode>
dives in
<collectingCountry id="BD9E2ED5FFC96C0FFA94F955CAA8308A" box="[1395,1474,1731,1755]" name="Zambia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Zambia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="BD9E2ED5FFC96C0FFC83F975CCAA30AA" box="[868,960,1763,1787]" name="Tanzania" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
between 2019 and 2023.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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