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<document id="1C1DAB8F023E7EA764940773759256BE" ID-CLB-Dataset="50763" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.171769" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fb7449af-36c3-4568-8371-4c920e16eedc" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="171769" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459757298429" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hamada, Neusa, Hernandez, Luis M., Luz, Sergio Luiz Bessa &amp; Pepinelli, Mateus" docDate="2006" docId="03DC87FB0212207FFEA2FEC7BABEF8A0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01123p037.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1123" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Simulium (Chirostilbia) jefersoni Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli 2006, New Species" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="FFE5FF8302102074FFAAFFDBBE05FFF2" masterDocTitle="Simulium (Chirostilbia) jefersoni, a new species of black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the state of Bahia, Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="21" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1698218302930" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="1CB0BCFF3CF5CB37A4DDB2B22BE162FC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="40704D2E6487C364CD7CEDC12F4CFC50">
<mods:title id="EA06F2B581C7A5151B1689551907273F">Simulium (Chirostilbia) jefersoni, a new species of black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the state of Bahia, Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="848B23226B5A4DD650160672B549C828">Hamada, Neusa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4B9A2E58E337623AB748CD927F1F6876">Hernandez, Luis M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A1674BFCB5EBD7927AC9D192BD99B0BD">Luz, Sergio Luiz Bessa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BD2DC078D17D1227CB11AAE369B95ECF">Pepinelli, Mateus</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B60757CD3CD779597D6CAD77F27DB9FC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="DED362E1F84DC8259DD8995CE6F90AF2">
<mods:date id="208DAAEDFE4C1EF55BBE7814983B2DA2">2006</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="A158366991B6DA0FAE1A61F702901C89" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="02CEB1680C33C4C56F7ADFB6CDE85055">2006-02-08</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0EE4968D93E031E8EC67EE1A51EA1A8B">1123</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="EF0108A75486516D8BAED26C96B54689">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8436C80D0FDE55A86A8F59CF7920371F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.171769</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DC87FB0212207FFEA2FEC7BABEF8A0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6255795" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119343987" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6255795" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC87FB0212207FFEA2FEC7BABEF8A0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC87FB0212207FFEA2FEC7BABEF8A0" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
<subSubSection id="C36F656602122076FEA2FEC7BF92FEAB" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCA36ED02122076FEA2FEC7BB1FFEC7" blockId="2.[264,1306,283,345]" box="[264,1306,283,310]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
<heading id="D082818102122076FEA2FEC7BB1FFEC7" bold="true" box="[264,1306,283,310]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02122076FEA2FEC7BB1FFEC7" bold="true" box="[264,1306,283,310]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E02122076FEA2FEC7BA7CFEC7" ID-CoL="8DX7S" authority="Hamada, Hernandez, Luz &amp; Pepinelli" authorityName="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli" authorityYear="2006" box="[264,1145,283,310]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jefersoni" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Chirostilbia">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02122076FEA2FEC7BF7BFEC4" bold="true" box="[264,382,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Simulium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02122076FE3AFEC7BC1AFEC4" bold="true" box="[400,543,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Chirostilbia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02122076FD9AFEC7BC9FFEC4" bold="true" box="[560,666,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">jefersoni</emphasis>
Hamada, Hernández, Luz &amp; Pepinelli
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A232578402122076FB2BFEC0BB1FFEC7" box="[1153,1306,283,309]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" rank="species">New Species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCA36ED02122076FEA2FEE4BF92FEAB" blockId="2.[264,1306,283,345]" box="[264,407,319,345]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
(
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802122076FEBBFEE4BF8BFEAB" box="[273,398,319,345]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStart-1="FIGURES 5 – 13" captionStart-2="FIGURES 14 – 17" captionStart-3="FIGURES 18 – 24" captionStart-4="FIGURES 25 – 28" captionStart-5="FIGURES 29 – 36" captionStart-6="FIGURE 37" captionStart-7="FIGURE 38" captionStart-8="FIGURES 39 – 45" captionStartId-0="3.[264,382,1108,1132]" captionStartId-1="4.[264,382,1578,1602]" captionStartId-2="5.[264,383,1210,1234]" captionStartId-3="7.[264,383,1730,1754]" captionStartId-4="8.[264,383,972,996]" captionStartId-5="10.[264,383,1446,1470]" captionStartId-6="12.[264,368,1714,1738]" captionStartId-7="13.[264,367,1690,1714]" captionStartId-8="14.[264,383,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox-0="[279,1308,566,1080]" captionTargetBox-1="[298,1310,897,1546]" captionTargetBox-2="[283,1300,406,1183]" captionTargetBox-3="[286,1303,845,1698]" captionTargetBox-4="[303,1278,329,938]" captionTargetBox-5="[273,1310,322,1412]" captionTargetBox-6="[275,1309,370,1676]" captionTargetBox-7="[284,1321,339,1654]" captionTargetBox-8="[267,1323,342,1563]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[276,1312,561,1081]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[277,1310,874,1573]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[276,1312,406,1184]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[276,1310,845,1713]" captionTargetId-4="figure@8.[297,1289,318,947]" captionTargetId-5="figure@10.[267,1324,318,1418]" captionTargetId-6="figure@12.[264,1323,361,1690]" captionTargetId-7="figure@13.[264,1323,326,1666]" captionTargetId-8="figure@14.[264,1323,326,1564]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionTargetPageId-5="10" captionTargetPageId-6="12" captionTargetPageId-7="13" captionTargetPageId-8="14" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 4. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) female. 1, 2. Scutum (dorsal length = 0.92 mm). 1. Dorsal view, anterior illumination. 2. Dorsal view, posterior illumination. 3, 4. Abdomen (lateral dorsal length = 1.17 mm). 3. Lateral view. 4. Dorsal view." captionText-1="FIGURES 5 – 13. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) female. 5. Maxillary palp (fifth palpomere length = 0.21 mm). 6. Antenna (length = 0.42 mm). 7. Cibarium (internal distance between cornuae = 0.07 mm). 8. Fronto­ocular triangle. 9. Wing base. 10. Foreleg (femur length = 0.40 mm). 11. Middle leg (femur length = 0.43 mm). 12. Hindleg (femur length = 0.51 mm). 13. Foreleg tarsal claw." captionText-2="FIGURES 14 – 17. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) female. 14. Hypogynial lobes, ventral view. 15. Cercus and anal lobe (cercus basal length = 0.07 mm), lateral view. 16. Genital fork (stem length = 0.16 mm). 17. Groups of internal spicules in the spermatheca." captionText-3="FIGURES 18 – 24. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) male. 18, 19. Scutum (median dorsal length = 0.77 mm). 18. Dorsal view, anterior illumination. 19. Dorsal view, posterior illumination. 20. Antenna (length = 0.50 mm). 21. Maxillary palp (fifth palpomere length = 0.14 mm). 22. Tarsal claw. 23, 24. Abdomen (lateral dorsal length = 1.15 mm). 23. Lateral view. 24. Dorsal view." captionText-4="FIGURES 25 – 28. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) male. 25. Paramere. 26. Median sclerite (length = 0.12 mm). 27. Ventral plate (widest width = 0.17 mm). 28. Gonocoxite and gonostyle (gonostyle length = 0.08 mm)." captionText-5="FIGURES 29 – 36. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) pupa. 29, 30. Habitus. 29. Lateral view (length = 3.40 mm). 30. Dorsal view. 31. Gill filaments (length = 1.90 mm). 32. Thoracic trichomes (trichomes length = 0.28 mm). 33. Frontoclypeus (antennal sheath length = 0.38 mm). 34. Frontoclypeus trichomes (trichome length = 0.27 mm). 35. Antenal sheath. 36. Cephalic tubercles." captionText-6="FIGURE 37. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) pupa. Abdomen, dorsal view, a: lateral setae on tergite II; b: setae and hooks on tergite III; c: hooks on tergite IV; d: microspine combs on tergites II, VI – IX; e: spine comb resembling teeth on tergite VIII." captionText-7="FIGURE 38. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) pupae. Abdomen, ventral view (distance between second and third hooks of sternite VII = 0.20 mm), a: group of microspines on sternites III – V; b: hooks on sternite VI; c: hooks on sternite VII; d: hooks on sternite VIII." captionText-8="FIGURES 39 – 45. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) larvae. 39. Larval habitus, lateral view (length = 6.2 mm). 40. Hypostoma (widest width = 0.18 mm). 41. Ventral view of postgenal cleft. 42. Antenna (length = 0.19 mm). 43, 44. Head capsule (length = 0.87 mm). 43. Dorsal view. 44. Ventral view. 45. Anal sclerite (short arms length = 0.20 mm)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/171770/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/171771/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/171772/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/171773/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/171774/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/171775/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/171776/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/171777/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/171778/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Figs. 1–45</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36F65660212207CFEA2FE55BFD9FB69" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCA36ED02122076FEA2FE55BF45FDD3" blockId="2.[264,1325,398,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02122076FEA2FE55BF66FE5A" bold="true" box="[264,355,398,424]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802122076FEDEFE54BFF1FE5B" box="[372,500,399,425]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStart-1="FIGURES 5 – 13" captionStart-2="FIGURES 14 – 17" captionStartId-0="3.[264,382,1108,1132]" captionStartId-1="4.[264,382,1578,1602]" captionStartId-2="5.[264,383,1210,1234]" captionTargetBox-0="[279,1308,566,1080]" captionTargetBox-1="[298,1310,897,1546]" captionTargetBox-2="[283,1300,406,1183]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[276,1312,561,1081]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[277,1310,874,1573]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[276,1312,406,1184]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 4. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) female. 1, 2. Scutum (dorsal length = 0.92 mm). 1. Dorsal view, anterior illumination. 2. Dorsal view, posterior illumination. 3, 4. Abdomen (lateral dorsal length = 1.17 mm). 3. Lateral view. 4. Dorsal view." captionText-1="FIGURES 5 – 13. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) female. 5. Maxillary palp (fifth palpomere length = 0.21 mm). 6. Antenna (length = 0.42 mm). 7. Cibarium (internal distance between cornuae = 0.07 mm). 8. Fronto­ocular triangle. 9. Wing base. 10. Foreleg (femur length = 0.40 mm). 11. Middle leg (femur length = 0.43 mm). 12. Hindleg (femur length = 0.51 mm). 13. Foreleg tarsal claw." captionText-2="FIGURES 14 – 17. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) female. 14. Hypogynial lobes, ventral view. 15. Cercus and anal lobe (cercus basal length = 0.07 mm), lateral view. 16. Genital fork (stem length = 0.16 mm). 17. Groups of internal spicules in the spermatheca." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/171770/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/171771/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/171772/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Figs. 1–17</figureCitation>
). General body color dark brown to black (specimens recovered from alcohol) (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802122076FED7FE6CBFF0FE23" box="[381,501,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1108,1132]" captionTargetBox="[279,1308,566,1080]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[276,1312,561,1081]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) female. 1, 2. Scutum (dorsal length = 0.92 mm). 1. Dorsal view, anterior illumination. 2. Dorsal view, posterior illumination. 3, 4. Abdomen (lateral dorsal length = 1.17 mm). 3. Lateral view. 4. Dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171770/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
). Body length (specimens in alcohol) 2.6–3.0 mm (
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02122076FBD0FE6CBA8CFE22" box="[1146,1161,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">n</emphasis>
= 3); thorax lateral length
<quantity id="4C8D9B0802122076FE03FE04BC06FE0B" box="[425,515,479,505]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02122076FDB9FE04BC27FE0A" box="[531,546,479,504]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">n</emphasis>
= 3). Wing length
<quantity id="4C8D9B0802122076FD55FE04BD89FE0B" box="[767,908,479,505]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="1.55" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.8 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02122076FC37FE04BDA9FE0A" box="[925,940,479,504]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">n</emphasis>
= 3); wing width
<quantity id="4C8D9B0802122076FBD4FE04BB0EFE0B" box="[1150,1291,479,505]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.7">0.7–0.8 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02122076FAB6FE04BB2EFE0A" box="[1308,1323,479,504]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">n</emphasis>
= 3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCA36ED02122077FE92FDF4BDC8FE0C" blockId="2.[264,1325,398,1905]" lastBlockId="3.[264,1325,284,510]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
Head dichoptic with dark red eyes and fronto­ocular triangle well developed (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802122076FB79FDF4BB1EFDBB" box="[1235,1307,559,585]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 13" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1578,1602]" captionTargetBox="[298,1310,897,1546]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[277,1310,874,1573]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 13. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) female. 5. Maxillary palp (fifth palpomere length = 0.21 mm). 6. Antenna (length = 0.42 mm). 7. Cibarium (internal distance between cornuae = 0.07 mm). 8. Fronto­ocular triangle. 9. Wing base. 10. Foreleg (femur length = 0.40 mm). 11. Middle leg (femur length = 0.43 mm). 12. Hindleg (femur length = 0.51 mm). 13. Foreleg tarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171771/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Frons, clypeus, and occiput black, with silver pruinosity; clypeus and frons covered with dark, erect setae. Antennae with silver pubescence,
<quantity id="4C8D9B0802122076FCD4FDA4BA29FD6B" box="[894,1068,639,665]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.42" valueMax="0.44" valueMin="0.4">0.40–0.44 mm</quantity>
in length; scape and pedicel pale brown, remaining segments dark brown (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802122076FC05FD7CBDF8FD33" box="[943,1021,679,705]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 13" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1578,1602]" captionTargetBox="[298,1310,897,1546]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[277,1310,874,1573]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 13. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) female. 5. Maxillary palp (fifth palpomere length = 0.21 mm). 6. Antenna (length = 0.42 mm). 7. Cibarium (internal distance between cornuae = 0.07 mm). 8. Fronto­ocular triangle. 9. Wing base. 10. Foreleg (femur length = 0.40 mm). 11. Middle leg (femur length = 0.43 mm). 12. Hindleg (femur length = 0.51 mm). 13. Foreleg tarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171771/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Maxillary palpus dark brown; sensory vesicle elongated occupying more than 1/3 length of palpomere III; palpomere V twice length of palpomere III and IV (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802122076FC2CFD2CBDD4FCE3" box="[902,977,759,785]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 13" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1578,1602]" captionTargetBox="[298,1310,897,1546]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[277,1310,874,1573]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 13. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) female. 5. Maxillary palp (fifth palpomere length = 0.21 mm). 6. Antenna (length = 0.42 mm). 7. Cibarium (internal distance between cornuae = 0.07 mm). 8. Fronto­ocular triangle. 9. Wing base. 10. Foreleg (femur length = 0.40 mm). 11. Middle leg (femur length = 0.43 mm). 12. Hindleg (femur length = 0.51 mm). 13. Foreleg tarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171771/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Mandible with 12 external serrations and 34–38 internal teeth. Lacinia with 25 or 26 retrorse teeth. Cibarium with well­developed, sclerotized cornuae, without teeth (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802122076FC2AFC9CBDC8FC93" box="[896,973,839,865]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 13" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1578,1602]" captionTargetBox="[298,1310,897,1546]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[277,1310,874,1573]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 13. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) female. 5. Maxillary palp (fifth palpomere length = 0.21 mm). 6. Antenna (length = 0.42 mm). 7. Cibarium (internal distance between cornuae = 0.07 mm). 8. Fronto­ocular triangle. 9. Wing base. 10. Foreleg (femur length = 0.40 mm). 11. Middle leg (femur length = 0.43 mm). 12. Hindleg (femur length = 0.51 mm). 13. Foreleg tarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171771/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Thorax with scutum black covered by evenly arranged, recumbent, whitish setae; posterior margin with short, recumbent, whitish setae. Scutal pattern varying with illumination. With anterior illumination, thorax black with 1+1 median and 1+1 sublateral, silver pruinose vittae extending from anterior to posterior margin of thorax and black lyre­shaped pattern; humeri pale brown with faint gray pruinosity; lateral and posterior margins black (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802122076FB7EFBD4BB1CFBDB" box="[1236,1305,1039,1065]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1108,1132]" captionTargetBox="[279,1308,566,1080]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[276,1312,561,1081]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) female. 1, 2. Scutum (dorsal length = 0.92 mm). 1. Dorsal view, anterior illumination. 2. Dorsal view, posterior illumination. 3, 4. Abdomen (lateral dorsal length = 1.17 mm). 3. Lateral view. 4. Dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171770/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). With posterior illumination, lyre­shaped pattern silver pruinose on black scutum; humeri weakly pale brown and lateral margins weakly silver pruinose; posterior margin black (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802122076FEBBFB5CBF58FB53" box="[273,349,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1108,1132]" captionTargetBox="[279,1308,566,1080]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[276,1312,561,1081]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) female. 1, 2. Scutum (dorsal length = 0.92 mm). 1. Dorsal view, anterior illumination. 2. Dorsal view, posterior illumination. 3, 4. Abdomen (lateral dorsal length = 1.17 mm). 3. Lateral view. 4. Dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171770/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Anepisternum dark brown; katepisternum light brown. Scutellum dark brown with recumbent whitish setae interspersed with long, black bristles. Postnotum dark brown with silver pruinosity. Pleura dark brown with silver pruinosity. Costa of wing with sparse distribution of spines and setae. Subcosta with line of few setae up to half length of vein (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802122076FEBBFAFCBF58FAB3" box="[273,349,1319,1345]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 13" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1578,1602]" captionTargetBox="[298,1310,897,1546]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[277,1310,874,1573]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 13. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) female. 5. Maxillary palp (fifth palpomere length = 0.21 mm). 6. Antenna (length = 0.42 mm). 7. Cibarium (internal distance between cornuae = 0.07 mm). 8. Fronto­ocular triangle. 9. Wing base. 10. Foreleg (femur length = 0.40 mm). 11. Middle leg (femur length = 0.43 mm). 12. Hindleg (femur length = 0.51 mm). 13. Foreleg tarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171771/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Radius with line of setae intermixed with spines apically; basal section bare. Basal tuft of long, dark setae (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802122076FDDCFA94BCC5FA9B" box="[630,704,1359,1385]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 13" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1578,1602]" captionTargetBox="[298,1310,897,1546]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[277,1310,874,1573]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 13. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) female. 5. Maxillary palp (fifth palpomere length = 0.21 mm). 6. Antenna (length = 0.42 mm). 7. Cibarium (internal distance between cornuae = 0.07 mm). 8. Fronto­ocular triangle. 9. Wing base. 10. Foreleg (femur length = 0.40 mm). 11. Middle leg (femur length = 0.43 mm). 12. Hindleg (femur length = 0.51 mm). 13. Foreleg tarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171771/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Leg coloration and proportions as in
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802122076FB3CFA94BB22FA9B" box="[1174,1319,1359,1385]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 13" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1578,1602]" captionTargetBox="[298,1310,897,1546]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[277,1310,874,1573]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 13. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) female. 5. Maxillary palp (fifth palpomere length = 0.21 mm). 6. Antenna (length = 0.42 mm). 7. Cibarium (internal distance between cornuae = 0.07 mm). 8. Fronto­ocular triangle. 9. Wing base. 10. Foreleg (femur length = 0.40 mm). 11. Middle leg (femur length = 0.43 mm). 12. Hindleg (femur length = 0.51 mm). 13. Foreleg tarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171771/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Figs. 10–12</figureCitation>
. Fore leg with coxa, trochanter, femur, and tibiae yellow; apex of tibia weakly pale brown; basitarsus and tarsomeres I–IV dark brown (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802122076FCA5FA44BD60FA4B" box="[783,869,1439,1465]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 13" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1578,1602]" captionTargetBox="[298,1310,897,1546]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[277,1310,874,1573]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 13. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) female. 5. Maxillary palp (fifth palpomere length = 0.21 mm). 6. Antenna (length = 0.42 mm). 7. Cibarium (internal distance between cornuae = 0.07 mm). 8. Fronto­ocular triangle. 9. Wing base. 10. Foreleg (femur length = 0.40 mm). 11. Middle leg (femur length = 0.43 mm). 12. Hindleg (femur length = 0.51 mm). 13. Foreleg tarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171771/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). Middle leg pale yellow except apical two­thirds of basitarsus and tarsomeres I–IV dark brown to black and one­third of basitarsus whitish (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802122076FE41FA34BC47F9FB" box="[491,578,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 13" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1578,1602]" captionTargetBox="[298,1310,897,1546]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[277,1310,874,1573]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 13. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) female. 5. Maxillary palp (fifth palpomere length = 0.21 mm). 6. Antenna (length = 0.42 mm). 7. Cibarium (internal distance between cornuae = 0.07 mm). 8. Fronto­ocular triangle. 9. Wing base. 10. Foreleg (femur length = 0.40 mm). 11. Middle leg (femur length = 0.43 mm). 12. Hindleg (femur length = 0.51 mm). 13. Foreleg tarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171771/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
).
<collectingCountry id="F362767D02122076FDF3FA34BC91F9FB" box="[601,660,1519,1545]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Hind</collectingCountry>
leg with coxa, apex of femur, half of tibiae, apical onethird of basitarsus, and tarsomeres I–IV dark brown, remainder of hind leg pale yellow (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802122076FEBBF9E4BF6BF9AB" box="[273,366,1599,1625]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 13" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1578,1602]" captionTargetBox="[298,1310,897,1546]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[277,1310,874,1573]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 13. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) female. 5. Maxillary palp (fifth palpomere length = 0.21 mm). 6. Antenna (length = 0.42 mm). 7. Cibarium (internal distance between cornuae = 0.07 mm). 8. Fronto­ocular triangle. 9. Wing base. 10. Foreleg (femur length = 0.40 mm). 11. Middle leg (femur length = 0.43 mm). 12. Hindleg (femur length = 0.51 mm). 13. Foreleg tarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171771/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). Claws curved with basal tooth (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802122076FCB0F9E4BD72F9AB" box="[794,887,1599,1625]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 13" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1578,1602]" captionTargetBox="[298,1310,897,1546]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[277,1310,874,1573]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 13. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) female. 5. Maxillary palp (fifth palpomere length = 0.21 mm). 6. Antenna (length = 0.42 mm). 7. Cibarium (internal distance between cornuae = 0.07 mm). 8. Fronto­ocular triangle. 9. Wing base. 10. Foreleg (femur length = 0.40 mm). 11. Middle leg (femur length = 0.43 mm). 12. Hindleg (femur length = 0.51 mm). 13. Foreleg tarsal claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171771/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
). Halteres cream with brown base. Abdomen with tergites I–IX dark brown to black (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802122076FCF7F9BCBDD4F973" box="[861,977,1639,1665]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1108,1132]" captionTargetBox="[279,1308,566,1080]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[276,1312,561,1081]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) female. 1, 2. Scutum (dorsal length = 0.92 mm). 1. Dorsal view, anterior illumination. 2. Dorsal view, posterior illumination. 3, 4. Abdomen (lateral dorsal length = 1.17 mm). 3. Lateral view. 4. Dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171770/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Figs. 3, 4</figureCitation>
); tergite II silver pruinose on anterolateral margins. Basal fringe with thin, long, golden hairs. Tergal plates developed; sternal plates undeveloped. Sternites grayish black; genitalia dark brown. Eighth sternite weakly sclerotized with irregularly distributed setae on posterior margin; hypogynial valves (= gonapophyses) nearly same length as eighth sternite at its midpoint, subtriangular, membranous except weakly sclerotized on internal margins (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802122076FB17F8F4BB18F8BB" box="[1213,1309,1839,1865]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 17" captionStartId="5.[264,383,1210,1234]" captionTargetBox="[283,1300,406,1183]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[276,1312,406,1184]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 17. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) female. 14. Hypogynial lobes, ventral view. 15. Cercus and anal lobe (cercus basal length = 0.07 mm), lateral view. 16. Genital fork (stem length = 0.16 mm). 17. Groups of internal spicules in the spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171772/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). Cercus subquadrangular, covered with long, brown setae; anal lobe (= paraproct) subtriangular, nearly one and one­half times longer than cercus, sclerotized and covered by long setae basally and small hairs on distal region of posterior margin (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802132077FBC9FE9FBAB9FEAC" box="[1123,1212,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 17" captionStartId="5.[264,383,1210,1234]" captionTargetBox="[283,1300,406,1183]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[276,1312,406,1184]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 17. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) female. 14. Hypogynial lobes, ventral view. 15. Cercus and anal lobe (cercus basal length = 0.07 mm), lateral view. 16. Genital fork (stem length = 0.16 mm). 17. Groups of internal spicules in the spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171772/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
). Genital fork stout, sclerotized with apical termination of stem expanded; termination of lateral arm almost straight; anterior process developed, rounded apically; posterior processes poorly developed (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802132077FE39FE67BFE8FE24" box="[403,493,444,470]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 17" captionStartId="5.[264,383,1210,1234]" captionTargetBox="[283,1300,406,1183]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[276,1312,406,1184]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 17. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) female. 14. Hypogynial lobes, ventral view. 15. Cercus and anal lobe (cercus basal length = 0.07 mm), lateral view. 16. Genital fork (stem length = 0.16 mm). 17. Groups of internal spicules in the spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171772/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
). Spermatheca globular, with internal spicules in groups of 2–4 (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802132077FB57FE67BF2DFE0C" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 17" captionStartId="5.[264,383,1210,1234]" captionTargetBox="[283,1300,406,1183]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[276,1312,406,1184]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 17. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) female. 14. Hypogynial lobes, ventral view. 15. Cercus and anal lobe (cercus basal length = 0.07 mm), lateral view. 16. Genital fork (stem length = 0.16 mm). 17. Groups of internal spicules in the spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171772/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
); spermathecal duct and area of attachment unpigmented.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0A666502132077FEA2FB8FBA31FB40" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171770/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" targetBox="[279,1308,566,1080]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BCA36ED02132077FEA2FB8FBA31FB40" blockId="3.[264,1323,1107,1203]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02132077FEA2FB8FBFABFB9E" bold="true" box="[264,430,1107,1133]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">FIGURES 1–4</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E02132077FE16FB8EBC81FB9E" authority="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli, 2006" authorityName="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli" authorityYear="2006" box="[444,644,1109,1132]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jefersoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02132077FE16FB8EBC81FB9E" box="[444,644,1109,1132]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Simulium jefersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A232578402132077FD21FB8EBCC1FB9E" box="[651,708,1109,1132]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E02132077FD78FB8EBD2DFB9E" box="[722,808,1109,1132]" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E02132077FC9BFB8EBDA3FB9E" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1834" box="[817,934,1109,1132]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Simuliidae</taxonomicName>
) female.
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02132077FBA0FB8FBA37FB9E" bold="true" box="[1034,1074,1108,1132]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">1, 2</emphasis>
. Scutum (dorsal length = 0.92 mm).
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02132077FE35FBA3BFA9FB62" bold="true" box="[415,428,1144,1168]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">1</emphasis>
. Dorsal view, anterior illumination.
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02132077FCEFFBA3BD57FB62" bold="true" box="[837,850,1144,1168]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">2</emphasis>
. Dorsal view, posterior illumination.
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02132077FB52FBA3BB26FB62" bold="true" box="[1272,1315,1144,1168]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">3, 4</emphasis>
. Abdomen (lateral dorsal length = 1.17 mm).
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02132077FD4CFB40BCF6FB41" bold="true" box="[742,755,1179,1203]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">3</emphasis>
. Lateral view.
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02132077FC38FB40BD9AFB41" bold="true" box="[914,927,1179,1203]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">4</emphasis>
. Dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCA36ED02132077FE92FAD6BFC5FA52" blockId="3.[264,1325,1293,1880]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02132077FE92FAD6BF72FAD5" bold="true" box="[312,375,1293,1319]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802132077FE3AFAD5BC2DFADA" box="[400,552,1294,1320]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 18 – 24" captionStart-1="FIGURES 25 – 28" captionStartId-0="7.[264,383,1730,1754]" captionStartId-1="8.[264,383,972,996]" captionTargetBox-0="[286,1303,845,1698]" captionTargetBox-1="[303,1278,329,938]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[276,1310,845,1713]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[297,1289,318,947]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="FIGURES 18 – 24. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) male. 18, 19. Scutum (median dorsal length = 0.77 mm). 18. Dorsal view, anterior illumination. 19. Dorsal view, posterior illumination. 20. Antenna (length = 0.50 mm). 21. Maxillary palp (fifth palpomere length = 0.14 mm). 22. Tarsal claw. 23, 24. Abdomen (lateral dorsal length = 1.15 mm). 23. Lateral view. 24. Dorsal view." captionText-1="FIGURES 25 – 28. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) male. 25. Paramere. 26. Median sclerite (length = 0.12 mm). 27. Ventral plate (widest width = 0.17 mm). 28. Gonocoxite and gonostyle (gonostyle length = 0.08 mm)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/171773/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/171774/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Figs. 18–28</figureCitation>
). General body color dark brown (specimen recovered from alcohol) (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802132077FED0FAEDBC69FAA2" box="[378,620,1334,1360]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 24" captionStartId="7.[264,383,1730,1754]" captionTargetBox="[286,1303,845,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[276,1310,845,1713]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 24. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) male. 18, 19. Scutum (median dorsal length = 0.77 mm). 18. Dorsal view, anterior illumination. 19. Dorsal view, posterior illumination. 20. Antenna (length = 0.50 mm). 21. Maxillary palp (fifth palpomere length = 0.14 mm). 22. Tarsal claw. 23, 24. Abdomen (lateral dorsal length = 1.15 mm). 23. Lateral view. 24. Dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171773/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Figs. 18, 19, 23, 24</figureCitation>
). Body length (specimens in alcohol) 2.2–3.0 mm (
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02132077FB7DFAEDBAE3FABD" box="[1239,1254,1334,1359]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
= 3); thorax lateral length
<quantity id="4C8D9B0802132077FE54FA85BCAFFA8A" box="[510,682,1374,1400]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="7.8" metricValueMin="7.199999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.78" valueMin="0.72">0.72–0.78 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02132077FD11FA85BCCFFA85" box="[699,714,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
= 3). Wing length
<quantity id="4C8D9B0802132077FC07FA85BA3EFA8A" box="[941,1083,1374,1400]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="2.05" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.6">1.6–2.5 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02132077FBE6FA85BA5EFA85" box="[1100,1115,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
= 3); wing width
<quantity id="4C8D9B0802132077FEA2FA5DBF64FA52" box="[264,353,1414,1440]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02132077FED9FA5DBF87FA6D" box="[371,386,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
= 3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCA36ED02132070FE92FA75BA3FFCCC" blockId="3.[264,1325,1293,1880]" lastBlockId="4.[264,1323,284,830]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
Head holoptic with dark red eyes. Antenna with whitish pubescense,
<quantity id="4C8D9B0802132077FB31FA75BB0CFA3A" box="[1179,1289,1454,1480]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.50 mm</quantity>
in length; scape, pedicel, and first flagellomere light brown, remaining flagellomeres dark brown (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802132077FECDFA25BFC6F9EA" box="[359,451,1534,1560]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 24" captionStartId="7.[264,383,1730,1754]" captionTargetBox="[286,1303,845,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[276,1310,845,1713]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 24. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) male. 18, 19. Scutum (median dorsal length = 0.77 mm). 18. Dorsal view, anterior illumination. 19. Dorsal view, posterior illumination. 20. Antenna (length = 0.50 mm). 21. Maxillary palp (fifth palpomere length = 0.14 mm). 22. Tarsal claw. 23, 24. Abdomen (lateral dorsal length = 1.15 mm). 23. Lateral view. 24. Dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171773/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
). Palpus dark brown, sensory vesicle small, occupying less than 1/5 of palpomere III; palpomere V about 1.6 times as long as palpomeres III and IV (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802132077FB6BF9FDBB1EF9B2" box="[1217,1307,1574,1600]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 24" captionStartId="7.[264,383,1730,1754]" captionTargetBox="[286,1303,845,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[276,1310,845,1713]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 24. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) male. 18, 19. Scutum (median dorsal length = 0.77 mm). 18. Dorsal view, anterior illumination. 19. Dorsal view, posterior illumination. 20. Antenna (length = 0.50 mm). 21. Maxillary palp (fifth palpomere length = 0.14 mm). 22. Tarsal claw. 23, 24. Abdomen (lateral dorsal length = 1.15 mm). 23. Lateral view. 24. Dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171773/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
). Thorax with scutum black covered with recumbent golden hairs. Scutal pattern varies slightly with light incidence: with anterior light source thorax black with 1+1 submedian, silver pruinose cunae on anterior one­third (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802132077FC9DF945BD90F94A" box="[823,917,1694,1720]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 24" captionStartId="7.[264,383,1730,1754]" captionTargetBox="[286,1303,845,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[276,1310,845,1713]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 24. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) male. 18, 19. Scutum (median dorsal length = 0.77 mm). 18. Dorsal view, anterior illumination. 19. Dorsal view, posterior illumination. 20. Antenna (length = 0.50 mm). 21. Maxillary palp (fifth palpomere length = 0.14 mm). 22. Tarsal claw. 23, 24. Abdomen (lateral dorsal length = 1.15 mm). 23. Lateral view. 24. Dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171773/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
). With light source posterior to specimen, thorax black (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802132077FD99F91DBC8BF912" box="[563,654,1734,1760]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 24" captionStartId="7.[264,383,1730,1754]" captionTargetBox="[286,1303,845,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[276,1310,845,1713]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 24. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) male. 18, 19. Scutum (median dorsal length = 0.77 mm). 18. Dorsal view, anterior illumination. 19. Dorsal view, posterior illumination. 20. Antenna (length = 0.50 mm). 21. Maxillary palp (fifth palpomere length = 0.14 mm). 22. Tarsal claw. 23, 24. Abdomen (lateral dorsal length = 1.15 mm). 23. Lateral view. 24. Dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171773/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
). Humeri pale brown; lateral and posterior margins of scutum pruinose [best seen when specimen viewed laterally]. Scutellum dark brown with recumbent whitish hairs interspersed with long, erect black hairs on posterior margin. Postnotum dark brown to black with silvery gray pruinosity. Anepisternum and katepisternum dark brown. Wing setation and leg coloration as in female, except claws without basal tooth (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802142070FE55FE9FBC5FFEAC" box="[511,602,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 24" captionStartId="7.[264,383,1730,1754]" captionTargetBox="[286,1303,845,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[276,1310,845,1713]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 24. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) male. 18, 19. Scutum (median dorsal length = 0.77 mm). 18. Dorsal view, anterior illumination. 19. Dorsal view, posterior illumination. 20. Antenna (length = 0.50 mm). 21. Maxillary palp (fifth palpomere length = 0.14 mm). 22. Tarsal claw. 23, 24. Abdomen (lateral dorsal length = 1.15 mm). 23. Lateral view. 24. Dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171773/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
). Abdomen (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802142070FD5FFE9FBD82FEAC" box="[757,903,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 24" captionStartId="7.[264,383,1730,1754]" captionTargetBox="[286,1303,845,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[276,1310,845,1713]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 24. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) male. 18, 19. Scutum (median dorsal length = 0.77 mm). 18. Dorsal view, anterior illumination. 19. Dorsal view, posterior illumination. 20. Antenna (length = 0.50 mm). 21. Maxillary palp (fifth palpomere length = 0.14 mm). 22. Tarsal claw. 23, 24. Abdomen (lateral dorsal length = 1.15 mm). 23. Lateral view. 24. Dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171773/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Figs. 23, 24</figureCitation>
) with tergite I black with posterior margin silver pruinose; basal fringe with long, thin, golden hairs; tergite II black in median region and pale brown laterally; tergites III–IV black; tergites V–IX black mesally and grayish in lateral margins; tergites II (anteriorly), IV–VII with silver pruinosity on ventrolateral margin; in some specimens, silver pruinosity also on tergites VIII and IX [best seen on specimens in lateral view]. Sternal plates undeveloped. Genitalia black; gonocoxite subquadrangular (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802142070FDC2FDEFBCC4FDBC" box="[616,705,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 28" captionStartId="8.[264,383,972,996]" captionTargetBox="[303,1278,329,938]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[297,1289,318,947]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 28. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) male. 25. Paramere. 26. Median sclerite (length = 0.12 mm). 27. Ventral plate (widest width = 0.17 mm). 28. Gonocoxite and gonostyle (gonostyle length = 0.08 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171774/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
); gonostyle conical (finger­like) (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802142070FBFBFDEFBAACFDBC" box="[1105,1193,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 28" captionStartId="8.[264,383,972,996]" captionTargetBox="[303,1278,329,938]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[297,1289,318,947]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 28. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) male. 25. Paramere. 26. Median sclerite (length = 0.12 mm). 27. Ventral plate (widest width = 0.17 mm). 28. Gonocoxite and gonostyle (gonostyle length = 0.08 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171774/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
), nearly as long as gonocoxite at midpoint, with ridge in median region and 2 spiniform setae apically [visible only at high magnification]; gonocoxite and gonostyle covered with long setae. Ventral plate sclerotized, with ventral margin almost straight, without keel and covered by small hairs; basal arms short and deeply sclerotized (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802142070FC2DFD0FBDE4FD1C" box="[903,993,724,750]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 28" captionStartId="8.[264,383,972,996]" captionTargetBox="[303,1278,329,938]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[297,1289,318,947]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 28. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) male. 25. Paramere. 26. Median sclerite (length = 0.12 mm). 27. Ventral plate (widest width = 0.17 mm). 28. Gonocoxite and gonostyle (gonostyle length = 0.08 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171774/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
). Median sclerite Y shaped with distinct incision in apical one­third (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802142070FC87FD27BD8AFCE4" box="[813,911,764,790]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 28" captionStartId="8.[264,383,972,996]" captionTargetBox="[303,1278,329,938]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[297,1289,318,947]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 28. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) male. 25. Paramere. 26. Median sclerite (length = 0.12 mm). 27. Ventral plate (widest width = 0.17 mm). 28. Gonocoxite and gonostyle (gonostyle length = 0.08 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171774/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
). Paramere with developed and sclerotized basal process and numerous stout teeth centrally (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802142070FC7FFCFFBA29FCCC" box="[981,1068,804,830]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 28" captionStartId="8.[264,383,972,996]" captionTargetBox="[303,1278,329,938]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[297,1289,318,947]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 28. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) male. 25. Paramere. 26. Median sclerite (length = 0.12 mm). 27. Ventral plate (widest width = 0.17 mm). 28. Gonocoxite and gonostyle (gonostyle length = 0.08 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171774/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0A666502142070FEA2F9F1BFDCF93F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171771/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" targetBox="[298,1310,897,1546]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BCA36ED02142070FEA2F9F1BFDCF93F" blockId="4.[264,1323,1577,1741]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02142070FEA2F9F1BFBAF9B0" bold="true" box="[264,447,1577,1603]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">FIGURES 5–13</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E02142070FE64F9F0BC9CF9B0" authority="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli, 2006" authorityName="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli" authorityYear="2006" box="[462,665,1579,1602]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jefersoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02142070FE64F9F0BC9CF9B0" box="[462,665,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Simulium jefersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A232578402142070FD08F9F0BCDBF9B0" box="[674,734,1579,1602]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E02142070FD44F9F0BD46F9B0" box="[750,835,1579,1602]" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E02142070FCFAF9F0BDC0F9B0" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1834" box="[848,965,1579,1602]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Simuliidae</taxonomicName>
) female.
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02142070FB87F9F1BA3FF9B0" bold="true" box="[1069,1082,1578,1602]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">5</emphasis>
. Maxillary palp (fifth palpomere length = 0.21 mm).
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02142070FDC0F995BC72F994" bold="true" box="[618,631,1614,1638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">6</emphasis>
. Antenna (length = 0.42 mm).
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02142070FC74F995BDEEF994" bold="true" box="[990,1003,1614,1638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">7</emphasis>
. Cibarium (internal distance between cornuae = 0.07 mm).
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02142070FDFBF9AABC5BF97B" bold="true" box="[593,606,1649,1673]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">8</emphasis>
. Fronto­ocular triangle.
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02142070FCCCF9AABD76F97B" bold="true" box="[870,883,1649,1673]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">9</emphasis>
. Wing base.
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02142070FBAAF9AABA1EF97B" bold="true" box="[1024,1051,1649,1673]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">10</emphasis>
. Foreleg (femur length = 0.40 mm).
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02142070FE2BF948BF9CF959" bold="true" box="[385,409,1683,1707]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">11</emphasis>
. Middle leg (femur length = 0.43 mm).
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02142070FCFEF948BD6BF959" bold="true" box="[852,878,1683,1707]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">12</emphasis>
. Hindleg (femur length = 0.51 mm).
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02142070FAA3F948BB26F959" bold="true" box="[1289,1315,1683,1707]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">13</emphasis>
. Foreleg tarsal claw.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCA36ED02142071FE92F8F8BF9DFEAC" blockId="4.[264,1323,1827,1894]" lastBlockId="5.[264,1323,284,350]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02142070FE92F8F8BF7CF8CF" bold="true" box="[312,377,1827,1853]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Pupa</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802142070FE23F8FFBC1CF8CC" box="[393,537,1828,1854]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 29 – 36" captionStart-1="FIGURE 37" captionStart-2="FIGURE 38" captionStartId-0="10.[264,383,1446,1470]" captionStartId-1="12.[264,368,1714,1738]" captionStartId-2="13.[264,367,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox-0="[273,1310,322,1412]" captionTargetBox-1="[275,1309,370,1676]" captionTargetBox-2="[284,1321,339,1654]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[267,1324,318,1418]" captionTargetId-1="figure@12.[264,1323,361,1690]" captionTargetId-2="figure@13.[264,1323,326,1666]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionText-0="FIGURES 29 – 36. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) pupa. 29, 30. Habitus. 29. Lateral view (length = 3.40 mm). 30. Dorsal view. 31. Gill filaments (length = 1.90 mm). 32. Thoracic trichomes (trichomes length = 0.28 mm). 33. Frontoclypeus (antennal sheath length = 0.38 mm). 34. Frontoclypeus trichomes (trichome length = 0.27 mm). 35. Antenal sheath. 36. Cephalic tubercles." captionText-1="FIGURE 37. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) pupa. Abdomen, dorsal view, a: lateral setae on tergite II; b: setae and hooks on tergite III; c: hooks on tergite IV; d: microspine combs on tergites II, VI – IX; e: spine comb resembling teeth on tergite VIII." captionText-2="FIGURE 38. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) pupae. Abdomen, ventral view (distance between second and third hooks of sternite VII = 0.20 mm), a: group of microspines on sternites III – V; b: hooks on sternite VI; c: hooks on sternite VII; d: hooks on sternite VIII." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/171775/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/171776/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/171777/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Figs. 29–38</figureCitation>
). Cocoon length dorsally
<quantity id="4C8D9B0802142070FCECF8FFBDD6F8CC" box="[838,979,1828,1854]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="3.3" valueMax="3.8" valueMin="2.8">2.8–3.8 mm</quantity>
(mean =
<quantity id="4C8D9B0802142070FBE9F8FFBAA5F8CC" box="[1091,1184,1828,1854]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="3.2">3.2 mm</quantity>
, SD = 0.28,
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02142070FEA2F897BF12F897" box="[264,279,1868,1893]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">n</emphasis>
= 10), ventrally
<quantity id="4C8D9B0802142070FE4AF897BC6AF894" box="[480,623,1868,1894]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" metricValueMax="5.4" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="4.6" valueMax="5.4" valueMin="3.8">3.8–5.4 mm</quantity>
(mean =
<quantity id="4C8D9B0802142070FD48F897BD45F894" box="[738,832,1868,1894]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
, SD = 0.39,
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02142070FC7DF897BDE3F897" box="[983,998,1868,1893]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">n</emphasis>
= 10); pupa length
<quantity id="4C8D9B0802142071FB78F897BF33FEC4" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="26" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="3.9" valueMin="2.6">2.6–3.9 mm</quantity>
(mean =
<quantity id="4C8D9B0802152071FE02FEC7BC00FEC4" box="[424,517,284,310]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
; SD = 0.43,
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02152071FD36FEC7BCAEFEC7" box="[668,683,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">n</emphasis>
= 10); gill length
<quantity id="4C8D9B0802152071FC28FEC7BA15FEC4" box="[898,1040,284,310]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.5 mm</quantity>
(mean =
<quantity id="4C8D9B0802152071FB28FEC7BAE5FEC4" box="[1154,1248,284,310]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
, SD = 0.38,
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02152071FEE0FE9FBF5CFEAF" box="[330,345,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">n</emphasis>
= 8).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0A666502152071FEA2FB61BA6AFAEA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171772/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" targetBox="[283,1300,406,1183]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BCA36ED02152071FEA2FB61BA6AFAEA" blockId="5.[264,1322,1209,1304]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02152071FEA2FB61BFC9FB20" bold="true" box="[264,460,1209,1235]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">FIGURES 14–17</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E02152071FE71FB60BCA3FB20" authority="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli, 2006" authorityName="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli" authorityYear="2006" box="[475,678,1211,1234]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jefersoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02152071FE71FB60BCA3FB20" box="[475,678,1211,1234]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Simulium jefersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A232578402152071FD05FB60BCEEFB20" box="[687,747,1211,1234]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E02152071FD51FB60BD54FB20" box="[763,849,1211,1234]" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E02152071FCF6FB60BDD4FB20" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1834" box="[860,977,1211,1234]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Simuliidae</taxonomicName>
) female.
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02152071FB90FB61BA50FB20" bold="true" box="[1082,1109,1210,1234]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">14</emphasis>
. Hypogynial lobes, ventral view.
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02152071FE36FB05BFB3FB04" bold="true" box="[412,438,1246,1270]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">15</emphasis>
. Cercus and anal lobe (cercus basal length = 0.07 mm), lateral view.
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02152071FB18FB05BAC8FB04" bold="true" box="[1202,1229,1246,1270]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">16</emphasis>
. Genital fork (stem length = 0.16 mm).
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02152071FDFBFADBBC69FAEA" bold="true" box="[593,620,1280,1304]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">17</emphasis>
. Groups of internal spicules in the spermatheca.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCA36ED02152072FE92FAB5BAC4FB8C" blockId="5.[264,1324,1390,1896]" lastBlockId="6.[264,1324,284,1870]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
Cocoon shoe shaped, dark brown composed of thick coalesced fibres posteriorly and distinct, loop­like fenestrations anteriorly (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802152071FCA5FA4DBDADFA42" box="[783,936,1430,1456]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 36" captionStartId="10.[264,383,1446,1470]" captionTargetBox="[273,1310,322,1412]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[267,1324,318,1418]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 36. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) pupa. 29, 30. Habitus. 29. Lateral view (length = 3.40 mm). 30. Dorsal view. 31. Gill filaments (length = 1.90 mm). 32. Thoracic trichomes (trichomes length = 0.28 mm). 33. Frontoclypeus (antennal sheath length = 0.38 mm). 34. Frontoclypeus trichomes (trichome length = 0.27 mm). 35. Antenal sheath. 36. Cephalic tubercles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171775/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Figs. 29, 30</figureCitation>
). Frontoclypeus with 3+3 long, multiramous frontal and 1+1 long, multiramous, dorsal trichomes (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802152071FBB6FA65BA71FA2A" box="[1052,1140,1470,1496]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 36" captionStartId="10.[264,383,1446,1470]" captionTargetBox="[273,1310,322,1412]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[267,1324,318,1418]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 36. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) pupa. 29, 30. Habitus. 29. Lateral view (length = 3.40 mm). 30. Dorsal view. 31. Gill filaments (length = 1.90 mm). 32. Thoracic trichomes (trichomes length = 0.28 mm). 33. Frontoclypeus (antennal sheath length = 0.38 mm). 34. Frontoclypeus trichomes (trichome length = 0.27 mm). 35. Antenal sheath. 36. Cephalic tubercles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171775/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
); frontoclypeus with distinct groups of platelets mesally, 1+1 dorsolaterally and 2 or 3 platelets in 2 groups laterally in frontal region, respectively (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802152071FD47F9D5BD4DF9DA" box="[749,840,1550,1576]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 36" captionStartId="10.[264,383,1446,1470]" captionTargetBox="[273,1310,322,1412]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[267,1324,318,1418]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 36. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) pupa. 29, 30. Habitus. 29. Lateral view (length = 3.40 mm). 30. Dorsal view. 31. Gill filaments (length = 1.90 mm). 32. Thoracic trichomes (trichomes length = 0.28 mm). 33. Frontoclypeus (antennal sheath length = 0.38 mm). 34. Frontoclypeus trichomes (trichome length = 0.27 mm). 35. Antenal sheath. 36. Cephalic tubercles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171775/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
); tubercles rounded, densely distributed (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802152071FEBBF9EDBF6DF9A2" box="[273,360,1590,1616]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 36" captionStartId="10.[264,383,1446,1470]" captionTargetBox="[273,1310,322,1412]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[267,1324,318,1418]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 36. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) pupa. 29, 30. Habitus. 29. Lateral view (length = 3.40 mm). 30. Dorsal view. 31. Gill filaments (length = 1.90 mm). 32. Thoracic trichomes (trichomes length = 0.28 mm). 33. Frontoclypeus (antennal sheath length = 0.38 mm). 34. Frontoclypeus trichomes (trichome length = 0.27 mm). 35. Antenal sheath. 36. Cephalic tubercles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171775/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
) over entire frontal and dorsal region. Thorax with 5 pairs of long, multiramous (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802152071FEBBF985BF63F98A" box="[273,358,1630,1656]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 36" captionStartId="10.[264,383,1446,1470]" captionTargetBox="[273,1310,322,1412]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[267,1324,318,1418]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 36. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) pupa. 29, 30. Habitus. 29. Lateral view (length = 3.40 mm). 30. Dorsal view. 31. Gill filaments (length = 1.90 mm). 32. Thoracic trichomes (trichomes length = 0.28 mm). 33. Frontoclypeus (antennal sheath length = 0.38 mm). 34. Frontoclypeus trichomes (trichome length = 0.27 mm). 35. Antenal sheath. 36. Cephalic tubercles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171775/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
) trichomes near margin of dorsal cleft, 2+2 multiramous and 1 simple trichomes at gill base, one small, bifid or simple trichome on ventral margin, and 1 bifid or trifid trichome in median region of thorax; tubercles rounded, densely distributed over entire surface. Antennal sheath with transversal punctuations (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802152071FC6FF90DBA20F902" box="[965,1061,1750,1776]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 36" captionStartId="10.[264,383,1446,1470]" captionTargetBox="[273,1310,322,1412]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[267,1324,318,1418]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 36. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) pupa. 29, 30. Habitus. 29. Lateral view (length = 3.40 mm). 30. Dorsal view. 31. Gill filaments (length = 1.90 mm). 32. Thoracic trichomes (trichomes length = 0.28 mm). 33. Frontoclypeus (antennal sheath length = 0.38 mm). 34. Frontoclypeus trichomes (trichome length = 0.27 mm). 35. Antenal sheath. 36. Cephalic tubercles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171775/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
). Gill filaments pale yellowish with 8 forwardly directed filaments, arranged in 3 dimensions, curving at midpoint and directed inward apically. Gill configuration with main trunk short, giving rise to 3 sets of primary branches, dorsal and ventral (internal) primary branches each consisting of 3 secondary branches; external set consists of 2 secondary branches; all filaments bifurcate at different heights near base of gill. Filaments stout basally and becoming narrower toward apex, rounded distally, without spicules on surface; edges weakly crenate. All gill filaments approximately same length (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802162072FC42FE4FBA45FE5C" box="[1000,1088,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 36" captionStartId="10.[264,383,1446,1470]" captionTargetBox="[273,1310,322,1412]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[267,1324,318,1418]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 36. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) pupa. 29, 30. Habitus. 29. Lateral view (length = 3.40 mm). 30. Dorsal view. 31. Gill filaments (length = 1.90 mm). 32. Thoracic trichomes (trichomes length = 0.28 mm). 33. Frontoclypeus (antennal sheath length = 0.38 mm). 34. Frontoclypeus trichomes (trichome length = 0.27 mm). 35. Antenal sheath. 36. Cephalic tubercles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171775/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
). Abdominal tergite I (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802162072FE8FFE67BF8CFE24" box="[293,393,444,470]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="12.[264,368,1714,1738]" captionTargetBox="[275,1309,370,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[264,1323,361,1690]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 37. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) pupa. Abdomen, dorsal view, a: lateral setae on tergite II; b: setae and hooks on tergite III; c: hooks on tergite IV; d: microspine combs on tergites II, VI – IX; e: spine comb resembling teeth on tergite VIII." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171776/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Figs. 37</figureCitation>
a–e) with 1+1 submedian, simple trichomes. Tergite II with 4+4 submedian, spiniform setae in longitudinal row, 2+2 small, simple trichomes anterior to most external spiniform setae and 1+1 simple trichome on lateral margin (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802162072FC7BFDD7BA2CFDD4" box="[977,1065,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="12.[264,368,1714,1738]" captionTargetBox="[275,1309,370,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[264,1323,361,1690]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 37. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) pupa. Abdomen, dorsal view, a: lateral setae on tergite II; b: setae and hooks on tergite III; c: hooks on tergite IV; d: microspine combs on tergites II, VI – IX; e: spine comb resembling teeth on tergite VIII." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171776/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
a). Tergites III and IV with 4+4 submedian, simple hooks in longitudinal row (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802162072FC33FDEFBDFFFDBC" box="[921,1018,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="12.[264,368,1714,1738]" captionTargetBox="[275,1309,370,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[264,1323,361,1690]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 37. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) pupa. Abdomen, dorsal view, a: lateral setae on tergite II; b: setae and hooks on tergite III; c: hooks on tergite IV; d: microspine combs on tergites II, VI – IX; e: spine comb resembling teeth on tergite VIII." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171776/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Figs. 37</figureCitation>
b, 37c), 1+1 small, simple trichomes anterior to most lateral hooks, and 1+1 small, simple trichomes on lateral margin. Tergite V with 1+1 sublateral, small, simple trichomes, and 1+1 small, simple trichomes on anterior margin; tergite VI with 1+1 submedian and 1+1 sublateral, small trichomes. Tergite VII with 1+1 sub­median and 1+1 sublateral, small, simple trichomes. Tergite VIII with 1+1 submedian, simple or bifid, and 1+1 sublateral, simple trichomes, and spine combs distinctly resembling teeth on anterior margin (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802162072FB8DFCFFBA86FCCC" box="[1063,1155,804,830]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="12.[264,368,1714,1738]" captionTargetBox="[275,1309,370,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[264,1323,361,1690]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 37. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) pupa. Abdomen, dorsal view, a: lateral setae on tergite II; b: setae and hooks on tergite III; c: hooks on tergite IV; d: microspine combs on tergites II, VI – IX; e: spine comb resembling teeth on tergite VIII." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171776/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
e). Tergite IX weakly sclerotized, with 1+1 small spines. Spine combs on anterior margin of tergites II, VI–IX (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802162072FEC0FCAFBFC3FC7C" box="[362,454,884,910]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="12.[264,368,1714,1738]" captionTargetBox="[275,1309,370,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[264,1323,361,1690]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 37. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) pupa. Abdomen, dorsal view, a: lateral setae on tergite II; b: setae and hooks on tergite III; c: hooks on tergite IV; d: microspine combs on tergites II, VI – IX; e: spine comb resembling teeth on tergite VIII." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171776/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
d). Abdominal sternite III (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802162072FCB2FCAFBD79FC7C" box="[792,892,884,910]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="13.[264,367,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[284,1321,339,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[264,1323,326,1666]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 38. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) pupae. Abdomen, ventral view (distance between second and third hooks of sternite VII = 0.20 mm), a: group of microspines on sternites III – V; b: hooks on sternite VI; c: hooks on sternite VII; d: hooks on sternite VIII." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171777/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Figs. 38</figureCitation>
a–d) with 1+1 submedian and 2+2 sublateral, small, simple trichomes; sternite IV with 1+1 submedian and 2+2 sublateral, small, simple trichomes; sternite V with 2 +2 close, bifid or trifid hooks in row and 2+2 simple trichomes anterior to most lateral hooks (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802162072FCE3FC37BDA4FBF4" box="[841,929,1004,1030]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="13.[264,367,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[284,1321,339,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[264,1323,326,1666]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 38. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) pupae. Abdomen, ventral view (distance between second and third hooks of sternite VII = 0.20 mm), a: group of microspines on sternites III – V; b: hooks on sternite VI; c: hooks on sternite VII; d: hooks on sternite VIII." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171777/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
b); sternites VI and VII with 2+2 well separated, simple, bifid or trifid hooks (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802162072FCBDFBCFBD7CFBDC" box="[791,889,1044,1070]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="13.[264,367,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[284,1321,339,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[264,1323,326,1666]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 38. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) pupae. Abdomen, ventral view (distance between second and third hooks of sternite VII = 0.20 mm), a: group of microspines on sternites III – V; b: hooks on sternite VI; c: hooks on sternite VII; d: hooks on sternite VIII." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171777/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Figs. 38</figureCitation>
c, 38d), sternite VII with 1+1 simple trichomes on lateral margin; sternite VIII without hooks; sternite IX weakly sclerotized. Abdominal sternites III–IX with spine combs on anteromedian margin (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802162072FBE5FBBFBAA3FB8C" box="[1103,1190,1124,1150]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="13.[264,367,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[284,1321,339,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[264,1323,326,1666]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 38. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) pupae. Abdomen, ventral view (distance between second and third hooks of sternite VII = 0.20 mm), a: group of microspines on sternites III – V; b: hooks on sternite VI; c: hooks on sternite VII; d: hooks on sternite VIII." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171777/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
a).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCA36ED02162072FE92FB57BAABFB04" blockId="6.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02162072FE92FB57BF81FB54" bold="true" box="[312,388,1164,1190]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Larva</emphasis>
(last instar) (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802162072FD82FB57BCBEFB54" box="[552,699,1164,1190]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 45" captionStartId="14.[264,383,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox="[267,1323,342,1563]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[264,1323,326,1564]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 45. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) larvae. 39. Larval habitus, lateral view (length = 6.2 mm). 40. Hypostoma (widest width = 0.18 mm). 41. Ventral view of postgenal cleft. 42. Antenna (length = 0.19 mm). 43, 44. Head capsule (length = 0.87 mm). 43. Dorsal view. 44. Ventral view. 45. Anal sclerite (short arms length = 0.20 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171778/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Figs. 39–45</figureCitation>
). Body length:
<quantity id="4C8D9B0802162072FCDCFB57BA03FB54" box="[886,1030,1164,1190]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.199999999999999" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="5.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="6.199999999999999" valueMax="6.6" valueMin="5.8">5.8–6.6 mm</quantity>
(mean =
<quantity id="4C8D9B0802162072FBD7FB57BAD8FB54" box="[1149,1245,1164,1190]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="6.2">6.2 mm</quantity>
, SD = 0.2,
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02162072FE91FB6FBF4FFB3F" box="[315,330,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">n</emphasis>
= 10); head capsule lateral length:
<quantity id="4C8D9B0802162072FD4EFB6FBD74FB3C" box="[740,881,1204,1230]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.8 mm</quantity>
(mean =
<quantity id="4C8D9B0802162072FC4AFB6FBA38FB3C" box="[992,1085,1204,1230]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
, SD = 0.06,
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02162072FB64FB6FBAD8FB3F" box="[1230,1245,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">n</emphasis>
= 10); dorsal width of head capsule:
<quantity id="4C8D9B0802162072FDCCFB07BCF1FB04" box="[614,756,1244,1270]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.7 mm</quantity>
(mean =
<quantity id="4C8D9B0802162072FCC9FB07BDC5FB04" box="[867,960,1244,1270]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
, SD = 0.05,
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02162072FBF8FB07BA64FB07" box="[1106,1121,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">n</emphasis>
= 10).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCA36ED02162073FE92FADFBAE9FCE4" blockId="6.[264,1324,284,1870]" lastBlockId="7.[264,1325,284,790]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
General body coloration pale gray (in Carnoy’s solution); form as in
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802162072FB29FADFBAD8FAEC" box="[1155,1245,1284,1310]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 45" captionStartId="14.[264,383,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox="[267,1323,342,1563]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[264,1323,326,1564]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 45. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) larvae. 39. Larval habitus, lateral view (length = 6.2 mm). 40. Hypostoma (widest width = 0.18 mm). 41. Ventral view of postgenal cleft. 42. Antenna (length = 0.19 mm). 43, 44. Head capsule (length = 0.87 mm). 43. Dorsal view. 44. Ventral view. 45. Anal sclerite (short arms length = 0.20 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171778/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
. Head mainly pale brown, numerous small setae present on all surfaces and head capsule slightly wrinkled. Head pattern positive (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802162072FD02FA8FBD02FA9C" box="[680,775,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 45" captionStartId="14.[264,383,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox="[267,1323,342,1563]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[264,1323,326,1564]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 45. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) larvae. 39. Larval habitus, lateral view (length = 6.2 mm). 40. Hypostoma (widest width = 0.18 mm). 41. Ventral view of postgenal cleft. 42. Antenna (length = 0.19 mm). 43, 44. Head capsule (length = 0.87 mm). 43. Dorsal view. 44. Ventral view. 45. Anal sclerite (short arms length = 0.20 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171778/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
). Cervical sclerites small, elliptical, free in membrane. Postgenal cleft subtriangular, wider basally (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802162072FC33FAA7BA2DFA64" box="[921,1064,1404,1430]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 45" captionStartId="14.[264,383,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox="[267,1323,342,1563]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[264,1323,326,1564]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 45. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) larvae. 39. Larval habitus, lateral view (length = 6.2 mm). 40. Hypostoma (widest width = 0.18 mm). 41. Ventral view of postgenal cleft. 42. Antenna (length = 0.19 mm). 43, 44. Head capsule (length = 0.87 mm). 43. Dorsal view. 44. Ventral view. 45. Anal sclerite (short arms length = 0.20 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171778/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Figs. 41, 44</figureCitation>
). Postgenal bridge 0.7 times as long as hypostoma (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802162072FDFDFA7FBCABFA4C" box="[599,686,1444,1470]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 45" captionStartId="14.[264,383,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox="[267,1323,342,1563]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[264,1323,326,1564]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 45. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) larvae. 39. Larval habitus, lateral view (length = 6.2 mm). 40. Hypostoma (widest width = 0.18 mm). 41. Ventral view of postgenal cleft. 42. Antenna (length = 0.19 mm). 43, 44. Head capsule (length = 0.87 mm). 43. Dorsal view. 44. Ventral view. 45. Anal sclerite (short arms length = 0.20 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171778/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
). Hypostoma with strongly pigmented anterior margin and 9 apical teeth (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802162072FE49FA17BC3EFA14" box="[483,571,1484,1510]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 45" captionStartId="14.[264,383,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox="[267,1323,342,1563]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[264,1323,326,1564]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 45. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) larvae. 39. Larval habitus, lateral view (length = 6.2 mm). 40. Hypostoma (widest width = 0.18 mm). 41. Ventral view of postgenal cleft. 42. Antenna (length = 0.19 mm). 43, 44. Head capsule (length = 0.87 mm). 43. Dorsal view. 44. Ventral view. 45. Anal sclerite (short arms length = 0.20 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171778/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
): median tooth simple and more prominent than sublateral teeth, 3+3 rows of sublateral teeth, middle tooth smaller than remaining teeth, 1+1 lateral teeth nearly same height as median tooth, 2 poorly developed paralateral teeth, and 3 small lateral serrations; hypostoma with 1+1 line of 6 or 7 lateral setae parallel to lateral margin and 1+1 long and 1+1 or 2+2 short setae in posterior region of hypostoma near hypostomal groove. Subesophageal ganglion not pigmented. Antennae (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802162072FC64F94FBA23F95C" box="[974,1062,1684,1710]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 45" captionStartId="14.[264,383,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox="[267,1323,342,1563]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[264,1323,326,1564]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 45. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) larvae. 39. Larval habitus, lateral view (length = 6.2 mm). 40. Hypostoma (widest width = 0.18 mm). 41. Ventral view of postgenal cleft. 42. Antenna (length = 0.19 mm). 43, 44. Head capsule (length = 0.87 mm). 43. Dorsal view. 44. Ventral view. 45. Anal sclerite (short arms length = 0.20 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171778/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
) as long as labral fan stalk; antennal segments brown, except whitish apical one­third of median and basal region of distal segment; segments proportions (proximal, medial and distal) approximately 0.7–0.9: 0.4–0.6: 1.2–1.3 (
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02162072FD59F8D7BD07F8D7" box="[755,770,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">n</emphasis>
= 3). Mandible with 3 apical teeth, basal tooth more prominent than remaining teeth, second comblike teeth with first tooth longer than second and third, mandible with 9 internal teeth, and mandibular serration with anterior teeth longer than posterior; mandibular brushes well developed; mandible with small, simple setae near external margin and 2 prominent, simple trichomes at base of apical mandibular brush. Lateral mandibular process simple and thick. Maxillary palp heavily pigmented, nearly 3 times as long as wide at base. Cephalic fan with 43–47 rays. Thorax pale dorsally and grey ventrally. Proleg with plate heavily sclerotized with band of more than 40 processes of nearly 13 hooks (
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02172073FD42FDD7BCF2FDD7" box="[744,759,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">n</emphasis>
= 1). Pupal gill histoblast dark brown with 8 filaments. Abdomen usually completely gray dorsally, progressively paler ventrally, last segments white; faint segmental banding visible dorsally (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802172073FC18FD87BA0FFD84" box="[946,1034,604,630]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 45" captionStartId="14.[264,383,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox="[267,1323,342,1563]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[264,1323,326,1564]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 45. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) larvae. 39. Larval habitus, lateral view (length = 6.2 mm). 40. Hypostoma (widest width = 0.18 mm). 41. Ventral view of postgenal cleft. 42. Antenna (length = 0.19 mm). 43, 44. Head capsule (length = 0.87 mm). 43. Dorsal view. 44. Ventral view. 45. Anal sclerite (short arms length = 0.20 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171778/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
). Cuticle mainly lacking setae. Ventral nerve cord pale gray. Ventral posterior tubercles absent. Anterodorsal arms of anal sclerite shorter in length than posteroventral arms (
<figureCitation id="134E2A6802172073FC45FD77BA48FD34" box="[1007,1101,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 45" captionStartId="14.[264,383,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox="[267,1323,342,1563]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[264,1323,326,1564]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 45. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) larvae. 39. Larval habitus, lateral view (length = 6.2 mm). 40. Hypostoma (widest width = 0.18 mm). 41. Ventral view of postgenal cleft. 42. Antenna (length = 0.19 mm). 43, 44. Head capsule (length = 0.87 mm). 43. Dorsal view. 44. Ventral view. 45. Anal sclerite (short arms length = 0.20 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171778/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
). Posterior proleg bearing approximately 100 rows of up to 13 or 14 hooks (
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02172073FC79FD0FBDE7FD1F" box="[979,994,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">n</emphasis>
= 2). Anal papillae with 3 branches, each with approximately 7 or 8 finger­shaped lobes of same length (
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02172073FB34FD27BAA8FCE7" box="[1182,1197,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">n</emphasis>
= 1).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0A666502172073FEA2F919BF8AF8A8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171773/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" targetBox="[286,1303,845,1698]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BCA36ED02172073FEA2F919BF8AF8A8" blockId="7.[264,1323,1728,1882]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02172073FEA2F919BFCEF928" bold="true" box="[264,459,1728,1754]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">FIGURES 18–24</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E02172073FE71F919BCA3F92B" authority="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli, 2006" authorityName="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli" authorityYear="2006" box="[475,678,1730,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jefersoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02172073FE71F919BCA3F92B" box="[475,678,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Simulium jefersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A232578402172073FD05F919BCEFF92B" box="[687,746,1730,1753]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E02172073FD50F919BD55F92B" box="[762,848,1730,1753]" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E02172073FCF6F919BDD4F92B" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1834" box="[860,977,1730,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Simuliidae</taxonomicName>
) male.
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02172073FB8EF919BA6FF928" bold="true" box="[1060,1130,1730,1754]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">18, 19</emphasis>
. Scutum (median dorsal length = 0.77 mm).
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02172073FDEEF938BC5BF909" bold="true" box="[580,606,1763,1787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">18</emphasis>
. Dorsal view, anterior illumination.
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02172073FBA9F938BA1BF909" bold="true" box="[1027,1054,1763,1787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">19</emphasis>
. Dorsal view, posterior illumination.
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02172073FE30F8D8BFB0F8E9" bold="true" box="[410,437,1795,1819]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">20</emphasis>
. Antenna (length = 0.50 mm).
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02172073FCA7F8D8BD2DF8E9" bold="true" box="[781,808,1795,1819]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">21</emphasis>
. Maxillary palp (fifth palpomere length = 0.14 mm).
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02172073FEE1F8F8BF63F8C9" bold="true" box="[331,358,1827,1851]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">22</emphasis>
. Tarsal claw.
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02172073FDAAF8F8BC43F8C9" bold="true" box="[512,582,1827,1851]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">23, 24</emphasis>
. Abdomen (lateral dorsal length = 1.15 mm).
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02172073FBEDF8F8BA64F8C9" bold="true" box="[1095,1121,1827,1851]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">23</emphasis>
. Lateral view.
<emphasis id="B901EAFF02172073FAA3F8F8BB26F8C9" bold="true" box="[1289,1315,1827,1851]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">24</emphasis>
. Dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0A66650218207CFEA2FC17BCB9FBD8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171774/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" targetBox="[303,1278,329,938]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BCA36ED0218207CFEA2FC17BCB9FBD8" blockId="8.[264,1323,971,1066]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF0218207CFEA2FC17BFCFFC16" bold="true" box="[264,458,971,997]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">FIGURES 25–28</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E0218207CFE72FC16BCA7FC16" authority="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli, 2006" authorityName="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli" authorityYear="2006" box="[472,674,973,996]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jefersoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF0218207CFE72FC16BCA7FC16" box="[472,674,973,996]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Simulium jefersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23257840218207CFD02FC16BCE7FC16" box="[680,738,973,996]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E0218207CFD5AFC16BD40FC16" box="[752,837,973,996]" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E0218207CFCFAFC16BDC0FC16" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1834" box="[848,965,973,996]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Simuliidae</taxonomicName>
) male.
<emphasis id="B901EAFF0218207CFBBFFC17BA35FC16" bold="true" box="[1045,1072,972,996]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">25</emphasis>
. Paramere.
<emphasis id="B901EAFF0218207CFB1BFC17BACEFC16" bold="true" box="[1201,1227,972,996]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">26</emphasis>
. Median sclerite (length = 0.12 mm).
<emphasis id="B901EAFF0218207CFDFAFC2BBC6EFBFA" bold="true" box="[592,619,1008,1032]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">27</emphasis>
. Ventral plate (widest width = 0.17 mm).
<emphasis id="B901EAFF0218207CFBE5FC2BBA6FFBFA" bold="true" box="[1103,1130,1008,1032]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">28</emphasis>
. Gonocoxite and gonostyle (gonostyle length = 0.08 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCA36ED0218207CFE92FB5ABFD9FB69" blockId="8.[264,1323,1153,1890]" box="[312,476,1153,1179]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
<typeStatus id="54CE884F0218207CFE92FB5ABF77FB69" box="[312,370,1153,1179]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Type</typeStatus>
Material
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36F65660218207DFE92FB73BA55F996" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCA36ED0218207CFE92FB73BF79FACC" blockId="8.[264,1323,1153,1890]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
<typeStatus id="54CE884F0218207CFE92FB73BFAFFB30" box="[312,426,1192,1218]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF0218207CFE92FB73BFAFFB30" bold="true" box="[312,426,1192,1218]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="ED64AE280218207CFE16FB72BC03FB31" box="[444,518,1193,1219]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">INPA</collectionCode>
):
<collectingCountry id="F362767D0218207CFDB6FB72BC63FB31" box="[540,614,1193,1219]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Bahia State, Palmeiras County. Parque Nacional Chapada
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E0218207CFEA2FB0FBCBFFB1C" authority=": Cachoeira da Fumaca" authorityName="Cachoeira da Fumaca" box="[264,698,1236,1262]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Diamantina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Diamantina: Cachoeira da Fumaça</taxonomicName>
stream (#32),
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0218207CFC28FB0FBDDAFB1C" box="[898,991,1232,1262]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" precision="925" value="-12.6">12o36’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0218207CFC5AFB0FBA5DFB1C" box="[1008,1112,1232,1262]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" precision="925" value="-41.45">41o27’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCB102D0218207CFBC4FB0FBAF6FB1C" box="[1134,1267,1236,1262]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" value="2005-07-31">31.vii.2005</date>
(N. Hamada, M. Pepinelli and V.L. Landeiro) ­ female (pinned), with pupal exuviae in glycerine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCA36ED0218207DFE92FA97BA55F996" blockId="8.[264,1323,1153,1890]" lastBlockId="9.[264,1323,284,1751]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF0218207CFE92FA97BFBBFA94" bold="true" box="[312,446,1356,1382]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
<typeStatus id="54CE884F0218207CFE92FA97BFBFFA94" box="[312,442,1356,1382]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F362767D0218207CFE7BFA97BC1EFA94" box="[465,539,1356,1382]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Bahia State,
<emphasis id="B901EAFF0218207CFD74FA97BDD5FA94" bold="true" box="[734,976,1356,1382]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Palmeiras County.</emphasis>
Parque Nacional Chapada
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E0218207CFEA2FAA3BCBFFA60" authority=": Cachoeira da Fumaca" authorityName="Cachoeira da Fumaca" box="[264,698,1400,1426]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Diamantina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Diamantina: Cachoeira da Fumaça</taxonomicName>
stream (#32),
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0218207CFC28FAA3BDDAFA60" box="[898,991,1396,1426]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" precision="925" value="-12.6">12o36’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0218207CFC5AFAA3BA5DFA60" box="[1008,1112,1396,1426]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" precision="925" value="-41.45">41o27’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCB102D0218207CFBC4FAA3BAF6FA60" box="[1134,1267,1400,1426]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" value="2005-07-31">31.vii.2005</date>
(N. Hamada, M. Pepinelli &amp; V.L. Landeiro) ­
<specimenCount id="9D73FD640218207CFD5DFA7BBD51FA48" box="[759,852,1440,1466]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" type="pupa">2 pupae</specimenCount>
(P),
<specimenCount id="9D73FD640218207CFC25FA7BBDE9FA48" box="[911,1004,1440,1466]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
(L) in ethanol,
<specimenCount id="9D73FD640218207CFB0CFA7BBAF0FA48" box="[1190,1269,1440,1466]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(M) pinned, with pupal exuviae in glycerine (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE280218207CFD50FA13BD46FA10" box="[762,835,1480,1506]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">INPA</collectionCode>
); small tributary of Mucujezinho stream (#26),
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0218207CFEFDFA2FBFB3F9FC" box="[343,438,1520,1550]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" precision="925" value="-12.466666">12o28’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0218207CFE14FA2FBC22F9FC" box="[446,551,1520,1550]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" precision="925" value="-41.45">41o27’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCB102D0218207CFD9EFA2FBCBFF9FC" box="[564,698,1524,1550]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" value="2003-07-07">07.vii.2003</date>
(N. Hamada &amp; J. Silva) ­ 2P, 2L in ethanol (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE280218207CFB7FFA2FBB1BF9FC" box="[1237,1310,1524,1550]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">INPA</collectionCode>
); Galinha stream (#29), Bomba village (Vale do Capão), Gerais do Vieira,
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0218207CFBF2F9FBBAB3F9C8" box="[1112,1206,1564,1594]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" precision="925" value="-12.666667">12o40’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0218207CFB17F9FBBB23F9C8" box="[1213,1318,1564,1594]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" precision="925" value="-41.483334">41o29’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCB102D0218207CFEA2F993BF8BF990" box="[264,398,1608,1634]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" value="2003-07-08">08.vii.2003</date>
(N. Hamada &amp; J. Silva) ­ 3L in ethanol (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE280218207CFCD3F993BDC7F990" box="[889,962,1608,1634]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">INPA</collectionCode>
); Batista River (#30), Pousada do Capão,
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0218207CFE22F9AFBFE3F97C" box="[392,486,1648,1678]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" precision="925" value="-12.616667">12o37’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0218207CFE44F9AFBC52F97C" box="[494,599,1648,1678]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" precision="925" value="-41.483334">41o29’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCB102D0218207CFDCEF9AFBCEFF97C" box="[612,746,1652,1678]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" value="2003-07-08">08.vii.2003</date>
(N. Hamada &amp; J. Silva) ­ 2L in ethanol (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE280218207CFB7FF9AFBB1BF97C" box="[1237,1310,1652,1678]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">INPA</collectionCode>
); Sobradinho stream (#34), Lençóis­Capão trail, Gerais do Morrão,
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0218207CFBE5F97BBAA8F948" box="[1103,1197,1692,1722]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" precision="925" value="-12.533334">12o32’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0218207CFB17F97BBB23F948" box="[1213,1318,1692,1722]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" precision="925" value="-41.466667">41o28’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCB102D0218207CFEA2F913BF8BF910" box="[264,398,1736,1762]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" value="2003-07-10">10.vii.2003</date>
(N. Hamada &amp; J. Silva) ­ 1L, 1P in ethanol, 1F pinned with pupal exuviae in glycerine (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE280218207CFE2CF92FBFCAF8FC" box="[390,463,1780,1806]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">INPA</collectionCode>
); Águas Claras stream, Gerais do Morrão, Lençóis­Capão trail,
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0218207CFB61F92FBB2FF8FC" box="[1227,1322,1776,1806]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" precision="925" value="-12.516666">12o31’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0218207CFEA2F8FBBF74F8C8" box="[264,369,1820,1850]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" precision="925" value="-41.466667">41o28’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCB102D0218207CFE2CF8FBBC09F8C8" box="[390,524,1824,1850]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" value="2003-07-10">10.vii.2003</date>
(#35) (N. Hamada &amp; J. Silva) ­ 1L, 2P in ethanol (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE280218207CFB7CF8FBBB1BF8C8" box="[1238,1310,1824,1850]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">INPA</collectionCode>
),
<date id="FFCB102D0218207CFEA2F893BF8BF890" box="[264,398,1864,1890]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" value="2005-07-26">26.vii.2005</date>
(#14) (N. Hamada &amp; M. Pepinelli) ­ 2P ethanol (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE280218207CFC7BF893BA1FF890" box="[977,1050,1864,1890]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">INPA</collectionCode>
); Morrão stream (#13), Morrão trail,
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFE1AFEFBBC0BFEC8" box="[432,526,284,314]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-12.516666">12o31’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFDB1FEFBBC81FEC8" box="[539,644,284,314]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-41.466667">41o28’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCB102D0219207DFD3CFEFBBD19FEC8" box="[662,796,288,314]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" value="2005-07-26">26.vii.2005</date>
(N. Hamada &amp; M. Pepinelli) ­ 1L, 2P in ethanol (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE280219207DFEDBFE97BFBFFE94" box="[369,442,332,358]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">INPA</collectionCode>
); headwater of Conceição dos Gatos stream (#15), Morrão trail,
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFB61FE97BB2FFE94" box="[1227,1322,328,358]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-12.533334">12o32’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFEA2FEA3BF74FE60" box="[264,369,371,402]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-41.466667">41o28’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCB102D0219207DFED5FEA3BC00FE60" box="[383,517,376,402]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" value="2005-07-26">26.vii.2005</date>
(N. Hamada &amp; M. Pepinelli) ­ 1P in ethanol (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE280219207DFB9BFEA3BA7FFE60" box="[1073,1146,376,402]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">INPA</collectionCode>
); Mucujezinho stream (#17),
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFE1CFE78BC11FE4F" box="[438,532,416,445]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-12.466666">12o28’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFD8AFE78BC8CFE4F" box="[544,649,416,445]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-41.45">41o27’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCB102D0219207DFD30FE78BD25FE4F" box="[666,800,419,445]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" value="2005-07-27">27.vii.2005</date>
(N. Hamada &amp; M. Pepinelli) ­ 2L, 3P in ethanol (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE280219207DFED8FE10BFBEFE17" box="[370,443,459,485]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">INPA</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="B901EAFF0219207DFE79FE10BCA4FE17" bold="true" box="[467,673,459,485]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Lençóis County,</emphasis>
Parque Nacional Chapada
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E0219207DFC58FE10BB2FFE17" authority=": Cachoeirinha" authorityName="Cachoeirinha" box="[1010,1322,459,485]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Diamantina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Diamantina: Cachoeirinha</taxonomicName>
stream (#32),
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFE12FE23BC13FDE0" box="[440,534,499,530]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-12.55">12o33’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFD89FE23BC89FDE0" box="[547,652,499,530]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-41.4">41o24’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCB102D0219207DFD34FE23BD21FDE0" box="[670,804,504,530]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" value="2003-07-09">09.vii.2003</date>
(N. Hamada &amp; J. Silva) ­ 2P in ethanol (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE280219207DFEBAFDFBBF5DFDC8" box="[272,344,544,570]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">INPA</collectionCode>
),
<date id="FFCB102D0219207DFED9FDFBBFFCFDC8" box="[371,505,544,570]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" value="2005-07-25">25.vii.2005</date>
(N. Hamada &amp; M. Pepinelli) ­ 1P in ethanol (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE280219207DFBF4FDFBBAA2FDC8" box="[1118,1191,544,570]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">INPA</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="B901EAFF0219207DFB68FDC4BF6EFD93" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Andaraí County,</emphasis>
Parque Nacional Chapada
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E0219207DFD05FD93BDDAFD90" authority=": Piabas River" authorityName="Piabas River" box="[687,991,584,610]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Diamantina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Diamantina: Piabas River</taxonomicName>
(below erosion area) (#39),
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFEA2FDA8BF60FD7F" box="[264,357,623,653]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-12.85">12o51’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFEC7FDA8BFD3FD7F" box="[365,470,623,653]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-41.3">41o18’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCB102D0219207DFE49FDA8BC6DFD7F" box="[483,616,627,653]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" value="2003-07-11">11.vii.2003</date>
(N. Hamada &amp; J. Silva) ­ 1L, 2P in ethanol (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE280219207DFB2AFDA8BACCFD7F" box="[1152,1225,627,653]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">INPA</collectionCode>
); Piabas River (#43),
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFE0AFD44BFFAFD4B" box="[416,511,667,697]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-12.95">12o57’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFDACFD44BC6AFD4B" box="[518,623,667,697]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-41.266666">41o16’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCB102D0219207DFDD6FD44BD0CFD4B" box="[636,777,671,697]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" value="2005-08-04">04.viii.2005</date>
(N. Hamada, M. Pepinelli &amp; V.L. Landeiro) ­ 2L, 2P in ethanol (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE280219207DFE50FD10BC46FD17" box="[506,579,715,741]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">INPA</collectionCode>
); Coisa Boa River (#40),
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFC26FD10BDEFFD17" box="[908,1002,711,741]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-12.85">12o51’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFC5DFD10BA5AFD17" box="[1015,1119,711,741]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-41.3">41o18’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCB102D0219207DFBD8FD10BAF2FD17" box="[1138,1271,715,741]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" value="2003-07-11">11.vii.2003</date>
(N. Hamada &amp; J. Silva) ­ 1P in ethanol (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE280219207DFD4BFD28BD2FFCFF" box="[737,810,755,781]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">INPA</collectionCode>
); Roncador River (#41), “off road” track between Andaraí and Lençóis,
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFDD9FCC4BCD5FCCB" box="[627,720,795,825]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-12.683333">12o41’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFD7DFCC4BD45FCCB" box="[727,832,795,825]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-41.35">41o21’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCB102D0219207DFCE6FCC4BDD5FCCB" box="[844,976,799,825]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" value="2003-07-11">11.vii.2003</date>
(N. Hamada &amp; J. Silva) ­ 2L, 3P in ethanol, 1F pinned (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE280219207DFDE9FC90BC89FC97" box="[579,652,843,869]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">INPA</collectionCode>
); Serrano River (#9),
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFC3EFC90BDF6FC97" box="[916,1011,839,869]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-12.55">12o33’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFC57FC90BA63FC97" box="[1021,1126,839,869]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-41.383335">41o23’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCB102D0219207DFBDFFC90BAFFFC97" box="[1141,1274,843,869]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" value="2005-07-25">25.vii.2005</date>
(N. Hamada, M. Pepinelli) ­ 2L, 1P in ethanol (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE280219207DFCA9FCACBD49FC63" box="[771,844,887,913]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">INPA</collectionCode>
); Pombos waterfall (#38), Igatu,
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFB67FCACBB2FFC63" box="[1229,1322,883,913]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-12.9">12o54’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFEA2FC78BF75FC4F" box="[264,368,927,957]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-41.316666">41o19’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCB102D0219207DFED7FC78BC0EFC4F" box="[381,523,931,957]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" value="2005-08-03">03.viii.2005</date>
(N. Hamada, M. Pepinelli &amp; V.L. Landeiro) ­ 2P in ethanol (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE280219207DFB7CFC78BB1AFC4F" box="[1238,1311,931,957]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">INPA</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="B901EAFF0219207DFEA2FC15BFDCFC1A" bold="true" box="[264,473,974,1000]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Mucugê County,</emphasis>
Parque Nacional Chapada
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E0219207DFC8AFC14BA71FC1B" authority=": Cumbuca River" authorityName="Cumbuca River" box="[800,1140,975,1001]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Diamantina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Diamantina: Cumbuca River</taxonomicName>
(#42),
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFB67FC14BB2FFC1B" box="[1229,1322,971,1001]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-12.983334">12o59’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFEA2FC20BF74FBE7" box="[264,369,1015,1045]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-41.35">41o21’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCB102D0219207DFED7FC20BC06FBE7" box="[381,515,1019,1045]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" value="2003-07-12">12.vii.2003</date>
(N. Hamada &amp; J. Silva) ­ 3P in ethanol, 1M pinned (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE280219207DFBD2FC20BAC4FBE7" box="[1144,1217,1019,1045]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">INPA</collectionCode>
); 1F, 1M pinned (genitalia on slide), 2F, 2M, 7P, 4L in slides, several P in ethanol, several L in Carnoys (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE280219207DFED0FB94BFDDFB9B" box="[378,472,1103,1129]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">BMNH</collectionCode>
); stream in the access road to Sibéria waterfall (#45),
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFBFFFB94BAB1FB9B" box="[1109,1204,1098,1129]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-12.933333">12 o56’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFB17FB94BB23FB9B" box="[1213,1318,1098,1129]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-41.35">41o21’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCB102D0219207DFEA2FBACBF88FB63" box="[264,397,1143,1169]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" value="2003-07-15">15.vii.2003</date>
(N. Hamada &amp; J. Silva) ­ 3P in ethanol (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE280219207DFCD1FBACBDC1FB63" box="[891,964,1143,1169]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">INPA</collectionCode>
); Pimenteiras stream (#46), in the access road to Sibéria waterfall,
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFD04FB79BD0BFB4E" box="[686,782,1182,1212]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-12.95">12o57’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFCBEFB79BD78FB4E" box="[788,893,1182,1212]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-41.35">41o21’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCB102D0219207DFC23FB79BA0BFB4E" box="[905,1038,1186,1212]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" value="2003-07-15">15.vii.2003</date>
(N. Hamada &amp; J. Silva) ­ 1L, 4P in ethanol (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE280219207DFDA3FB11BC57FB16" box="[521,594,1226,1252]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">INPA</collectionCode>
); first stream on the access road to Sibéria waterfall (#41),
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFEA2FB2DBF63FAE2" box="[264,358,1266,1296]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-12.966666">12o58’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFEDAFB2DBFDCFAE2" box="[368,473,1266,1296]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-41.35">41o21’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCB102D0219207DFE43FB2DBC73FAE2" box="[489,630,1270,1296]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" value="2005-08-04">04.viii.2005</date>
(N. Hamada, M. Pepinelli &amp; V.L. Landeiro) ­ 2L, 2P in ethanol (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE280219207DFEDBFAF9BFBFFACE" box="[369,442,1314,1340]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">INPA</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="B901EAFF0219207DFE7AFAF9BC85FACE" bold="true" box="[464,640,1314,1340]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Itaitê County,</emphasis>
Urubu River (#24), Chapadinha, Rumo village,
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFB64FAF9BB2FFACE" box="[1230,1322,1310,1340]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-13.183333">13o11’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFEA2FA95BF74FA9A" box="[264,369,1354,1384]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-41.166668">41o10’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCB102D0219207DFE29FA95BC0CFA9A" box="[387,521,1358,1384]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" value="2005-07-29">29.vii.2005</date>
(N. Hamada, M. Pepinelli) ­ 2P in ethanol, 1F pinned (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE280219207DFB7FFA95BB1BFA9A" box="[1237,1310,1358,1384]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">INPA</collectionCode>
); Barrigudinha River (#26), Rumo village,
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFD52FAA1BD52FA66" box="[760,855,1398,1428]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-13.216666">13o13’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFCCAFAA1BDCCFA66" box="[864,969,1398,1428]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-41.133335">41o08’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCB102D0219207DFC72FAA1BA58FA66" box="[984,1117,1402,1428]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" value="2005-07-29">29.vii.2005</date>
(N. Hamada, M. Pepinelli) ­ 2L, 2P in ethanol, 2F, 2M pinned (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE280219207DFC83FA79BD77FA4E" box="[809,882,1442,1468]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">INPA</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="B901EAFF0219207DFC2FFA79BA5CFA4E" bold="true" box="[901,1113,1442,1468]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Ibicoara County,</emphasis>
Parque Muncipal Natural do Espalhado, Espalhado River (# 52),
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFCD2FA15BDD0FA1A" box="[888,981,1482,1512]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-13.316667">13o19’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFC4DFA15BA55FA1A" box="[999,1104,1482,1512]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-41.15">41o09’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCB102D0219207DFBCFFA15BAF1FA1A" box="[1125,1268,1486,1512]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" value="2005-08-08">08.viii.2005</date>
(N. Hamada, M. Pepinelli &amp; V.L. Landeiro) ­ 4P in ethanol, 1F, 1M pinned (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE280219207DFBD3FA2DBAC7F9E2" box="[1145,1218,1526,1552]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">INPA</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="B901EAFF0219207DFB7DFA2DBFC7F9C9" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Rio de Contas County</emphasis>
, Mocotó River (#57), Mato Grosso village,
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFC69F9F9BA27F9CE" box="[963,1058,1566,1596]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-13.416667">13o25’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE41502A0219207DFB83F9F9BA97F9CE" box="[1065,1170,1566,1596]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-41.833332">41o50’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCB102D0219207DFB37F9F9BB2FF9CE" box="[1181,1322,1570,1596]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" value="2005-08-10">10.viii.2005</date>
(N. Hamada, M. Pepinelli &amp; V.L. Landeiro) ­ 2L, 3P in ethanol (
<collectionCode id="ED64AE280219207DFC50F991BA46F996" box="[1018,1091,1610,1636]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">INPA</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36F65660219207FFE92F9AABB2EF9C4" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BCA36ED0219207DFE92F9AABD73F925" blockId="9.[264,1323,284,1751]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF0219207DFE92F9AABFCDF979" bold="true" box="[312,456,1649,1675]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Etymology:</emphasis>
This species is named in honor of Jeferson Oliveira da Silva (INPA/ CPEN), an ethical and dedicated professional and a good friend, who has been working tirelessly with N. Hamada in the field and laboratory.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0A6665021A207EFEA2FA7DBFD0F9BB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171775/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" targetBox="[273,1310,322,1412]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BCA36ED021A207EFEA2FA7DBFD0F9BB" blockId="10.[264,1323,1445,1609]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021A207EFEA2FA7DBFCBFA4C" bold="true" box="[264,462,1445,1471]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">FIGURES 29–36</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021A207EFE49FA7CBCB4FA4C" authority="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli, 2006" authorityName="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli" authorityYear="2006" box="[483,689,1447,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jefersoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021A207EFE49FA7CBCB4FA4C" box="[483,689,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Simulium jefersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2325784021A207EFD14FA7DBCFBFA4F" box="[702,766,1446,1469]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021A207EFCBBFA7DBD62FA4F" box="[785,871,1446,1469]" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021A207EFCDDFA7DBDE9FA4F" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1834" box="[887,1004,1446,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Simuliidae</taxonomicName>
) pupa.
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021A207EFBEDFA7DBA8AFA4C" bold="true" box="[1095,1167,1446,1470]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">29, 30</emphasis>
. Habitus.
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021A207EFAA3FA7DBB26FA4C" bold="true" box="[1289,1315,1446,1470]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">29</emphasis>
. Lateral view (length = 3.40 mm).
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021A207EFD21FA11BCA3FA10" bold="true" box="[651,678,1482,1506]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">30</emphasis>
. Dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021A207EFCE7FA11BD6DFA10" bold="true" box="[845,872,1482,1506]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">31</emphasis>
. Gill filaments (length = 1.90 mm).
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021A207EFAA3FA11BB26FA10" bold="true" box="[1289,1315,1482,1506]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">32</emphasis>
. Thoracic trichomes (trichomes length = 0.28 mm).
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021A207EFCEEFA37BD5AF9F6" bold="true" box="[836,863,1516,1540]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">33</emphasis>
. Frontoclypeus (antennal sheath length = 0.38 mm).
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021A207EFE2DF9D4BFA7F9D5" bold="true" box="[391,418,1551,1575]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">34</emphasis>
. Frontoclypeus trichomes (trichome length = 0.27 mm).
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021A207EFB8CF9D4BA45F9D5" bold="true" box="[1062,1088,1551,1575]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">35</emphasis>
. Antenal sheath.
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021A207EFAA3F9D4BB26F9D5" bold="true" box="[1289,1315,1551,1575]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">36</emphasis>
. Cephalic tubercles.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCA36ED021A207FFE92F957BB2EF9C4" blockId="10.[264,1323,1676,1903]" lastBlockId="11.[264,1325,284,1874]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021A207EFE92F957BD12F954" bold="true" box="[312,791,1676,1702]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Taxonomic discussion and diagnosis:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021A207EFC89F956BA02F954" authority="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli, 2006" authorityName="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli" authorityYear="2006" box="[803,1031,1677,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jefersoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021A207EFC89F956BA02F954" box="[803,1031,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Simulium jefersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2325784021A207EFBBEF956BA5CF955" box="[1044,1113,1677,1703]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is placed in the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021A207EFED5F96EBC09F93C" box="[383,524,1717,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chirostilbia">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021A207EFED5F96EBC09F93C" box="[383,524,1717,1742]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Chirostilbia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the combination of characters given by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B1C021A207EFBCDF96EBB22F93D" author="Coscaron" box="[1127,1319,1717,1743]" pageId="10" pageNumber="36" refString="Coscaron, S. (1987) El genero Simulium Latreille en la region Neotropical: Analisis de los grupos supraespecificos, especies que los integran y distribucion geografica (Simuliidae, Diptera). Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Colecao Emilie Snethlage, Belem, Para, Brasil, 111 pp." type="book" year="1987">Coscarón (1987</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B1C021A207EFEA2F906BF42F905" author="Coscaron" box="[264,327,1757,1783]" pageId="10" pageNumber="36" refString="Coscaron, S. (1991) Fauna de agua dulce de la Republica Argentina. Insecta, Diptera, Simuliidae 38. FECIC Bs. Aires, Argentina, 304 pp." type="book" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
). Within
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021A207EFE19F906BC45F904" box="[435,576,1757,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chirostilbia">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021A207EFE19F906BC45F904" box="[435,576,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Chirostilbia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this species might be included in the
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021A207EFBA9F906BA86F904" authorityName="Kollar" authorityYear="1832" box="[1027,1155,1757,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pertinax">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021A207EFBA9F906BA17F904" box="[1027,1042,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021A207EFB8BF906BA86F904" box="[1057,1155,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">pertinax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group by having females with a black thorax and tarsal claws with a basal tooth (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B1C021A207EFBCDF8DEBB1BF8ED" author="Coscaron" box="[1127,1310,1797,1823]" pageId="10" pageNumber="36" refString="Coscaron, S. (1987) El genero Simulium Latreille en la region Neotropical: Analisis de los grupos supraespecificos, especies que los integran y distribucion geografica (Simuliidae, Diptera). Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Colecao Emilie Snethlage, Belem, Para, Brasil, 111 pp." type="book" year="1987">Coscarón 1987</bibRefCitation>
). However, the males have a ridge on the median region of the gonostyle, as in the species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021A207EFE9EF88EBFE7F89C" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1910" box="[308,482,1877,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subpallidum">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021A207EFE9EF88EBF46F89C" box="[308,323,1877,1902]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021A207EFEFBF88EBFE7F89C" box="[337,482,1877,1902]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">subpallidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. The adults in the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021A207EFCD5F88EBA0EF89C" box="[895,1035,1877,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chirostilbia">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021A207EFCD5F88EBA0EF89C" box="[895,1035,1877,1902]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Chirostilbia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are difficult to separate, especially those species in the
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFD2BFEC7BD01FEC7" authorityName="Kollar" authorityYear="1832" box="[641,772,284,310]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pertinax">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFD2BFEC7BC95FEC7" box="[641,656,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFD08FEC7BD01FEC7" box="[674,772,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">pertinax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, without examination of the pupal gill configuration. Comparisons, especially with species in image archives in the BMNH, identified black fly specimens at INPA and BMNH, and published illustrations of known species of
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFE3BFE4FBC1BFE5F" box="[401,542,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chirostilbia">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFE3BFE4FBC1BFE5F" box="[401,542,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Chirostilbia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, indicate that
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFD7DFE4FBD64FE5F" authority="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli, 2006" authorityName="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli" authorityYear="2006" box="[727,865,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jefersoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFD7DFE4FBD64FE5F" box="[727,865,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S. jefersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2325784021B207FFCDAFE4FBDB0FE5C" box="[880,949,404,430]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is morphologically similar to several species. The females are externally similar to females of
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFBA4FE67BFCDFE0C" authority="Coscaron &amp; Wygodzinsky" authorityName="Coscaron &amp; Wygodzinsky" authorityYear="1972" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acarayense">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFBA4FE67BAB1FE27" box="[1038,1204,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S. acarayense</emphasis>
Coscarón &amp; Wygodzinsky
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFE73FE3FBCAAFE0C" authority="Varg" authorityName="Varg" box="[473,687,484,510]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laneportoi">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFE73FE3FBC76FE0F" box="[473,627,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S. laneportoi</emphasis>
Varg
</taxonomicName>
a s,
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFD76FE3FBDEBFE0C" authority="Coscaron" authorityName="Coscaron" authorityYear="1982" box="[732,1006,484,510]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papaveroi">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFD76FE3FBD77FE0F" box="[732,882,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S. papaveroi</emphasis>
Coscarón
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFC51FE3FBB02FE0C" authority="Coscaron" authorityName="Coscaron" box="[1019,1287,484,510]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serranum">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFC51FE3FBA8EFE0F" box="[1019,1163,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S. serranum</emphasis>
Coscarón
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFABEFE3FBC04FDD4" authority="Lutz" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinibranchium">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFABEFE3FBFBAFDD7" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S. spinibranchium</emphasis>
Lutz
</taxonomicName>
, the black form of
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFD75FDD7BDCAFDD4" authority="Lutz" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1910" box="[735,975,524,550]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subpallidum">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFD75FDD7BD8BFDD7" box="[735,910,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S. subpallidum</emphasis>
Lutz
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFBA6FDD7BB2EFDD4" authority="Enderlein" authorityName="Enderlein" box="[1036,1323,524,550]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striginotum">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFBA6FDD7BAB4FDD7" box="[1036,1201,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S. striginotum</emphasis>
Enderlein
</taxonomicName>
by having the scutum black with 1+1 median and 1+1 sublateral silver pruinose vittae and a black lyre­shaped pattern. However, the new species can be distinguished by the structure of the anal lobe (
<figureCitation id="134E2A68021B207FFD91FD5FBC95FD6C" box="[571,656,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 17" captionStartId="5.[264,383,1210,1234]" captionTargetBox="[283,1300,406,1183]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[276,1312,406,1184]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 17. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) female. 14. Hypogynial lobes, ventral view. 15. Cercus and anal lobe (cercus basal length = 0.07 mm), lateral view. 16. Genital fork (stem length = 0.16 mm). 17. Groups of internal spicules in the spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171772/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
) and its length, which is nearly 1.5 times longer than the cercus. In the other species, the anal lobe is approximately 2.5 to 3 times longer than the cercus. The male thoracic pattern of
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFD17FD0FBD47FD1F" authority="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli, 2006" authorityName="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli" authorityYear="2006" box="[701,834,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jefersoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFD17FD0FBD47FD1F" box="[701,834,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S. jefersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2325784021B207FFCE1FD0FBD8EFD1C" box="[843,907,724,750]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is also similar to that of species in the
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFE99FD27BFB4FCE7" authorityName="Kollar" authorityYear="1832" box="[307,433,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pertinax">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFE99FD27BFB4FCE7" box="[307,433,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S. pertinax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group, from which this species can be distinguished by the structure of the gonostyle and the ventral plate. In
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFD51FCFFBD84FCCF" authority="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli, 2006" authorityName="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli" authorityYear="2006" box="[763,897,804,829]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jefersoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFD51FCFFBD84FCCF" box="[763,897,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S. jefersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2325784021B207FFC20FCFFBDC8FCCC" box="[906,973,804,830]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, the gonostyle is conical and finger­like with a ridge (
<figureCitation id="134E2A68021B207FFD9AFC97BC8FFC94" box="[560,650,844,870]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 28" captionStartId="8.[264,383,972,996]" captionTargetBox="[303,1278,329,938]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[297,1289,318,947]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 28. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) male. 25. Paramere. 26. Median sclerite (length = 0.12 mm). 27. Ventral plate (widest width = 0.17 mm). 28. Gonocoxite and gonostyle (gonostyle length = 0.08 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171774/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
), and the ventral plate is distinctly rectangular, with the ventral margin nearly straight (
<figureCitation id="134E2A68021B207FFDDDFCAFBCCAFC7C" box="[631,719,884,910]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 28" captionStartId="8.[264,383,972,996]" captionTargetBox="[303,1278,329,938]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[297,1289,318,947]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 28. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) male. 25. Paramere. 26. Median sclerite (length = 0.12 mm). 27. Ventral plate (widest width = 0.17 mm). 28. Gonocoxite and gonostyle (gonostyle length = 0.08 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171774/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
), similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFC18FCAFBB23FC7C" authority="(Coscaron 1991)" authorityName="Coscaron" authorityYear="1991" baseAuthorityName="Coscaron" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[946,1318,884,910]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acarayense">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFC18FCAFBA53FC7F" box="[946,1110,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S. acarayense</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B1C021B207FFBCCFCAFBB18FC7C" author="Coscaron" box="[1126,1309,884,910]" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" refString="Coscaron, S. (1991) Fauna de agua dulce de la Republica Argentina. Insecta, Diptera, Simuliidae 38. FECIC Bs. Aires, Argentina, 304 pp." type="book" year="1991">Coscarón 1991</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The most reliable character for identifying
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFCA9FC47BD83FC47" authority="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli, 2006" authorityName="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli" authorityYear="2006" box="[771,902,924,949]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jefersoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFCA9FC47BD83FC47" box="[771,902,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S. jefersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2325784021B207FFC25FC47BDCBFC44" box="[911,974,924,950]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is the structure of the cocoon and the number and configuration of the pupal gill filaments. The pupa of the new species has eight gill filaments (
<figureCitation id="134E2A68021B207FFDECFC37BCA0FBF4" box="[582,677,1004,1030]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 36" captionStartId="10.[264,383,1446,1470]" captionTargetBox="[273,1310,322,1412]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[267,1324,318,1418]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 36. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) pupa. 29, 30. Habitus. 29. Lateral view (length = 3.40 mm). 30. Dorsal view. 31. Gill filaments (length = 1.90 mm). 32. Thoracic trichomes (trichomes length = 0.28 mm). 33. Frontoclypeus (antennal sheath length = 0.38 mm). 34. Frontoclypeus trichomes (trichome length = 0.27 mm). 35. Antenal sheath. 36. Cephalic tubercles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171775/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
), which group this species with
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFBF8FC37BAF8FBF7" baseAuthorityName="Coscaron" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[1106,1277,1004,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acarayense">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFBF8FC37BAF8FBF7" box="[1106,1277,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S. acarayense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFABEFC37BF7EFBDF" authorityName="Py-Daniel &amp; Moreira" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="empascae">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFABEFC37BF7EFBDF" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S. empascae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFE21FBCFBC26FBDF" box="[395,547,1044,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laneportoi">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFE21FBCFBC26FBDF" box="[395,547,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S. laneportoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFD99FBCFBCC3FBDF" authorityName="Coscaron" authorityYear="1982" box="[563,710,1044,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papaveroi">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFD99FBCFBCC3FBDF" box="[563,710,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S. papaveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFD7CFBCFBD52FBDF" authorityName="Kollar" authorityYear="1832" box="[726,855,1044,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pertinax">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFD7CFBCFBD52FBDF" box="[726,855,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S. pertinax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFCCCFBCFBDF1FBDF" box="[870,1012,1044,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serranum">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFCCCFBCFBDF1FBDF" box="[870,1012,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S. serranum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFBAEFBCFBADFFBDF" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1910" box="[1028,1242,1044,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinibranchium">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFBAEFBCFBADFFBDF" box="[1028,1242,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S. spinibranchium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFABEFBCFBFA4FBA7" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFABEFBCFBF98FBA7" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subpallidum">S. subpallidum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
However,
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFDB5FBE7BCA6FBA7" authority="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli, 2006" authorityName="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli" authorityYear="2006" box="[543,675,1084,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jefersoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFDB5FBE7BCA6FBA7" box="[543,675,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S. jefersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2325784021B207FFD03FBE7BCEDFBA4" box="[681,744,1084,1110]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be separated by the shoe­shaped cocoon with prominent anterior fenestrations (
<figureCitation id="134E2A68021B207FFD3BFBBFBD24FB8C" box="[657,801,1124,1150]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 36" captionStartId="10.[264,383,1446,1470]" captionTargetBox="[273,1310,322,1412]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[267,1324,318,1418]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 36. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) pupa. 29, 30. Habitus. 29. Lateral view (length = 3.40 mm). 30. Dorsal view. 31. Gill filaments (length = 1.90 mm). 32. Thoracic trichomes (trichomes length = 0.28 mm). 33. Frontoclypeus (antennal sheath length = 0.38 mm). 34. Frontoclypeus trichomes (trichome length = 0.27 mm). 35. Antenal sheath. 36. Cephalic tubercles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171775/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Figs. 29, 30</figureCitation>
). In this respect,
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFC41FBBFBA75FB8F" authority="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli, 2006" authorityName="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli" authorityYear="2006" box="[1003,1136,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jefersoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFC41FBBFBA75FB8F" box="[1003,1136,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S. jefersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2325784021B207FFBDDFBBFBAB3FB8C" box="[1143,1206,1124,1150]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFE82FB57BFC4FB57" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1910" box="[296,449,1164,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctum">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFE82FB57BFC4FB57" box="[296,449,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S. distinctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFE7BFB57BC79FB57" box="[465,636,1164,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="friedlanderi">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFE7BFB57BC79FB57" box="[465,636,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S. friedlanderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFD26FB57BD6AFB54" authority="Vulcano" authorityName="Vulcano" authorityYear="1959" box="[652,879,1164,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obesum">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFD26FB57BD01FB57" box="[652,772,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S. obesum</emphasis>
Vulcano
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFC01FB57BA60FB57" box="[939,1125,1164,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="riograndense">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFC01FB57BA60FB57" box="[939,1125,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S. riograndense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the number of its gill filaments distinguishes it from these species, which have 10, 11,&gt;100, and 10 filaments, respectively. The cocoon in
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFD78FB07BD61FB07" authorityName="Py-Daniel &amp; Moreira" authorityYear="1988" box="[722,868,1244,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="empascae">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFD78FB07BD61FB07" box="[722,868,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S. empascae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also shoe­shaped, but the pupal gill filaments and the cocoon have different configurations. The pupa of
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFB81FADFBAABFAEF" authority="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli, 2006" authorityName="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli" authorityYear="2006" box="[1067,1198,1284,1309]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jefersoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFB81FADFBAABFAEF" box="[1067,1198,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S. jefersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2325784021B207FFB1FFADFBAF1FAEC" box="[1205,1268,1284,1310]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
also can be recognized by the set of three primary branches giving rise to three sets of secondary branches that curve at their midpoints and diverge inward apically (
<figureCitation id="134E2A68021B207FFB39FA8FBAEDFA9C" box="[1171,1256,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 36" captionStartId="10.[264,383,1446,1470]" captionTargetBox="[273,1310,322,1412]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[267,1324,318,1418]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 36. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) pupa. 29, 30. Habitus. 29. Lateral view (length = 3.40 mm). 30. Dorsal view. 31. Gill filaments (length = 1.90 mm). 32. Thoracic trichomes (trichomes length = 0.28 mm). 33. Frontoclypeus (antennal sheath length = 0.38 mm). 34. Frontoclypeus trichomes (trichome length = 0.27 mm). 35. Antenal sheath. 36. Cephalic tubercles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171775/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
), and the thorax and frontoclypeus with prominent, multiramous trichomes (
<figureCitation id="134E2A68021B207FFBFAFAA7BAE1FA64" box="[1104,1252,1404,1430]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 36" captionStartId="10.[264,383,1446,1470]" captionTargetBox="[273,1310,322,1412]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[267,1324,318,1418]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 36. Simulium jefersoni n. sp. (Diptera: Simuliidae) pupa. 29, 30. Habitus. 29. Lateral view (length = 3.40 mm). 30. Dorsal view. 31. Gill filaments (length = 1.90 mm). 32. Thoracic trichomes (trichomes length = 0.28 mm). 33. Frontoclypeus (antennal sheath length = 0.38 mm). 34. Frontoclypeus trichomes (trichome length = 0.27 mm). 35. Antenal sheath. 36. Cephalic tubercles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171775/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Figs. 32, 34</figureCitation>
). The pupae of the known eight­filamented species of
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFCFDFA7FBDE1FA4F" box="[855,996,1444,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chirostilbia">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFCFDFA7FBDE1FA4F" box="[855,996,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Chirostilbia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Neotropical Region have a different gill and trichome configuration pattern. The postgenal cleft of the lastinstar larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFE1BFA2FBC30F9FF" authority="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli, 2006" authorityName="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli" authorityYear="2006" box="[433,565,1524,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jefersoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFE1BFA2FBC30F9FF" box="[433,565,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S. jefersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2325784021B207FFD96FA2FBC7FF9FC" box="[572,634,1524,1550]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFCCEFA2FBABBF9FC" authority="(Coscaron 1981)" authorityName="Coscaron" authorityYear="1981" baseAuthorityName="Coscaron" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[868,1214,1524,1550]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serranum">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFCCEFA2FBDF4F9FF" box="[868,1009,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">S. serranum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B1C021B207FFBAAFA2FBAB0F9FC" author="Coscaron" box="[1024,1205,1524,1550]" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" refString="Coscaron, S. (1981) Notas sobre simulidos Neotropicales XI. Sobre el subgenero Simulium (Chirostilbia) Enderlein, con la descripcion de dos especies nuevas del S. E. del Brasil (Diptera, Insecta). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 40, 157 - 164." type="journal article" year="1981">Coscarón 1981</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, but both species can be distinguished by the different structure of the filaments of the gill histoblast.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36F6566021B207FFE92F99FBABEF8A0" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCA36ED021B207FFE92F99FBABEF8A0" blockId="11.[264,1325,284,1874]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFE92F99FBFC1F9AC" bold="true" box="[312,452,1604,1630]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Bionomics:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C754D6E021B207FFE64F99FBCABF9AF" authority="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli, 2006" authorityName="Hamada &amp; Hernandez &amp; Luz &amp; Pepinelli" authorityYear="2006" box="[462,686,1604,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jefersoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B901EAFF021B207FFE64F99FBCABF9AF" box="[462,686,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Simulium jefersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2325784021B207FFD13F99FBCFEF9AC" box="[697,763,1604,1630]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has been collected only in the state of Bahia,
<collectingCountry id="F362767D021B207FFEA2F9B7BF57F974" box="[264,338,1644,1670]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, in Chapada Diamantina National Park and the surrounding area. The immature stages were collected from trailing vegetation, deciduous leaves, and rocks in areas with faster flow in 30 rock­bottomed streams, with width varying from
<quantity id="4C8D9B08021B207FFBB1F967BA8AF924" box="[1051,1167,1724,1750]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="25.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="1.0">
1 to
<specimenCount id="9D73FD64021B207FFBFAF967BA8AF924" box="[1104,1167,1724,1750]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" type="generic">50 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. The streams had black water, mean water temperature of 21o C (SD = 2.0), median electrical conductivity below 20µS/cm, and mean pH of 4.5 (SD = 0.45). These streams were located at altitudes of
<quantity id="4C8D9B08021B207FFDA1F8E3BCBCF8A0" box="[523,697,1848,1874]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.065" metricValueMax="13.45" metricValueMin="4.68" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="906.5" valueMax="1345.0" valueMin="468.0">468 to 1345 m</quantity>
. Females were not collected biting humans.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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