174 lines
21 KiB
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174 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="5493A88D2D831BA6F5D25C90C19B512A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4750.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ff300143-3581-4909-ae95-8dec768fe27a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3702847" ID-ZooBank="CF37CEA8-E156-48A6-8A28-C94A294A75DF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1583849226697" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L. & Fujita, Toshihiko" docDate="2020" docId="03DC87ABFFDD022717E81ED4FAFF92E8" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4750.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4750 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Solasteridae Viguier 1878" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="69" masterDocId="FFE5FFD3FFDF0225177F1F41FFA29777" masterDocTitle="New species and occurrence records of Japanese Solasteridae and Ganeriidae including a new species of Paralophaster from the North Pacific with an overview of Hyalinothrix" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="67" pageNumber="69" updateTime="1698726646140" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6940C0ABD6CFE25409D349C0C5F391A1">
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<mods:title id="6F7502E6FD6B20ED0730F3805374CA8F">New species and occurrence records of Japanese Solasteridae and Ganeriidae including a new species of Paralophaster from the North Pacific with an overview of Hyalinothrix</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="478374381768771A58A25A992048C562">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5784FD154E3393B7D19E1C3F0DF7769B">Fujita, Toshihiko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0401F5C95B5E0C476B3A39540DFFA642">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="45D5D488A01BBF00129A0C1C9CF47350">
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<mods:date id="F94BEF65CF9FC01BEB6B582F8D8BF12C">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="58301499751C4219199BC42A355A2229">2020-03-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="01EC0FDF7DFE32EC99168A8372AD0DDC">4750</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03DC87ABFFDD022717E81ED4FAFF92E8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3706303" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162481319" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3706303" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC87ABFFDD022717E81ED4FAFF92E8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC87ABFFDD022717E81ED4FAFF92E8" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
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<subSubSection id="C36F6536FFDD022717E81ED4FB2095B8" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFDD022717E81ED4FD8196D8" blockId="2.[151,547,405,431]" box="[151,547,405,431]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
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<heading id="D08281D1FFDD022717E81ED4FD8196D8" bold="true" box="[151,547,405,431]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDD022717E81ED4FD8196D8" ID-CoL="7NL36" authority="Viguier 1878" authorityName="Viguier" authorityYear="1878" box="[151,547,405,431]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDD022717E81ED4FD8196D8" bold="true" box="[151,547,405,431]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">SOLASTERIDAE Viguier 1878</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFDD022717E81E9CFB2095B8" blockId="2.[151,1437,477,1439]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
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Multi-armed solasterid genera such as
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDD022715351E9CFD609680" authorityName="J.Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1840" box="[586,706,477,503]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Crossaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDD022715351E9CFD609680" box="[586,706,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Crossaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDD022715861E9CFCF79680" authorityName="E.Forbes" authorityYear="1839" box="[761,853,477,503]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDD022715861E9CFCF79680" box="[761,853,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Solaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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occupy important ecological roles as predators (see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFDD022717E81D40FECD956C" author="Mauzey, K. P. & Birkeland, C. & Dayton, P. K." box="[151,367,513,539]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="603 - 619" refId="ref25363" refString="Mauzey, K. P., Birkeland, C. & Dayton, P. K. (1968) Feeding behavior of asteroids and escape responses of their prey in the Puget Sound region. Ecology, 49, 603 - 619. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1935526" type="journal article" year="1968">
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Mauzey
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDD022717881D43FE85956C" box="[247,295,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">et al</emphasis>
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. 1968
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFDD022716051D40FDDE956C" author="Carlson, H. R. & Pfister, C. A." box="[378,636,513,539]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="223 - 230" refId="ref22995" refString="Carlson, H. R. & Pfister, C. A. (1999) A seventeen-year study of the rose star Crossaster papposus population in a coastal bay in southeast Alaska. Marine Biology, Berlin, 133, 223 - 230. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 002270050461" type="journal article" year="1999">Carlson & Pfister 1999</bibRefCitation>
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; among others) and display importance in influencing community structure (e.g., Himmelman & Dutil 1991). Some five-rayed solasterids, such as those in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDD022713B41D64FA9F9548" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1878" box="[1227,1341,549,575]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDD022713B41D64FA9F9548" box="[1227,1341,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Lophaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are also predators (e.g., Duncan &
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFDD022716C21D08FDE99514" author="Sladen, W. P." box="[445,587,585,611]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" refId="ref25964" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Report on the Asteroidea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 30 (51), xlii + 893 pages, 118 plates." type="book" year="1889">Sladen 1889</bibRefCitation>
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; Mah pers. obs.) but are not as well understood. Solasterids include a total of 52 species in ten genera, which occur primarily in cold to temperate water habitats ranging from intertidal to abyssal (>
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<quantity id="4C8D9B58FFDD022717D11DD0FEAA95DC" box="[174,264,657,683]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</quantity>
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) depths. The
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDD022716D91DD0FD8D95DC" authorityName="Viguier" authorityYear="1878" box="[422,559,657,683]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Solasteridae</taxonomicName>
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includes nine living genera in addition to the Jurassic
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDD022713DD1DD0FAE595DC" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1993" box="[1186,1351,657,683]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Brachisolaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDD022713DD1DD0FAE595DC" box="[1186,1351,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Brachisolaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Fisher (1911) provided one of the last comprehensive keys to the genera within the
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDD0227148E1DF4FBDC95B8" authorityName="Viguier" authorityYear="1878" box="[1009,1150,693,719]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Solasteridae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36F6536FFDD022717B81D98FC9393D4" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFDD022717B81D98FD9494BC" blockId="2.[151,1437,477,1439]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
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In the Japanese region, initial accounts of Japanese solasterids included those of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFDD022713071D98FABB9584" author="Sladen, W. P." box="[1144,1305,729,755]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" refId="ref25964" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Report on the Asteroidea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 30 (51), xlii + 893 pages, 118 plates." type="book" year="1889">Sladen (1889)</bibRefCitation>
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and Fisher (1911).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFDD0227178F1DBCFE3B9460" author="Hayashi, R." box="[240,409,765,791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="297 - 311" refId="ref24142" refString="Hayashi, R. (1939) Solasterids in Japanese waters. Journal of the Faculty of Imperial Science of Hokkaido University, 6 (3), 297 - 311." type="journal article" year="1939">Hayashi (1939</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFDD022716D91DBCFE7D9460" author="Hayashi, R." box="[422,479,765,791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="107 - 204" refId="ref24174" refString="Hayashi, R. (1940) Contributions to the Classification of the sea-stars of Japan. I. Spinulosa. Journal of the Faculty of Imperial Science of Hokkaido University, 6 (7), 107 - 204." type="journal article" year="1940">1940</bibRefCitation>
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) provided comprehensive descriptions and identification keys to
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDD022713B71DBCFA869460" authorityName="E.Forbes" authorityYear="1839" box="[1224,1316,765,791]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDD022713B71DBCFA869460" box="[1224,1316,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Solaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDD022712221DBCFF78944C" authorityName="J.Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Crossaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDD022712221DBCFF78944C" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Crossaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species from Japanese waters. Hayashi (1973) described a new species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDD022713781C60FB41944C" authorityName="Hayashi" authorityYear="1973" box="[1031,1251,801,827]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="asiaticus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDD022713781C60FB41944C" box="[1031,1251,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Lophaster asiaticus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which was also the first account of
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDD0227160E1C04FE419428" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1878" box="[369,483,837,863]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDD0227160E1C04FE419428" box="[369,483,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Lophaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Japanese waters. Imaoka
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDD0227143C1C07FCD79428" box="[835,885,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">et al</emphasis>
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. (1991) was the first to identify
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDD022713A01C04FEC294F4" authority="Fisher, 1905" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1905" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="furcilliger">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDD022713A01C04FF6E94F4" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Lophaster furcilliger</emphasis>
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Fisher, 1905
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</taxonomicName>
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, a species previously known from the Pacific coast of North America and the Aleutians, from the
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<collectingCountry id="F362762DFFDD022717E81CCCFF7594D0" box="[151,215,909,935]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Japan</collectingCountry>
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Sea. More recently
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFDD022716CA1CCCFD7194D0" author="Kogure, Y. & Kaneko, A." box="[437,723,909,935]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="97 - 102" refId="ref24736" refString="Kogure, Y. & Kaneko, A. (2010) A solasterid asteroid Seriaster regularis (Echinodermata, Asteroidea, Velatida) found in the Okinawa Islands: The first record from Japanese waters. Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan, 65, 97 - 102. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2010">Kogure & Kaneko (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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described
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDD022714341CCCFBBE94D0" authorityName="Jangoux" authorityYear="1984" box="[843,1052,909,935]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Seriaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="regularis">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDD022714341CCCFBBE94D0" box="[843,1052,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Seriaster regularis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingRegion id="49B1F85FFFDD022713211CCCFB6194D0" box="[1118,1219,909,935]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
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and provided a key to Japanese solasterids (in Japanese).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFDD022717B81C94FC9393D4" blockId="2.[151,1437,477,1439]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
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Comprehensive molecular phylogenetic treatments of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDD0227142B1C94FC7F9498" authorityName="Viguier" authorityYear="1878" box="[852,989,981,1007]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Solasteridae</taxonomicName>
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have not yet been undertaken, but both the two- and three-gene trees in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFDD0227156B1CB8FD5D9364" author="Mah, C. L. & Foltz, D. W." box="[532,767,1017,1043]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="769 - 788" refId="ref25250" refString="Mah, C. L. & Foltz, D. W. (2011) Molecular Phylogeny of the Valvatacea (Asteroidea, Echinodermata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 161, 769 - 788. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2010.00659. x" type="journal article" year="2011">Mah & Foltz (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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support five-rayed forms, such as
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDD022713E81CB8FAAB9364" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1878" box="[1175,1289,1017,1043]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDD022713E81CB8FAAB9364" box="[1175,1289,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Lophaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDD0227123A1CB8FF499340" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1940" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDD0227123A1CB8FF499340" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Paralophaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as relatively relative to multi-rayed forms such as the more derived
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDD0227148E1B5CFBCB9340" authorityName="J.Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1840" box="[1009,1129,1053,1079]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Crossaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDD0227148E1B5CFBCB9340" box="[1009,1129,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Crossaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDD022713DE1B5CFB5F9340" authorityName="E.Forbes" authorityYear="1839" box="[1185,1277,1053,1079]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDD022713DE1B5CFB5F9340" box="[1185,1277,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Solaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Although the position of the “traditional”
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDD022716A81B00FDF0932C" authorityName="sensu Spencer and Wright" authorityYear="1966" box="[471,594,1089,1115]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ganeriidae</taxonomicName>
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(sensu
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFDD022715D51B00FC1B932B" author="Spencer, W. K. & Wright, C. W." box="[682,953,1089,1116]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="107" refId="ref26016" refString="Spencer, W. K. & Wright, C. W. (1966) Asterozoans, Part U: Echinodermata In: Moore, R. C (Ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, 3 (1), U 4 - U 107." type="journal article" year="1966">Spencer & Wright 1966</bibRefCitation>
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) is not completely understood, its position on proximal locations on the broader clade are relevant to the
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDD022714351B24FC719308" authorityName="Viguier" authorityYear="1878" box="[842,979,1125,1151]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Solasteridae</taxonomicName>
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as potential sister taxa given shared synapomorphies between some ganeriids and basal solasterids.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36F6536FFDD022717B81BEDFAFF92E8" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFDD022717B81BEDFAFF92E8" blockId="2.[151,1437,477,1439]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDD022717B81BEDFEE093B0" bold="true" box="[199,322,1196,1223]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Body stellate, disk thick, well defined arms, 5 to 15, round in cross-section. Abactinal surface composed of lobate plates in irregular reticulum, displaying variably close to wide articulation with single to large papular expression. Plates with variable accessories ranging from spines to paxillae. Marginal plates present in two series (following
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFDD0227166A1A58FE3B9244" author="Blake, D. B." box="[277,409,1305,1331]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="234 - 241" refId="ref22895" refString="Blake, D. B. (1978) The taxonomic position of the modern sea-star Cistina Gray, 1840. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 91 (1), 234 - 241." type="journal article" year="1978">Blake 1978</bibRefCitation>
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|
), but one or both series show variable degrees of expression resembling abactinal plates or paxillae. Actinal plates restricted to disk in most taxa. Adambulacral plates wing-like, forming transverse series with interadambulacdral plate spaces filled with tissue. Adambulacral plate surface with variable spine expression projecting into furrow. Subambulacral spination variably expressed as individual spines, in tufts or as combs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |