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<mods:title id="E53720B77C5AAF04A78F3685ED69BF34">New species and occurrence records of Japanese Solasteridae and Ganeriidae including a new species of Paralophaster from the North Pacific with an overview of Hyalinothrix</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D49BB45A54A55D83BCCD644EA2A92B60">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03DC87ABFFCF023517E81E9DFBD19428" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3706281" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162481322" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3706281" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC87ABFFCF023517E81E9DFBD19428" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC87ABFFCF023517E81E9DFBD19428" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="16" pageNumber="83">
<subSubSection id="C36F6536FFCF023517E81E9DFE319680" box="[151,403,476,503]" pageId="16" pageNumber="83" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFCF023517E81E9DFE319680" blockId="16.[151,1437,476,863]" box="[151,403,476,503]" pageId="16" pageNumber="83">
<heading id="D08281D1FFCF023517E81E9DFE319680" bold="true" box="[151,403,476,503]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="83" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFCF023517E81E9DFE319680" bold="true" box="[151,403,476,503]" pageId="16" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFCF023517E81E9DFF4D9680" bold="true" box="[151,239,476,503]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="83">What is</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFCF023517891E9DFE2A9680" authorityName="H. E. S. Clark" authorityYear="1972" box="[246,392,476,503]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Knightaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="83" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Knightaster</taxonomicName>
?
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C36F6536FFCF023517B81D40FBD19428" pageId="16" pageNumber="83" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFCF023517B81D40FC4F95F0" blockId="16.[151,1437,476,863]" pageId="16" pageNumber="83">
Based on the description outlined for
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFCF0235150F1D40FCE1956C" authorityName="H. E. S. Clark" authorityYear="1972" box="[624,835,513,539]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Knightaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="83" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bakeri">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFCF0235150F1D40FCE1956C" box="[624,835,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="83">Knightaster bakeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by H. E. S.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFCF023514B11D40FBFD956C" author="Clark, H. E. S." box="[974,1119,513,539]" pageId="16" pageNumber="83" pagination="147 - 150" refId="ref23284" refString="Clark, H. E. S. (1972) Knightster, a new genus of asteroid from Northern New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2 (2), 147 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03036758.1972.10429370" type="journal article" year="1972">Clark (1972)</bibRefCitation>
and H. E. S.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFCF023513891D40FE869548" author="Clark, H. E. S. &amp; McKnight, D. G." pageId="16" pageNumber="83" pagination="1 - 270" refId="ref23335" refString="Clark, H. E. S. &amp; McKnight, D. G. (2001) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Echinodermata: Asteroidea (sea-stars), Order Valvatida. NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 117, 1 - 270 pp." type="book chapter" year="2001">Clark &amp; McKnight (2001)</bibRefCitation>
and compared with details summarized by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFCF023514691D64FBC19548" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. &amp; Waters J. W." box="[790,1123,549,575]" pageId="16" pageNumber="83" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref25784" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. &amp; Waters J. W. (2004) A molecular and morphological revision of genera of Asterinidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 61 (1), 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2004.61.1" type="journal article" year="2004">OLoughlin &amp; Waters (2004)</bibRefCitation>
, several relevant characters suggest its membership should be ascribed to the
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFCF023515C51D08FC9D9514" baseAuthorityName="Sladen" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[698,831,585,611]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="83" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Asterinidae</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFCF023514371D08FC759514" author="Clark, H. E. S." box="[840,983,585,611]" pageId="16" pageNumber="83" pagination="147 - 150" refId="ref23284" refString="Clark, H. E. S. (1972) Knightster, a new genus of asteroid from Northern New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2 (2), 147 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03036758.1972.10429370" type="journal article" year="1972">Clark (1972)</bibRefCitation>
proposed affinities with several ganeriid genera, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFCF023516371D2CFE0D95F0" authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1881" box="[328,431,621,647]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Cycethra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="83" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFCF023516371D2CFE0D95F0" box="[328,431,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="83">Cycethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but provided no characters for these relationships.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFCF023517B81DD0FBD19428" blockId="16.[151,1437,476,863]" pageId="16" pageNumber="83">
Based on
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFCF023516471DD0FE7995DC" author="Clark, H. E. S." box="[312,475,657,683]" pageId="16" pageNumber="83" pagination="147 - 150" refId="ref23284" refString="Clark, H. E. S. (1972) Knightster, a new genus of asteroid from Northern New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2 (2), 147 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03036758.1972.10429370" type="journal article" year="1972">Clarks (1972)</bibRefCitation>
description,
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFCF023515101DD0FD5195DC" authorityName="H. E. S. Clark" authorityYear="1972" box="[623,755,657,683]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Knightaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="83" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFCF023515101DD0FD5195DC" box="[623,755,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="83">Knightaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks paxillae, which are present in the other Hyalinothricinae, and has a surface with flattened, spine-bearing abactinal plates arranged into an irregular reticulum rather than imbricate plates forming a series of single regular papular pore openings.
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFCF023514951D98FBCC9584" authorityName="H. E. S. Clark" authorityYear="1972" box="[1002,1134,729,755]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Knightaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="83" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFCF023514951D98FBCC9584" box="[1002,1134,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="83">Knightaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
displays several character similarities asterinids which are narrow at the base of the arm, elongate and sub cylindrical in cross-section, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFCF023517E81C60FEAE944C" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[151,268,801,827]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Nepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="83" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFCF023517E81C60FEAE944C" box="[151,268,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="83">Nepanthia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFCF0235164E1C60FE51944C" authorityName="A.H.Clark" authorityYear="1916" box="[305,499,801,827]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Pseudonepanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="83" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFCF0235164E1C60FE51944C" box="[305,499,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="83">Pseudonepanthia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Considering the complexity of the asterinids, it is beyond the scope of this study to further reconcile
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFCF023516271C04FE7E9428" authorityName="H. E. S. Clark" authorityYear="1972" box="[344,476,837,863]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Knightaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="83" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFCF023516271C04FE7E9428" box="[344,476,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="83">Knightaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
without evaluation and comparison within the
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFCF023514941C04FBD29428" baseAuthorityName="Sladen" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1003,1136,837,863]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="83" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Asterinidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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