472 lines
46 KiB
XML
472 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.934.49359" ID-GBIF-Dataset="99c6eb43-dc87-4106-82ed-1325f4df7b26" ID-PMC="PMC7250940" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-934-25" ID-Pensoft-UUID="598339B5A93C5551BC575CD4048FC8D3" ID-PubMed="32508494" ID-ZooBank="B9F2C8D8C0314191B6F51E78D4D6881E" ModsDocID="1313-2970-934-25" checkinTime="1589939917447" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Smith, Rachel R. & Short, Andrew Edward Z." docDate="2020" docId="636C8FB19559580E826520422D880B66" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 934: 25-79" docOrigin="ZooKeys 934" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.934.49359" docTitle="Chasmogenus bariorum Garcia 2000" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="598339B5A93C5551BC575CD4048FC8D3" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="598339B5A93C5551BC575CD4048FC8D3" masterDocTitle="Review of the genus Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 of northeastern South America with an emphasis on Venezuela, Suriname, and Guyana (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)" masterLastPageNumber="79" masterPageNumber="25" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1668168854401" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Review of the genus Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 of northeastern South America with an emphasis on Venezuela, Suriname, and Guyana (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Smith, Rachel R.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, and Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rr.smith816@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Short, Andrew Edward Z.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, and Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">aezshort@ku.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>934</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>25</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>79</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.934.49359</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.934.49359</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-934-25</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B9F2C8D8C0314191B6F51E78D4D6881E</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">598339B5A93C5551BC575CD4048FC8D3</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="164241248" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:636C8FB19559580E826520422D880B66" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/636C8FB19559580E826520422D880B66" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="636C8FB1-9559-580E-8265-20422D880B66" authority="Garcia, 2000" authorityName="Garcia" authorityYear="2000" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus bariorum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bariorum">
|
||
Chasmogenus bariorum
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 2000
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Habitus of Chasmogenus spp. A-C C. flavomarginatus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view. D-F C. bariorum: D dorsal view E lateral view F ventral view. G-I C. castaneus G dorsal view H lateral view I ventral view. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411758" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Figures 3D-F</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Holotype labels of the four Venezuelan species of Chasmogenus described by Garcia (2000)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411761" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">, 6</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Lateral view of mesoventrite. A C. bariorum B C. cuspifer. Scale bar: 0.10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411762" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">, 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Dorsal view of heads of Chasmogenus spp. A C. castaneus B C. australis C C. bariorum D C. cuspifer E C. flavomarginatus F C. lineatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411763" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">, 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Aedeagi (dorsal view) A C. bariorum holotype (Venezuela: Zulia) B C. occidentalis holotype C C. yukparum holotype D-H C. bariorum D specimen from Zulia E specimen from Aragua F specimen from Falcon G specimen from Guarico H specimen from Trujillo. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411766" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">, 11A-H</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Distribution of Chasmogenus spp." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411772" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">, 17</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Habitat of Chasmogenus spp in the Andean region of Venezuela. A, B Type locality and habitat for C. bariorum, C. cuspifer, and C. castaneus, near El Tukuko, Rio Manantial collecting event VZ 09 - 0129 - 01 A) C habitat for C. bariorum and C. cuspifer, Henri Pittier National Park, Rio Cumboto (collecting event VZ 09 - 0104 - 02 B) D type locality and habitat for C. flavomarginatus, ca. 13 km NW of Baranitas (collecting event VZ 12 - 0124 - 02 B) E habitat for C. bariorum and C. lineatus, between San Juan and Dos Caminos, Rio San Antonio (collecting event VZ 09 - 0108 - 02 A) F habitat for C. bariorum and C. lineatus, near Arenales, Rio Salado (collecting event VZ 09 - 0122 - 01 X)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411774" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">, 19A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Habitat of Chasmogenus spp in the Andean region of Venezuela. A, B Type locality and habitat for C. bariorum, C. cuspifer, and C. castaneus, near El Tukuko, Rio Manantial collecting event VZ 09 - 0129 - 01 A) C habitat for C. bariorum and C. cuspifer, Henri Pittier National Park, Rio Cumboto (collecting event VZ 09 - 0104 - 02 B) D type locality and habitat for C. flavomarginatus, ca. 13 km NW of Baranitas (collecting event VZ 12 - 0124 - 02 B) E habitat for C. bariorum and C. lineatus, between San Juan and Dos Caminos, Rio San Antonio (collecting event VZ 09 - 0108 - 02 A) F habitat for C. bariorum and C. lineatus, near Arenales, Rio Salado (collecting event VZ 09 - 0122 - 01 X)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411774" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">, 19E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Garcia" authorityYear="2000" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus bariorum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bariorum">Chasmogenus bariorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 2000: 49.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="synonyms">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Synonyms.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus occidentalis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Chasmogenus occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 2000, syn. nov. Type material examined: Holotype (male): "Venezuela, Zulia/Mcpio. Machique de/ Perija, El Tokuku,/300 msnm 03/V/1998", "Colectores:/M.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García”">Garcia"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, "[Barcode]/ MALUZ10150/ LUZ-Venezuela", "Holotipo ['male
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="symbol’">symbol'</normalizedToken>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chasmogenus</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="occidentalis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ Dcrip. M.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1999" (MALUZ). The date on the label of the holotype (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Holotype labels of the four Venezuelan species of Chasmogenus described by Garcia (2000)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411761" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">6</figureCitation>
|
||
) differs slightly from that given in the original description, which was listed as 2 May 1995 instead of 3 May 1998. The type is an undissected male, the aedeagus is visibly protruding from the abdomen. We also examined a permanent genitalia slide that had been presumed to be the holotype and is labeled as this species (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Aedeagi (dorsal view) A C. bariorum holotype (Venezuela: Zulia) B C. occidentalis holotype C C. yukparum holotype D-H C. bariorum D specimen from Zulia E specimen from Aragua F specimen from Falcon G specimen from Guarico H specimen from Trujillo. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411766" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">11B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus yukparum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yukparum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Chasmogenus yukparum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 2000, syn. nov. Type material examined: Holotype (male): "Venezuela, Zulia/Mcpio. Machique de/ Perija, El Tokuku,/300 msnm 03/V/1998", "Colectores:/M.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García”">Garcia"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, "[Barcode]/ MALUZ10149/ LUZ-Venezuela", "Holotipo ['male
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="symbol’">symbol'</normalizedToken>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chasmogenus</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="yukparum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yukparum">yukparum</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ Dcrip. M.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1998" (MALUZ). The date on the label of the holotype (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Holotype labels of the four Venezuelan species of Chasmogenus described by Garcia (2000)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411761" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">6</figureCitation>
|
||
) differs slightly from that given in the original description, which was listed as 5 May 1995 instead of 3 May 1998. The dorsal portion of the abdomen is missing and may be the result of dissection. We also examined a permanent genitalia slide which is labeled as this species and had been presumed to be the holotype (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Aedeagi (dorsal view) A C. bariorum holotype (Venezuela: Zulia) B C. occidentalis holotype C C. yukparum holotype D-H C. bariorum D specimen from Zulia E specimen from Aragua F specimen from Falcon G specimen from Guarico H specimen from Trujillo. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411766" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">11C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The description of this species was based on a single male so we assume the genitalia on the slide is the holotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411762" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view of mesoventrite.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. bariorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="bariorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. bariorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. cuspifer" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="cuspifer">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. cuspifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scale bar: 0.10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Type material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Holotype (male)</emphasis>
|
||
: "Venezuela, Zulia/Mcpio. Machique de/ Perija, El Tokuku,/300 msnm 03/V/1998", "Colectores:/M.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García”">Garcia"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, "[Barcode]/ MALUZ10148/ LUZ-Venezuela", "Holotipo ['male
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="symbol’">symbol'</normalizedToken>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chasmogenus</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Garcia" authorityYear="2000" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="bariorum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bariorum">bariorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ Dcrip. M.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1998" (MALUZ). The date on the label of the holotype (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Holotype labels of the four Venezuelan species of Chasmogenus described by Garcia (2000)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411761" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">6</figureCitation>
|
||
) differs slightly from that given in the original description, which was listed as 2 May 1995 instead of 3 May 1998. The type is an undissected male, the aedeagus is visibly protruding from the abdomen. We also examined a permanent genitalia slide that had been presumed to be the holotype and is labeled as this species (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Aedeagi (dorsal view) A C. bariorum holotype (Venezuela: Zulia) B C. occidentalis holotype C C. yukparum holotype D-H C. bariorum D specimen from Zulia E specimen from Aragua F specimen from Falcon G specimen from Guarico H specimen from Trujillo. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411766" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">11A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411763" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view of heads of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Chasmogenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. castaneus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="castaneus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. castaneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. australis" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. bariorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="bariorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. bariorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. cuspifer" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="cuspifer">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. cuspifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">E</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. flavomarginatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="flavomarginatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. flavomarginatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">F</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. lineatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. lineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Additional material examined (198).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Venezuela: Aragua</emphasis>
|
||
: Henri Pittier National Park,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
La Trilla,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10.37319" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.37319">10.37319°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="67.74250" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-67.7425">67.74250°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 295 m, 4.i.2009, Short, Miller, Camacho, &
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Garíca">Garica</normalizedToken>
|
||
[sic], pools, VZ09-0104-01A (25 exs., MIZA, SEMC, including DNA Vouchers SLE078 and SLE531); Henri Pittier National Park,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Cumboto,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10.39376" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.39376">10.39376N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="67.79597" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-67.79597">67.79597W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 130m, 4.i.2009, leg. Short,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, & Miller, riverside pools, VZ09-0104-02B (7 exs., SEMC); Henri Pittier National Park,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="21.017" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.350284">10°21.017'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="40.883" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-67.68138">67°40.883'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 5.i.2009, leg. Miller, Camacho, and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, small stream, VZ09-0105-01A (1 ex., SEMC).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guárico">Guarico</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
San Antonio, north of Dos Caminos,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="46.320" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="9.772">9°46.320'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="21.177" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-67.35295">67°21.177'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 280 m, 8.i.2009, leg. Short, Miller and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, river margins, VZ09-0108-02A (7 exs., SEMC); same as previous except: leg. Miller & Short, side stream, VZ09-0108-02B (8 exs., SEMC, including DNA Voucher SLE1613); same as previous except: leg. K. B. Miller, micro habitats, VZ09-0108-02C (2 exs., SEMC); Stream at road crossing, north of Palenque,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="6.794" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="9.113234">9°6.794'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="66" direction="west" minutes="59.595" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-66.99325">66°59.595'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 152m, 8.i.2009, leg. Short,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Miller, Camacho and Joly, stream, VZ09-0108-03X (3 exs, SEMC);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guárico">Guarico</normalizedToken>
|
||
, N. San Juan,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9.95788" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="9.95788">9.95788N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="67.37773" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-67.37773">67.37773W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 435 m, 8.i.2009, leg. K. Miller & L. Joly, along river, VZ09-0108-01X (5 exs., SEMC); ~15 km south of San Juan,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="46.321" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="9.772017">9°46.321'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="21.201" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-67.35335">67°21.201'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 255 m, 3.i.2006, leg. A. E. Z. Short, stream margin and rock pools, AS-06-005 (1 ex., SEMC); ~20 km north of Dos Caminos,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="44.034" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="9.7339">9°44.034'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="19.003" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-67.31672">67°19.003'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 225 m, leg. A. E. Z. Short, gravelly margin of river, AS-06-020 (24 exs., SEMC).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Falcón">Falcon</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Rio Ricoa near Dos Bocas,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="17.424" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="11.2904">11°17.424'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="26.061" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-69.43435">69°26.061'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 170 m, 9.vii.2009, leg. Short, Sites, Gustafson,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Camacho, and Inciarte, along river margins, VZ09-0709-02A/L-1063 (4 exs., SEMC).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Lara</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Salado west of Arenales,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="9.260" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.154333">10°9.260'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="57.458" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-69.957634">69°57.458'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 490 m, 22.i.2009, leg. Short,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and Camacho, gravel stream, VZ09-0122-01X (5 exs., SEMC).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Trujillo</emphasis>
|
||
: Rio Jirajara near Sabana Grande,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="42.307" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="9.705116">9°42.307'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="32.570" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-70.54283">70°32.570'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 199 m, 29.i.2012, leg. Short, Arias, and Gustafson, muddy pool in floodplain, VZ12-0129-02A (4 exs., SEMC).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Zulia</emphasis>
|
||
: Perija National Park Tukuko,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Manantial,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="50.490" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="9.8415">9°50.490'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="49.310" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-72.82183">72°49.310'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 270 m, 29.i.2009, leg. Short,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and Camacho, gravel margin, VZ09-0129-01A (13 exs., SEMC, including DNA Voucher SLE534); same data as previous except: 22.ix.2007, leg. A. E. Z. Short, rock pools/margins, AS-07-020b (27 exs., SEMC); same data as previous except: 16.vii.2008, leg A. Short, margins and pools, AS-08-027 (14 exs., SEMC); Perija National Park, Rio Tukuko,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="50.515" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="9.841917">09°50.515'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="48.334" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-72.805565">72°48.334'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 15.vii.2008, leg. A. E. Z. Short, upstream of Tukuko, AS-08-029 (1 ex., SEMC); Perija National Park, Toromo,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="03.058" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.050966">10°03.058'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="42.974" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-72.71623">72°42.974'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 435 m, 31.xii.2005, leg. A. E. Z. Short, small stream and seep, AS-06-001 (5 exs., SEMC); same data as previous except: 28.i.2009, leg. A. Short, detrital pool, VZ09-0128-01A (3 exs., SEMC); c. 15 km southwest of El Dibujo,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10.79307" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.79307">10.79307N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="72.32331" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-72.32331">72.32331W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 155 m, 30.xii.2008, leg. Short,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and Camacho, muddy puddle, VZ08-1230-03B (1 ex, SEMC); same data as previous except: in stream, VZ08-1230-03X (2 exs., SEMC); Marshy pond,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10.85498" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.85498">10.85498N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="72.30837" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-72.30837">72.30837W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 81 m, 30.xii.2008, leg. Short,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and Camacho, pond margin, VZ08-1230-02X (1 ex., SEMC); 15 km west of Machiques,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="02.962" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.049367">10°02.962'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="42.615" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-72.71025">72°42.615'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 432 m, 31.xii.2005, leg. A. E. Z. Short, isolated rock pool, AS-06-002 (1 ex., SEMC); Quebrada Riencito,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10.86041" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.86041">10.86041N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="72.32210" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-72.3221">72.32210W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 95 m, 30.xii.2008, leg. A. Short and M.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, along margin, VZ08-1230-01B (34 exs., MIZA, SEMC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="differential diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
This species may be easily distinguished from others in the region by mesoventrite raised into an acute tooth (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Lateral view of mesoventrite. A C. bariorum B C. cuspifer. Scale bar: 0.10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411762" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">7A</figureCitation>
|
||
), shared only with the sympatric
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. cuspifer" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="cuspifer">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. cuspifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Garcia" authorityYear="2000" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus bariorum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bariorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Chasmogenus bariorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. cuspifer" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="cuspifer">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. cuspifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its larger size (≥ 3.5 mm) and narrower apex of the median lobe (11A-H).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Size and color.</emphasis>
|
||
Total body length 3.5-3.7 mm. Body form elongate oval with slightly subparallel lateral margins. Dorsum of head very dark brown to black, anterior margin of labrum slightly paler in color (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Dorsal view of heads of Chasmogenus spp. A C. castaneus B C. australis C C. bariorum D C. cuspifer E C. flavomarginatus F C. lineatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411763" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">8C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pronotum dark brown, distinctly paler at anterior and lateral margins; elytra dark brown, slightly paler at posterior margins (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Habitus of Chasmogenus spp. A-C C. flavomarginatus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view. D-F C. bariorum: D dorsal view E lateral view F ventral view. G-I C. castaneus G dorsal view H lateral view I ventral view. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411758" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">3D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prosternum and abdominal ventrites dark brown; meso- and metaventrites dark red-brown, trochanters and glabrous portion of femora red-orange (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Habitus of Chasmogenus spp. A-C C. flavomarginatus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view. D-F C. bariorum: D dorsal view E lateral view F ventral view. G-I C. castaneus G dorsal view H lateral view I ventral view. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411758" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">3F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
Ground punctation on head fine. Clypeus with anteromedial emargination, which exposes a trapezoidal-shaped gap between clypeus and labrum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Dorsal view of heads of Chasmogenus spp. A C. castaneus B C. australis C C. bariorum D C. cuspifer E C. flavomarginatus F C. lineatus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411763" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">8C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mentum weakly depressed in anterior half with shallowly rounded anteromedial notch. Maxillary palps long, longer than width of head immediately posterior to eyes.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Ground punctation of pronotum fine. Prosternum moderately tectiform. Mesoventrite with median longitudinal carina, which is elevated into an acute tooth medially (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Lateral view of mesoventrite. A C. bariorum B C. cuspifer. Scale bar: 0.10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411762" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Metafemora densely pubescent with long golden setae in basal four-fifths (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Habitus of Chasmogenus spp. A-C C. flavomarginatus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view. D-F C. bariorum: D dorsal view E lateral view F ventral view. G-I C. castaneus G dorsal view H lateral view I ventral view. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411758" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">3F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Aedeagus.</emphasis>
|
||
Aedeagus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Aedeagi (dorsal view) A C. bariorum holotype (Venezuela: Zulia) B C. occidentalis holotype C C. yukparum holotype D-H C. bariorum D specimen from Zulia E specimen from Aragua F specimen from Falcon G specimen from Guarico H specimen from Trujillo. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411766" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">11A-H</figureCitation>
|
||
) with outer margins of median lobe straight and parallel sided, with apex in the form of an acutely pointed triangle, which distinctly extends beyond the apex of the parameres. Sclerite of the median lobe not expanded. Gonopore situated less than half of one gonopore width below the apex of the median lobe. Parameres symmetrical, with outer margins slightly curved along entire length, appearing weakly convex; apex bifid, with outer and inner lobes subequal in height but with inner lobe usually narrower. Basal piece long, subequal to the length of the parameres.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Venezuela (Aragua,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Falcón">Falcon</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guárico">Guarico</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Lara, Trujillo, Zulia) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Distribution of Chasmogenus spp." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411772" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">17</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Nearly all specimens are associated with the margins or side pools of streams and small rivers in the foothills of various Andean regions of Venezuela up to elevations of ca. 500 m. (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Habitat of Chasmogenus spp in the Andean region of Venezuela. A, B Type locality and habitat for C. bariorum, C. cuspifer, and C. castaneus, near El Tukuko, Rio Manantial collecting event VZ 09 - 0129 - 01 A) C habitat for C. bariorum and C. cuspifer, Henri Pittier National Park, Rio Cumboto (collecting event VZ 09 - 0104 - 02 B) D type locality and habitat for C. flavomarginatus, ca. 13 km NW of Baranitas (collecting event VZ 12 - 0124 - 02 B) E habitat for C. bariorum and C. lineatus, between San Juan and Dos Caminos, Rio San Antonio (collecting event VZ 09 - 0108 - 02 A) F habitat for C. bariorum and C. lineatus, near Arenales, Rio Salado (collecting event VZ 09 - 0122 - 01 X)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411774" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">19A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Habitat of Chasmogenus spp in the Andean region of Venezuela. A, B Type locality and habitat for C. bariorum, C. cuspifer, and C. castaneus, near El Tukuko, Rio Manantial collecting event VZ 09 - 0129 - 01 A) C habitat for C. bariorum and C. cuspifer, Henri Pittier National Park, Rio Cumboto (collecting event VZ 09 - 0104 - 02 B) D type locality and habitat for C. flavomarginatus, ca. 13 km NW of Baranitas (collecting event VZ 12 - 0124 - 02 B) E habitat for C. bariorum and C. lineatus, between San Juan and Dos Caminos, Rio San Antonio (collecting event VZ 09 - 0108 - 02 A) F habitat for C. bariorum and C. lineatus, near Arenales, Rio Salado (collecting event VZ 09 - 0122 - 01 X)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411774" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">19E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Garcia, M" journalOrPublisher="Boletin del Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Universidad del Zulia" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="45 - 58" refId="B3" refString="Garcia, M, 2000. Cuatro Nuevas Especies de Chasmogenus Sharp, 1982 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Hydrophilinae) de Venezuela. Boletin del Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Universidad del Zulia 34: 45 - 58" title="Cuatro Nuevas Especies de Chasmogenus Sharp, 1982 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Hydrophilinae) de Venezuela." volume="34" year="2000">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described three species from the Rio Manantial, a small forested stream near Tokuko in the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Serranía">Serrania</normalizedToken>
|
||
de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Perijá">Perija</normalizedToken>
|
||
in northwestern Venezuela. We compared the holotypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. bariorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="bariorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. bariorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. occidentalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. yukparum" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="yukparum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. yukparum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and determined they are conspecific. Because all three were described in the same publication, we here select
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. bariorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="bariorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. bariorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the valid name based on the principal of first reviser.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
The shape of the mesoventral tooth was used as a primary character to separate these three species but after examining specimens from a variety of localities we found this character to be variable. The presence of only a single species despite the variability of this feature is also supported by genetic data (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of Chasmogenus spp. based on COI sequences. Ultra Fast Bootstrap (UFBS) values are indicated at nodes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/411756" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">1</figureCitation>
|
||
). In his species descriptions,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Garcia, M" journalOrPublisher="Boletin del Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Universidad del Zulia" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="45 - 58" refId="B3" refString="Garcia, M, 2000. Cuatro Nuevas Especies de Chasmogenus Sharp, 1982 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Hydrophilinae) de Venezuela. Boletin del Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Universidad del Zulia 34: 45 - 58" title="Cuatro Nuevas Especies de Chasmogenus Sharp, 1982 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Hydrophilinae) de Venezuela." volume="34" year="2000">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
further differentiates
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. yukparum" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="yukparum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. yukparum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. bariorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="bariorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. bariorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. occidentalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by indicating that the former has asymmetrical mandibles, while the latter two exhibit symmetrical mandibles; however, in the identification key this character is reversed, with the mandibles of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. occidentalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being described as asymmetrical while those of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. yukparum" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="yukparum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. yukparum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are symmetrical. Regardless, we examined the mandibles in the three holotypes and found no substantial difference in mandibular symmetry; all three types have bifid mandibles with minor variation in the size of the teeth, as with many of the other specimens we examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
There appears to be some confusion with regard to the genitalia slides associated with the holotypes. In
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Garcia, M" journalOrPublisher="Boletin del Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Universidad del Zulia" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="45 - 58" refId="B3" refString="Garcia, M, 2000. Cuatro Nuevas Especies de Chasmogenus Sharp, 1982 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Hydrophilinae) de Venezuela. Boletin del Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Universidad del Zulia 34: 45 - 58" title="Cuatro Nuevas Especies de Chasmogenus Sharp, 1982 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Hydrophilinae) de Venezuela." volume="34" year="2000">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the caption of fig. 3 indicates all illustrated genitalia are of the holotypes. However, this is not possible as some of the labeled holotypes are undissected males. Because
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. yukparum" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="yukparum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. yukparum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from a single male and its abdomen is partially missing, we presume the genitalia slide associated with the holotype is in fact the holotype. However, we are uncertain of which exact specimens should be associated with the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“type”">"type"</normalizedToken>
|
||
genitalia slides of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. bariorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="bariorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. bariorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. occidentalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Regardless, this uncertain association does not impact any of our conclusions regarding their synonymy: it is clear that all three genitalia slides represent a single species (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. bariorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="bariorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C. bariorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and that all three male holotype specimens represent the same conspecific species as those on the slides.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |