127 lines
17 KiB
XML
127 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="868B4288BD9FB4C6C0AAA002551763F9" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2013.768912" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5197781" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628882707852" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Alvarado, M. & Rodriguez-Berrio, A." docDate="2013" docId="76018791FFE5D6232EB7FC4AFB06FD8F" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.47.37-38.2479-2492.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 47 (37 - 38)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.768912" docStyle="DocumentStyle:210803DF447D5DCB84349979EDD3507F.6:JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="210803DF447D5DCB84349979EDD3507F" docStyleName="JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Synosis Townes 1959" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="2481" masterDocId="8A38FFE9FFE6D6272F67FF9CFF8AFFD1" masterDocTitle="Four new species of the genus Synosis Townes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from the eastern Andes of Peru and key for the New World species" masterLastPageNumber="2492" masterPageNumber="2479" pageNumber="2480" updateTime="1699054500166" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
|
<mods:mods id="2DB0B1674FB94FD13DC60D0D174C0CBD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="DFC7E3F47ECDFEBE80D5D64481014C64">
|
|
<mods:title id="30C5343CE2A12E91CA4B7D192F2BDD33">Four new species of the genus Synosis Townes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from the eastern Andes of Peru and key for the New World species</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="4CDE16F839B746248699BF85242D7257" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="1CEE23697F6B5667077C1413C44562AA">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="AFA88F45A8769CCA5D22F368794A4527">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="12826E0D10EDEDE4E0DCB0A36062A433">Alvarado, M.</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="5CC5E944301A0E9ECE40AC3C41C3A13A">Division of Entomology, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; & Departamento de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú;</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="EE28154597C0BA893ADEBF38579A5E4A" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="C9DCFCCB9DB4961ED7FFD6E716AE479F">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="8609FB524FD294012D11DB7B4069E351">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="7F0284F37BB7649C64A6262A0343A1A0">Rodriguez-Berrio, A.</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="DCBE0860A4D25FA0593DFDAFD3D34480">Departamento Académico de Entomología, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="8063AE16BCA9F73D4A2ECA55F5EED964">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="1EE755F9526C2D298474F4ED62A1EC6D" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="A5145AEDB82BB1C1562FAE4FD4F29088">
|
|
<mods:title id="807E52154D584DD8D7182F484CAB1406">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="902231D6B753F80E6B405B1443A1BDC8">
|
|
<mods:date id="4EDA0ACC52407EAE68D410D2273BBB18">2013</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="40CAC33A8D5BFF7EF4C6E28665277AA4" type="series">
|
|
<mods:title id="CC6A13B8377C7EFEFD885A8C7F840D5A">J. Nat. Hist.</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="6EF05A1DF9A2D0F2364272B029EDCA0A" type="pubDate">
|
|
<mods:number id="AB1DB5ED5E97AC47182E6230662B5CFD">2013-07-04</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="28C447C8D00834A63B057266F487A10A" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="3A865B9DE2B87C48C8A91BE630E61BB8">47</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="669CBBA4249380D26B664847A343BA85" type="issue">
|
|
<mods:number id="9EAD685E60D1EE60D99536DD1F2A7B60">37 - 38</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="8A02782AF77183FF0C612D294B3EFEE7" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="A49CEF1576AD4D2D4301CDC1CEF69F03">2479</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="FCF9F6081E4904332EAFAAE5321888E4">2492</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location id="0996F68055C7D96F07206C1FAEA88584">
|
|
<mods:url id="666EC65A67E68BD2D252A88AD3399032">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.768912</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification id="4A0B3D6F07003734DDEF69A8D8F016BE">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="28E84511372A7D48439624EDFDA2C354" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2013.768912</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="4D3CAF953C21B64254CFDC5307CCFC26" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="2064EC7D1267A67EF68000A85761D95C" type="Zenodo-Dep">5197781</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="8290FC01CC32CEC74712A26E8BA32DFA" type="ZooBank">8E5FA67F-F80A-4D78-8E5E-7CC8D6662396</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="76018791FFE5D6232EB7FC4AFB06FD8F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5197632" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5197632" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:76018791FFE5D6232EB7FC4AFB06FD8F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/76018791FFE5D6232EB7FC4AFB06FD8F" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="2481" pageId="3" pageNumber="2480">
|
|
<subSubSection id="B6B2650CFFE5D6242EB7FC4AFC85FC3F" box="[464,783,982,1006]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2480" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="FE173687FFE5D6242EB7FC4AFC85FC3F" blockId="3.[464,783,982,1006]" box="[464,783,982,1006]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2480">
|
|
<heading id="A55F81EBFFE5D6242EB7FC4AFC85FC3F" box="[464,783,982,1006]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="2480" reason="2">
|
|
Genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39A84D04FFE5D6242D79FC4AFC85FC3F" ID-CoL="7RD5" ID-ENA="1031669" authority="Townes, 1959" authorityName="Townes" authorityYear="1959" box="[542,783,982,1006]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Synosis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCDCEA95FFE5D6242D79FC4AFDF8FC3F" bold="true" box="[542,626,982,1006]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2480">Synosis</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9A394B76FFE5D6242D1EFC4BFC85FC3F" author="Townes HK & Townes M" box="[633,783,982,1006]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2480" pagination="1 - 318" refId="ref5201" refString="Townes HK, Townes M. 1959. Ichneumon-flies of America north of Mexico: 1. Subfamily Metopiinae. United States National Museum Bulletin 216: i - ix, 1 - 318." type="journal article" year="1959">Townes, 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="B6B2650CFFE5D6232FE8FBB0FB06FD8F" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="2481" pageId="3" pageNumber="2480" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph id="FE173687FFE5D6242FE8FBB0FF71FB92" blockId="3.[143,1104,1068,1704]" box="[143,251,1068,1091]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2480">
|
|
<heading id="A55F81EBFFE5D6242FE8FBB0FF71FB92" box="[143,251,1068,1091]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="2480" reason="5">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCDCEA95FFE5D6242FE8FBB0FF71FB92" box="[143,251,1068,1091]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2480">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FE173687FFE5D6242FE8FBCFFCA0F9B9" blockId="3.[143,1104,1068,1704]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2480">
|
|
Face and clypeus forming a rather uniformly convex surface, without groove separating the clypeus from face; frons lacking an inter-antennal lamella and face lacking a transverse ridge before antennae; labrum not conspicuously exposed when mandibles are closed; mandible narrow with lower tooth shorter than upper tooth; fore wing with 3rs-m absent notauli distinct to about half the length of the mesoscutum, mesoscutum punctate; propodeum with distinctive pattern of anteriorly converging lateromedian longitudinal carinae, converting to a narrow carina or area of convergence as broad or broader than thickness of the carinae combined; anterior transverse carinae present (
|
|
<figureCitation id="66932A02FFE5D6242FFFFACDFEBAFAB8" box="[152,304,1361,1385]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[143,210,1478,1500]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,162,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[144,1104,162,1441]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Details of Synosis species, (A) dorsal view of propodeum and tergite I of Synosis rubinus sp. n.; (B) dorsal view of propodeum and tergite I of S. gauldi sp. n., holotype female; (C) dorsal view of propodeum and tergite I of S. clepsydra paratype female; (D) dorsal view of propodeum of S. clepsydra holotype female; (E) dorsal view of propodeum of S. ugaldei, modified of Gauld & Sithole (2002); (F) dorsal view of propodeum S. cosnipatensis sp. n., holotype female; (G) dorsal view of propodeum S. townesi sp. n., holotype female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5197793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5197793/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="2480">Figure 6A, D</figureCitation>
|
|
) or absent, sometimes replaced by grooves; posterior transverse carina complete and strong, except in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39A84D04FFE5D6242D6AFAEEFD36FA5B" authorityName="Gauld and Sithole" authorityYear="2002" box="[525,700,1394,1418]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Synosis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ugaldei">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCDCEA95FFE5D6242D6AFAEEFD36FA5B" box="[525,700,1394,1418]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2480">Synosis ugaldei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
; lateromedian longitudinal carina absent or weak (in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39A84D04FFE5D6242E0BFA0EFD93FA7B" authority="Alvarado & Rodriguez-Berrio, 2013" authorityName="Alvarado & Rodriguez-Berrio" authorityYear="2013" box="[364,537,1426,1450]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Synosis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubinus" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCDCEA95FFE5D6242E0BFA0EFD93FA7B" box="[364,537,1426,1450]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2480">Synosis rubinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D7EF57EEFFE5D6242D45FA0EFDF3FA78" box="[546,633,1425,1449]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2480" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
) (
|
|
<figureCitation id="66932A02FFE5D6242DF5FA0DFC8DFA78" box="[658,775,1425,1449]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[143,210,1478,1500]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,162,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[144,1104,162,1441]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Details of Synosis species, (A) dorsal view of propodeum and tergite I of Synosis rubinus sp. n.; (B) dorsal view of propodeum and tergite I of S. gauldi sp. n., holotype female; (C) dorsal view of propodeum and tergite I of S. clepsydra paratype female; (D) dorsal view of propodeum of S. clepsydra holotype female; (E) dorsal view of propodeum of S. ugaldei, modified of Gauld & Sithole (2002); (F) dorsal view of propodeum S. cosnipatensis sp. n., holotype female; (G) dorsal view of propodeum S. townesi sp. n., holotype female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5197793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5197793/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="2480">Figure 6A</figureCitation>
|
|
) behind posterior transverse carina; propodeal spiracle small and oval; metasoma punctate; first metasomal tergite with median carinae strong to at least posterior third of tergite; body rather evenly covered in setae; mid tibia with outer (anterior) spur slightly to conspicuously longer than the inner (posterior) one, hence the reverse of the situation for the hind tibia, which has the outer spur shorter (the opposite to most metopiine genera, except
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39A84D04FFE5D6242CD0F9AEFBB5F998" authorityName="Gauld & Sithole" authorityYear="2002" box="[951,1087,1586,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Forrestopius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCDCEA95FFE5D6242CD0F9AEFBB5F998" box="[951,1087,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2480">Forrestopius</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
). Ovipositor short, not projecting beyond apex of metasoma.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FE173687FFE5D6232FDDF9EDFEA4FE2F" blockId="3.[143,1104,1068,1704]" lastBlockId="4.[211,1172,167,606]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="2481" pageId="3" pageNumber="2480">
|
|
The monophyly of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39A84D04FFE5D6242EFFF9EDFE66F959" box="[408,492,1649,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Synosis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCDCEA95FFE5D6242EFFF9EDFE66F959" box="[408,492,1649,1672]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2480">Synosis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is supported by the unique modified propodeal carinae, which enclose separate triangular areae superomedia and basalis (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9A394B76FFE5D6232CB6F90CFEEBFF6E" author="Gauld ID & Sithole R" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="2481" pageId="3" pageNumber="2480" pagination="11 - 262" refId="ref5098" refString="Gauld ID, Sithole R. 2002. Subfamily Metopiinae. In: Gauld ID, Godoy C, Ugalde Gomez JA. The Ichneumonidae of Costa Rica 4 (Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 66). Gainsville (FL): American Entomological Institute, p. 11 - 262." type="book chapter" year="2002">Gauld and Sithole 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), a feature also mentioned by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9A394B76FFE2D6232DAFFF34FCE7FF6E" author="Townes HK" box="[712,877,167,191]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2481" pagination="1 - 372" refId="ref5177" refString="Townes HK. 1971. The genera of Ichneumonidae, Part IV. Memoirs Am Entomol Inst. 17: 1 - 372." type="journal article" year="1971">Townes (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9A394B76FFE2D6232CCBFF34FE91FF0E" author="Townes HK & Townes M" pageId="4" pageNumber="2481" pagination="1 - 318" refId="ref5201" refString="Townes HK, Townes M. 1959. Ichneumon-flies of America north of Mexico: 1. Subfamily Metopiinae. United States National Museum Bulletin 216: i - ix, 1 - 318." type="journal article" year="1959">Townes and Townes (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9A394B76FFE2D6232E4DFF5BFDB2FF0E" author="Broad GR & Shaw MR" box="[298,568,199,223]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2481" pagination="2389 - 2407" refId="ref5054" refString="Broad GR, Shaw MR. 2005. The species of four genera of Metopiinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in Britain, with new host records and descriptions of four new species. J Nat Hist. 39: 2389 - 2407." type="journal article" year="2005">Broad and Shaw (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
noticed that in British species lateromedian longitudinal carinae of the propodeum converge anteriorly to a narrow carina or the area of convergence as broad or broader than the thickness of the carinae combined and the anterior transverse carinae are either present or absent, similar characteristics and variations were found in some of the Peruvian specimens. Another feature only found in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39A84D04FFE2D6232E5BFEFBFE1AFEAF" box="[316,400,359,382]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Synosis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="2481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCDCEA95FFE2D6232E5BFEFBFE1AFEAF" box="[316,400,359,382]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2481">Synosis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a band of setae along the upper margin of the metapleuron, elsewhere it is bare, the band is not well developed in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39A84D04FFE2D6232C7EFE1BFE85FE6F" authority="Broad and Shaw" authorityName="Broad and Shaw" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Synosis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="2481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parenthesellae">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCDCEA95FFE2D6232C7EFE1BFB9BFE4E" box="[793,1041,391,415]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2481">Synosis parenthesellae</emphasis>
|
|
Broad and Shaw
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Broad, personal communication). The pattern of setosity on the metapleuron varies considerably in other metopiine genera but is never of the form found in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39A84D04FFE2D6232FB4FE7BFEADFE2F" box="[211,295,487,510]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Synosis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="2481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCDCEA95FFE2D6232FB4FE7BFEADFE2F" box="[211,295,487,510]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2481">Synosis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FE173687FFE2D6232F99FD9BFB06FD8F" blockId="4.[211,1172,167,606]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2481">
|
|
In addition, according to
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9A394B76FFE2D6232D79FD9BFD4AFDCF" author="Townes HK" box="[542,704,518,542]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2481" pagination="1 - 372" refId="ref5177" refString="Townes HK. 1971. The genera of Ichneumonidae, Part IV. Memoirs Am Entomol Inst. 17: 1 - 372." type="journal article" year="1971">Townes (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
species of the genus have the epipleura of the first two metasomal tergites vestigial and that of the third and following terga wide. However, in some Peruvian specimens the epipleura of all tergites are well developed.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |