278 lines
42 KiB
XML
278 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document id="B0A7EBCC221ECD3E69A0ED5E098A8BF5" ID-CLB-Dataset="53647" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5124.3.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d149b4f5-bb0a-4f2a-887a-d005b62b9895" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6414635" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1649055248714" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sankaran, Pradeep M. & Joseph, Mathew M." docDate="2022" docId="03C44650FF9CFFA357C6FE64FB56FEF8" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5124.3.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5124 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cryptothele collina Pocock 1901" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="399" masterDocId="FFFD3E28FF9CFFA05751F949FFA6FFB8" masterDocTitle="On the identity of Cryptothele collina Pocock, 1901, and comment on the preepigyne and pre-vulva in Cryptothele L. Koch, 1872 (Araneae, Zodariidae Cryptothelinae)" masterLastPageNumber="400" masterPageNumber="397" pageNumber="397" updateTime="1699319284918" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="55C86AE8B21C6D0072643D4400C78297">On the identity of Cryptothele collina Pocock, 1901, and comment on the preepigyne and pre-vulva in Cryptothele L. Koch, 1872 (Araneae, Zodariidae Cryptothelinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E44C4E7957500D005BBE1C5CEFCA877E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="528E576DB971B7B3B74A2D0AA412565F">Sankaran, Pradeep M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="52BFE70753D32ECC27A9F60359E67488">Division of Arachnology, Department of Zoology, Sacred Heart College, Thevara, Cochin, Kerala 682 013, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="97209380064032A448BE5B819F056C00">Joseph, Mathew M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D25C16BF94742CA607CB3A1C3973E5A0">Division of Arachnology, Department of Zoology, Sacred Heart College, Thevara, Cochin, Kerala 682 013, India. & mathewmj @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6432 - 9660</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E7157BC4BB620D19B62C91E0C64E1615" type="email">mathewmj@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="A918963C536B2A615E65CA5B72A8DBD1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1140664F2B5D911812A451B32DEAFE42">
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<mods:date id="E3ED1A657D76644234E183D5858D6077">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6525C764732A3590BB2C84AE3FF1C214">2022-04-04</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8F7675B575FAF76E03023CBF6E561605">5124</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C377A4CDFF9CFFA057C6FE64FD8EF8FF" box="[151,552,1837,1864]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD2F746FF9CFFA057C6FE64FD8EF8FF" blockId="0.[151,1437,1837,2038]" box="[151,552,1837,1864]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">
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<heading id="D09A402AFF9CFFA057C6FE64FD8EF8FF" bold="true" box="[151,552,1837,1864]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D8CC5FF9CFFA057C6FE64FD8EF8FF" authority="Pocock, 1901" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,552,1837,1864]" class="Lichinomycetes" family="Lichinaceae" genus="Cryptothele" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lichinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="collina">
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<emphasis id="B9192B54FF9CFFA057C6FE64FD8EF8FF" bold="true" box="[151,552,1837,1864]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">
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<emphasis id="B9192B54FF9CFFA057C6FE64FED8F8F0" bold="true" box="[151,382,1837,1864]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Cryptothele collina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8AB7FF9CFFA056D4FE64FD8EF8FF" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[389,552,1837,1863]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" pagination="478 - 498" refId="ref1884" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1901) Descriptions of some new species of spiders from British India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 13, 478 - 498." type="journal article" year="1901">Pocock, 1901</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C377A4CDFF9CFFA057C6FE1AFF73F8D3" box="[151,213,1875,1899]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD2F746FF9CFFA057C6FE1AFF73F8D3" blockId="0.[151,1437,1837,2038]" box="[151,213,1875,1899]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">
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<figureCitation id="1356EBC3FF9CFFA057C6FE1AFF73F8D3" box="[151,213,1875,1899]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1685,1709]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,198,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-17@1.[151,1436,181,1661]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cryptothele collina Pocock, 1901, holotype female. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view. D. Original labels in the holotype vial. Figures provided without scales. © NHM, London." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6414637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6414637/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD2F746FF9CFFA057C6FE3BFC98F832" blockId="0.[151,1437,1837,2038]" box="[151,830,1906,1930]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACCD157FF9CFFA057C6FE3BFDB9F832" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[151,543,1906,1930]" page="498" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" year="1901">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D8CC5FF9CFFA057C6FE3BFDB9F832" authority="Pocock, 1901: 498" authorityName="Pocock" authorityPageNumber="498" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,543,1906,1930]" class="Lichinomycetes" family="Lichinaceae" genus="Cryptothele" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lichinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="collina">
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<emphasis id="B9192B54FF9CFFA057C6FE3BFEFDF832" box="[151,347,1906,1930]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Cryptothele collina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8AB7FF9CFFA05633FE3BFDB9F832" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[354,543,1906,1930]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" pagination="478 - 498" refId="ref1884" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1901) Descriptions of some new species of spiders from British India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 13, 478 - 498." type="journal article" year="1901">Pocock, 1901: 498</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(sex or stage not specified).
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B9192B54FF9CFFA05796FEDFFECAF815" bold="true" box="[199,364,1941,1966]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" reason="1">Type material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B05FD1BFF9CFFA05620FEDFFE21F84E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3746721301" collectionCode="NHM" collectorName="G. F. Hampson" country="India" county="Nilgiris" elevation="2251" latitude="11.4" location="Udhagamandalam" longLatPrecision="1295" longitude="76.683334" municipality="Ooty" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54D649E4FF9CFFA05620FEDFFE72F816" box="[369,468,1942,1966]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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(damaged) from
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<collectingCountry id="F37AB7D6FF9CFFA055F5FEDCFD51F815" box="[676,759,1941,1965]" name="India" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">INDIA</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="49A939A4FF9CFFA05450FEDCFC24F815" box="[769,898,1941,1965]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCounty id="62B38FCAFF9CFFA054C1FEDFFC40F816" box="[912,998,1942,1966]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Nilgiris</collectingCounty>
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:
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BB66D3CFF9CFFA054BEFEDFFB85F816" box="[1007,1059,1942,1966]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">Ooty</collectingMunicipality>
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/
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<location id="8EB2A19DFF9CFFA0537AFEDFFB4BF816" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C44650FF9CFFA357C6FE64FB56FEF8:8EB2A19DFF9CFFA0537AFEDFFB4BF816" box="[1067,1261,1942,1966]" country="India" county="Nilgiris" latitude="11.4" longLatPrecision="1295" longitude="76.683334" municipality="Ooty" name="Udhagamandalam" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">Udhagamandalam</location>
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(=Ootacamund) (
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,
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;
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</quantity>
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alt.), date unknown,
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<collectorName id="26989290FF9CFFA055FAFEF3FCEEF869" box="[683,840,1978,2002]" pageId="0" pageNumber="397">G.F. Hampson</collectorName>
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leg., repository
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<collectionCode id="ED7C6F83FF9CFFA054ACFEF3FB9DF869" box="[1021,1083,1978,2001]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14908" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14908" name="University of Nottingham" pageId="0" pageNumber="397" type="Herbarium">NHM</collectionCode>
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(no register number), examined based on photographs.
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</materialsCitation>
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<caption id="DF12A7CEFF9DFFA157C6FFDCFB15F969" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6414637" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6414637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6414637/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="398" startId="1.[151,250,1685,1709]" targetBox="[154,1432,198,1661]" targetPageId="1">
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<paragraph id="8BD2F746FF9DFFA157C6FFDCFB15F969" blockId="1.[151,1436,1685,1747]" pageId="1" pageNumber="398">
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<emphasis id="B9192B54FF9DFFA157C6FFDCFEB2F915" bold="true" box="[151,276,1685,1709]" pageId="1" pageNumber="398">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D8CC5FF9DFFA1564AFFDCFDD3F915" authority="Pocock, 1901" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[283,629,1685,1709]" class="Lichinomycetes" family="Lichinaceae" genus="Cryptothele" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lichinales" pageId="1" pageNumber="398" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="collina">
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<emphasis id="B9192B54FF9DFFA1564AFFDCFE46F915" box="[283,480,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="398">Cryptothele collina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8AB7FF9DFFA156B9FFDCFDD3F915" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[488,629,1685,1709]" pageId="1" pageNumber="398" pagination="478 - 498" refId="ref1884" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1901) Descriptions of some new species of spiders from British India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 13, 478 - 498." type="journal article" year="1901">Pocock, 1901</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, holotype female. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view. D. Original labels in the holotype vial. Figures provided without scales. © NHM, London.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C377A4CDFF9DFFA15796FE48FD54F83D" pageId="1" pageNumber="398" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD2F746FF9DFFA15796FE48FD54F83D" blockId="1.[151,1437,1793,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="398">
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<emphasis id="B9192B54FF9DFFA15796FE48FE9AF8A1" bold="true" box="[199,316,1793,1817]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="398" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Females of
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8CC5FF9DFFA15698FE48FD90F8A1" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[457,566,1793,1817]" class="Lichinomycetes" family="Lichinaceae" genus="Cryptothele" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lichinales" pageId="1" pageNumber="398" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="collina">
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||
<emphasis id="B9192B54FF9DFFA15698FE48FE7DF8A0" box="[457,475,1793,1816]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="398">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
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||
<emphasis id="B9192B54FF9DFFA156BDFE48FD90F8A1" box="[492,566,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="398">collina</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
are closely related to the females of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D8CC5FF9DFFA1548BFE48FAF7F8A1" authority="Simon, 1893" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[986,1361,1793,1817]" class="Lichinomycetes" family="Lichinaceae" genus="Cryptothele" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lichinales" pageId="1" pageNumber="398" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="alluaudi">
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<emphasis id="B9192B54FF9DFFA1548BFE48FB1DF8A1" box="[986,1211,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="398">Cryptothele alluaudi</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8AB7FF9DFFA15394FE48FAF7F8A1" author="Simon, E." box="[1221,1361,1793,1817]" pageId="1" pageNumber="398" pagination="204 - 211" refId="ref1992" refString="Simon, E. (1893) Arachnides. In: Mission scientifique de M. Ch. Alluaud aux iles Seychelles (mars, avril, mai 1892). Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 18, 204 - 211." type="journal article" year="1893">Simon, 1893</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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as the epigyne of both share broad, paired lateral plates and narrow median septum. However, it can be separated from the latter by anterior epigynal hood (vz. absent in
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D8CC5FF9DFFA15509FE00FD74F8D9" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[600,722,1865,1889]" class="Lichinomycetes" family="Lichinaceae" genus="Cryptothele" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lichinales" pageId="1" pageNumber="398" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="alluaudi">
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<emphasis id="B9192B54FF9DFFA15509FE00FDCCF8D8" box="[600,618,1865,1888]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="398">C</emphasis>
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||
.
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||
<emphasis id="B9192B54FF9DFFA15528FE00FD74F8D9" box="[633,722,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="398">alluaudi</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and epigyne without lateral pockets (vz. present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8CC5FF9DFFA15248FE00FA35F8D9" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[1305,1427,1865,1889]" class="Lichinomycetes" family="Lichinaceae" genus="Cryptothele" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lichinales" pageId="1" pageNumber="398" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="alluaudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192B54FF9DFFA15248FE00FA8DF8D8" box="[1305,1323,1865,1888]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="398">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192B54FF9DFFA1526BFE00FA35F8D9" box="[1338,1427,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="398">alluaudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EBC3FF9DFFA15652FE24FEF4F83D" box="[259,338,1901,1925]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1685,1709]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,198,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-17@1.[151,1436,181,1661]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cryptothele collina Pocock, 1901, holotype female. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view. D. Original labels in the holotype vial. Figures provided without scales. © NHM, London." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6414637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6414637/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="398">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8AB7FF9DFFA156DEFE24FD06F83D" author="Marusik, Y. M. & Omelko, M. M." box="[399,672,1901,1925]" pageId="1" pageNumber="398" pagination="183 - 186" refId="ref1705" refString="Marusik, Y. M. & Omelko, M. M. (2012) Redescription of Cryptothele alluaudi Simon, 1893 (Aranei: Cryptothelidae). Arthropoda Selecta, 21, 183 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 21.2.06" type="journal article" year="2012">Marusik & Omelko 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C377A4CDFF9DFFA25796FED8FB99FE3F" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="399" pageId="1" pageNumber="398" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2F746FF9DFFA25796FED8FAC3FF4F" blockId="1.[151,1437,1793,2033]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,392]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="399" pageId="1" pageNumber="398">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192B54FF9DFFA15796FED8FECBF811" bold="true" box="[199,365,1937,1961]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="398" reason="1">Redescription.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192B54FF9DFFA15622FED8FE65F811" box="[371,451,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="398">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D649E4FF9DFFA15680FED8FD95F811" box="[465,563,1937,1961]" pageId="1" pageNumber="398" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EBC3FF9DFFA1556CFED8FD08F811" box="[573,686,1937,1961]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1685,1709]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,198,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-17@1.[151,1436,181,1661]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cryptothele collina Pocock, 1901, holotype female. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view. D. Original labels in the holotype vial. Figures provided without scales. © NHM, London." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6414637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6414637/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="398">Fig. 1A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
) in alcohol (after
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8AB7FF9DFFA1543FFED8FC5BF811" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[878,1021,1937,1961]" pageId="1" pageNumber="398" pagination="478 - 498" refId="ref1884" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1901) Descriptions of some new species of spiders from British India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 13, 478 - 498." type="journal article" year="1901">Pocock 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): overall body with thick cover of mud and soil particles, except for mouth parts and epigyne (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EBC3FF9DFFA155A5FEFCFCCDF875" box="[756,875,1973,1997]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1685,1709]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,198,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-17@1.[151,1436,181,1661]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cryptothele collina Pocock, 1901, holotype female. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view. D. Original labels in the holotype vial. Figures provided without scales. © NHM, London." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6414637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6414637/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="398">Fig. 1A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prosoma high, with abruptly sloped thoracic part. Cephalic part with distinct, transversely oval pit behind PER. Thoracic part with sinuous margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EBC3FF9DFFA153CFFE90FB54F849" box="[1182,1266,2009,2033]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1685,1709]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,198,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-17@1.[151,1436,181,1661]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cryptothele collina Pocock, 1901, holotype female. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view. D. Original labels in the holotype vial. Figures provided without scales. © NHM, London." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6414637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6414637/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="398">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
). AMEs largest. Labium unfused with sternum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EBC3FF9EFFA256BEF9DEFDE5FF08" box="[495,579,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1685,1709]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,198,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-17@1.[151,1436,181,1661]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cryptothele collina Pocock, 1901, holotype female. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view. D. Original labels in the holotype vial. Figures provided without scales. © NHM, London." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6414637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6414637/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sternum oval, with anterior concavity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EBC3FF9EFFA25356F9DEFBFDFF08" box="[1031,1115,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1685,1709]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,198,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-17@1.[151,1436,181,1661]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cryptothele collina Pocock, 1901, holotype female. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view. D. Original labels in the holotype vial. Figures provided without scales. © NHM, London." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6414637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6414637/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Opisthosoma globular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EBC3FF9EFFA25220F9DEFF1CFF6C" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1685,1709]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,198,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-17@1.[151,1436,181,1661]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cryptothele collina Pocock, 1901, holotype female. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view. D. Original labels in the holotype vial. Figures provided without scales. © NHM, London." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6414637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6414637/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body length 10.00. Carapace 4.50 long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192B54FF9EFFA2552FF9F5FD73FF6B" box="[638,725,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Epigyne</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EBC3FF9EFFA255B5F9F2FC91FF6C" box="[740,823,187,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1685,1709]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,198,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-17@1.[151,1436,181,1661]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cryptothele collina Pocock, 1901, holotype female. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view. D. Original labels in the holotype vial. Figures provided without scales. © NHM, London." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6414637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6414637/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
): sclerotized, with anterior hood and broad, paired lateral plates having posterolateral horny lobes, with narrow heart-shaped median septum. Copulatory openings indistinct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2F746FF9EFFA25796F84AFEDAFEA3" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,392]" box="[199,380,259,283]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192B54FF9EFFA25796F84AFF58FEA3" box="[199,254,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Male</emphasis>
|
||
. Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2F746FF9EFFA25796F861FB99FE3F" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192B54FF9EFFA25796F861FEA5FEF8" bold="true" box="[199,259,296,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Note.</emphasis>
|
||
The NHM collection has a single female specimen (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D649E4FF9EFFA25469F86EFC3FFE87" box="[824,921,295,319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) and the original description of this species was based on it (J. Beccaloni, pers. comm.) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EBC3FF9EFFA2556FF802FDDAFEDC" box="[574,636,331,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1685,1709]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,198,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-17@1.[151,1436,181,1661]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cryptothele collina Pocock, 1901, holotype female. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view. D. Original labels in the holotype vial. Figures provided without scales. © NHM, London." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6414637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6414637/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). It lost its legs, except for the femur and patella of anterior right leg II (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EBC3FF9EFFA25220F802FF7DFE30" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1685,1709]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,198,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-17@1.[151,1436,181,1661]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cryptothele collina Pocock, 1901, holotype female. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view. D. Original labels in the holotype vial. Figures provided without scales. © NHM, London." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6414637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6414637/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Fig. 1A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Details of vulva are unknown as we were not allowed to dissect and examine it.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF12A7CEFF9EFFA257C6FF07FF60F96A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6414639" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6414639" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6414639/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" startId="2.[151,250,1614,1638]" targetBox="[152,1436,416,1591]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2F746FF9EFFA257C6FF07FF60F96A" blockId="2.[151,1437,1614,1746]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192B54FF9EFFA257C6FF07FEB3F9DE" bold="true" box="[151,277,1614,1638]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8CC5FF9EFFA2564FFF07FE1BF9DE" box="[286,445,1614,1638]" class="Lichinomycetes" family="Lichinaceae" genus="Cryptothele" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lichinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192B54FF9EFFA2564FFF07FE30F9DE" box="[286,406,1614,1638]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Cryptothele</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, subadult female (ADSH191). A. Habitus with dirt encrusted body, dorsal view; B. Same after removing dirt, dorsal view; C. Same, frontal view; D. Cephalic area showing pit behind PER, dorsal view. E. Pre-epigyne, ventral view. F. Pre-vulva, dorsal view. Arrow indicates pit on cephalic area. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm; C–D, 1 mm; E–F, 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C377A4CDFF9EFFA35796FE4BFB56FEF8" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="400" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2F746FF9EFFA35796FE4BFB56FEF8" blockId="2.[151,1437,1794,2034]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,320]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="400" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192B54FF9EFFA25796FE4BFEEFF8A2" bold="true" box="[199,329,1794,1818]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" reason="1">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
Pre-epigyne and pre-vulva in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8CC5FF9EFFA255C7FE4BFCCBF8A2" box="[662,877,1794,1818]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192B54FF9EFFA255C7FE4BFCB2F8A2" box="[662,788,1794,1818]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Cryptothele</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: pre-epigynes and pre-vulvae are illustrated several times for many spider families (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8AB7FF9EFFA256BEFE6FFDD7F886" author="Bayer, S." box="[495,625,1830,1854]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref1515" refString="Bayer, S. (2011) Revision of the pseudo-orbweavers of the genus Fecenia Simon, 1887 (Araneae, Psechridae), with emphasis on their pre-epigyne. ZooKeys, 153, 1 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 153.2110" type="journal article" year="2011">Bayer 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, up to now, no information regarding pre-epigyne and pre-vulva in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8CC5FF9EFFA257E5FE03FE8EF8DA" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1881" box="[180,296,1866,1890]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Zodariidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are available. Recently the first author had an opportunity to examine a few individuals of a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8CC5FF9EFFA2524FFE03FF42F83E" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192B54FF9EFFA2524FFE03FA3AF8DA" box="[1310,1436,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Cryptothele</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected from the Kottayam district of the southern Indian state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A939A4FF9EFFA254E4FE27FC5AF83E" box="[949,1020,1902,1926]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
(ADSH191) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EBC3FF9EFFA253C2FE27FB73F83E" box="[1171,1237,1902,1926]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1614,1638]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,416,1591]" captionTargetId="figure-141@2.[151,1436,416,1591]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cryptothele sp., subadult female (ADSH191). A. Habitus with dirt encrusted body, dorsal view; B. Same after removing dirt, dorsal view; C. Same, frontal view; D. Cephalic area showing pit behind PER, dorsal view. E. Pre-epigyne, ventral view. F. Pre-vulva, dorsal view. Arrow indicates pit on cephalic area. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm; C–D, 1 mm; E–F, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6414639" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6414639/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). These specimens are subadult females that had developed some faintly sclerotized sculpturing in the genital area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EBC3FF9EFFA253E8FEDBFA8DF812" box="[1209,1323,1938,1962]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1614,1638]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,416,1591]" captionTargetId="figure-141@2.[151,1436,416,1591]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cryptothele sp., subadult female (ADSH191). A. Habitus with dirt encrusted body, dorsal view; B. Same after removing dirt, dorsal view; C. Same, frontal view; D. Cephalic area showing pit behind PER, dorsal view. E. Pre-epigyne, ventral view. F. Pre-vulva, dorsal view. Arrow indicates pit on cephalic area. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm; C–D, 1 mm; E–F, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6414639" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6414639/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Fig. 2E–F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The preepigyne and pre-vulva are clearly apparent in these specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EBC3FF9EFFA25430FEFFFC75F876" box="[865,979,1974,1998]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1614,1638]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,416,1591]" captionTargetId="figure-141@2.[151,1436,416,1591]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cryptothele sp., subadult female (ADSH191). A. Habitus with dirt encrusted body, dorsal view; B. Same after removing dirt, dorsal view; C. Same, frontal view; D. Cephalic area showing pit behind PER, dorsal view. E. Pre-epigyne, ventral view. F. Pre-vulva, dorsal view. Arrow indicates pit on cephalic area. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm; C–D, 1 mm; E–F, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6414639" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6414639/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Fig. 2E–F</figureCitation>
|
||
) and, compared to the epigynes of adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8CC5FF9EFFA257C6FE93FECBF84A" box="[151,365,2010,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192B54FF9EFFA257C6FE93FEB3F84A" box="[151,277,2010,2034]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Cryptothele</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are structurally quite distinct. The pre-epigyne is weakly sclerotized, with a broad median septum and paired lateral circular atria (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EBC3FF9FFFA356A2F9DEFDECFF08" box="[499,586,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1614,1638]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,416,1591]" captionTargetId="figure-141@2.[151,1436,416,1591]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cryptothele sp., subadult female (ADSH191). A. Habitus with dirt encrusted body, dorsal view; B. Same after removing dirt, dorsal view; C. Same, frontal view; D. Cephalic area showing pit behind PER, dorsal view. E. Pre-epigyne, ventral view. F. Pre-vulva, dorsal view. Arrow indicates pit on cephalic area. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm; C–D, 1 mm; E–F, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6414639" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6414639/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="400">Figs 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EBC3FF9FFFA35507F9D1FDDEFF08" box="[598,632,152,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,796,820]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,348,766]" captionTargetId="figure-106@3.[151,1436,344,773]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cryptothele sp., pre-epigyne and pre-vulva of subadult female (ADSH191). A. Pre-epigyne, ventral view. B. Prevulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; CD, copulatory duct; FD, fertilization duct; Se, septum; S, spermatheca. Scale bars: A–B, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6414641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6414641/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="400">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
) (compare with
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EBC3FF9FFFA3547DF9DEFCDBFF08" box="[812,893,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1685,1709]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,198,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-17@1.[151,1436,181,1661]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cryptothele collina Pocock, 1901, holotype female. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view. D. Original labels in the holotype vial. Figures provided without scales. © NHM, London." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6414637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6414637/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="400">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
and also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8AB7FF9FFFA354B6F9DEFBC7FF08" author="Koch, L." box="[999,1121,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="400" pagination="105 - 368" refId="ref1607" refString="Koch, L. (1872) Die Arachniden Australiens, nach der Natur beschrieben und abgebildet [Erster Theil, Lieferung 3 - 7]. Bauer & Raspe, Nurnberg, 105 - 368, pl. 8 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 121660" type="book chapter" year="1872">Koch 1872</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4C955AA3FF9FFFA353C8F9D1FB11FF08" box="[1177,1207,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="400" unit="g" value="2.0">2g</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8AB7FF9FFFA35392F9DEFACAFF17" author="Workman, T." box="[1219,1388,151,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="400" pagination="25 - 104" refId="ref2113" refString="Workman, T. (1896) Malaysian spiders. T. Workman, Belfast, pp. 25 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 101972" type="book chapter" year="1896">Workman 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 77f;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8AB7FF9FFFA35798F9F2FE24FF6C" author="Kulczynski, W." box="[201,386,187,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="400" pagination="451 - 496" refId="ref1664" refString="Kulczynski, W. (1911) Symbola ad faunam Aranearum Javae et Sumatrae cognoscendam. II. Sicariidae, Dysderidae, Drassodidae, Zodariidae. Bulletin International de l'Academie des Sciences de Cracovie, 1911, 451 - 496." type="journal article" year="1911">Kulczyński 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: plate XXI, figs 30–32;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8AB7FF9FFFA355D4F9F2FC31FF6C" author="Marusik, Y. M. & Omelko, M. M." box="[645,919,187,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="400" pagination="183 - 186" refId="ref1705" refString="Marusik, Y. M. & Omelko, M. M. (2012) Redescription of Cryptothele alluaudi Simon, 1893 (Aranei: Cryptothelidae). Arthropoda Selecta, 21, 183 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 21.2.06" type="journal article" year="2012">Marusik & Omelko 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 4). Copulatory openings indistinct as in the case of adult stages. As of yet, the vulva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8CC5FF9FFFA3553BF996FC9AFF4F" box="[618,828,223,247]" pageId="3" pageNumber="400">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192B54FF9FFFA3553BF996FD4EFF4F" box="[618,744,223,247]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="400">Cryptothele</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not illustrated and comparison of pre-vulva illustrated here is not possible. Copulatory ducts of pre-vulva hyaline, moderately long, wide, longitudinally oriented (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EBC3FF9FFFA35240F84AFAC5FEA4" box="[1297,1379,259,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1614,1638]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,416,1591]" captionTargetId="figure-141@2.[151,1436,416,1591]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cryptothele sp., subadult female (ADSH191). A. Habitus with dirt encrusted body, dorsal view; B. Same after removing dirt, dorsal view; C. Same, frontal view; D. Cephalic area showing pit behind PER, dorsal view. E. Pre-epigyne, ventral view. F. Pre-vulva, dorsal view. Arrow indicates pit on cephalic area. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm; C–D, 1 mm; E–F, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6414639" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6414639/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="400">Figs 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EBC3FF9FFFA3523FF84DFA29FEA4" box="[1390,1423,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,796,820]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,348,766]" captionTargetId="figure-106@3.[151,1436,344,773]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cryptothele sp., pre-epigyne and pre-vulva of subadult female (ADSH191). A. Pre-epigyne, ventral view. B. Prevulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; CD, copulatory duct; FD, fertilization duct; Se, septum; S, spermatheca. Scale bars: A–B, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6414641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6414641/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="400">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spermathecae roughly globular, sclerotized (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EBC3FF9FFFA35525F86EFD61FEF8" box="[628,711,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1614,1638]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,416,1591]" captionTargetId="figure-141@2.[151,1436,416,1591]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cryptothele sp., subadult female (ADSH191). A. Habitus with dirt encrusted body, dorsal view; B. Same after removing dirt, dorsal view; C. Same, frontal view; D. Cephalic area showing pit behind PER, dorsal view. E. Pre-epigyne, ventral view. F. Pre-vulva, dorsal view. Arrow indicates pit on cephalic area. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm; C–D, 1 mm; E–F, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6414639" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6414639/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="400">Figs 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EBC3FF9FFFA35580F861FD55FEF8" box="[721,755,296,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,796,820]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,348,766]" captionTargetId="figure-106@3.[151,1436,344,773]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cryptothele sp., pre-epigyne and pre-vulva of subadult female (ADSH191). A. Pre-epigyne, ventral view. B. Prevulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; CD, copulatory duct; FD, fertilization duct; Se, septum; S, spermatheca. Scale bars: A–B, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6414641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6414641/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="400">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fertilisation ducts long, converging (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EBC3FF9FFFA353C1F86EFB45FEF8" box="[1168,1251,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,796,820]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,348,766]" captionTargetId="figure-106@3.[151,1436,344,773]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cryptothele sp., pre-epigyne and pre-vulva of subadult female (ADSH191). A. Pre-epigyne, ventral view. B. Prevulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; CD, copulatory duct; FD, fertilization duct; Se, septum; S, spermatheca. Scale bars: A–B, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6414641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6414641/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="400">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |