332 lines
39 KiB
XML
332 lines
39 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="0A3DE0EF56DC1736EA9D24BFF644698F">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03966A560F61C760BABF8D91B681FDAD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7709285" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449391" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7709285" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F61C760BABF8D91B681FDAD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F61C760BABF8D91B681FDAD" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F61C761BABF8D91B758F971" blockId="10.[151,1437,1698,2013]" box="[151,566,1698,1725]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F61C761BABF8D91B5D4F971" bold="true" box="[151,186,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">41.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F61C761BAE98D90B75FF971" ID-CoL="3QGB7" ID-ENA="662032" authority="Johnston, 1849" authorityName="Johnston" authorityYear="1849" box="[193,561,1698,1725]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canisuga">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F61C761BAE98D90B413F971" bold="true" box="[193,381,1698,1725]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ixodes canisuga</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F61C761BBAC8D91B75FF971" author="Johnston, G." box="[388,561,1699,1725]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="362 - 373" refId="ref212227" refString="Johnston, G. (1849) The acarides of Berwickshire specifically described. History of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, 2, 362 - 373." type="journal article" year="1849">Johnston, 1849</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F61C761B8158D91B7E5F8BD" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F61C761B8158D91B7E5F8BD" blockId="10.[151,1437,1698,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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Palearctic: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F61C761B8FF8D91B642F971" box="[727,812,1699,1725]" name="Austria" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Austria</collectingCountry>
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, 2)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F61C761B97E8D91B6D7F971" box="[854,953,1699,1725]" name="Belgium" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Belgium</collectingCountry>
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, 3)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F61C761B9CC8D91B194F971" box="[996,1274,1699,1725]" name="Bosnia and Herzegovina" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Bosnia and Herzegovina</collectingCountry>
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, 4)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F61C761BF0C8D91B017F971" box="[1316,1401,1699,1725]" name="Croatia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Croatia</collectingCountry>
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, 5)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F61C761BABF8DF5B46CF92D" box="[151,258,1735,1761]" name="Denmark" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Denmark</collectingCountry>
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, 6)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F61C761BB038DF5B414F92D" box="[299,378,1735,1761]" name="France" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">France</collectingCountry>
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, 7)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F61C761BB8A8DF5B765F92D" box="[418,523,1735,1761]" name="Germany" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Germany</collectingCountry>
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, 8)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F61C761B81C8DF5B7A7F92D" box="[564,713,1735,1761]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
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, 9)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F61C761B8DA8DF5B63BF92D" box="[754,853,1735,1761]" name="Hungary" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hungary</collectingCountry>
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, 10)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F61C761B9A38DF5B6B3F92D" box="[907,989,1735,1761]" name="Ireland" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ireland</collectingCountry>
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, 11)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F61C761BE3B8DF5B129F92D" box="[1043,1095,1735,1761]" name="Italy" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Italy</collectingCountry>
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, 12)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F61C761BE558DF5B1A9F92D" box="[1149,1223,1735,1761]" name="Latvia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Latvia</collectingCountry>
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, 13)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F61C761BED68DF5B002F92D" box="[1278,1388,1735,1761]" name="Lithuania" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Lithuania</collectingCountry>
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, 14)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F61C761BABF8DD9B44FF8C9" box="[151,289,1771,1797]" name="Netherlands" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
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, 15)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F61C761BB748DD9B4C3F8C9" box="[348,429,1771,1797]" name="Poland" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Poland</collectingCountry>
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, 16)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F61C761BBC08DD9B724F8C9" box="[488,586,1771,1797]" name="Portugal" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Portugal</collectingCountry>
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, 17)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F61C761B8AC8DD9B782F8C9" box="[644,748,1771,1797]" name="Romania" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Romania</collectingCountry>
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, 18)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F61C761B90F8DD9B61FF8C9" box="[807,881,1771,1797]" name="Serbia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Serbia</collectingCountry>
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||
, 19)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F61C761B9848DD9B17FF8C9" box="[940,1041,1771,1797]" name="Slovenia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
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, 20)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F61C761BE648DD9B1E1F8C9" box="[1100,1167,1771,1797]" name="Spain" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Spain</collectingCountry>
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||
, 21)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F61C761BEE18DD9B04AF8C9" box="[1225,1316,1771,1797]" name="Sweden" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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, 22)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F61C761BF488DD9B587F8E5" name="Switzerland" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F61C761BAD08C3DB4FCF8E5" author="Manilla, G." box="[248,402,1806,1833]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="279 - 295" refId="ref227948" refString="Manilla, G. (1985) Nuove osservazioni faunistiche e biologiche sulle zecche (Acari: Ixodoidea) in Abruzzo ed altre regioni d'Italia (Nota IV). Parassitologia, 27, 279 - 295." type="journal article" year="1985">Manilla 1985</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F61C761BBB58C3DB75FF8E5" author="Martyn, K. P." box="[413,561,1807,1833]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref229022" refString="Martyn, K. P. (1988) Provisional atlas of the ticks (Ixodoidea) of the British Isles. Biological Records Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, UK, 62 pp." type="book" year="1988">Martyn 1988</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F61C761B8138C3DB7C1F8E5" author="Fain, A." box="[571,687,1807,1833]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref193377" refString="Fain, A. (1990) Les tiques de Belgique (Acari: Ixodoidea). Documents de Travail de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, (58), 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1990">Fain 1990</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F61C761B8918C3DB6FCF8E5" author="Jaenson, T. G. T. & Talleklint, L. & Lundqvist, L. & Olsen, B. & Chirico, J. & Mejlon, H." box="[697,914,1807,1833]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="240 - 256" refId="ref211767" refString="Jaenson, T. G. T., Talleklint, L., Lundqvist, L., Olsen, B., Chirico, J. & Mejlon, H. (1994) Geographical distribution, host associations, and vector roles of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae, Argasidae) in Sweden. Journal of Medical Entomology, 31, 240 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 31.2.240" type="journal article" year="1994">
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||
Jaenson
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||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F61C761B9318C3DB63FF8E5" box="[793,849,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
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||
1994
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F61C761B9B48C3DB172F8E5" author="Trilar, T." box="[924,1052,1807,1833]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="213 - 216" refId="ref260135" refString="Trilar, T. (2004) Ticks (Acarina: Ixodidae) on birds in Slovenia. Acrocephalus, 25 (123), 213 - 216." type="journal article" year="2004">Trilar 2004</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F61C761BE0F8C3DB06AF8E5" author="Cringoli, G. & Iori, A. & Rinaldi, L. & Veneziano, V. & Genchi, C." box="[1063,1284,1806,1833]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 263" refId="ref185591" refString="Cringoli, G., Iori, A., Rinaldi, L., Veneziano, V. & Genchi, C. (2005) Zecche. Mappe Parassitologiche, 5, 1 - 263." type="journal article" year="2005">
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Cringoli
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F61C761BEA38C3DB1ADF8E5" box="[1163,1219,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
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2005
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F61C761BF278C3DB47AF881" author="Santos-Silva, M. M. & Beati, L. & Santos, A. S. & Sousa de, R. & Nuncio, M. S. & Melo, P. & Santos-Reis, M. & Fonseca, C. & Formosinho, P. & Vilela, C. & Bacellar, F." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="85 - 121" refId="ref251555" refString="Santos-Silva, M. M., Beati, L., Santos, A. S., Sousa de, R., Nuncio, M. S., Melo, P., Santos-Reis, M., Fonseca, C., Formosinho, P., Vilela, C. & Bacellar, F. (2011) The hard-tick fauna of mainland Portugal (Acari: Ixodidae): an update on geographical distribution and known associations with hosts and pathogens. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 55, 85 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 011 - 9440 - x" type="journal article" year="2011">
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Santos-Silva
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F61C761BABF8C01B5BFF881" box="[151,209,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
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2011
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F61C761BB088C01B49DF881" author="Petney, T. N. & Pfaffle, M. & Skuballa, J." box="[288,499,1843,1869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="115 - 170" refId="ref242893" refString="Petney, T. N., Pfaffle, M. & Skuballa, J. (2012) An annotated checklist of the ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Germany. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 17, 115 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 17.2.2" type="journal article" year="2012">
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||
Petney
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||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F61C761BB5D8C01B4C1F881" box="[373,431,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2012
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F61C761B8288C01B782F881" author="Obsomer, V. & Wirtgen, M. & Linden, A. & Claerebout, E. & Heyman, P. & Heylen, D. & Madder, M. & Maris, J. & Lebrun, M. & Tack, W. & Lempereur, L." box="[512,748,1843,1869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref237851" refString="Obsomer, V., Wirtgen, M., Linden, A., Claerebout, E., Heyman, P., Heylen, D., Madder, M., Maris, J., Lebrun, M., Tack, W. & Lempereur, L. (2013) Spatial disaggregation of tick occurrence and ecology at a local scale as a preliminary step for spatial surveillance of tick-borne diseases: general framework and health implications in Belgium. Parasites & Vectors, 6 (article 190), 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / 1756 - 3305 - 6 - 190" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Obsomer
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F61C761B8478C01B7C7F881" box="[623,681,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F61C761B8D18C01B68CF881" author="Hornok, S. & Sandor, A. D. & Beck, R. & Farkas, R. & Beati, L. & Kontschan, J. & Takacs, N. & Silaghi, C. & Meyer-Kaiser, C. & Hodzic, A. & Tomanovic, S. & Abdullah, S. & Wall, R. & Estrada-Pena, A. & Duscher, G. G. & Plantard, O." box="[761,994,1843,1869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref209627" refString="Hornok, S., Sandor, A. D., Beck, R., Farkas, R., Beati, L., Kontschan, J., Takacs, N., F ˆ ldvari, G., Silaghi, C., Meyer-Kaiser, C., Hodzic, A., Tomanovic, S., Abdullah, S., Wall, R., Estrada-Pena, A., Duscher, G. G. & Plantard, O. (2017 b) Contributions to the phylogeny of Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) canisuga, I. (Ph.) kaiseri, I. (Ph.) hexagonus and a simple pictorial key for the identification of their females. Parasites & Vectors, 10 (article 545), 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 017 - 2424 - x" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Hornok
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F61C761B97F8C01B6FFF881" box="[855,913,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F61C761B9D88C01B1E7F881" author="Krcmar, S." box="[1008,1161,1843,1869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="8 - 29" refId="ref221684" refString="Krcmar, S. (2019) Diversity, ecology and seasonality of hard ticks (Acari, Ixodidae) in eastern Croatia. Journal of Vector Ecology, 44, 8 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jvec. 12325" type="journal article" year="2019">Krčmar 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F61C761BEBE8C01B0F6F881" author="Karbowiak, G. & Stanko, M. & Miterpakova, M. & Hurnikova, Z. & Vichova, B." box="[1174,1432,1843,1869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="636 - 643" refId="ref213518" refString="Karbowiak, G., Stanko, M., Miterpakova, M., Hurnikova, Z. & Vichova, B. (2020) Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitizing red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Slovakia and new data about subgenus Pholeoixodes occurrence. Acta Parasitologica, 65, 636 - 643. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / s 11686 - 020 - 00184 - 4" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Karbowiak
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F61C761BF338C01B03BF881" box="[1307,1365,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F61C761BABF8C65B400F8BD" author="Hornok, S. & Meyer-Kayser, E. & Kontschan, J. & Takacs, N. & Plantard, O. & Cullen, S. & Gaughran, A. & Szekeres, S. & Majoros, G. & Beck, R. & Boldogh, S. A." box="[151,366,1879,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref210220" refString="Hornok, S., Meyer-Kayser, E., Kontschan, J., Takacs, N., Plantard, O., Cullen, S., Gaughran, A., Szekeres, S., Majoros, G., Beck, R. & Boldogh, S. A. (2021) Morphology of Pholeoixodes species associated with carnivores in the western Palearctic: Pictorial key based on molecularly identified Ixodes (Ph.) canisuga, I. (Ph.) hexagonus and I. (Ph.) kaiseri males, nymphs and larvae. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 12 (4) (article 101715), 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2021.101715" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Hornok
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F61C761BADC8C65B442F8BD" box="[244,300,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F61C761BB518C65B711F8BD" author="Rubel, F. & Brugger, K." box="[377,639,1879,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="211 - 233" refId="ref248383" refString="Rubel, F. & Brugger, K. (2022) Maps of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) for Austria and South Tyrol, Italy. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 86, 211 - 233. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 022 - 00688 - w" type="journal article" year="2022">Rubel & Brugger 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F61C760BAEF8C49B681FDAD" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F61C760BAEF8C49B7CFFED1" blockId="10.[151,1437,1698,2013]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,609]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F61C761BAEF8C49B488F859" author="Guglielmone, A. A. & Petney, T. N. & Robbins, R. G." box="[199,486,1915,1941]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 322" refId="ref199904" refString="Guglielmone, A. A., Petney, T. N. & Robbins, R. G. (2020) Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019. Zootaxa, 4871, 1 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4871.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Guglielmone
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F61C761BB778C49B4F8F859" box="[351,406,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the confusion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F61C761B93E8C49B6A4F858" authorityName="Johnston" authorityYear="1849" box="[790,970,1915,1941]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canisuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F61C761B93E8C49B6A4F858" box="[790,970,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ixodes canisuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with related species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F61C761BE9F8C49B005F858" authorityName="Johnston" authorityYear="1849" box="[1207,1387,1915,1941]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canisuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F61C761BE9F8C49B005F858" box="[1207,1387,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ixodes canisuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was treated as a valid species in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F61C761BBFB8CADB652F875" author="Filippova, N. A. & Uspenskaya, I. G." box="[467,828,1951,1977]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="297 - 306" refId="ref195500" refString="Filippova, N. A. & Uspenskaya, I. G. (1973) Ixodes kaiseri Arthur 1957 (Ixodidae) species taxonomic status. Parazitologiya, 7, 297 - 306. [in Russian, NAMRU- 3 translation 636]" type="journal article" year="1973">Filippova & Uspenskaya (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F61C761B95B8CADB691F875" author="Teng, K. F." box="[883,1023,1951,1977]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="73 - 81" refId="ref257974" refString="Teng, K. F. (1973) Notes on some Chinese ticks of the genus Ixodes with descriptions of two new species (Acarina: Ixodidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 16, 73 - 81. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1973">Teng (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but later
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F61C761BE588CADB043F875" author="Filippova, N. A." box="[1136,1325,1951,1977]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref194763" refString="Filippova, N. A. (1977) Ixodid ticks (Ixodinae). In: Fauna USSR New Series, 4 (4), Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, 396 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1977">Filippova (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F61C761BF4D8CADB42FF811" author="Teng, K. F. & Jiang, Z." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref258421" refString="Teng, K. F. & Jiang, Z. J (1991) Economic insect fauna of China. Fascicule 39, Acari: Ixodidae. Science Press, Beijing, 355 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1991">Teng & Jiang (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
regarded this name as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F61C761B8CE8CF1B6C2F811" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[742,940,1987,2013]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crenulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F61C761B8CE8CF1B6C2F811" box="[742,940,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ixodes crenulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and this thinking was followed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F61C760BF688CF1B58AFF7D" author="Kolonin, G. V." lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, although both species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F60C760BBC28BA5B7F3FF7C" authorityName="Johnston" authorityYear="1849" box="[490,669,151,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canisuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F60C760BBC28BA5B7F3FF7C" box="[490,669,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ixodes canisuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F60C760B8F98BA5B6FAFF7D" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[721,916,151,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crenulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F60C760B8F98BA5B6FAFF7D" box="[721,916,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ixodes crenulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are considered valid here. Nevertheless, many records of these species require confirmation, and the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F60C760B9768B89B17DFF18" authorityName="Johnston" authorityYear="1849" box="[862,1043,187,213]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canisuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F60C760B9768B89B17DFF18" box="[862,1043,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ixodes canisuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be regarded as provisional. This uncertainty is underscored by the fact that there are several synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F60C760B9DE8BEDB1C5FF34" authorityName="Johnston" authorityYear="1849" box="[1014,1195,223,249]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canisuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F60C760B9DE8BEDB1C5FF34" box="[1014,1195,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ixodes canisuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as detailed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F60C760BF788BEDB44FFED1" author="Petney, T. N. & Pfaffle, M. & Skuballa, J." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="115 - 170" refId="ref242893" refString="Petney, T. N., Pfaffle, M. & Skuballa, J. (2012) An annotated checklist of the ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Germany. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 17, 115 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 17.2.2" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Petney
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F60C760BABF8A31B5A1FED1" box="[151,207,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2012)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F60C760BB7F8A31B7F3FED1" author="Guglielmone, A. A. & Nava, S." box="[343,669,259,285]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref198957" refString="Guglielmone, A. A. & Nava, S. (2014) Names for Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): valid, synonyms, incertae sedis, nomina dubia, nomina nuda, lapsus, incorrect and suppressed names - with notes on confusions and misidentifications. Zootaxa, 3767, 1 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3767.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">Guglielmone & Nava (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F60C760BAEF8A15B6B0FE8D" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,609]" box="[199,990,295,321]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
The presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F60C760BBA98A15B758FE8C" authorityName="Johnston" authorityYear="1849" box="[385,566,295,321]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canisuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F60C760BBA98A15B758FE8C" box="[385,566,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ixodes canisuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F60C760B8728A15B7D2FE8D" box="[602,700,295,321]" name="Slovenia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
|
||
is based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F60C760B96E8A15B6B4FE8D" author="Trilar, T." box="[838,986,295,321]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="213 - 216" refId="ref260135" refString="Trilar, T. (2004) Ticks (Acarina: Ixodidae) on birds in Slovenia. Acrocephalus, 25 (123), 213 - 216." type="journal article" year="2004">Trilar (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F60C760BAEF8A79B193FDD5" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F60C760BAEF8A79B412FEA8" authorityName="Johnston" authorityYear="1849" box="[199,380,331,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canisuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F60C760BAEF8A79B412FEA8" box="[199,380,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ixodes canisuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was treated as a tick found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F60C760B8E48A79B661FEA9" box="[716,783,331,357]" name="China" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F60C760B91F8A79B16EFEA9" author="Zhao, L. & Li, K. & He, B. & Zhang, L. & Han, X. & Wang, H. & Johnson, N. & Lin, X. & Wu, S. & Liu, Y." box="[823,1024,331,357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="37 - 46" refId="ref267215" refString="Zhao, L., Lv, J., Li, K., He, B., Zhang, L., Han, X., Wang, H., Johnson, N., Lin, X., Wu, S. & Liu, Y. (2020) Identification and molecular analysis of ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting domestic animals and tick-borne pathogens of the Tarim Basin of southern Xingjiang, China. Korean Journal of Parasitology, 58, 37 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.3347 / kjp. 2020.58.1.37" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Zhao
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F60C760B95F8A79B6C1FEA9" box="[887,943,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and others. These authors cited
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F60C760BF4D8A79B58CFE45" author="Teng, K. F." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="73 - 81" refId="ref257974" refString="Teng, K. F. (1973) Notes on some Chinese ticks of the genus Ixodes with descriptions of two new species (Acarina: Ixodidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 16, 73 - 81. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1973">Teng (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in arguing for the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F60C760B8688A5DB798FE44" authorityName="Johnston" authorityYear="1849" box="[576,758,367,393]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canisuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F60C760B8688A5DB798FE44" box="[576,758,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ixodes canisuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F60C760B9348A5DB60CFE45" box="[796,866,367,393]" name="China" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, while ignoring the synonymy of this species with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F60C760BABF8AA1B433FE61" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[151,349,403,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crenulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F60C760BABF8AA1B433FE61" box="[151,349,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ixodes crenulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F60C760BBAA8AA1B71EFE61" author="Teng, K. F. & Jiang, Z." box="[386,624,403,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref258421" refString="Teng, K. F. & Jiang, Z. J (1991) Economic insect fauna of China. Fascicule 39, Acari: Ixodidae. Science Press, Beijing, 355 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1991">Teng & Jiang (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F60C760B8538AA1B629FE61" author="Zhao, L. & Li, K. & He, B. & Zhang, L. & Han, X. & Wang, H. & Johnson, N. & Lin, X. & Wu, S. & Liu, Y." box="[635,839,403,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="37 - 46" refId="ref267215" refString="Zhao, L., Lv, J., Li, K., He, B., Zhang, L., Han, X., Wang, H., Johnson, N., Lin, X., Wu, S. & Liu, Y. (2020) Identification and molecular analysis of ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting domestic animals and tick-borne pathogens of the Tarim Basin of southern Xingjiang, China. Korean Journal of Parasitology, 58, 37 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.3347 / kjp. 2020.58.1.37" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Zhao
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F60C760B8948AA1B79BFE61" box="[700,757,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not discuss that synonymy, being uncertain as to how to treat these names.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F60C760BB9F8A85B7EAFE1D" author="Chen, Z. & Yang, X. & Bu, F. & Yang, X. & Yang, X. & Liu, J." box="[439,644,439,465]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="393 - 404" refId="ref181677" refString="Chen, Z., Yang, X., Bu, F., Yang, X., Yang, X. & Liu, J. (2010) Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea: Argasidae, Ixodidae) of China. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 51, 393 - 404. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 010 - 9335 - 2" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Chen
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F60C760BBD18A85B75FFE1D" box="[505,561,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Zhang, G.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F60C760B92E8A85B650FE1D" box="[774,830,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019), Zhang, Y.K. (2019) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F60C760BE818A85B01CFE1D" author="Zhao, G. P. & Wang, Y. X. & Fan, Z. W. & Ji, Y. & Liu, M. J. & Zhang, W. H. & Li, X. L. & Zhou, S. X. & Li, H. & Liang, S. & Liu, W. & Yang, Y. & Fang, L. Q." box="[1193,1394,439,465]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref267094" refString="Zhao, G. P., Wang, Y. X., Fan, Z. W., Ji, Y., Liu, M. J., Zhang, W. H., Li, X. L., Zhou, S. X., Li, H., Liang, S., Liu, W., Yang, Y. & Fang, L. Q. (2021) Mapping ticks and tick-borne pathogens in China. Nature Communications, 12 (article 1075), 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41467 - 021 - 21375 - 1" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Zhao
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F60C760BEC18A85B04FFE1D" box="[1257,1313,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2021)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F60C760BB358AE9B4BAFE38" authorityName="Johnston" authorityYear="1849" box="[285,468,475,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canisuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F60C760BB358AE9B4BAFE38" box="[285,468,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ixodes canisuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as occurring in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F60C760B8A48AE9B7BCFE39" box="[652,722,475,501]" name="China" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, a country that is provisionally excluded from the range of this tick.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F60C760BAE78ACDB49AFDD5" author="Estrada-Pena, A. & Mihalca, A. D. & Petney, T. N." box="[207,500,511,537]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref192886" refString="Estrada-Pena, A., Mihalca, A. D. & Petney, T. N. (2017) Ticks of Europe and North Africa. Springer, Cham, 404 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 63760 - 0" type="book" year="2017">
|
||
Estrada-Peña
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F60C760BB428ACDB4CCFDD5" box="[362,418,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F60C760B85F8ACDB642FDD4" authorityName="Johnston" authorityYear="1849" box="[631,812,511,537]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canisuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F60C760B85F8ACDB642FDD4" box="[631,812,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ixodes canisuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F60C760B94B8ACDB146FDD5" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[867,1064,511,537]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crenulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F60C760B94B8ACDB146FDD5" box="[867,1064,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ixodes crenulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F60C760BE9A8ACDB197FDD5" box="[1202,1273,511,537]" name="China" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F60C760BAEF8911B681FDAD" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
It is apparent that there is a need for additional research to properly define
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F60C760BE3A8911B1A6FDF0" authorityName="Johnston" authorityYear="1849" box="[1042,1224,547,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canisuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F60C760BE3A8911B1A6FDF0" box="[1042,1224,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ixodes canisuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F60C760BEFF8911B0F2FDF1" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[1239,1436,547,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crenulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F60C760BEFF8911B0F2FDF1" box="[1239,1436,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ixodes crenulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and related species, based on analyses of specimens throughout their ranges.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |