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<mods:title id="F68A28191BCE75240929A53279C48AB3">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03966A560F5DC75DBABF8D21B015F811" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7717741" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449613" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7717741" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F5DC75DBABF8D21B015F811" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F5DC75DBABF8D21B015F811" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F5DC75DBABF8D21B7F3F9E1" box="[151,669,1554,1581]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F5DC75DBABF8D21B7F3F9E1" blockId="54.[151,1437,1554,2013]" box="[151,669,1554,1581]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5DC75DBABF8D21B5D5F9E1" bold="true" box="[151,187,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">82.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5DC75DBAE88D20B7F7F9E1" ID-CoL="CMG5" ID-ENA="1325864" authority="Hirst &amp; Hirst, 1910" authorityName="Hirst &amp; Hirst" authorityYear="1910" box="[192,665,1554,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5DC75DBAE88D20B4DAF9E1" bold="true" box="[192,436,1554,1581]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Amblyomma nitidum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5DC75DBB938D21B7F7F9E1" author="Hirst, S. &amp; Hirst, L. F." box="[443,665,1555,1581]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="299 - 308" refId="ref201969" refString="Hirst, S. &amp; Hirst, L. F. (1910) Description of five new species of ticks (Ixodidae). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 6, 299 - 308. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931008692856" type="journal article" year="1910">Hirst &amp; Hirst, 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F5DC75DB88B8D21B46AF955" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F5DC75DB88B8D21B46AF955" blockId="54.[151,1437,1554,2013]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
Australasian: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5DC75DB9748D21B6A7F9E1" box="[860,969,1555,1581]" name="Indonesia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(east of Wallaces Line), 2)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5DC75DBF2F8D21B5D2F99D" name="New Caledonia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
, 3)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5DC75DBACE8D05B4ACF99D" box="[230,450,1591,1617]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
, 4)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5DC75DBBC48D05B7C5F99D" box="[492,683,1591,1617]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
; Oriental: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5DC75DB9688D05B612F99D" box="[832,892,1591,1617]" name="India" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">India</collectingCountry>
, 2)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5DC75DB98F8D05B689F99D" box="[935,999,1591,1617]" name="Japan" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Japan</collectingCountry>
(the Ryukyu Islands), 3)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5DC75DBF2D8D05B017F99D" box="[1285,1401,1591,1617]" name="Singapore" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Singapore</collectingCountry>
, 4)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5DC75DBABF8D69B587F9B9" box="[151,233,1627,1653]" name="Taiwan" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5DC75DBAD18D69B4ECF9B9" author="Sharif, M." box="[249,386,1627,1653]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="217 - 344" refId="ref253869" refString="Sharif, M. (1928) A revision of the Indian Ixodidae with special reference to the collection in the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum, 30, 217 - 344. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 30 / i 3 / 1928 / 162556" type="journal article" year="1928">Sharif 1928</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5DC75DBBA58D69B721F9B9" author="Audy, J. R. &amp; Nadchatram, M. &amp; Boo-Liat, L." box="[397,591,1627,1653]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="225 - 246" refId="ref174019" refString="Audy, J. R., Nadchatram, M. &amp; Boo-Liat, L. (1960) Malaysian parasites. XLIX. Host distribution of Malayan ticks (Ixodoidea). Studies from the Institute for Medical Research, Federation of Malaya, (29), 225 - 246." type="journal article" year="1960">
Audy
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5DC75DBBFB8D69B762F9B9" box="[467,524,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
1960
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5DC75DB8738D69B794F9B9" author="Wilson, N." box="[603,762,1627,1653]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="37 - 46" refId="ref265197" refString="Wilson, N. (1970 a) New distributional records of ticks from Southeast Asia and the Pacific (Metastigmata: Argasidae, Ixodidae). Oriental Insects, 4, 37 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1970.10433939" type="journal article" year="1970">
Wilson 1970
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5DC75DB8C58D69B794F9B9" author="Filippova, N. A." box="[749,762,1627,1653]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="136 - 138" refId="ref194672" refString="Filippova, N. A. (1971) A new species of ixodid tick, Ixodes sachalinensis, sp. n. (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) from Sakhalin. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 50, 236 - 239. [in Russian, translation in Entomological Review, 50, 136 - 138]" type="journal article" year="1971">a</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, Yamaguti
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5DC75DB9518D69B6DCF9B9" box="[889,946,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
1971,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5DC75DBE298D69B1CEF9B9" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[1025,1184,1627,1653]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin 2009</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5DC75DBE848D69B05FF9B9" author="Owen, I. L." box="[1196,1329,1627,1653]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref240497" refString="Owen, I. L. (2011) Parasites of animals in Papua New Guinea recorded at the National Veterinary Laboratory: a catalogue, historical review and zoogeographical affiliations. Zootaxa, 3143, 1 - 163. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3143.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">Owen 2011</bibRefCitation>
, Kwak
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5DC75DBFA08D69B5DAF955" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
2020).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F5DC75DBAEF8D91B015F811" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F5DC75DBAEF8D91B670F8C9" blockId="54.[151,1437,1554,2013]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
Several records of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5DC75DBBBE8D91B710F971" authorityName="Hirst &amp; Hirst" authorityYear="1910" box="[406,638,1699,1725]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5DC75DBBBE8D91B710F971" box="[406,638,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Amblyomma nitidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been published under the name
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5DC75DBE348D91B04AF971" authorityName="Warburton" authorityYear="1933" box="[1052,1316,1699,1725]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticaudae">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5DC75DBE348D91B04AF971" box="[1052,1316,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Amblyomma laticaudae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5DC75DBA938DF5B4E8F92D" author="Warburton, C." box="[187,390,1735,1761]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="558 - 568" refId="ref264233" refString="Warburton, C. (1933) On five new species of ticks (Arachnida Ixodoidea). Ixodes petauristae, I. ampullaceus, Dermacentor imitans, Amblyomma laticaudae and Aponomma draconis, with notes on three previously described species, Ornithodorus [sic] franchinii Tonelli Rondelli, Haemaphysalis cooleyi Bedford and Rhipicephalus maculatus Neumann. Parasitology, 24, 558 - 568. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182000020953" type="journal article" year="1933">Warburton (1933)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5DC75DBB978DF5B78AF92D" author="Rageau, J. &amp; Vervent, G." box="[447,740,1734,1761]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="819 - 835" refId="ref244844" refString="Rageau, J. &amp; Vervent, G. (1959) Les tiques (Acariens, Ixodidae) des iles francaises du Pacifique. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie Exotique, 52, 819 - 835." type="journal article" year="1959">Rageau &amp; Vervent (1959)</bibRefCitation>
under the same name, but found to be a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5DC75DBF638DF5B457F8C9" authorityName="Hirst &amp; Hirst" authorityYear="1910" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5DC75DBF638DF5B457F8C9" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Amblyomma nitidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as discussed in
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5DC75DBBDC8DD9B674F8C9" author="Guglielmone, A. A. &amp; Petney, T. N. &amp; Robbins, R. G." box="[500,794,1771,1797]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 322" refId="ref199904" refString="Guglielmone, A. A., Petney, T. N. &amp; Robbins, R. G. (2020) Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019. Zootaxa, 4871, 1 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4871.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
Guglielmone
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5DC75DB8A58DD9B7ABF8C9" box="[653,709,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F5DC75DBAEF8C3DB7E2F881" blockId="54.[151,1437,1554,2013]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5DC75DBAEF8C3DB461F8E5" box="[199,271,1807,1833]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Indian" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Indian</taxonomicName>
records of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5DC75DBBA38C3DB71DF8E5" authorityName="Hirst &amp; Hirst" authorityYear="1910" box="[395,627,1807,1833]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5DC75DBBA38C3DB71DF8E5" box="[395,627,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Amblyomma nitidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refer to the Andaman Islands (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5DC75DB9EF8C3DB13EF8E5" author="Sharif, M." box="[967,1104,1807,1833]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="217 - 344" refId="ref253869" refString="Sharif, M. (1928) A revision of the Indian Ixodidae with special reference to the collection in the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum, 30, 217 - 344. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 30 / i 3 / 1928 / 162556" type="journal article" year="1928">Sharif 1928</bibRefCitation>
), which are closer to the coast of
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5DC75DBA9E8C01B44DF881" box="[182,291,1843,1869]" name="Myanmar" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
than to the
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5DC75DBB8F8C01B481F881" box="[423,495,1843,1869]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Indian" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Indian</taxonomicName>
subcontinent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F5DC75DBAEF8C65B015F811" blockId="54.[151,1437,1554,2013]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5DC75DBAEF8C65B488F8BD" author="Voltzit, O. V. &amp; Keirans, J. E." box="[199,486,1879,1905]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="95 - 136" refId="ref262251" refString="Voltzit, O. V. &amp; Keirans, J. E. (2002) A review of Asian Amblyomma species (Acari, Ixodida, Ixodidae). Acarina, 10, 95 - 136." type="journal article" year="2002">Voltzit &amp; Keirans (2002)</bibRefCitation>
listed
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5DC75DB81E8C65B64CF8BD" authorityName="Hirst &amp; Hirst" authorityYear="1910" box="[566,802,1879,1905]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5DC75DB81E8C65B64CF8BD" box="[566,802,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Amblyomma nitidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as also found in the Palearctic Zoogeographic Region, but no records of this tick from that region were found during this analysis.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5DC75DB9C68C49B1ABF859" author="Doss, M. A. &amp; Farr, M. M. &amp; Roach, K. F. &amp; Anastos, G." box="[1006,1221,1915,1941]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref188723" refString="Doss, M. A., Farr, M. M., Roach, K. F. &amp; Anastos, G. (1974 a) Index-catalogue of medical and veterinary zoology. Special publication 3. Ticks and tick-borne diseases. I. Genera and species of ticks. Part 1. Genera A-G. United States Department of Agriculture, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington D. C., 429 pp." type="book" year="1974">
Doss
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5DC75DBE068C49B108F859" box="[1070,1126,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
(1974a)
</bibRefCitation>
listed
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5DC75DBF388C49B583F875" authorityName="Hirst &amp; Hirst" authorityYear="1910" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5DC75DBF388C49B583F875" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Amblyomma nitidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a tick found in the
<collectingRegion id="49FB15A20F5DC75DBBC28CADB7D9F875" box="[490,695,1951,1977]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Galápagos Islands</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5DC75DB8EF8CADB644F875" box="[711,810,1951,1977]" name="Ecuador" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
), based on
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5DC75DB9808CADB06FF875" author="Vercammen-Grandjean, P. H." box="[936,1281,1951,1977]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="236 - 239" refId="ref261879" refString="Vercammen-Grandjean, P. H. (1966) Evolutionary problems of mite-host specificity and its relevance to studies on Galapagos organisms. In: R. I. Bowman (editor), The Galapagos. University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, pp. 236 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.1525 / 9780520328389 - 035" type="book chapter" year="1966">Vercammen-Grandjean (1966)</bibRefCitation>
, but the latter author simply hypothesized that
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5DC75DB82D8CF1B780F811" authorityName="Hirst &amp; Hirst" authorityYear="1910" box="[517,750,1987,2013]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5DC75DB82D8CF1B780F811" box="[517,750,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Amblyomma nitidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might be able to reach the
<collectingRegion id="49FB15A20F5DC75DBE358CF1B1FDF811" box="[1053,1171,1987,2013]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
along with its hosts.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>