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<mods:title id="94188BE7EF47583F0237C1131468764D">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F02C702BABF8EB1B70CFA51" box="[151,610,1410,1437]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F02C702BABF8EB1B70CFA51" blockId="105.[151,1437,1410,1797]" box="[151,610,1410,1437]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F02C702BABF8EB1B5D4FA51" bold="true" box="[151,186,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F02C702BAE98EB0B731FA51" ID-CoL="6MGH7" ID-ENA="947028" authority="Koch, 1844 a" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[193,607,1410,1437]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impressum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F02C702BAE98EB0B4ABFA51" bold="true" box="[193,453,1410,1437]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Hyalomma impressum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F02C702BBE48EB1B731FA51" author="Koch, C. L." box="[460,607,1411,1437]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="217 - 239" refId="ref219297" refString="Koch, C. L. (1844 a) Systematische Ubersicht ¸ ber die Ordnung der Zecken. Archiv f ¸ r Naturgeschichte, 10, 217 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 29560" type="journal article" year="1844">Koch, 1844a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F02C702B84F8EB1B1FDF9C5" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F02C702B84F8EB1B1FDF9C5" blockId="105.[151,1437,1410,1797]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
Afrotropical: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F02C702B9368EB1B60AFA51" box="[798,868,1411,1437]" name="Benin" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Benin</collectingCountry>
, 2)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F02C702B9A58EB1B148FA51" box="[909,1062,1411,1437]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
, 3)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F02C702BE678EB1B1A9FA51" box="[1103,1223,1411,1437]" name="Cameroon" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, 4)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F02C702BEC78EB1B591FA0D" name="Central African Republic" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
, 5)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F02C702BB048E95B409FA0D" box="[300,359,1447,1473]" name="Chad" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Chad</collectingCountry>
(south), 6)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F02C702BBC78E95B611FA0D" box="[495,895,1447,1473]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
, 7)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F02C702B9858E95B697FA0D" box="[941,1017,1447,1473]" name="Ghana" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Ghana</collectingCountry>
, 8)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F02C702BE0D8E95B1C0FA0D" box="[1061,1198,1447,1473]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
, 9)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F02C702BEF28E95B061FA0D" box="[1242,1295,1447,1473]" name="Serbia" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Mali</collectingCountry>
(south), 10)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F02C702BABF8EF9B47CFA29" box="[151,274,1483,1509]" name="Mauritania" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Mauritania</collectingCountry>
(south), 11)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F02C702BB8F8EF9B489FA29" box="[423,487,1483,1509]" name="Niger" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Niger</collectingCountry>
(south), 12)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F02C702B8558EF9B7BAFA29" box="[637,724,1483,1509]" name="Nigeria" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
, 13)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F02C702B9268EF9B607FA29" box="[782,873,1483,1509]" name="Senegal" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Senegal</collectingCountry>
, 14)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F02C702B98D8EF9B685FA29" box="[933,1003,1483,1509]" name="Sudan" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Sudan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F02C702B9D38EF9B1EBFA29" author="Morel, P. C." box="[1019,1157,1483,1509]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref232231" refString="Morel, P. C. (2003) Les tiques d'Afrique et du Bassin mediterraneen (1965 - 1995). CIRAD-EMVT, 1342 pp." type="book" year="2003">Morel 2003</bibRefCitation>
, Apanaskevich &amp; Horak 2007,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F02C702BAF58EDDB415F9C5" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[221,379,1519,1545]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin 2009</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F02C702BBAE8EDDB718F9C5" author="Uilenberg, G. &amp; Estrada-Pena, A. &amp; Thal, J." box="[390,630,1519,1545]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref260920" refString="Uilenberg, G., Estrada-Pena, A. &amp; Thal, J. (2013) Ticks of the Central African Republic. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 60, 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 012 - 9605 - 2" type="journal article" year="2013">
Uilenberg
<emphasis id="B94B07520F02C702BBD48EDDB75BF9C5" box="[508,565,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
, Okwounu
<emphasis id="B94B07520F02C702B8DF8EDDB641F9C5" box="[759,815,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">et al.</emphasis>
2021,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F02C702B9548EDDB1E9F9C5" author="Ouedraogo, A. S. &amp; Zannou, O. M. &amp; Biguezoton, A. S. &amp; Yao, K. P. &amp; Belem, A. &amp; Farougou, S. &amp; Oosthuizen, M. &amp; Saegerman, C. &amp; Lempereur, L." box="[892,1159,1519,1545]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref240273" refString="Ouedraogo, A. S., Zannou, O. M., Biguezoton, A. S., Yao, K. P., Belem, A., Farougou, S., Oosthuizen, M., Saegerman, C. &amp; Lempereur, L. (2021 a) Cattle ticks and associated tick-borne pathogens in Burkina Faso and Benin: apparent northern spread of Rhipicephalus microplus in Benin and first evidence of Theileria velifera and Theileria annulata. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 12 (article 101733), 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2021.101733" type="journal article" year="2021">
Ouedraogo
<emphasis id="B94B07520F02C702B9D78EDDB156F9C5" box="[1023,1080,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">et al.</emphasis>
2021a
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F02C702BAEF8D21B6BFF8C9" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F02C702BAEF8D21B700F9B9" blockId="105.[151,1437,1410,1797]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
Apanaskevich &amp; Horak (2007) explained the difficulties involved in correctly identifying
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F02C702BEB58D21B0FBF9E0" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[1181,1429,1555,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impressum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F02C702BEB58D21B0FBF9E0" box="[1181,1429,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Hyalomma impressum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species whose morphology had been poorly described prior to the study of these authors, and that has been extensively confused with related species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F02C702BAE68D4DB6BFF8C9" blockId="105.[151,1437,1410,1797]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
There are records of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F02C702BB938D4DB7DBF954" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[443,693,1663,1689]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impressum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F02C702BB938D4DB7DBF954" box="[443,693,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Hyalomma impressum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F02C702B8D28D4DB63FF955" box="[762,849,1663,1689]" name="Algeria" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Algeria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F02C702B9758D4DB6CEF955" box="[861,928,1663,1689]" name="Egypt" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Egypt</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F02C702B9F08D4DB17CF955" box="[984,1042,1663,1689]" name="India" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">India</collectingCountry>
in Djerbough
<emphasis id="B94B07520F02C702BE9E8D4DB181F955" box="[1206,1263,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">et al.</emphasis>
(2012), AbdelShafy
<emphasis id="B94B07520F02C702BAC98D91B474F971" box="[225,282,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">et al.</emphasis>
(2011) and
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F02C702BB8B8D91B730F971" author="Ali, S. &amp; Ijaz, M. &amp; Ghaffar, A. &amp; Oneeb, M. &amp; Masud, A. &amp; Durrani, A. Z. &amp; Rashid, M. I." box="[419,606,1699,1725]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="25 - 30" refId="ref167980" refString="Ali, S., Ijaz, M., Ghaffar, A., Oneeb, M., Masud, A., Durrani, A. Z. &amp; Rashid, M. I. (2020) Species distribution and seasonal dynamics of equine tick infestation in two subtropical climate niches in Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 40, 25 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.29261 / pakvetj / 2019.095" type="journal article" year="2020">
Ali
<emphasis id="B94B07520F02C702BBE78D91B766F971" box="[463,520,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
, among others, but the presence of established populations of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F02C702BF098D91B461F92C" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impressum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F02C702BF098D91B461F92C" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Hyalomma impressum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in those countries is here regarded as unconfirmed.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F02C702B95E8DF5B130F92D" author="Shahid, M. F. &amp; Yaqub, T. &amp; Ali, M. &amp; Ul-Rahman, A. &amp; Bente, D. A." box="[886,1118,1735,1761]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref253747" refString="Shahid, M. F., Yaqub, T., Ali, M., Ul-Rahman, A. &amp; Bente, D. A. (2021) Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks collected from Punjab Province of Pakistan. Acta Tropica, 218 (article 105892), 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. actatropica. 2021.105892" type="journal article" year="2021">
Shahid
<emphasis id="B94B07520F02C702B9E68DF5B164F92D" box="[974,1034,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">et al.</emphasis>
(2021)
</bibRefCitation>
and others allegedly found
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F02C702BABF8DD9B4FFF8C8" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[151,401,1771,1797]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Hyalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impressum">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F02C702BABF8DD9B4FFF8C8" box="[151,401,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Hyalomma impressum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F02C702BB9D8DD9B779F8C9" box="[437,535,1771,1797]" name="Pakistan" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
, but such diagnoses need confirmation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>