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<mods:title id="D11AEFF305E9C406CD72BE218D855C48">Palaeoxylotomical Studies In The Cenozoic Petrified Forests Of Greece. Part Three - Dicots</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6D299265266870B7E14596DF98B92B60">Iamandei, Stanila</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="764190E0A8317999753394E9EB1EEDC0">Velitzelos, Dimitrios</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="E93687EBFFA8BE1AFF16FE97FEF8FD53" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E93687EBFFA8BE1AFF16FE97FEF8FD53" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E93687EBFFA8BE1AFF16FE97FEF8FD53" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<subSubSection id="29856576FFA8BE17FF16FE97FD6CFEC9" box="[230,692,329,353]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="612036FDFFA8BE17FF16FE97FD6CFEC9" blockId="7.[230,692,329,353]" box="[230,692,329,353]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<heading id="3A688191FFA8BE17FF16FE97FD6CFEC9" box="[230,692,329,353]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="A69F4D7EFFA8BE17FF16FE97FD6CFEC9" authority="Berger, 1953 a" authorityName="Berger, Cinnamomoxylon" authorityYear="1953" box="[230,692,329,353]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Laurinoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ehrendorferi">
<emphasis id="53EBEAEFFFA8BE17FF16FE97FD6CFEC9" bold="true" box="[230,692,329,353]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="53EBEAEFFFA8BE17FF16FE97FDD7FEC9" bold="true" box="[230,527,329,353]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Laurinoxylon ehrendorferi</emphasis>
Berger, 1953a
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="29856576FFA8BE17FEE1FEB7FD52FE29" box="[273,650,361,385]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" type="description">
<paragraph id="612036FDFFA8BE17FEE1FEB7FD52FE29" blockId="7.[273,650,361,385]" box="[273,650,361,385]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<figureCitation id="F9A42A78FFA8BE17FEE1FEB7FE89FE29" box="[273,337,361,385]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[184,223,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[183,1397,155,1895]" captionTargetId="figure-40@8.[183,1397,155,1895]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 3. Laurinoxylon ehrendorferi Berger 1953a (Specimen Lsv52). a–c: Cross section – semi-ring porosity, distinct growth-rings; idioblasts in axial parenchyma (arrow); d–f: Tangential section – alternate pitting on vessels; rays1-3 seriate; g–i: Radial section - heterogeneous rays, with marginal idioblasts; simple and scalariform perforations (vertical arrow). photos a-i (graphic scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14656077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14656077/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
, photos a-i;
<figureCitation id="F9A42A78FFA8BE17FE24FEB7FDCAFE29" box="[468,530,361,385]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,228,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[189,1416,154,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-21@9.[189,1416,154,1907]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Laurinoxylon ehrendorferi Berger 1953a (Specimen Li214). a–c. Cross section – semi-ring porosity, distinct growth-rings; idioblasts in rays and axial parenchyma (arrows); d–f. Tangential section – alternate pitting on vessels; rays1-3 seriate, idioblasts in rays (arrows); g–i. Radial section - heterogeneous rays, with marginal idioblasts (arrows). photos a-i (graphic scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14656081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14656081/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
, photos a-i
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="29856576FFA8BE1AFF67FE72FEF8FD53" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="612036FDFFA8BE17FF67FE72FD02FC98" blockId="7.[151,772,428,2074]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="53EBEAEFFFA8BE17FF67FE72FE86FE6C" bold="true" box="[151,350,428,452]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Studied material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="D1F73CA0FFA8BE17FE96FE72FD0EFC98" collectionCode="NKUA" collectorName="They &amp; Oligocene &amp; Miocene &amp; Collections &amp; Faculty Geol. &amp; Geoenviron." county="Aet" location="Aet" municipality="Aet" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Voreio Aigaio">
From the studied material, 17 samples of fossil wood collected from
<collectingRegion id="A35BF81FFFA8BE17FE09FE13FD92FE4D" box="[505,586,461,485]" country="Greece" name="Voreio Aigaio" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Aegean</collectingRegion>
area, showed a similar lauraceous xylostructure of
<typeStatus id="BE24885FFFA8BE17FDEEFE31FD8DFDAF" box="[542,597,495,519]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Type</typeStatus>
2a (
<bibRefCitation id="050E4B0CFFA8BE17FD79FE30FEC7FD8F" author="Mantzouka, D. &amp; Karakitsios, V. &amp; Sakala, J. &amp; Wheeler, E. A." pageId="7" pageNumber="68" pagination="459 - 488" refId="ref24623" refString="Mantzouka, D., Karakitsios, V., Sakala, J. &amp; Wheeler, E. A., 2016. Using idioblasts to group Laurinoxylon species: case study from the Oligo-Miocene of Europe. IAWA Journal, 37 (3): 459 - 488. DOI: 10.1163 / 22941932 - 20160147" type="journal article" year="2016">Mantzouka et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
), slightly different of the above described species.
<collectorName id="CC6A532BFFA8BE17FF02FDEEFEF1FDE0" box="[242,297,560,584]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">They</collectorName>
were collected from late
<collectorName id="CC6A532BFFA8BE17FDCCFDEEFD72FDE0" box="[572,682,560,584]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Oligocene</collectorName>
to early
<collectorName id="CC6A532BFFA8BE17FF67FD8FFF2CFDC1" box="[151,244,593,617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Miocene</collectorName>
volcano-sedimentary deposits and are registered and kept in the
<collectorName id="CC6A532BFFA8BE17FE92FDACFE03FD22" box="[354,475,626,650]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Collections</collectorName>
of the
<collectorName id="CC6A532BFFA8BE17FDB3FDACFD07FD22" box="[579,735,626,650]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Faculty Geol.</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="CC6A532BFFA8BE17FF67FD4DFEC5FD03" box="[151,285,659,683]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Geoenviron.</collectorName>
of
<collectionCode id="078EAE38FFA8BE17FEA9FD4DFE71FD03" box="[345,425,659,683]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">NKUA</collectionCode>
, under these field numbers:
<collectingCounty id="88414E71FFA8BE17FF67FD6AFF18FD64" box="[151,192,692,716]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Aet</collectingCounty>
983,
<collectingMunicipality id="8144AC87FFA8BE17FEF3FD6AFEF4FD64" box="[259,300,692,716]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Aet</collectingMunicipality>
989,
<location id="64406026FFA8BE17FE80FD6AFE42FD64" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E93687EBFFA8BE1AFF16FE97FEF8FD53:64406026FFA8BE17FE80FD6AFE42FD64" box="[368,410,692,716]" county="Aet" municipality="Aet" name="Aet" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" stateProvince="Voreio Aigaio">Aet</location>
991, collected from
<location id="64406026FFA8BE17FD6EFD6AFCDBFD64" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E93687EBFFA8BE1AFF16FE97FEF8FD53:64406026FFA8BE17FD6EFD6AFCDBFD64" box="[670,771,692,716]" county="Aet" municipality="Aet" name="Aetohory" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" stateProvince="Voreio Aigaio">Aetohory</location>
(Evros);
<location id="64406026FFA8BE17FEF3FD0BFEC4FD45" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E93687EBFFA8BE1AFF16FE97FEF8FD53:64406026FFA8BE17FEF3FD0BFEC4FD45" box="[259,284,725,749]" county="Aet" municipality="Aet" name="Li" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" stateProvince="Voreio Aigaio">Li</location>
213,
<location id="64406026FFA8BE17FEAEFD0BFEAFFD45" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E93687EBFFA8BE1AFF16FE97FEF8FD53:64406026FFA8BE17FEAEFD0BFEAFFD45" box="[350,375,725,749]" county="Aet" municipality="Aet" name="Li" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" stateProvince="Voreio Aigaio">Li</location>
214,
<location id="64406026FFA8BE17FE48FD0BFE09FD45" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E93687EBFFA8BE1AFF16FE97FEF8FD53:64406026FFA8BE17FE48FD0BFE09FD45" box="[440,465,725,749]" county="Aet" municipality="Aet" name="Li" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" stateProvince="Voreio Aigaio">Li</location>
215,
<location id="64406026FFA8BE17FDE3FD0BFDF4FD45" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E93687EBFFA8BE1AFF16FE97FEF8FD53:64406026FFA8BE17FDE3FD0BFDF4FD45" box="[531,556,725,749]" county="Aet" municipality="Aet" name="Li" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" stateProvince="Voreio Aigaio">Li</location>
218,
<location id="64406026FFA8BE17FD9EFD0BFD5EFD45" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E93687EBFFA8BE1AFF16FE97FEF8FD53:64406026FFA8BE17FD9EFD0BFD5EFD45" box="[622,646,725,749]" county="Aet" municipality="Aet" name="Li" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" stateProvince="Voreio Aigaio">Li</location>
485b from
<location id="64406026FFA8BE17FF67FD28FEEDFCA6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E93687EBFFA8BE1AFF16FE97FEF8FD53:64406026FFA8BE17FF67FD28FEEDFCA6" box="[151,309,758,782]" county="Aet" municipality="Aet" name="Limnos island" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" stateProvince="Voreio Aigaio">Limnos island</location>
; and
<location id="64406026FFA8BE17FE81FD28FE43FCA6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E93687EBFFA8BE1AFF16FE97FEF8FD53:64406026FFA8BE17FE81FD28FE43FCA6" box="[369,411,758,782]" county="Aet" municipality="Aet" name="Lsv" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" stateProvince="Voreio Aigaio">Lsv</location>
48,
<location id="64406026FFA8BE17FE33FD28FE35FCA6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E93687EBFFA8BE1AFF16FE97FEF8FD53:64406026FFA8BE17FE33FD28FE35FCA6" box="[451,493,758,782]" county="Aet" municipality="Aet" name="Lsv" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" stateProvince="Voreio Aigaio">Lsv</location>
50,
<location id="64406026FFA8BE17FDE5FD28FDE7FCA6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E93687EBFFA8BE1AFF16FE97FEF8FD53:64406026FFA8BE17FDE5FD28FDE7FCA6" box="[533,575,758,782]" county="Aet" municipality="Aet" name="Lsv" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" stateProvince="Voreio Aigaio">Lsv</location>
52,
<location id="64406026FFA8BE17FD97FD28FD49FCA6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E93687EBFFA8BE1AFF16FE97FEF8FD53:64406026FFA8BE17FD97FD28FD49FCA6" box="[615,657,758,782]" county="Aet" municipality="Aet" name="Lsv" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" stateProvince="Voreio Aigaio">Lsv</location>
56,
<location id="64406026FFA8BE17FD4AFD28FD3CFCA6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E93687EBFFA8BE1AFF16FE97FEF8FD53:64406026FFA8BE17FD4AFD28FD3CFCA6" box="[698,740,758,782]" county="Aet" municipality="Aet" name="Lsv" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" stateProvince="Voreio Aigaio">Lsv</location>
57,
<location id="64406026FFA8BE17FF67FCC6FF18FC98" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E93687EBFFA8BE1AFF16FE97FEF8FD53:64406026FFA8BE17FF67FCC6FF18FC98" box="[151,192,792,816]" county="Aet" municipality="Aet" name="Lsv" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" stateProvince="Voreio Aigaio">Lsv</location>
392,
<location id="64406026FFA8BE17FF05FCC6FEC6FC98" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E93687EBFFA8BE1AFF16FE97FEF8FD53:64406026FFA8BE17FF05FCC6FEC6FC98" box="[245,286,792,816]" county="Aet" municipality="Aet" name="Lsv" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" stateProvince="Voreio Aigaio">Lsv</location>
420,
<location id="64406026FFA8BE17FEA2FCC6FEA4FC98" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E93687EBFFA8BE1AFF16FE97FEF8FD53:64406026FFA8BE17FEA2FCC6FEA4FC98" box="[338,380,792,816]" county="Aet" municipality="Aet" name="Lsv" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" stateProvince="Voreio Aigaio">Lsv</location>
421,
<location id="64406026FFA8BE17FE5FFCC6FE0EFC98" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E93687EBFFA8BE1AFF16FE97FEF8FD53:64406026FFA8BE17FE5FFCC6FE0EFC98" box="[431,470,792,816]" county="Aet" municipality="Aet" name="Lsv" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" stateProvince="Voreio Aigaio">Lsv</location>
422 from
<location id="64406026FFA8BE17FDB0FCC6FD0EFC98" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E93687EBFFA8BE1AFF16FE97FEF8FD53:64406026FFA8BE17FDB0FCC6FD0EFC98" box="[576,726,792,816]" county="Aet" municipality="Aet" name="Lesvos island" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" stateProvince="Voreio Aigaio">Lesvos island</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="612036FDFFA8BE17FF67FCE7FEFEFC7D" blockId="7.[151,772,428,2074]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="53EBEAEFFFA8BE17FF67FCE7FE68FCF9" bold="true" box="[151,432,825,849]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Microscopic description.</emphasis>
The growth rings – show quite indistinct boundaries, sometimes weakly marked by few rows of smaller flattened fibres, and by the start of the early-wood with normal-sized ground-tissue cells and large vessels.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="612036FDFFA8BE17FF67FC00FF34F8B8" blockId="7.[151,772,428,2074]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
The vessels – show in cross-section usually a diffuse-porous arrangement, only the vessels of final wood appear slightly smaller. The solitary vessels are numerous (around 50%), are round to oval-shaped and have the radial / tangential diameter of 100-200 / 70-170 µm. When grouped, usually as 2-3, the vessels are slightly deformed by compression and their wall thickness is of 7- 10 µm the double wall. Sometimes, in the final wood, the vessel lumen size is more diminished (to 70 / 40 µm r/tg.d). In longitudinal view, the perforation plates appear usually of simple
<typeStatus id="BE24885FFFA8BE17FE8CFAF4FE74FAEA" box="[380,428,1322,1346]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">type</typeStatus>
, more or less inclined and sometimes scalariform, with relatively few thin bars, up to 10-15 (in Lsv48, Lsv52). The intervessel pitting has an alternate arrangement, and the pits are polygonal, slightly rounded, and medium-sized with a diameter of around 10 µm. The vessel-ray pits have much-reduced borders to apparently simple, and are similar to intervessel pits, in size and shape. The cross-field pitting is described below. Helical thickenings in vessel elements are rarely present. The mean tangential diameter of vessel lumina is around 130 µm. Vessels density is of 20-40 vessels per square millimeter, or more. The mean vessel element length is more than 350 µm. Tyloses in vessels, sometimes present. Deposits in vessels usually not present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="612036FDFFA8BE17FF67F8C7FEEFF8FB" blockId="7.[151,772,428,2074]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Tracheids and vascular fibres/vasicentric tracheids usually absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="612036FDFFA8BE17FF67F882FD9EF81E" blockId="7.[151,772,428,2074]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">The fibers – constitute the major part of the ground tissue. They appear sometimes septate and usually have few, small, simple or distinctly bordered pits.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="612036FDFFA8BE17FF67F861FBF1FEB6" blockId="7.[151,772,428,2074]" lastBlockId="7.[816,1437,163,2074]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
The axial parenchyma – is present within the ground-tissue few of apotracheal
<typeStatus id="BE24885FFFA8BE17FE5CF83FFE02F851" box="[428,474,2017,2041]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">type</typeStatus>
as diffusely dispersed cells among fibres and as scanty paratracheal or of vasicentric
<typeStatus id="BE24885FFFA8BE17FCC0FF7AFCB9FF14" box="[816,865,164,188]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">type</typeStatus>
. Their vertical walls have small simple pits. Sometimes, some parenchyma cells appear to be hypertrophied and full of mucilaginous substance, representing idioblasts.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="612036FDFFA8BE17FCC0FEF9FAE0FD45" blockId="7.[816,1437,163,2074]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
The medullary rays – are usually fine: 1-3 seriate. Their height, in tangential sections, appear low to high, of 3 up to 25 cells, sometimes more, and the terminal cells appear triangular high, often flame-like. Radially, the cellular composition appear of heterocellular
<typeStatus id="BE24885FFFA8BE17FB32FE72FB2AFE6C" box="[1218,1266,428,452]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">type</typeStatus>
, with body ray-cells all procumbent and one marginal row of taller cells, square and/or upright (of 4-12 µm), some of them as hypertrophied idioblasts, flame-like, globular to oval shaped, usually having bright or dark content. The cross fields with vessels show some small round pits, of 5-7 µm in diameter, in some horizontal rows arranged. Sometimes larger pits on the taller marginal fields can be observed. Ray density around 12 rays per tangential mm. Sheath cells and tile cells in rays are not present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="612036FDFFA8BE17FCC0FD28FCA4FC5E" blockId="7.[816,1437,163,2074]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Storied structures – not present, neither to rays nor to the axial parenchyma and/or vessel elements. Secretory elements – appear as oil and/or mucilage hypertrophied ray-cells, as idioblasts associated with rays as are described above, and sometimes, associated with axial parenchyma. Mineral inclusions – absent. Intercellular canals – normal or traumatic axial or radial canals are absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="612036FDFFA8BE17FCC0FBDEFB29FA6D" blockId="7.[816,1437,163,2074]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="53EBEAEFFFA8BE17FCC0FBDEFB84FBB0" bold="true" box="[816,1116,1024,1048]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Affinities and discussions.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="D1F73CA0FFA8BE17FB95FBDEFB35FA6D" location="From" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" specimenCount="17" stateProvince="Voreio Aigaio">
<location id="64406026FFA8BE17FB95FBDEFB47FBBF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E93687EBFFA8BE1AFF16FE97FEF8FD53:64406026FFA8BE17FB95FBDEFB47FBBF" box="[1125,1183,1024,1047]" name="From" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" stateProvince="Voreio Aigaio">From</location>
the studied samples of petrified wood collected from
<collectingRegion id="A35BF81FFFA8BE17FB88FBFEFB11FB90" box="[1144,1225,1056,1080]" country="Greece" name="Voreio Aigaio" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Aegean</collectingRegion>
area, mainland and insular,
<specimenCount id="7799FD74FFA8BE17FC6AFB9FFBE7FBF1" box="[922,1087,1089,1113]" count="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" type="generic">17 specimens</specimenCount>
showed similar lauraceous structures of diffuse-porous
<typeStatus id="BE24885FFFA8BE17FBAFFBBDFB55FBD3" box="[1119,1165,1123,1147]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">type</typeStatus>
with quite indistinct ring boundaries, with numerous solitary vessels or in short radial multiples, vessels thick-walled with simple and sometimes scalariform perforations, with alternate intervessel pitting, also with scanty paratracheal to vasicentric parenchyma and with 1-3 seriate rays, heterocellular, having one marginal row of taller or upright cells, often hypertrophied, oval or flame-like, and full of oil and/or mucilage, representing idioblasts. But idioblasts appear associated with axial parenchyma too, even if, sometimes, is difficult to observe
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="612036FDFFA8BE17FCC0FA11FB78F8B8" blockId="7.[816,1437,163,2074]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
The xylotomy of the here studied specimens is in accord with the emended diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="A69F4D7EFFA8BE17FB73FA2EFA40F9A0" authority="Felix, 1883" authorityName="Felix" authorityYear="1883" box="[1155,1432,1520,1544]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Laurinoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="53EBEAEFFFA8BE17FB73FA2EFACBF9A0" box="[1155,1299,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Laurinoxylon</emphasis>
Felix, 1883
</taxonomicName>
, emend. Dupéron et al., 2008. And, taking into account the location of the mucilaginous idioblasts as a main taxonomic indicator, after
<bibRefCitation id="050E4B0CFFA8BE17FB92F98DFAA3F9C3" author="Mantzouka, D. &amp; Karakitsios, V. &amp; Sakala, J. &amp; Wheeler, E. A." box="[1122,1403,1619,1643]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" pagination="459 - 488" refId="ref24623" refString="Mantzouka, D., Karakitsios, V., Sakala, J. &amp; Wheeler, E. A., 2016. Using idioblasts to group Laurinoxylon species: case study from the Oligo-Miocene of Europe. IAWA Journal, 37 (3): 459 - 488. DOI: 10.1163 / 22941932 - 20160147" type="journal article" year="2016">Mantzouka et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
, it seems that we face a
<taxonomicName id="A69F4D7EFFA8BE17FBCFF9AAFB17F924" authorityName="Felix" authorityYear="1883" box="[1087,1231,1652,1676]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Laurinoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="53EBEAEFFFA8BE17FBCFF9AAFB17F924" box="[1087,1231,1652,1676]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Laurinoxylon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-
<typeStatus id="BE24885FFFA8BE17FB07F9ABFAF6F925" box="[1271,1326,1653,1677]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Type</typeStatus>
2a, with idioblasts associated with both ray and axial parenchyma. We will compare the here studied specimens with some lauraceous species described especially from the European and Mediterranean area.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="612036FDFFA8BE1AFCC0F8C7FD99FE83" blockId="7.[816,1437,163,2074]" lastBlockId="10.[151,772,176,763]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
Thus, Berger (1953a) described the species
<taxonomicName id="A69F4D7EFFA8BE17FAFDF8C7FC6FF8FB" authorityName="Berger, Cinnamomoxylon" authorityYear="1953" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Laurinoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ehrendorferi">
<emphasis id="53EBEAEFFFA8BE17FAFDF8C7FC6FF8FB" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Laurinoxylon ehrendorferi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from the
<collectingRegion id="A35BF81FFFA8BE17FBC9F8E5FB52F8FB" box="[1081,1162,1851,1875]" country="Greece" name="Voreio Aigaio" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Aegean</collectingRegion>
area, from Limnos and Tessaloniki, which show a xylotomy very similar to here studied specimens, as having frequently grouped vessels and idioblasts associated with ray parenchyma, but
<bibRefCitation id="050E4B0CFFA8BE17FCC0F861FB8DF87F" author="Mantzouka, D. &amp; Karakitsios, V. &amp; Sakala, J. &amp; Wheeler, E. A." box="[816,1109,1983,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" pagination="459 - 488" refId="ref24623" refString="Mantzouka, D., Karakitsios, V., Sakala, J. &amp; Wheeler, E. A., 2016. Using idioblasts to group Laurinoxylon species: case study from the Oligo-Miocene of Europe. IAWA Journal, 37 (3): 459 - 488. DOI: 10.1163 / 22941932 - 20160147" type="journal article" year="2016">Mantzouka et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
suspected the presence of idioblasts associated to parenchyma cells and have considered this species as
<taxonomicName id="A69F4D7EFFA8BE17FB87F7DFFADFF7B1" authorityName="Felix" authorityYear="1883" box="[1143,1287,2049,2073]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Laurinoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="53EBEAEFFFA8BE17FB87F7DFFADFF7B1" box="[1143,1287,2049,2073]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Laurinoxylon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of
<typeStatus id="BE24885FFFA8BE17FAC8F7DCFAB7F7B2" box="[1336,1391,2050,2074]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Type</typeStatus>
2a, similar to
<taxonomicName id="A69F4D7EFFA5BE1AFEC1FF6FFD15FF60" authority="Greguss, 1954" authorityName="Greguss" authorityYear="1954" box="[305,717,176,200]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Laurinoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mueller-stollii">
<emphasis id="53EBEAEFFFA5BE1AFEC1FF6FFE23FF60" box="[305,507,176,200]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">L. mueller-stollii</emphasis>
Greguss, 1954
</taxonomicName>
, to
<taxonomicName id="A69F4D7EFFA5BE1AFF67FF0CFE04FF41" authority="Suss, 1956" authorityName="Suss" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,476,209,233]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Laurinoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hasenbergense">
<emphasis id="53EBEAEFFFA5BE1AFF67FF0CFE8AFF41" box="[151,338,209,233]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">L. hasenbergense</emphasis>
Süss, 1956
</taxonomicName>
and to
<taxonomicName id="A69F4D7EFFA5BE1AFDB4FF0CFED4FEA2" authority="Suss, 1956" authorityName="Suss" authorityYear="1956" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Laurinoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microtracheale">
<emphasis id="53EBEAEFFFA5BE1AFDB4FF0CFCDBFF41" box="[580,771,209,233]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">L. microtracheale</emphasis>
Süss, 1956
</taxonomicName>
(see Süss, 1958), all of them as
<taxonomicName id="A69F4D7EFFA5BE1AFD83FF2CFCDBFEA2" authorityName="Felix" authorityYear="1883" box="[627,771,242,266]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Laurinoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="53EBEAEFFFA5BE1AFD83FF2CFCDBFEA2" box="[627,771,242,266]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Laurinoxylon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-
<typeStatus id="BE24885FFFA5BE1AFF57FECAFF06FE84" box="[167,222,276,300]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Type</typeStatus>
2a, (see
<bibRefCitation id="050E4B0CFFA5BE1AFECCFECDFDEBFE83" author="Mantzouka, D. &amp; Karakitsios, V. &amp; Sakala, J. &amp; Wheeler, E. A." box="[316,563,275,299]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" pagination="459 - 488" refId="ref24623" refString="Mantzouka, D., Karakitsios, V., Sakala, J. &amp; Wheeler, E. A., 2016. Using idioblasts to group Laurinoxylon species: case study from the Oligo-Miocene of Europe. IAWA Journal, 37 (3): 459 - 488. DOI: 10.1163 / 22941932 - 20160147" type="journal article" year="2016">Mantzouka et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="35E06675FFA7BE18FF48F852FCD7F7AE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14656077" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14656077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14656077/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" startId="8.[184,223,1932,1956]" targetBox="[183,1397,155,1895]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="612036FDFFA7BE18FF48F852FCD7F7AE" blockId="8.[184,1404,1931,2055]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="53EBEAEFFFA7BE18FF48F852FEDAF80C" bold="true" box="[184,258,1932,1956]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A69F4D7EFFA7BE18FEE9F855FD01F80B" authority="Berger 1953 a" authorityName="Berger, Cinnamomoxylon" authorityYear="1953" box="[281,729,1931,1956]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Laurinoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ehrendorferi">
<emphasis id="53EBEAEFFFA7BE18FEE9F855FDE2F80B" box="[281,570,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">Laurinoxylon ehrendorferi</emphasis>
Berger 1953a
</taxonomicName>
(Specimen Lsv52).
<emphasis id="53EBEAEFFFA7BE18FC4DF852FC35F80C" bold="true" box="[957,1005,1932,1956]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">a–c:</emphasis>
Cross section – semi-ring porosity, distinct growth-rings; idioblasts in axial parenchyma (arrow);
<emphasis id="53EBEAEFFFA7BE18FC8AF873FC70F86D" bold="true" box="[890,936,1965,1989]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">d–f:</emphasis>
Tangential section – alternate pitting on vessels; rays1-3 seriate;
<emphasis id="53EBEAEFFFA7BE18FE4CF810FE3FF84E" bold="true" box="[444,487,1998,2022]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">g–i:</emphasis>
Radial section - heterogeneous rays, with marginal idioblasts; simple and scalariform perforations (vertical arrow).
<emphasis id="53EBEAEFFFA7BE18FE03F831FDBBF7AF" bold="true" box="[499,611,2031,2055]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">photos a-i</emphasis>
(graphic scale).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="35E06675FFA6BE19FF4DF843FCCBF7B0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14656081" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14656081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14656081/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" startId="9.[189,228,1949,1973]" targetBox="[189,1416,154,1907]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="612036FDFFA6BE19FF4DF843FCCBF7B0" blockId="9.[189,1389,1949,2072]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="53EBEAEFFFA6BE19FF4DF843FEDFF81D" bold="true" box="[189,263,1949,1973]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A69F4D7EFFA6BE19FEE2F843FD09F81D" authority="Berger 1953 a" authorityName="Berger, Cinnamomoxylon" authorityYear="1953" box="[274,721,1949,1974]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Laurinoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ehrendorferi">
<emphasis id="53EBEAEFFFA6BE19FEE2F843FDEBF81D" box="[274,563,1949,1973]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">Laurinoxylon ehrendorferi</emphasis>
Berger 1953a
</taxonomicName>
(Specimen Li214).
<emphasis id="53EBEAEFFFA6BE19FC42F843FC06F81D" bold="true" box="[946,990,1949,1973]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">a–c.</emphasis>
Cross section – semi-ring porosity, distinct growth-rings; idioblasts in rays and axial parenchyma (arrows);
<emphasis id="53EBEAEFFFA6BE19FC1CF860FBC0F87E" bold="true" box="[1004,1048,1982,2006]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">d–f.</emphasis>
Tangential section – alternate pitting on vessels; rays1-3 seriate, idioblasts in rays (arrows);
<emphasis id="53EBEAEFFFA6BE19FC81F801FC42F85F" bold="true" box="[881,922,2015,2039]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">g–i.</emphasis>
Radial section - heterogeneous rays, with marginal idioblasts (arrows).
<emphasis id="53EBEAEFFFA6BE19FE07F7DEFDBFF7B0" bold="true" box="[503,615,2048,2072]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">photos a-i</emphasis>
(graphic scale).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="612036FDFFA5BE1AFF67FEEAFEF8FD53" blockId="10.[151,772,176,763]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">
Thus, taking into account the xylotomy of the here studied specimens, with a structure marked by the presence of the typical idioblasts associated with ray parenchyma and with axial parenchyma too (even sometimes this is difficult to observe), and the similarity up to identity with the description of Berger (1953a) and of Mantzouka et al., (2016) for
<taxonomicName id="A69F4D7EFFA5BE1AFE19FE22FD54FDBB" authorityName="Berger, Cinnamomoxylon" authorityYear="1953" box="[489,652,507,531]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Laurinoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ehrendorferi">
<emphasis id="53EBEAEFFFA5BE1AFE19FE22FD54FDBB" box="[489,652,507,531]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">L. ehrendorferi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(otherwise originally described by Berger as collected from Limnos), we assign the here studied specimens to the species
<taxonomicName id="A69F4D7EFFA5BE1AFF67FD80FDB9FDDE" authority="Berger, 1953 a" authorityName="Berger, Cinnamomoxylon" authorityYear="1953" box="[151,609,606,631]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Laurinoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ehrendorferi">
<emphasis id="53EBEAEFFFA5BE1AFF67FD80FE61FDDE" box="[151,441,606,630]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Laurinoxylon ehrendorferi</emphasis>
Berger, 1953a
</taxonomicName>
, as a possible ancestor of the current
<taxonomicName id="A69F4D7EFFA5BE1AFE63FD5EFE05FD3F" box="[403,477,640,663]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Persea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="53EBEAEFFFA5BE1AFE63FD5EFE05FD3F" box="[403,477,640,663]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Persea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectionCode id="078EAE38FFA5BE1AFE15FD5EFE22FD3F" box="[485,506,640,663]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
., a species that probably lived in the Mediterranean region during Cenozoic (see
<bibRefCitation id="050E4B0CFFA5BE1AFF67FD1CFEFBFD72" author="Kopp, L. E." box="[151,291,706,730]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 117" refId="ref24143" refString="Kopp, L. E., 1966. A Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Persea in the Western Hemisphere (Persea- Lauraceae). Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, 14 (1): 1 - 117; ISSN 0077 - 8931" type="journal article" year="1966">Kopp, 1966</bibRefCitation>
; and
<taxonomicName id="A69F4D7EFFA5BE1AFE82FD1CFE6FFD71" box="[370,439,706,729]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Persea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="10" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Persea</taxonomicName>
- Wikipedia - accessed at
<date id="1521103DFFA5BE1AFF67FD3DFECCFD53" box="[151,276,739,763]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" value="2023-10-31">10.31.2023</date>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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