272 lines
33 KiB
XML
272 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.162.55550" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9049e0e-c87a-45c3-a571-3008b0108fce" ID-PMC="PMC7557330" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-162-45" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F6F902318CE951ED8048579E8D3BABF2" ID-PubMed="33110384" ModsDocID="1314-2003-162-45" checkinTime="1602130058990" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Sylvester, Mitsy D. P. V. & Clark, Vincent Ralph" docDate="2020" docId="DD93F5FD94F758D4A874531194B095E3" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 162: 45-69" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 162" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.162.55550" docTitle="Festuca caprina subsp. var. var. caprina var. caprina Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 443. 1841. Festuca nubigena subsp. caprina (Nees) St. - Yves, Rev. Bretonne Bot. Pure Appl. 2: 79. 1927" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="F6F902318CE951ED8048579E8D3BABF2" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="F6F902318CE951ED8048579E8D3BABF2" masterDocTitle="Festuca drakensbergensis (Poaceae): A common new species in the F. caprina complex from the Drakensberg Mountain Centre of Floristic Endemism, southern Africa, with key and notes on taxa in the complex including the overlooked F. exaristata" masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1732710410348" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="6E547AB385A53A9470CF83579E234976">Festuca drakensbergensis (Poaceae): A common new species in the F. caprina complex from the Drakensberg Mountain Centre of Floristic Endemism, southern Africa, with key and notes on taxa in the complex including the overlooked F. exaristata</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5ABB474AF8E343797ED517B81E037DEC">Sylvester, Steven P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7EBE9451695EC838D389B632E28E9998">College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Long Pan Road No. 159, Nanjing, 210037, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="BE89C34F0E204049C08FF2E729F169C9" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5577-8782</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6FA5A9BF8C4ADDDC530246F2FABBEDCD" type="email">steven_sylvester@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="84668E13547E9FF49D83E22579258128">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="71D27A8181B545738613FFCB6EA35879">Soreng, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="98AC7DDD0A7AB7FC7F676FACB74E1548">Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="98A3D1A3EACFFC5D250B928B2368565D" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8358-4915</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="8476085E68CA6C7CBD26D61BFA4189F5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="503AA7FAE7E425ED265EE77E026FB3E0">Sylvester, Mitsy D. P. V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3A312F6D1CE38AB9ED1ECC9F173AE298">College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Long Pan Road No. 159, Nanjing, 210037, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5ADF1C399744974026288C2C7C09FAF5">Clark, Vincent Ralph</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="681BA12E36549680600197484BC31468">Afromontane Research Unit and Department of Geography, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, Phuthaditjhaba, 9866, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1FA303D4B085E5CA4A08472861120BA7" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5058-0742</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="5F262E80F8F5AFA6B0AFD527B1146AE0">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="82C406250633134BF78E0921CB1A07E5">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7D04E839E5C27F0218186201166C05AC">162</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="50B0C7AEF32EA32C2426924403B15D32">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.162.55550</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="37E805DF5BB82B198C6C6D48CEFE90B6" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.162.55550</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="DD93F5FD94F758D4A874531194B095E3" ID-GBIF-Taxon="168243620" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD93F5FD94F758D4A874531194B095E3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD93F5FD94F758D4A874531194B095E3" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" scope_family="Poaceae">
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<subSubSection id="B8AEC923E9D3DFCCAFD505643B938BFA" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="51CE94EA1B209B38CCB90DA1CF667BD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="A3843F581AE1F75F6979AB4A784B9924" ID-CoL="6HRFW" LSID="DD93F5FD-94F7-58D4-A874-531194B095E3" authority="var. caprina Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 443. 1841. Festuca nubigena subsp. caprina (Nees) St. - Yves, Rev. Bretonne Bot. Pure Appl. 2: 79. 1927." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca caprina subsp. var. var. caprina" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="caprina">Festuca caprina var. caprina Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 443. 1841. Festuca nubigena subsp. caprina (Nees) St.-Yves, Rev. Bretonne Bot. Pure Appl. 2: 79. 1927.</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="BED37C2C42C5E91E6E21003A8EF50DD2" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Festuca caprina var. caprina. A Whole plant B abaxial leaf blade surface of tiller C, D spikelet, lateral view. A, B, D of S. P. Sylvester et al. 3492 (US) C of S. P. Sylvester et al. 3492 (PRE)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.162.55550.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/460435" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="B40D33103EE4085D970B08F786AA2828" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Differences in key morphological characters between the species of the Festuca caprina complex in southern Africa." pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Table 1</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C61573F065C8C673306A695DC58555DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="03BA3567613A1158BF574CBFFB12432E" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="73C8CDD1167D5095F41999E44637EB50" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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South Africa. [Eastern Cape:] Table mountain, Queenstown Dev., Los-Tafelberg, 5000-6000 ft [1524-1829 m alt.], [1840], [flowering in December], D.F.
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<normalizedToken id="4342FE0A7AF93EAAB113E664105DE011" originalValue="Drége">Drege</normalizedToken>
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s.n. (lectotype, designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="11B02FE42857CA7B224592524B633251" author="Alexeev, EB" journalOrPublisher="Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad)" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="1109 - 1117" refId="B1" refString="Alexeev, EB, 1986. New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa. Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad) 71 (8): 1109 - 1117" title="New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa." volume="71" year="1986">Alexeev 1986</bibRefCitation>
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: 1115: K (K000345257 [image!]; isolectotypes: K (K000345258 [image!]), LE (LE00009757 [image!]); syntypes: South Africa. Plantes du Cap, Los Tafelberg, 5000-6000 ft [1524-1829 m alt.], 7 Dec 1832, D.F.
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<normalizedToken id="F1E39D99E2DB2C8BC53DFE0A5FBE7C98" originalValue="Drége">Drege</normalizedToken>
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8.e.3920 (P (P00434763 [image!])); [South Africa] Afr. Austr. D.F.
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<normalizedToken id="7BFEB26C14E81837573CA1C3FDBA71C2" originalValue="Drége">Drege</normalizedToken>
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s.n. (L (L1262355 [image!])); South Africa. Los Tafelberg, Dec 1826-1834, D.F.
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<normalizedToken id="D6763BD1117F9B16AFE275DD862CA072" originalValue="Drége">Drege</normalizedToken>
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s.n. (HAL (HAL0106999 [image!))).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DC634EA686E7BEE1C2362F6C1B9804B4" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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=
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<taxonomicName id="5876357A3FEED01B364285EE377E407D" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca caprina subsp. var. var. curvula" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="curvula">Festuca caprina var. curvula</taxonomicName>
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Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 1: 443. 1841. Type: South Africa. [Eastern Cape:] [Monte] Los Tafelberg, an steinigen Oetern, 5000-6000 ft [1524-1829 m alt.], [flowering in December], D.F.
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<normalizedToken id="D191077AFFD2AB66085732738BFF0B4B" originalValue="Drége">Drege</normalizedToken>
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s.n. (lectotype,
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<emphasis id="765488AD33087A7C8DEA707EFCE0D305" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">designated here</emphasis>
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||
: S (S-G-6704 right-hand plant annotated with
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<normalizedToken id="758EE98BD6413BF57D9D36DF90D0FF2D" originalValue="‘b’">'b'</normalizedToken>
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[image!]); syntype: South Africa. Plantes du Cap, D.F.
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<normalizedToken id="2A772D6207A59E0F6DC7B8533E2D7500" originalValue="Drége">Drege</normalizedToken>
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||
8.e.3920? (P (P00434764 [image!])).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="D30323236DB07F370BE3C9689FBB9CCE" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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=
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<taxonomicName id="CF62895A9833EE96932E23F5D42B6A25" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1841" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca costata subsp. var. var. longiseta" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="costata" subSpecies="var." variety="longiseta">Festuca costata var. longiseta</taxonomicName>
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Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 1: 447. 1841. Type: South Africa. [Eastern Cape:] Stockenstrom Division, Katberg, [4000-5000 ft; 1219-1524 m alt.], 1840, D.F.
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<normalizedToken id="41EC2187A53E53D45625F22151DCCC10" originalValue="Drége">Drege</normalizedToken>
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s.n. (lectotype, designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="D3D1EEFAA0364A8268DA332764EF20AB" author="Alexeev, EB" journalOrPublisher="Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad)" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="1109 - 1117" refId="B1" refString="Alexeev, EB, 1986. New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa. Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad) 71 (8): 1109 - 1117" title="New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa." volume="71" year="1986">Alexeev 1986</bibRefCitation>
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: 1115: K (K000345256 [image!]); isolectotype: K (K000345255 [image!])).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="FAE71BB7ACDFD71EA22D4DDCCAFD3556" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.162.55550.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/460435" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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||
<paragraph id="6D16B5C81EC6BFCBAF003B596E6BBF23" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="BCCD01507B9BABC5BF280996CEAC544E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="FE831B72732C9431B0409DD175A14405" authority="var. caprina" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca caprina subsp. var. var. caprina" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="caprina">Festuca caprina var. caprina</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="A0C5F5F94A829D35A900F83F84A93D2E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A</emphasis>
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Whole plant
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<emphasis id="53FFAB33EC5161B800AF292671B8378E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">B</emphasis>
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abaxial leaf blade surface of tiller
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<emphasis id="7A0BD9893E8F6B654CB9503A74987016" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">C, D</emphasis>
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spikelet, lateral view.
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<emphasis id="337EC16BD21DB1A47430CBF2ABBFA371" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A, B, D</emphasis>
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of S.P. Sylvester et al. 3492 (US)
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<emphasis id="D28B229F380C5AB8C9DCD6EC79623093" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">C</emphasis>
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of S.P. Sylvester et al. 3492 (PRE).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="957A7E31C3302CEA312A4CD5198835A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="notes">
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<paragraph id="99AA62B782D5E7B6D98A97FAEC76DAC0" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B2A5FB1EE936DEE548371FC3557191E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<bibRefCitation id="13D33A52A551BDD19FBF9696374D2313" author="Alexeev, EB" journalOrPublisher="Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad)" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="1109 - 1117" refId="B1" refString="Alexeev, EB, 1986. New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa. Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad) 71 (8): 1109 - 1117" title="New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa." volume="71" year="1986">Alexeev (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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separated
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<taxonomicName id="7B90084F9A993261FEF3FD7A781A9D60" lsidName="F. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="caprina">
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<emphasis id="26D4286EB5282D39F3C913E729453446" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. caprina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="45F072318ED3831971DE278AB58F1F69" lsidName="F. macra" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="macra">
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<emphasis id="388765D9CD1A167E10BF2CBB1312C715" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. macra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="EF115BBFEA7CECC3C1F3A62683075BC2" lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. macra" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="macra">F. caprina var. macra</taxonomicName>
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) based, in part, on the basal sheaths being fibrous. However, all type or original material of
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<taxonomicName id="8E8EB3162984BC0F6576BEF014C59F6A" lsidName="F. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="caprina">
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<emphasis id="6AD9719E0ACBB9CD0C21AB4E4F6A6262" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. caprina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, including the lectotype of
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<taxonomicName id="27EF5CA09C2F0F5AF3A6A01B3F8CD852" authority="var. caprina" lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="caprina">F. caprina var. caprina</taxonomicName>
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designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="44833E3A18D3FF7E8EF444928F052D63" author="Alexeev, EB" journalOrPublisher="Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad)" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="1109 - 1117" refId="B1" refString="Alexeev, EB, 1986. New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa. Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad) 71 (8): 1109 - 1117" title="New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa." volume="71" year="1986">Alexeev (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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, had entire, often lustrous, basal sheaths apart from
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<taxonomicName id="F9E537AA2DD4D4DF61C689DCDB020C79" lsidName="subsp. var. var. irrasa" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="irrasa">var. irrasa</taxonomicName>
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, which were obviously fibrous. The protologue mentions basal sheaths to be fibrous and, as such,
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<bibRefCitation id="F5E35C07264F5AF7AB10643F2A293B01" author="Alexeev, EB" journalOrPublisher="Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad)" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="1109 - 1117" refId="B1" refString="Alexeev, EB, 1986. New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa. Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad) 71 (8): 1109 - 1117" title="New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa." volume="71" year="1986">Alexeev (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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may have made an error in his choice of lectotype. Nevertheless, as only the type material of var.
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<taxonomicName id="348866CE78CD69238CB382CF7A5921B0" lsidName="var. irrasa" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" variety="irrasa">irrasa</taxonomicName>
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, which was designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="54203EF07658CF939E75F997F9F91AB1" author="Stapf, O" editor="Thiselton-Dyer, WT" journalOrPublisher="Lovell Reeve & Co. Ltd., London" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="310 - 765" refId="B33" refString="Stapf, O, 1900. Gramineae. In: Thiselton-Dyer, WT, Ed., Flora Capensis, Volume VII, Pontederiaceae to Gramineae. Lovell Reeve & Co. Ltd., London: 310 - 765" title="Gramineae." volumeTitle="Flora Capensis, Volume VII, Pontederiaceae to Gramineae." year="1900">Stapf (1900)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, has fibrous basal sheaths, this also raises questions over the accuracy of the description in the protologue for var.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27193B4724C08950F911966C52A863B8" lsidName="var. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" variety="caprina">caprina</taxonomicName>
|
||
. If we treat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BA3CD586E1EBAFF2B921464BBC2D243A" authority="var. caprina" lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="caprina">F. caprina var. caprina</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the K lectotype and isolectotype designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA0D25CBCABDC0AB85F41FD0825F691C" author="Alexeev, EB" journalOrPublisher="Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad)" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="1109 - 1117" refId="B1" refString="Alexeev, EB, 1986. New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa. Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad) 71 (8): 1109 - 1117" title="New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa." volume="71" year="1986">Alexeev (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
then var.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52829AD9454D28469EFEE07D4CE6E25A" lsidName="var. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" variety="caprina">caprina</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be considered as having entire basal sheaths that do not split into fibres. Oddly, the inflorescences of all var.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F34D1F8B1D055C1BC1CF7378871374E4" lsidName="var. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" variety="caprina">caprina</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens studied had a distinct butter-like smell upon the opening of specimen press papers, which then quickly dissipated. This odour was barely to sometimes slightly susceptible in specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5AB2404DDBE4AF61A9D4168659E4E7E1" lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. macra" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="macra">F. caprina var. macra</taxonomicName>
|
||
or var.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="771693471C928E19A89D349172583170" lsidName="var. irrasa" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" variety="irrasa">irrasa</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEAFFAB6245929210F6E13640FDEEE32" lsidName="F. drakensbergensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="drakensbergensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2A20085E61866B4E9BCA3C13EE8CA30E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. drakensbergensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It remains to be seen whether this character is diagnostic and what phytochemical compounds are involved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9BE8F3EC8DDB2670279E62384F0C90DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="743694AF3F814DED7C74E67486AB2531" authority="var. caprina" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca caprina subsp. var. var. caprina" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="caprina">Festuca caprina var. caprina</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more common at lower elevations in the Drakensberg Mountain Centre (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E3CA16E18A78336EC539527E4D67188F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.05.032" author="Carbutt, C" journalOrPublisher="South African Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="508 - 529" refId="B4" refString="Carbutt, C, 2019. The Drakensberg Mountain Centre: A necessary revision of southern Africa's high-elevation centre of plant endemism. South African Journal of Botany 124: 508 - 529, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.05.032" title="The Drakensberg Mountain Centre: A necessary revision of southern Africa's high-elevation centre of plant endemism." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.05.032" volume="124" year="2019">Carbutt 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and surrounding mountainous habitats of southern Africa and extends from southern Africa to Tanzania. The species appears to prefer more mesic Afro-alpine and Afro-montane grasslands and is outcompeted by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A3A9F47B8143BECB35760C8E0E8CC33" lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. macra" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="macra">F. caprina var. macra</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the drier summit area of the high escarpment in the DMC. Of the 222 2 m
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E4BBCB5DE24FD56028FE4C6FBFB2D48A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2 m plots studied for all vascular plants across the Afro-alpine DMC (Sylvester et al. unpubl. data),
|
||
<emphasis id="3A0020F8870967E7831E6DE384D4993D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E735CF6559CB59F5195CD1805040C936" lsidName="F. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="caprina">F. caprina</taxonomicName>
|
||
var.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9CC69D07923D7CA6B41FC0C4E1A222C" lsidName="var. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" variety="caprina">caprina</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
was rarely encountered, being found in only 13 plots from the Eastern Cape and Free State. The species was usually encountered in lower elevation Afro-montane transitioning to Afro-alpine grasslands at ca. 2500-2700 m alt. or exceptionally at higher elevations to 2981 m alt. in damper shaded sites, highlighting its very low frequency and commonality in the high-elevation xeric Afro-alpine zone of the DMC.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="546FDB68F84040E8A4156146F02B6C6A" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5568B27B2DBC202609DD4862F88C7715" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca caprina subsp. var. var. curvula" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="curvula">Festuca caprina var. curvula</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also herein lectotypified. In the protologue,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C988F62EA743D7670BEDFBD211ACD360" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7585" author="Nees von Esenbeck, CGD" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" refId="B22" refString="Nees von Esenbeck, CGD, 1841. Florae Africae Australioris Illustrationes Monographicae: Gramineae. Palala Press. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7585" title="Florae Africae Australioris Illustrationes Monographicae: Gramineae. Palala Press." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7585" year="1841">Nees von Esenbeck (1841</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 443) only cited a single
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F9800173CB95E778988C845484E4C200" originalValue="Drége">Drege</normalizedToken>
|
||
s.n. collection from monte Los-Tafelberg, 6000 ft (1829 m alt.), which is assumed to be the same type locality as var.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1FE304AB331653ECD960D1B7AD6F8F0" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="var. caprina" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="caprina" variety="caprina">caprina</taxonomicName>
|
||
that was found in Los-Tafelberg of the Eastern Cape Province, near Queenstown.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A7E77CB90E61F2C382777FC3872AB042" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7585" author="Nees von Esenbeck, CGD" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" refId="B22" refString="Nees von Esenbeck, CGD, 1841. Florae Africae Australioris Illustrationes Monographicae: Gramineae. Palala Press. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7585" title="Florae Africae Australioris Illustrationes Monographicae: Gramineae. Palala Press." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7585" year="1841">Nees von Esenbeck (1841</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 443) labelled var.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB9B193E22A9461CD723CF636694DE16" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="var. caprina" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="caprina" variety="caprina">caprina</taxonomicName>
|
||
and var.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="100A51A7360354D7D27FC4715227C34B" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="var. curvula" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="caprina" variety="curvula">curvula</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="54B065A4520F86BB045E7EB089E505E9" originalValue="‘a’">'a'</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="65B7FA5F7DE716748D53952AB9254288" originalValue="‘b’">'b'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, respectively, with the S-G-6704 right hand plant chosen as lectotype based on this matching the protologue information and being the only specimen sheet amongst the original material to be annotated with an
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A01C58B9BB58769453C8DB2E22587EBE" originalValue="‘a’">'a'</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="12C6DF2BB8E4E0710AB70ED99B1A839F" originalValue="‘b’">'b'</normalizedToken>
|
||
in Nees von
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FADB8B243B48EE54D9DDA825CEFCD4D8" originalValue="Esenbeck’s">Esenbeck's</normalizedToken>
|
||
cursive handwriting. The right-hand plant annotated with
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A2DC91C7A0EAFDEF002ABEC71A72053A" originalValue="‘b’">'b'</normalizedToken>
|
||
fitted the protologue description of var.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C3DBD6DF0EA4D7E82FAF5D9EE8BD29E" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="var. curvula" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="caprina" variety="curvula">curvula</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with Nees differentiating the variety based on its shorter height, curved blades and subsecund panicle branches with few purplish spikelets. One specimen amongst the original material, D.F.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="89EA36838BB73242C6FC4D91DD1A4102" originalValue="Drége">Drege</normalizedToken>
|
||
8.e.3920? (P00434764), also had
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A257D05E4DBAB5921E0AB0502950C79E" originalValue="‘Curvula’">'Curvula'</normalizedToken>
|
||
written on the label but limited locality information aside from 'Plantes du
|
||
<normalizedToken id="01DDE3692F49D6ED0E8812BC11E0FB75" originalValue="Cap’">Cap'</normalizedToken>
|
||
and is here considered a syntype of var.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C26E7CFB29849A84CF12E41935534D17" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="var. curvula" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="caprina" variety="curvula">curvula</taxonomicName>
|
||
as it also fits the description given in the protologue. While the differentiating characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7F9E1A7A427F4D9D90C2C1C57A5F917E" lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. curvula" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="curvula">F. caprina var. curvula</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A93CC2BBD80284702EF32FA2E59C32D9" lsidName="F. drakensbergensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="drakensbergensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="3890DC2BB4F25751B0731325E001E20A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. drakensbergensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we deduce that var.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8059292F5DFD49A971CD2DC02B433878" lsidName="var. curvula" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="drakensbergensis" variety="curvula">curvula</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a slight variation from the norm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E6F235C1D58D9973ADB1D0C4C720154" lsidName="F. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="caprina">
|
||
<emphasis id="84292D85DBAAECDC9E3E9A9B010E22FB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. caprina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as neither the type specimens designated herein, nor any of the other original material from the type locality, can be attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87B209BFF78607025928046232F68B98" lsidName="F. drakensbergensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="drakensbergensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2E525ABEBA53F80E2FC12227AD61E177" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. drakensbergensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on their lacking extravaginal branching and cataphyllous shoots as well as having entire lustrous basal sheaths.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B680BF0ABC85598AE1821A82877EA30B" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="80C856BBD57EF54D269054AEA0233BD2" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Selected specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="43898D5F8AABB88A72DBC31B7C25ECD2" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="E53A1E4C87C2136F0EA1D324C847BB4D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">South Africa.</emphasis>
|
||
Eastern Cape: Naudes Nek pass, near Rhodes,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="895DBE2CA0F8114B2CB942A0D9343529" degrees="30.764792" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-30.764791">30.764792S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="738526C14B30964847BFF024165DEF8D" degrees="28.105164" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="28.105164">28.105164E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2588 m alt., Afro-alpine tussock grassland, low rock outcrop, 13 Feb 2020, S.P. Sylvester et al. 3492 (NU, PRE, US); Free State: Witsieshoek, at beginning of Sentinel trail by parking lot, path-side,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A126C21A0421402D3E21BB4674FE7565" degrees="28.733181" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-28.733181">28.733181S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EA8BC5DAFC203EDB24A450EA815107D7" degrees="28.893296" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="28.893295">28.893296E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2607 m alt., 5 Feb 2020, S.P. Sylvester et al. 3418 (US); Free State: Witsieshoek, Sentinel trail, along beginning of trail that leads to the chain ladders that take you up to Amphitheatre, path-side,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6CF859CD9417D17B62489135D4111152" degrees="28.736207" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-28.736206">28.736207S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="792EA32947CE8FDC202D015D9586DCA4" degrees="28.894084" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="28.894085">28.894084E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2693 m alt., 5 Feb 2020, S.P. Sylvester et al. 3416 (US); Free State: Golden Gate National Park, summit of Wodehouse Peak, 14 Jan 1975, R.P. Ellis 2383 (PRE0464133); KwaZulu-Natal: Amphitheatre, slopes near the Tugela waterfall, Afro-alpine grassland,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1EA96EED0DC05D0817D4C139A8025898" degrees="28.750810" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-28.75081">28.750810S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 28.888942 E, 2981 m alt., 5 Feb 2020, S.P. Sylvester et al. 3409a (US); KwaZulu-Natal: Sentinel Trail, off the main trail at the top of an east facing gully ca. 1 km from the chain ladders,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7DF17252C41CB1C85430E7099F0D45BD" degrees="28.743162" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-28.743162">28.743162S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A58235C973A89B633E319138FF85C690" degrees="28.888205" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="28.888205">28.888205E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2953 m alt., shaded Afro-montane grassland grading into Afro-alpine grassland, damp soil, rarely grazed, 6 Mar 2020, S.P. Sylvester et al. 3713 (NU, PRE, US).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |