413 lines
95 KiB
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413 lines
95 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.74.e113955" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2625-8498-74-279" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D0223C15E52E5FA49DC79AEC1DA65F33" ID-ZooBank="C920DCB5053D4DD688923BA74E65C092" ModsDocID="2625-8498-74-279" checkinTime="1711653039096" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fujiwara, Kyoji, Motomura, Hiroyuki, Summers, Adam P. & Conway, Kevin W." docDate="2024" docId="A534A07DC44253AE926CB6D2F83141CD" docLanguage="en" docName="VertZool 74: 279-301" docOrigin="Vertebrate Zoology 74" docPubDate="2024-03-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.74.e113955" docTitle="Discotrema Briggs 1976" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="D0223C15E52E5FA49DC79AEC1DA65F33" lastPageNumber="279" masterDocId="D0223C15E52E5FA49DC79AEC1DA65F33" masterDocTitle="A new generic name for the " Lepadichthys " lineatus complex with a rediagnosis of Discotrema, a senior synonym of Unguitrema, and comments on their phylogenetic relationships (Gobiesocidae: Diademichthyinae)" masterLastPageNumber="301" masterPageNumber="279" pageNumber="279" updateTime="1711653039096" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="958578CA0A159D99E8656C19190FA11B">A new generic name for the " Lepadichthys " lineatus complex with a rediagnosis of Discotrema, a senior synonym of Unguitrema, and comments on their phylogenetic relationships (Gobiesocidae: Diademichthyinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="192487E25BD9C279FD7F634C4C06465F">Fujiwara, Kyoji</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B2D5AC7BC88F7C5D2409AE1B351ED6B0">National Museum of Nature and Science, 4 - 1 - 1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 - 0005, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="04EE340E2BD561000D32CA2D5DD8B38C" type="email">kyojifujiwara627@yahoo.co.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="F4CFAD403DEE64DF5862E42667A478E7">Motomura, Hiroyuki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="245D7EB8933C90A91534A98372096F67" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7448-2482</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="18E3070AFEC7768E4F4F3F56A1071FC2">The Kagoshima University Museum, 1 - 21 - 30 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890 - 0065, Japan & Research Associate, Ichthyology, Australian Museum Research Institute, 1 William Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3CC8613B3D276A56E3CECD56D56919F6">Summers, Adam P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1454D03B3593D0B26601846FFB2E51D5">Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA & Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CA31EB0E70DCBACD88AEBDACAD67DC5A">Conway, Kevin W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F6BF407481F39959B797FC039F5DB6FA">Research Associate, Ichthyology, Australian Museum Research Institute, 1 William Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia & Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology and Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="7A1EF13B61495C870186FDA0E4104A5D">Vertebrate Zoology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="ACFEB13F8AEE73993E0D70CFE7E69184">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AA867152F2904F281DB2C15FBBFFAE0E">2024-03-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A7879F910E18914E739902301CE12F2C">74</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="D1D856FCBF77E0F58ACE2C7340D9A351" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.74.e113955</mods:identifier>
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<subSection id="D0717A96C588AC5F02839D2A85E041A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" type="taxonomy">
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<treatment id="A534A07DC44253AE926CB6D2F83141CD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A534A07DC44253AE926CB6D2F83141CD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A534A07DC44253AE926CB6D2F83141CD" lastPageNumber="279" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">
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<subSubSection id="B321F2BAB4ED936E39414109DB7B5B9A" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="53D0EDCD9CD909873FB88F8F3A6F75F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">
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<taxonomicName id="43C4AFD5661CD79CA9380D3B56ED31D7" ID-CoL="46TY" ID-ENA="420608" LSID="A534A07D-C442-53AE-926C-B6D2F83141CD" authority="Briggs, 1976" authorityName="Briggs" authorityYear="1976" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Discotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discotrema" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Discotrema Briggs, 1976</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="061A1DDCF493D6378176D32F892569C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="1A1ED0B043025C20FB8B6EDFF6AFA600" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">
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<taxonomicName id="07C01F37C5C4331E0782E3FB032BE6F3" authorityName="Briggs" authorityYear="1976" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Discotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discotrema" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Discotrema</taxonomicName>
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Briggs, 1976: 339 (type species:
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<taxonomicName id="D11DF0A48A4FB868395FAEEEEDCFEB3C" authorityName="Briggs" authorityYear="1976" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Discotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discotrema crinophilum" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crinophilum">Discotrema crinophilum</taxonomicName>
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Briggs, 1976, by original designation, monotypic)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="83914024B751DBB86A2E3188A5594D56" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">
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<taxonomicName id="340024AEE03056631D0986819BF344B5" authorityName="Fricke" authorityYear="2014" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Unguitrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Unguitrema" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Unguitrema</taxonomicName>
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Fricke, 2014: 36 (type species:
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<taxonomicName id="DCCB90CE79B74C74A6441D1F8841CE0F" authorityName="Frivke" authorityYear="2014" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Unguitrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Unguitrema nigrum" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrum">Unguitrema nigrum</taxonomicName>
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Fricke, 2014, by original designation, monotypic)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="70C834301269015C8BB5C56A74801A53" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" type="type species">
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<paragraph id="BFB0BF86A1CBDFA1F59AD6177745E577" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1E396197F8BAAC0BBDD86006AB75B829" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">
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<taxonomicName id="5DCFABE6AA13168233591ABECC8B7C3E" authorityName="Briggs" authorityYear="1976" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Discotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discotrema crinophilum" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crinophilum">
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<emphasis id="C39CDCCD8B427C07871614148E3BF8CD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Discotrema crinophilum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Briggs, 1976 (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="737AF1753778DC4936D4BF5E5A31FDDC" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs of preserved holotypes of A - D Unguitrema nigrum (NTUM 10603, 11.1 mm SL); D close-up of surface features of adhesive disc; E - G Discotrema crinophilum (USNM 215329, 22.1 mm SL). A, E dorsal views; B, F lateral views; C, D, G ventral views." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011378" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">10E-G</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="00E24FB3E96211656B2BD78EA25C30BD" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" type="revised diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="5FAF965E9C751FC786E8F732ECAA274B" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Revised diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0A3E6EE39DB207E622BED333F989B3D2" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">
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A genus of the
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<taxonomicName id="8F56A3CC05CF8067BC1F5C96FE7D10F5" family="Gobiesocidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gobiesocidae</taxonomicName>
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belonging to the
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<taxonomicName id="07BF0BE5158764AFCF1CC2D1D67E8539" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diademichthyinae">Diademichthyinae</taxonomicName>
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and distinguished from all other genera by the following unique characters: a well-developed lateral process on pterotic immediately posterior to exit of otic canal (Figs
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<figureCitation id="84A817A7E7051F5C8FF79FDC4D093588" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. CT scanned anterior skeleton, including cranium, paired-fin girdles, and abdominal region of vertebral column, of Discotrema monogrammum (BPBM 40504, 16.4 mm SL). A dorsal view; B lateral view; C ventral view. Abbreviations: ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Ana, angulo-articular; Apa, autopalatine; Bh, basihyal; Boc, basioccipital; Bp, basipterygium; BR, branchiostegal rays; Cb, ceratobranchials; Cl, cleithrum; CoPr, coronoid process; Cor, coracoid; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; Dn, dentary; DPcl, dorsal postcleithrum; Ect, ectopterygoid; EpC, epicentral; Epoc, epiotic; Exoc, exoccipital; Fr, frontal; Hy, hyomandibular; I, pelvic-fin spine; Ih, interhyal; Iop, interopercle; La, lachrymal; LE, lateral ethmoid; M, mesethmoid; Mx, maxilla; Na, nasal; NS 1, 5, neural spine of vertebral centrum 1, 5; Op, opercle; Pa, parietal; PbTP 3, pharyngobranchial 3 toothplate; PCh, posterior ceratohyal; PecFR, pectoral-fin rays; PecR, pectoral radials; PelR, pelvic-fin soft rays; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Pro, prootic; Psph, parasphenoid; Pt, posttemporal; Pte, pterotic; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; Ri, ribs; Sc, scapula; Scl, supracleithrum; Soc, supraoccipital; Sop, subopercle; Sph, sphenotic; Sym, symplectic; Ur, urohyal; V 1, vertebral centrum 1; Vo, vomer; VPcl (a), ventral postcleithrum (anterior); VPcl (p), ventral postcleithrum (posterior)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011379" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">11A, B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="7EF0793C1915432610ACC9E4C9AEB1D1" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Neurocranium of Discotrema crinophilum (ROM 85350, 25.4 mm SL). A dorsal view; B lateral view; C ventral view. Abbreviations: Boc, basioccipital; EC, epiphyseal commissure of supraorbital canal; EpC, epicentral; Epoc, epiotic; Exoc, exoccipital; Fr, frontal; La, lachrymal; LE, lateral ethmoid; M, mesethmoid; Na, nasal; NS 1, neural spine of vertebral centrum 1; OC, otic canal; Pa, parietal; Pro, prootic; Psph, parasphenoid; Pte, pterotic; SC, supraorbital canal; Soc, supraoccipital; Sph, sphenotic; V 1, vertebral centrum 1; Vo, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011380" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">12</figureCitation>
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); upper pharyngeal teeth arranged in a single row along posteroventral edge of pharyngobranchial 3 toothplate, with tooth tips directed posteriorly (Figs
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<figureCitation id="102D73207AEA189911660AF69124175E" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. CT scanned anterior skeleton, including cranium, paired-fin girdles, and abdominal region of vertebral column, of Discotrema monogrammum (BPBM 40504, 16.4 mm SL). A dorsal view; B lateral view; C ventral view. Abbreviations: ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Ana, angulo-articular; Apa, autopalatine; Bh, basihyal; Boc, basioccipital; Bp, basipterygium; BR, branchiostegal rays; Cb, ceratobranchials; Cl, cleithrum; CoPr, coronoid process; Cor, coracoid; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; Dn, dentary; DPcl, dorsal postcleithrum; Ect, ectopterygoid; EpC, epicentral; Epoc, epiotic; Exoc, exoccipital; Fr, frontal; Hy, hyomandibular; I, pelvic-fin spine; Ih, interhyal; Iop, interopercle; La, lachrymal; LE, lateral ethmoid; M, mesethmoid; Mx, maxilla; Na, nasal; NS 1, 5, neural spine of vertebral centrum 1, 5; Op, opercle; Pa, parietal; PbTP 3, pharyngobranchial 3 toothplate; PCh, posterior ceratohyal; PecFR, pectoral-fin rays; PecR, pectoral radials; PelR, pelvic-fin soft rays; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Pro, prootic; Psph, parasphenoid; Pt, posttemporal; Pte, pterotic; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; Ri, ribs; Sc, scapula; Scl, supracleithrum; Soc, supraoccipital; Sop, subopercle; Sph, sphenotic; Sym, symplectic; Ur, urohyal; V 1, vertebral centrum 1; Vo, vomer; VPcl (a), ventral postcleithrum (anterior); VPcl (p), ventral postcleithrum (posterior)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011379" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">11C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="074851114112F26BCF52E6133B1549BD" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Viscerocranium of Discotrema crinophilum (ROM 85350, 25.4 mm SL mm SL). A Hyopalatine arch and opercular series (right side) in lateral view (image reversed), outline of preopercle, opercle, and subopercle highlighted by thin black line, posterior process of hyomandibular indicted by black asterisk (*); B articulation between hyomandibular and pterotic (left side) in ventral view, ligament between posterior process of hyomandibular (*) and hyomandibular process of pterotic indicted by double arrow head; C close-up of posterior teeth on premaxilla (left side) in lateral view; D lower gill-arch elements in dorsal view; E upper gill-arch elements (right side) in dorsal view; F close-up of PbTP 3 (right side) in ventral view (image reversed); G close-up of Cb 5 (right side) in dorsal view; H close up of gill rakers on posterior edge of ceratobranchials 1 and 2 (right side) in dorsal view; I hyoid bar (left side) in lateral view and urohyal. Abbreviations: AC, acrodin cap; ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Ana, angulo-articular; Apa, autopalatine; Bb 2 - 4, basibranchial 2 - 4; Bh, basihyal; BR, branchiostegal rays; Cb 1 - 5, ceratobranchial 1 - 5; CoPr, coronoid process; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; Dn, dentary; Eb 1 - 4, epibranchial 1 - 4; Ect, ectopterygoid; GR, gill rakers; Hb 1 - 3, hypobranchial 1 - 3; Hy, hyomandibular; Ih, interhyal; Iop, interopercle; MC, meckel's cartilage; Mx, maxilla; Op, opercle; PbTP 3, pharyngobranchial 3 toothplate; PCh, posterior ceratohyal; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Pte, pterotic; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; RT, replacement teeth; Sph, sphenotic; Sop, subopercle; Sym, symplectic; Ur, urohyal." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011381" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">13E, F</figureCitation>
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); a deep cavity at center of disc region C (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="A79FF587FAFAEFB77C25D161B2EE3E08" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Surface features of the adhesive disc (A KAUM-I 153217, 29.4 mm SL, weak cyanine stain) and internal supporting skeleton of paired-fin girdles (B - E ROM 85350, 25.4 mm SL) of Discotrema crinophilum. B Pelvic disc supporting skeleton, including elements of pelvic- and pectoral-fin girdle in ventral view (anterior to top of page), outline of pelvic-fin spine and rays highlighted by thin white-dashed line; C close up of pelvic-fin ray 1, showing expanded anterior edge ventral to enlarged hardened papillae (outline show in thin white-dashed line); D ventral postcleithrum and surrounding elements (right side) in dorsal view (anterior to top of page); E dissected ventral postcleithrum (left side) in dorsal view (anterior to top of page). Abbreviations: A-C disc region A-C; AO, accessory ossicle; Bp, basipterygium; Cl, cleithrum; DPcl, dorsal postcleithrum; I, pelvic-fin spine; PcLFi, postcleithral fimbrae; PecFR, pectoral-fin rays; PelR 1 - 4, pelvic-fin soft ray 1 - 4; PRC, pelvic radial cartilage; VPcl (a), ventral postcleithrum (anterior); VPcl (p), ventral postcleithrum (posterior)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011382" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">14A</figureCitation>
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); disc papillae heterogeneous, including small, flattened papillae with a roughly hexagonal or circular outline around outer margin of disc and larger, circular papillae with a hardened (potentially keratinized) cap, with a raised, dome-like surface (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="89862D388556792CEF2F149D669103B1" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Surface features of the adhesive disc (A KAUM-I 153217, 29.4 mm SL, weak cyanine stain) and internal supporting skeleton of paired-fin girdles (B - E ROM 85350, 25.4 mm SL) of Discotrema crinophilum. B Pelvic disc supporting skeleton, including elements of pelvic- and pectoral-fin girdle in ventral view (anterior to top of page), outline of pelvic-fin spine and rays highlighted by thin white-dashed line; C close up of pelvic-fin ray 1, showing expanded anterior edge ventral to enlarged hardened papillae (outline show in thin white-dashed line); D ventral postcleithrum and surrounding elements (right side) in dorsal view (anterior to top of page); E dissected ventral postcleithrum (left side) in dorsal view (anterior to top of page). Abbreviations: A-C disc region A-C; AO, accessory ossicle; Bp, basipterygium; Cl, cleithrum; DPcl, dorsal postcleithrum; I, pelvic-fin spine; PcLFi, postcleithral fimbrae; PecFR, pectoral-fin rays; PelR 1 - 4, pelvic-fin soft ray 1 - 4; PRC, pelvic radial cartilage; VPcl (a), ventral postcleithrum (anterior); VPcl (p), ventral postcleithrum (posterior)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011382" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">14A</figureCitation>
|
||
); three paired and one median cluster of small papillae (reminiscent of bunches of grapes) across adhesive disc (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="125AE63E0310BE69BF897243F068EA27" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Surface features of the adhesive disc (A KAUM-I 153217, 29.4 mm SL, weak cyanine stain) and internal supporting skeleton of paired-fin girdles (B - E ROM 85350, 25.4 mm SL) of Discotrema crinophilum. B Pelvic disc supporting skeleton, including elements of pelvic- and pectoral-fin girdle in ventral view (anterior to top of page), outline of pelvic-fin spine and rays highlighted by thin white-dashed line; C close up of pelvic-fin ray 1, showing expanded anterior edge ventral to enlarged hardened papillae (outline show in thin white-dashed line); D ventral postcleithrum and surrounding elements (right side) in dorsal view (anterior to top of page); E dissected ventral postcleithrum (left side) in dorsal view (anterior to top of page). Abbreviations: A-C disc region A-C; AO, accessory ossicle; Bp, basipterygium; Cl, cleithrum; DPcl, dorsal postcleithrum; I, pelvic-fin spine; PcLFi, postcleithral fimbrae; PecFR, pectoral-fin rays; PelR 1 - 4, pelvic-fin soft ray 1 - 4; PRC, pelvic radial cartilage; VPcl (a), ventral postcleithrum (anterior); VPcl (p), ventral postcleithrum (posterior)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011382" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">14A</figureCitation>
|
||
); ventral postcleithrum divided into an anterior and posterior element, separated via a specialized joint (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="9313E0941ECCE6F59AFBA92E6485FBF0" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. CT scanned anterior skeleton, including cranium, paired-fin girdles, and abdominal region of vertebral column, of Discotrema monogrammum (BPBM 40504, 16.4 mm SL). A dorsal view; B lateral view; C ventral view. Abbreviations: ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Ana, angulo-articular; Apa, autopalatine; Bh, basihyal; Boc, basioccipital; Bp, basipterygium; BR, branchiostegal rays; Cb, ceratobranchials; Cl, cleithrum; CoPr, coronoid process; Cor, coracoid; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; Dn, dentary; DPcl, dorsal postcleithrum; Ect, ectopterygoid; EpC, epicentral; Epoc, epiotic; Exoc, exoccipital; Fr, frontal; Hy, hyomandibular; I, pelvic-fin spine; Ih, interhyal; Iop, interopercle; La, lachrymal; LE, lateral ethmoid; M, mesethmoid; Mx, maxilla; Na, nasal; NS 1, 5, neural spine of vertebral centrum 1, 5; Op, opercle; Pa, parietal; PbTP 3, pharyngobranchial 3 toothplate; PCh, posterior ceratohyal; PecFR, pectoral-fin rays; PecR, pectoral radials; PelR, pelvic-fin soft rays; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Pro, prootic; Psph, parasphenoid; Pt, posttemporal; Pte, pterotic; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; Ri, ribs; Sc, scapula; Scl, supracleithrum; Soc, supraoccipital; Sop, subopercle; Sph, sphenotic; Sym, symplectic; Ur, urohyal; V 1, vertebral centrum 1; Vo, vomer; VPcl (a), ventral postcleithrum (anterior); VPcl (p), ventral postcleithrum (posterior)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011379" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">11C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F87BFB55C2FE68AD44B12A7018FC7FE" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Surface features of the adhesive disc (A KAUM-I 153217, 29.4 mm SL, weak cyanine stain) and internal supporting skeleton of paired-fin girdles (B - E ROM 85350, 25.4 mm SL) of Discotrema crinophilum. B Pelvic disc supporting skeleton, including elements of pelvic- and pectoral-fin girdle in ventral view (anterior to top of page), outline of pelvic-fin spine and rays highlighted by thin white-dashed line; C close up of pelvic-fin ray 1, showing expanded anterior edge ventral to enlarged hardened papillae (outline show in thin white-dashed line); D ventral postcleithrum and surrounding elements (right side) in dorsal view (anterior to top of page); E dissected ventral postcleithrum (left side) in dorsal view (anterior to top of page). Abbreviations: A-C disc region A-C; AO, accessory ossicle; Bp, basipterygium; Cl, cleithrum; DPcl, dorsal postcleithrum; I, pelvic-fin spine; PcLFi, postcleithral fimbrae; PecFR, pectoral-fin rays; PelR 1 - 4, pelvic-fin soft ray 1 - 4; PRC, pelvic radial cartilage; VPcl (a), ventral postcleithrum (anterior); VPcl (p), ventral postcleithrum (posterior)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011382" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">14B, D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0BB5BF8F2D66689CF31B5F3887B0FA5C" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">
|
||
The following characters are also diagnostic, although not unique to the genus (details discussed in "Relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BF204DAAE6A776A49B196E0F16A1B5C7" authorityName="Fujiwara & Motomura & Summers & Conway" authorityYear="2024" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Rhinolepadichthys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolepadichthys" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FD8B12CD6A6135E8686BAAAE0CC957E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Rhinolepadichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B202C386BEC2ACACD5D017A79506CC87" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">gen. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07794E3A595292DC454EA2F139CC4B4F" authorityName="Briggs" authorityYear="1976" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Discotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discotrema" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2A5AAC3333958F8B6B20E832801F125F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Discotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" [mostly same as those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8988F9C94F10741F36AECB68B1EC165" authorityName="Fujiwara & Motomura & Summers & Conway" authorityYear="2024" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Rhinolepadichthys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolepadichthys" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7C0829214E9DE25DA363F2E86F15DB4A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Rhinolepadichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="FD60B99D44C23441D62BEA313B2185BA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">gen. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
; see below]): snout tip well extended, distinctly beyond tip of lower jaw (more pronounced in specimens smaller than ca. 25 mm SL) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1321DF8789A216B191E71389A0489176" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Heads of Discotrema crinophilum. A - C KAUM-I. 145201, 25.9 mm SL (cyanine stain); D - F WAM P. 26100 - 009, 1 of 6 specimens, 22.2 mm SL (line drawing). A, D dorsal views; B right side in lateral view (image reversed); E left side in lateral view; C, F ventral views. Abbreviations: AN, anterior nostril; LC 1 - 2, lachrymal canal pores; NC 1 - 2, nasal canal pores; PN, posterior nostril; PO 1 - 2 postorbital canal pores. Black asterisks (*) indicates superficial neuromasts." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011383" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">15B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
); upper lip fused with skin of snout, usually lacking a distinct groove between lip margin and snout, if present, groove very weak, restricted to posterior portion of upper jaw only (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="383DC0525FFCED8ADD515CABA0062264" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Heads of Discotrema crinophilum. A - C KAUM-I. 145201, 25.9 mm SL (cyanine stain); D - F WAM P. 26100 - 009, 1 of 6 specimens, 22.2 mm SL (line drawing). A, D dorsal views; B right side in lateral view (image reversed); E left side in lateral view; C, F ventral views. Abbreviations: AN, anterior nostril; LC 1 - 2, lachrymal canal pores; NC 1 - 2, nasal canal pores; PN, posterior nostril; PO 1 - 2 postorbital canal pores. Black asterisks (*) indicates superficial neuromasts." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011383" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">15A, B, D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
); anterior part of lower lip without skin lobes and fused with skin of gular area (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="505BA65D1AEAF91187E72A797DAF9118" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Heads of Discotrema crinophilum. A - C KAUM-I. 145201, 25.9 mm SL (cyanine stain); D - F WAM P. 26100 - 009, 1 of 6 specimens, 22.2 mm SL (line drawing). A, D dorsal views; B right side in lateral view (image reversed); E left side in lateral view; C, F ventral views. Abbreviations: AN, anterior nostril; LC 1 - 2, lachrymal canal pores; NC 1 - 2, nasal canal pores; PN, posterior nostril; PO 1 - 2 postorbital canal pores. Black asterisks (*) indicates superficial neuromasts." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011383" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">15C, F</figureCitation>
|
||
); upper-jaw teeth only weakly hooked, with tip of crown blunt or rounded (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="9AED6B5F62330D388B8A23DD46D14905" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. CT scanned anterior skeleton, including cranium, paired-fin girdles, and abdominal region of vertebral column, of Discotrema monogrammum (BPBM 40504, 16.4 mm SL). A dorsal view; B lateral view; C ventral view. Abbreviations: ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Ana, angulo-articular; Apa, autopalatine; Bh, basihyal; Boc, basioccipital; Bp, basipterygium; BR, branchiostegal rays; Cb, ceratobranchials; Cl, cleithrum; CoPr, coronoid process; Cor, coracoid; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; Dn, dentary; DPcl, dorsal postcleithrum; Ect, ectopterygoid; EpC, epicentral; Epoc, epiotic; Exoc, exoccipital; Fr, frontal; Hy, hyomandibular; I, pelvic-fin spine; Ih, interhyal; Iop, interopercle; La, lachrymal; LE, lateral ethmoid; M, mesethmoid; Mx, maxilla; Na, nasal; NS 1, 5, neural spine of vertebral centrum 1, 5; Op, opercle; Pa, parietal; PbTP 3, pharyngobranchial 3 toothplate; PCh, posterior ceratohyal; PecFR, pectoral-fin rays; PecR, pectoral radials; PelR, pelvic-fin soft rays; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Pro, prootic; Psph, parasphenoid; Pt, posttemporal; Pte, pterotic; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; Ri, ribs; Sc, scapula; Scl, supracleithrum; Soc, supraoccipital; Sop, subopercle; Sph, sphenotic; Sym, symplectic; Ur, urohyal; V 1, vertebral centrum 1; Vo, vomer; VPcl (a), ventral postcleithrum (anterior); VPcl (p), ventral postcleithrum (posterior)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011379" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">11B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="BE12505E48A835DC45B7992A434853E6" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Viscerocranium of Discotrema crinophilum (ROM 85350, 25.4 mm SL mm SL). A Hyopalatine arch and opercular series (right side) in lateral view (image reversed), outline of preopercle, opercle, and subopercle highlighted by thin black line, posterior process of hyomandibular indicted by black asterisk (*); B articulation between hyomandibular and pterotic (left side) in ventral view, ligament between posterior process of hyomandibular (*) and hyomandibular process of pterotic indicted by double arrow head; C close-up of posterior teeth on premaxilla (left side) in lateral view; D lower gill-arch elements in dorsal view; E upper gill-arch elements (right side) in dorsal view; F close-up of PbTP 3 (right side) in ventral view (image reversed); G close-up of Cb 5 (right side) in dorsal view; H close up of gill rakers on posterior edge of ceratobranchials 1 and 2 (right side) in dorsal view; I hyoid bar (left side) in lateral view and urohyal. Abbreviations: AC, acrodin cap; ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Ana, angulo-articular; Apa, autopalatine; Bb 2 - 4, basibranchial 2 - 4; Bh, basihyal; BR, branchiostegal rays; Cb 1 - 5, ceratobranchial 1 - 5; CoPr, coronoid process; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; Dn, dentary; Eb 1 - 4, epibranchial 1 - 4; Ect, ectopterygoid; GR, gill rakers; Hb 1 - 3, hypobranchial 1 - 3; Hy, hyomandibular; Ih, interhyal; Iop, interopercle; MC, meckel's cartilage; Mx, maxilla; Op, opercle; PbTP 3, pharyngobranchial 3 toothplate; PCh, posterior ceratohyal; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Pte, pterotic; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; RT, replacement teeth; Sph, sphenotic; Sop, subopercle; Sym, symplectic; Ur, urohyal." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011381" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">13A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
); medial edge of premaxilla very weakly concave, forming indistinct, narrow oval opening anteriorly in dorsal view between premaxillae (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="BCD01583961EB792E224ACDFD637BCF3" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. CT scanned anterior skeleton, including cranium, paired-fin girdles, and abdominal region of vertebral column, of Discotrema monogrammum (BPBM 40504, 16.4 mm SL). A dorsal view; B lateral view; C ventral view. Abbreviations: ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Ana, angulo-articular; Apa, autopalatine; Bh, basihyal; Boc, basioccipital; Bp, basipterygium; BR, branchiostegal rays; Cb, ceratobranchials; Cl, cleithrum; CoPr, coronoid process; Cor, coracoid; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; Dn, dentary; DPcl, dorsal postcleithrum; Ect, ectopterygoid; EpC, epicentral; Epoc, epiotic; Exoc, exoccipital; Fr, frontal; Hy, hyomandibular; I, pelvic-fin spine; Ih, interhyal; Iop, interopercle; La, lachrymal; LE, lateral ethmoid; M, mesethmoid; Mx, maxilla; Na, nasal; NS 1, 5, neural spine of vertebral centrum 1, 5; Op, opercle; Pa, parietal; PbTP 3, pharyngobranchial 3 toothplate; PCh, posterior ceratohyal; PecFR, pectoral-fin rays; PecR, pectoral radials; PelR, pelvic-fin soft rays; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Pro, prootic; Psph, parasphenoid; Pt, posttemporal; Pte, pterotic; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; Ri, ribs; Sc, scapula; Scl, supracleithrum; Soc, supraoccipital; Sop, subopercle; Sph, sphenotic; Sym, symplectic; Ur, urohyal; V 1, vertebral centrum 1; Vo, vomer; VPcl (a), ventral postcleithrum (anterior); VPcl (p), ventral postcleithrum (posterior)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011379" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">11A</figureCitation>
|
||
); gill membrane attached to isthmus; gill rakers present only on posterior edge on ceratobranchials 1-3 (absent from anterior edge of ceratobranchial 1-3, and from ceratobranchial 4) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="989544591FF645808B55788020907965" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Viscerocranium of Discotrema crinophilum (ROM 85350, 25.4 mm SL mm SL). A Hyopalatine arch and opercular series (right side) in lateral view (image reversed), outline of preopercle, opercle, and subopercle highlighted by thin black line, posterior process of hyomandibular indicted by black asterisk (*); B articulation between hyomandibular and pterotic (left side) in ventral view, ligament between posterior process of hyomandibular (*) and hyomandibular process of pterotic indicted by double arrow head; C close-up of posterior teeth on premaxilla (left side) in lateral view; D lower gill-arch elements in dorsal view; E upper gill-arch elements (right side) in dorsal view; F close-up of PbTP 3 (right side) in ventral view (image reversed); G close-up of Cb 5 (right side) in dorsal view; H close up of gill rakers on posterior edge of ceratobranchials 1 and 2 (right side) in dorsal view; I hyoid bar (left side) in lateral view and urohyal. Abbreviations: AC, acrodin cap; ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Ana, angulo-articular; Apa, autopalatine; Bb 2 - 4, basibranchial 2 - 4; Bh, basihyal; BR, branchiostegal rays; Cb 1 - 5, ceratobranchial 1 - 5; CoPr, coronoid process; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; Dn, dentary; Eb 1 - 4, epibranchial 1 - 4; Ect, ectopterygoid; GR, gill rakers; Hb 1 - 3, hypobranchial 1 - 3; Hy, hyomandibular; Ih, interhyal; Iop, interopercle; MC, meckel's cartilage; Mx, maxilla; Op, opercle; PbTP 3, pharyngobranchial 3 toothplate; PCh, posterior ceratohyal; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Pte, pterotic; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; RT, replacement teeth; Sph, sphenotic; Sop, subopercle; Sym, symplectic; Ur, urohyal." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011381" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">13D</figureCitation>
|
||
); ceratobranchial 5 edentulous (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1349165B07620ED3CEA3E946F01E42A" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Viscerocranium of Discotrema crinophilum (ROM 85350, 25.4 mm SL mm SL). A Hyopalatine arch and opercular series (right side) in lateral view (image reversed), outline of preopercle, opercle, and subopercle highlighted by thin black line, posterior process of hyomandibular indicted by black asterisk (*); B articulation between hyomandibular and pterotic (left side) in ventral view, ligament between posterior process of hyomandibular (*) and hyomandibular process of pterotic indicted by double arrow head; C close-up of posterior teeth on premaxilla (left side) in lateral view; D lower gill-arch elements in dorsal view; E upper gill-arch elements (right side) in dorsal view; F close-up of PbTP 3 (right side) in ventral view (image reversed); G close-up of Cb 5 (right side) in dorsal view; H close up of gill rakers on posterior edge of ceratobranchials 1 and 2 (right side) in dorsal view; I hyoid bar (left side) in lateral view and urohyal. Abbreviations: AC, acrodin cap; ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Ana, angulo-articular; Apa, autopalatine; Bb 2 - 4, basibranchial 2 - 4; Bh, basihyal; BR, branchiostegal rays; Cb 1 - 5, ceratobranchial 1 - 5; CoPr, coronoid process; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; Dn, dentary; Eb 1 - 4, epibranchial 1 - 4; Ect, ectopterygoid; GR, gill rakers; Hb 1 - 3, hypobranchial 1 - 3; Hy, hyomandibular; Ih, interhyal; Iop, interopercle; MC, meckel's cartilage; Mx, maxilla; Op, opercle; PbTP 3, pharyngobranchial 3 toothplate; PCh, posterior ceratohyal; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Pte, pterotic; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; RT, replacement teeth; Sph, sphenotic; Sop, subopercle; Sym, symplectic; Ur, urohyal." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011381" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">13D, G</figureCitation>
|
||
); preopercle without lateral-line canal and associated pores (PR1-3) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="71B234340A6FFB7402C018FE1E5802D2" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Heads of Discotrema crinophilum. A - C KAUM-I. 145201, 25.9 mm SL (cyanine stain); D - F WAM P. 26100 - 009, 1 of 6 specimens, 22.2 mm SL (line drawing). A, D dorsal views; B right side in lateral view (image reversed); E left side in lateral view; C, F ventral views. Abbreviations: AN, anterior nostril; LC 1 - 2, lachrymal canal pores; NC 1 - 2, nasal canal pores; PN, posterior nostril; PO 1 - 2 postorbital canal pores. Black asterisks (*) indicates superficial neuromasts." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011383" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">15</figureCitation>
|
||
); single adhesive disc (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="7B9C17430BDAE11F071F793B2AC4BA03" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Surface features of the adhesive disc (A KAUM-I 153217, 29.4 mm SL, weak cyanine stain) and internal supporting skeleton of paired-fin girdles (B - E ROM 85350, 25.4 mm SL) of Discotrema crinophilum. B Pelvic disc supporting skeleton, including elements of pelvic- and pectoral-fin girdle in ventral view (anterior to top of page), outline of pelvic-fin spine and rays highlighted by thin white-dashed line; C close up of pelvic-fin ray 1, showing expanded anterior edge ventral to enlarged hardened papillae (outline show in thin white-dashed line); D ventral postcleithrum and surrounding elements (right side) in dorsal view (anterior to top of page); E dissected ventral postcleithrum (left side) in dorsal view (anterior to top of page). Abbreviations: A-C disc region A-C; AO, accessory ossicle; Bp, basipterygium; Cl, cleithrum; DPcl, dorsal postcleithrum; I, pelvic-fin spine; PcLFi, postcleithral fimbrae; PecFR, pectoral-fin rays; PelR 1 - 4, pelvic-fin soft ray 1 - 4; PRC, pelvic radial cartilage; VPcl (a), ventral postcleithrum (anterior); VPcl (p), ventral postcleithrum (posterior)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011382" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">14A</figureCitation>
|
||
); anterolateral part of ventral postcleithrum extended anteriorly as a well-developed rod-like process, its tip close to base of pelvic-fin soft ray 4 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="4DD3CB66CF8223C4117F3E480F87D01B" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. CT scanned anterior skeleton, including cranium, paired-fin girdles, and abdominal region of vertebral column, of Discotrema monogrammum (BPBM 40504, 16.4 mm SL). A dorsal view; B lateral view; C ventral view. Abbreviations: ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Ana, angulo-articular; Apa, autopalatine; Bh, basihyal; Boc, basioccipital; Bp, basipterygium; BR, branchiostegal rays; Cb, ceratobranchials; Cl, cleithrum; CoPr, coronoid process; Cor, coracoid; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; Dn, dentary; DPcl, dorsal postcleithrum; Ect, ectopterygoid; EpC, epicentral; Epoc, epiotic; Exoc, exoccipital; Fr, frontal; Hy, hyomandibular; I, pelvic-fin spine; Ih, interhyal; Iop, interopercle; La, lachrymal; LE, lateral ethmoid; M, mesethmoid; Mx, maxilla; Na, nasal; NS 1, 5, neural spine of vertebral centrum 1, 5; Op, opercle; Pa, parietal; PbTP 3, pharyngobranchial 3 toothplate; PCh, posterior ceratohyal; PecFR, pectoral-fin rays; PecR, pectoral radials; PelR, pelvic-fin soft rays; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Pro, prootic; Psph, parasphenoid; Pt, posttemporal; Pte, pterotic; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; Ri, ribs; Sc, scapula; Scl, supracleithrum; Soc, supraoccipital; Sop, subopercle; Sph, sphenotic; Sym, symplectic; Ur, urohyal; V 1, vertebral centrum 1; Vo, vomer; VPcl (a), ventral postcleithrum (anterior); VPcl (p), ventral postcleithrum (posterior)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011379" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">11C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="56EC3C84F2CF3D6DFEC21A25F5EC1CAE" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Surface features of the adhesive disc (A KAUM-I 153217, 29.4 mm SL, weak cyanine stain) and internal supporting skeleton of paired-fin girdles (B - E ROM 85350, 25.4 mm SL) of Discotrema crinophilum. B Pelvic disc supporting skeleton, including elements of pelvic- and pectoral-fin girdle in ventral view (anterior to top of page), outline of pelvic-fin spine and rays highlighted by thin white-dashed line; C close up of pelvic-fin ray 1, showing expanded anterior edge ventral to enlarged hardened papillae (outline show in thin white-dashed line); D ventral postcleithrum and surrounding elements (right side) in dorsal view (anterior to top of page); E dissected ventral postcleithrum (left side) in dorsal view (anterior to top of page). Abbreviations: A-C disc region A-C; AO, accessory ossicle; Bp, basipterygium; Cl, cleithrum; DPcl, dorsal postcleithrum; I, pelvic-fin spine; PcLFi, postcleithral fimbrae; PecFR, pectoral-fin rays; PelR 1 - 4, pelvic-fin soft ray 1 - 4; PRC, pelvic radial cartilage; VPcl (a), ventral postcleithrum (anterior); VPcl (p), ventral postcleithrum (posterior)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011382" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">14B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7E933FDED259E3A84ACE7F4B73AE8C1D" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="749D362FA4D01203FAF554884216AE71" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7FB72650D957A618178B3C0568746124" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">
|
||
General body appearance as in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="18D1E747037543E96AA450814DCBC3A8" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs of preserved holotypes of A - D Unguitrema nigrum (NTUM 10603, 11.1 mm SL); D close-up of surface features of adhesive disc; E - G Discotrema crinophilum (USNM 215329, 22.1 mm SL). A, E dorsal views; B, F lateral views; C, D, G ventral views." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011378" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">10</figureCitation>
|
||
. Photographs and line drawing of heads, showing cephalic lateral-line canal pores plus snout and lip characters, given in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="5BB12ADAEC259D6C68D1D9F306CE0EAE" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Heads of Discotrema crinophilum. A - C KAUM-I. 145201, 25.9 mm SL (cyanine stain); D - F WAM P. 26100 - 009, 1 of 6 specimens, 22.2 mm SL (line drawing). A, D dorsal views; B right side in lateral view (image reversed); E left side in lateral view; C, F ventral views. Abbreviations: AN, anterior nostril; LC 1 - 2, lachrymal canal pores; NC 1 - 2, nasal canal pores; PN, posterior nostril; PO 1 - 2 postorbital canal pores. Black asterisks (*) indicates superficial neuromasts." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011383" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">15</figureCitation>
|
||
. Features of osteology shown in Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="38697C0B14AFE4880059A12EFE801692" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. CT scanned anterior skeleton, including cranium, paired-fin girdles, and abdominal region of vertebral column, of Discotrema monogrammum (BPBM 40504, 16.4 mm SL). A dorsal view; B lateral view; C ventral view. Abbreviations: ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Ana, angulo-articular; Apa, autopalatine; Bh, basihyal; Boc, basioccipital; Bp, basipterygium; BR, branchiostegal rays; Cb, ceratobranchials; Cl, cleithrum; CoPr, coronoid process; Cor, coracoid; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; Dn, dentary; DPcl, dorsal postcleithrum; Ect, ectopterygoid; EpC, epicentral; Epoc, epiotic; Exoc, exoccipital; Fr, frontal; Hy, hyomandibular; I, pelvic-fin spine; Ih, interhyal; Iop, interopercle; La, lachrymal; LE, lateral ethmoid; M, mesethmoid; Mx, maxilla; Na, nasal; NS 1, 5, neural spine of vertebral centrum 1, 5; Op, opercle; Pa, parietal; PbTP 3, pharyngobranchial 3 toothplate; PCh, posterior ceratohyal; PecFR, pectoral-fin rays; PecR, pectoral radials; PelR, pelvic-fin soft rays; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Pro, prootic; Psph, parasphenoid; Pt, posttemporal; Pte, pterotic; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; Ri, ribs; Sc, scapula; Scl, supracleithrum; Soc, supraoccipital; Sop, subopercle; Sph, sphenotic; Sym, symplectic; Ur, urohyal; V 1, vertebral centrum 1; Vo, vomer; VPcl (a), ventral postcleithrum (anterior); VPcl (p), ventral postcleithrum (posterior)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011379" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">11</figureCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<figureCitation id="5C808F1E155822F78A483824C9153975" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Surface features of the adhesive disc (A KAUM-I 153217, 29.4 mm SL, weak cyanine stain) and internal supporting skeleton of paired-fin girdles (B - E ROM 85350, 25.4 mm SL) of Discotrema crinophilum. B Pelvic disc supporting skeleton, including elements of pelvic- and pectoral-fin girdle in ventral view (anterior to top of page), outline of pelvic-fin spine and rays highlighted by thin white-dashed line; C close up of pelvic-fin ray 1, showing expanded anterior edge ventral to enlarged hardened papillae (outline show in thin white-dashed line); D ventral postcleithrum and surrounding elements (right side) in dorsal view (anterior to top of page); E dissected ventral postcleithrum (left side) in dorsal view (anterior to top of page). Abbreviations: A-C disc region A-C; AO, accessory ossicle; Bp, basipterygium; Cl, cleithrum; DPcl, dorsal postcleithrum; I, pelvic-fin spine; PcLFi, postcleithral fimbrae; PecFR, pectoral-fin rays; PelR 1 - 4, pelvic-fin soft ray 1 - 4; PRC, pelvic radial cartilage; VPcl (a), ventral postcleithrum (anterior); VPcl (p), ventral postcleithrum (posterior)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011382" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">14</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="FE0B9315C7116FA64048C2F789F339D5" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Pectoral-fin girdle of Discotrema crinophilum (ROM 85350, 25.4 mm SL). A Right side in lateral view (anterior to left, image reversed); B close-up of elements of pectoral-fin endoskeleton articulating with pectoral-fin rays (left side) in lateral view (anterior to left), dorsal postcleithrum removed. Abbreviations: AO, accessory ossicle; Cl, cleithrum; Cor, coracoid; DPcl, dorsal postcleithrum; PcLFi, postcleithral fimbrae; PecFR, pectoral-fin rays; PecR 1 - 4, pectoral radial 1 - 4; Pt, posttemporal; Sc, scapula; Scl, supracleithrum; VPcl (a), ventral postcleithrum (anterior); VPcl (p), ventral postcleithrum (posterior)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011384" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">16</figureCitation>
|
||
. Body cylindrical laterally, compressed at caudal peduncle. Anus closer to anal-fin origin than to posterior margin of disc. Head depressed anteriorly, its width wider than body width. Snout tip weakly pointed (lateral view), semi-elliptical (dorsal view); no skin fold (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0E188EB114A87DAE692B8BEED6E50EBC" author="Hutchins, JB" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Western Australian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" pagination="129 - 140" refId="B22" refString="Hutchins, JB, 1984. Description of a new gobiesocid fish from south-western Australia, with a key to the species of Aspasmogaster. Records of the Western Australian Museum 11: 129 - 140" title="Description of a new gobiesocid fish from south-western Australia, with a key to the species of Aspasmogaster." volume="11" year="1984">Hutchins 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 2b) across dorsal surface; dorsal profile of snout rounded. Mouth terminal, its posterior tip level with vertical through anterior margin of eye lens. Posterior part of lower lip well separated from skin of gular area, with distinct groove between both structures. Anterior and posterior nostrils close to each other, located dorsolaterally; posterior nostril vertically level with anterior margin of eye; both nostrils with a membranous tube, that of former slightly longer than that of latter. Interorbital region flattened. Upper end of gill opening level with base of 4th-6th pectoral-fin ray (lateral view); lower 5th-8th pectoral-fin ray base attached to disc by membrane. First to third gill arches with 2 rows of gill filaments, fourth arch without filaments (= 3 gills sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB193568A536CCECE58BF2F56BDB02CF" author="Briggs, JC" journalOrPublisher="Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 224" refId="B2" refString="Briggs, JC, 1955. A monograph of the clingfishes (order Xenopterygii). Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin 6: 1 - 224" title="A monograph of the clingfishes (order Xenopterygii)." volume="6" year="1955">Briggs 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Cephalic lateral-line canal pores with 2 nasal (NC), 2 lachrymal (LC) and 2 postorbital (PO) canal pores (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7320AF54EBCD8CEE4FC174A53DA93DD" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Heads of Discotrema crinophilum. A - C KAUM-I. 145201, 25.9 mm SL (cyanine stain); D - F WAM P. 26100 - 009, 1 of 6 specimens, 22.2 mm SL (line drawing). A, D dorsal views; B right side in lateral view (image reversed); E left side in lateral view; C, F ventral views. Abbreviations: AN, anterior nostril; LC 1 - 2, lachrymal canal pores; NC 1 - 2, nasal canal pores; PN, posterior nostril; PO 1 - 2 postorbital canal pores. Black asterisks (*) indicates superficial neuromasts." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011383" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">15</figureCitation>
|
||
). NC1 located vertical through anterior nostrils (dorsal view); NC2 slightly before posterior nostrils (dorsal view); LC1 just in front of anterior margin of eye; LC2 posteroventrally below LC1; PO1 just behind posterior margin of orbit; PO2 similar horizontal level with or slightly above PO1. Dorsal and anal fins located posteriorly, their bases relatively short; not connected to caudal fin by membranes. Dorsal- and anal-fin height almost equal, except anteriorly. Pectoral- and caudal-fin margins rounded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="AD911F5887887389FEF669D10E1E3B21" doi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011378" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
||
<paragraph id="099F1E536534FDF15396F07B64E964A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<emphasis id="A43414458129A1C888DF79CB8021752E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of preserved holotypes of
|
||
<emphasis id="AAC27EF4344552B2FD2A1D5B29C496D6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">A</emphasis>
|
||
-
|
||
<emphasis id="B8D2538145D4B71047B294E55B829463" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB994BB1044D458A6A46F5843106EFE8" authorityName="Frivke" authorityYear="2014" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Unguitrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Unguitrema nigrum" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8648BC9571F4FD75D6533F4CA60343AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Unguitrema nigrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NTUM 10603, 11.1 mm SL);
|
||
<emphasis id="5779DC5D4A5F9F7AD3B13DB140D3407E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">D</emphasis>
|
||
close-up of surface features of adhesive disc;
|
||
<emphasis id="1368246A9062F0E3C9DEB29A5E92B4FC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">E</emphasis>
|
||
-
|
||
<emphasis id="CDFEF036D4F2E14D81022F0041E9F4BD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">G</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F18CE3B8D3D5A61C016D372B7DA2A43" authorityName="Briggs" authorityYear="1976" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Discotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discotrema crinophilum" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crinophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3BF3EC1E0430DE6B68331CD1900454D9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Discotrema crinophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNM 215329, 22.1 mm SL).
|
||
<emphasis id="B575275DA314B294B0593FCDAD00E0A3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="628057AE5EB8A3E9E26D6CA6DED2E39B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">E</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal views;
|
||
<emphasis id="668B140B0923162557170DA195FD3969" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="97DB4C57F82095AC21E8BA2DDE028CB9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">F</emphasis>
|
||
lateral views;
|
||
<emphasis id="058EE97064BAB64D21E096286CF7CA91" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="2414298A916D5FF305CB9C88FC345366" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="48A1009D99FF1CC88E9564A2D8FA25B8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">G</emphasis>
|
||
ventral views.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1570A9A37A020B1CA62B76E8CFB819E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">
|
||
Structure of neurocranium (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="0C08C770BC3131E968A15C128DC3E6DF" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Neurocranium of Discotrema crinophilum (ROM 85350, 25.4 mm SL). A dorsal view; B lateral view; C ventral view. Abbreviations: Boc, basioccipital; EC, epiphyseal commissure of supraorbital canal; EpC, epicentral; Epoc, epiotic; Exoc, exoccipital; Fr, frontal; La, lachrymal; LE, lateral ethmoid; M, mesethmoid; Na, nasal; NS 1, neural spine of vertebral centrum 1; OC, otic canal; Pa, parietal; Pro, prootic; Psph, parasphenoid; Pte, pterotic; SC, supraorbital canal; Soc, supraoccipital; Sph, sphenotic; V 1, vertebral centrum 1; Vo, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011380" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">12</figureCitation>
|
||
), lachrymal (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="35F2AE5E92255ABC6CBC2FFA769A100E" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Neurocranium of Discotrema crinophilum (ROM 85350, 25.4 mm SL). A dorsal view; B lateral view; C ventral view. Abbreviations: Boc, basioccipital; EC, epiphyseal commissure of supraorbital canal; EpC, epicentral; Epoc, epiotic; Exoc, exoccipital; Fr, frontal; La, lachrymal; LE, lateral ethmoid; M, mesethmoid; Na, nasal; NS 1, neural spine of vertebral centrum 1; OC, otic canal; Pa, parietal; Pro, prootic; Psph, parasphenoid; Pte, pterotic; SC, supraorbital canal; Soc, supraoccipital; Sph, sphenotic; V 1, vertebral centrum 1; Vo, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011380" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">12</figureCitation>
|
||
), viscerocranium (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B77CB215C922405B7014A7A4B30E0C6D" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Viscerocranium of Discotrema crinophilum (ROM 85350, 25.4 mm SL mm SL). A Hyopalatine arch and opercular series (right side) in lateral view (image reversed), outline of preopercle, opercle, and subopercle highlighted by thin black line, posterior process of hyomandibular indicted by black asterisk (*); B articulation between hyomandibular and pterotic (left side) in ventral view, ligament between posterior process of hyomandibular (*) and hyomandibular process of pterotic indicted by double arrow head; C close-up of posterior teeth on premaxilla (left side) in lateral view; D lower gill-arch elements in dorsal view; E upper gill-arch elements (right side) in dorsal view; F close-up of PbTP 3 (right side) in ventral view (image reversed); G close-up of Cb 5 (right side) in dorsal view; H close up of gill rakers on posterior edge of ceratobranchials 1 and 2 (right side) in dorsal view; I hyoid bar (left side) in lateral view and urohyal. Abbreviations: AC, acrodin cap; ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Ana, angulo-articular; Apa, autopalatine; Bb 2 - 4, basibranchial 2 - 4; Bh, basihyal; BR, branchiostegal rays; Cb 1 - 5, ceratobranchial 1 - 5; CoPr, coronoid process; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; Dn, dentary; Eb 1 - 4, epibranchial 1 - 4; Ect, ectopterygoid; GR, gill rakers; Hb 1 - 3, hypobranchial 1 - 3; Hy, hyomandibular; Ih, interhyal; Iop, interopercle; MC, meckel's cartilage; Mx, maxilla; Op, opercle; PbTP 3, pharyngobranchial 3 toothplate; PCh, posterior ceratohyal; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Pte, pterotic; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; RT, replacement teeth; Sph, sphenotic; Sop, subopercle; Sym, symplectic; Ur, urohyal." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011381" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">13</figureCitation>
|
||
), paired-fin girdles (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="2B849D292DE5D57F0A692841F1F4EFA9" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Surface features of the adhesive disc (A KAUM-I 153217, 29.4 mm SL, weak cyanine stain) and internal supporting skeleton of paired-fin girdles (B - E ROM 85350, 25.4 mm SL) of Discotrema crinophilum. B Pelvic disc supporting skeleton, including elements of pelvic- and pectoral-fin girdle in ventral view (anterior to top of page), outline of pelvic-fin spine and rays highlighted by thin white-dashed line; C close up of pelvic-fin ray 1, showing expanded anterior edge ventral to enlarged hardened papillae (outline show in thin white-dashed line); D ventral postcleithrum and surrounding elements (right side) in dorsal view (anterior to top of page); E dissected ventral postcleithrum (left side) in dorsal view (anterior to top of page). Abbreviations: A-C disc region A-C; AO, accessory ossicle; Bp, basipterygium; Cl, cleithrum; DPcl, dorsal postcleithrum; I, pelvic-fin spine; PcLFi, postcleithral fimbrae; PecFR, pectoral-fin rays; PelR 1 - 4, pelvic-fin soft ray 1 - 4; PRC, pelvic radial cartilage; VPcl (a), ventral postcleithrum (anterior); VPcl (p), ventral postcleithrum (posterior)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011382" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">14</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="DA6CCA6376C7A36032ECC32AEB299DFD" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Pectoral-fin girdle of Discotrema crinophilum (ROM 85350, 25.4 mm SL). A Right side in lateral view (anterior to left, image reversed); B close-up of elements of pectoral-fin endoskeleton articulating with pectoral-fin rays (left side) in lateral view (anterior to left), dorsal postcleithrum removed. Abbreviations: AO, accessory ossicle; Cl, cleithrum; Cor, coracoid; DPcl, dorsal postcleithrum; PcLFi, postcleithral fimbrae; PecFR, pectoral-fin rays; PecR 1 - 4, pectoral radial 1 - 4; Pt, posttemporal; Sc, scapula; Scl, supracleithrum; VPcl (a), ventral postcleithrum (anterior); VPcl (p), ventral postcleithrum (posterior)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011384" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">16</figureCitation>
|
||
), and caudal skeleton (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3998B1D5B890C408318EA90837131BE5" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Caudal skeletons (left side, anterior to left) of A Rhinolepadichthys polyastrous (SAIAB 9319, 25.0 mm SL) and B Discotrema crinophilum (ROM 85350, 25.4 mm SL). Abbreviations: AFR, anal-fin rays; DFR, dorsal-fin rays; DRC, cartilaginous distal radial; Ep, epural; HSPU 2, hemal spine of preural centrum 2; LHP, lower hypural plate; NSPU 2, neural spine of preural centrum 2; PhC, parhypural cartilage; PU 2, 3, preural centrum 2, 3; P-MR, proximal-middle radial; UC, ural centrum; UHP, upper hypural plate. White asterisks (*) indicates caudal-fin rays associated with upper and lower hypural plates." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011377" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">9B</figureCitation>
|
||
) generally similar to that described above for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E937A8B565C1EFE0A9FB3CFC1372FD38" authorityName="Fujiwara & Motomura & Summers & Conway" authorityYear="2024" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Rhinolepadichthys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolepadichthys" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A43A1E29BFD7C8950D93ECC875EADAEB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Rhinolepadichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="1C8F61167CFE2B589398A36A4082326C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">gen. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
, except for the following differences. Pterotic with elongate lateral process immediately posterior to exit of otic canal (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="46B8B90D9441471A81748064563240C5" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. CT scanned anterior skeleton, including cranium, paired-fin girdles, and abdominal region of vertebral column, of Discotrema monogrammum (BPBM 40504, 16.4 mm SL). A dorsal view; B lateral view; C ventral view. Abbreviations: ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Ana, angulo-articular; Apa, autopalatine; Bh, basihyal; Boc, basioccipital; Bp, basipterygium; BR, branchiostegal rays; Cb, ceratobranchials; Cl, cleithrum; CoPr, coronoid process; Cor, coracoid; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; Dn, dentary; DPcl, dorsal postcleithrum; Ect, ectopterygoid; EpC, epicentral; Epoc, epiotic; Exoc, exoccipital; Fr, frontal; Hy, hyomandibular; I, pelvic-fin spine; Ih, interhyal; Iop, interopercle; La, lachrymal; LE, lateral ethmoid; M, mesethmoid; Mx, maxilla; Na, nasal; NS 1, 5, neural spine of vertebral centrum 1, 5; Op, opercle; Pa, parietal; PbTP 3, pharyngobranchial 3 toothplate; PCh, posterior ceratohyal; PecFR, pectoral-fin rays; PecR, pectoral radials; PelR, pelvic-fin soft rays; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Pro, prootic; Psph, parasphenoid; Pt, posttemporal; Pte, pterotic; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; Ri, ribs; Sc, scapula; Scl, supracleithrum; Soc, supraoccipital; Sop, subopercle; Sph, sphenotic; Sym, symplectic; Ur, urohyal; V 1, vertebral centrum 1; Vo, vomer; VPcl (a), ventral postcleithrum (anterior); VPcl (p), ventral postcleithrum (posterior)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011379" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">11</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="52E759230CEDEB80ECCA4F25444F6FFD" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Neurocranium of Discotrema crinophilum (ROM 85350, 25.4 mm SL). A dorsal view; B lateral view; C ventral view. Abbreviations: Boc, basioccipital; EC, epiphyseal commissure of supraorbital canal; EpC, epicentral; Epoc, epiotic; Exoc, exoccipital; Fr, frontal; La, lachrymal; LE, lateral ethmoid; M, mesethmoid; Na, nasal; NS 1, neural spine of vertebral centrum 1; OC, otic canal; Pa, parietal; Pro, prootic; Psph, parasphenoid; Pte, pterotic; SC, supraorbital canal; Soc, supraoccipital; Sph, sphenotic; V 1, vertebral centrum 1; Vo, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011380" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">12</figureCitation>
|
||
), tightly connected to posterior process on hyomandibular by ligament (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8341148D15A56CA1E8E9052089FA42E8" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Viscerocranium of Discotrema crinophilum (ROM 85350, 25.4 mm SL mm SL). A Hyopalatine arch and opercular series (right side) in lateral view (image reversed), outline of preopercle, opercle, and subopercle highlighted by thin black line, posterior process of hyomandibular indicted by black asterisk (*); B articulation between hyomandibular and pterotic (left side) in ventral view, ligament between posterior process of hyomandibular (*) and hyomandibular process of pterotic indicted by double arrow head; C close-up of posterior teeth on premaxilla (left side) in lateral view; D lower gill-arch elements in dorsal view; E upper gill-arch elements (right side) in dorsal view; F close-up of PbTP 3 (right side) in ventral view (image reversed); G close-up of Cb 5 (right side) in dorsal view; H close up of gill rakers on posterior edge of ceratobranchials 1 and 2 (right side) in dorsal view; I hyoid bar (left side) in lateral view and urohyal. Abbreviations: AC, acrodin cap; ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Ana, angulo-articular; Apa, autopalatine; Bb 2 - 4, basibranchial 2 - 4; Bh, basihyal; BR, branchiostegal rays; Cb 1 - 5, ceratobranchial 1 - 5; CoPr, coronoid process; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; Dn, dentary; Eb 1 - 4, epibranchial 1 - 4; Ect, ectopterygoid; GR, gill rakers; Hb 1 - 3, hypobranchial 1 - 3; Hy, hyomandibular; Ih, interhyal; Iop, interopercle; MC, meckel's cartilage; Mx, maxilla; Op, opercle; PbTP 3, pharyngobranchial 3 toothplate; PCh, posterior ceratohyal; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Pte, pterotic; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; RT, replacement teeth; Sph, sphenotic; Sop, subopercle; Sym, symplectic; Ur, urohyal." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011381" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">13B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Posterovenrally directed processes on hyomandibular somewhat expanded dorsolaterally; ectopterygoid triangular, dorsal edge weakly concave; preopercle relatively well ossified, its ventral edge rounded (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2215242713197D19B185A205FBF426AE" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. CT scanned anterior skeleton, including cranium, paired-fin girdles, and abdominal region of vertebral column, of Discotrema monogrammum (BPBM 40504, 16.4 mm SL). A dorsal view; B lateral view; C ventral view. Abbreviations: ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Ana, angulo-articular; Apa, autopalatine; Bh, basihyal; Boc, basioccipital; Bp, basipterygium; BR, branchiostegal rays; Cb, ceratobranchials; Cl, cleithrum; CoPr, coronoid process; Cor, coracoid; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; Dn, dentary; DPcl, dorsal postcleithrum; Ect, ectopterygoid; EpC, epicentral; Epoc, epiotic; Exoc, exoccipital; Fr, frontal; Hy, hyomandibular; I, pelvic-fin spine; Ih, interhyal; Iop, interopercle; La, lachrymal; LE, lateral ethmoid; M, mesethmoid; Mx, maxilla; Na, nasal; NS 1, 5, neural spine of vertebral centrum 1, 5; Op, opercle; Pa, parietal; PbTP 3, pharyngobranchial 3 toothplate; PCh, posterior ceratohyal; PecFR, pectoral-fin rays; PecR, pectoral radials; PelR, pelvic-fin soft rays; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Pro, prootic; Psph, parasphenoid; Pt, posttemporal; Pte, pterotic; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; Ri, ribs; Sc, scapula; Scl, supracleithrum; Soc, supraoccipital; Sop, subopercle; Sph, sphenotic; Sym, symplectic; Ur, urohyal; V 1, vertebral centrum 1; Vo, vomer; VPcl (a), ventral postcleithrum (anterior); VPcl (p), ventral postcleithrum (posterior)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011379" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">11C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="F27A5914C15548F1E80A20C12912C650" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Viscerocranium of Discotrema crinophilum (ROM 85350, 25.4 mm SL mm SL). A Hyopalatine arch and opercular series (right side) in lateral view (image reversed), outline of preopercle, opercle, and subopercle highlighted by thin black line, posterior process of hyomandibular indicted by black asterisk (*); B articulation between hyomandibular and pterotic (left side) in ventral view, ligament between posterior process of hyomandibular (*) and hyomandibular process of pterotic indicted by double arrow head; C close-up of posterior teeth on premaxilla (left side) in lateral view; D lower gill-arch elements in dorsal view; E upper gill-arch elements (right side) in dorsal view; F close-up of PbTP 3 (right side) in ventral view (image reversed); G close-up of Cb 5 (right side) in dorsal view; H close up of gill rakers on posterior edge of ceratobranchials 1 and 2 (right side) in dorsal view; I hyoid bar (left side) in lateral view and urohyal. Abbreviations: AC, acrodin cap; ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Ana, angulo-articular; Apa, autopalatine; Bb 2 - 4, basibranchial 2 - 4; Bh, basihyal; BR, branchiostegal rays; Cb 1 - 5, ceratobranchial 1 - 5; CoPr, coronoid process; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; Dn, dentary; Eb 1 - 4, epibranchial 1 - 4; Ect, ectopterygoid; GR, gill rakers; Hb 1 - 3, hypobranchial 1 - 3; Hy, hyomandibular; Ih, interhyal; Iop, interopercle; MC, meckel's cartilage; Mx, maxilla; Op, opercle; PbTP 3, pharyngobranchial 3 toothplate; PCh, posterior ceratohyal; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Pte, pterotic; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; RT, replacement teeth; Sph, sphenotic; Sop, subopercle; Sym, symplectic; Ur, urohyal." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011381" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">13A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cartilaginous tip of basihyal elongate, occupying half the length of basihyal; pharyngobranchial 3 toothplate trapezoid; gill rakers present on posterior edge of ceratobranchials 1-3 only; ceratobranchial 5 rod-like (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2A5D3C3C65549D8828165618ECE14A72" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. CT scanned anterior skeleton, including cranium, paired-fin girdles, and abdominal region of vertebral column, of Discotrema monogrammum (BPBM 40504, 16.4 mm SL). A dorsal view; B lateral view; C ventral view. Abbreviations: ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Ana, angulo-articular; Apa, autopalatine; Bh, basihyal; Boc, basioccipital; Bp, basipterygium; BR, branchiostegal rays; Cb, ceratobranchials; Cl, cleithrum; CoPr, coronoid process; Cor, coracoid; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; Dn, dentary; DPcl, dorsal postcleithrum; Ect, ectopterygoid; EpC, epicentral; Epoc, epiotic; Exoc, exoccipital; Fr, frontal; Hy, hyomandibular; I, pelvic-fin spine; Ih, interhyal; Iop, interopercle; La, lachrymal; LE, lateral ethmoid; M, mesethmoid; Mx, maxilla; Na, nasal; NS 1, 5, neural spine of vertebral centrum 1, 5; Op, opercle; Pa, parietal; PbTP 3, pharyngobranchial 3 toothplate; PCh, posterior ceratohyal; PecFR, pectoral-fin rays; PecR, pectoral radials; PelR, pelvic-fin soft rays; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Pro, prootic; Psph, parasphenoid; Pt, posttemporal; Pte, pterotic; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; Ri, ribs; Sc, scapula; Scl, supracleithrum; Soc, supraoccipital; Sop, subopercle; Sph, sphenotic; Sym, symplectic; Ur, urohyal; V 1, vertebral centrum 1; Vo, vomer; VPcl (a), ventral postcleithrum (anterior); VPcl (p), ventral postcleithrum (posterior)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011379" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">11C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9F36DD941513E118C4E28BC520648144" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Viscerocranium of Discotrema crinophilum (ROM 85350, 25.4 mm SL mm SL). A Hyopalatine arch and opercular series (right side) in lateral view (image reversed), outline of preopercle, opercle, and subopercle highlighted by thin black line, posterior process of hyomandibular indicted by black asterisk (*); B articulation between hyomandibular and pterotic (left side) in ventral view, ligament between posterior process of hyomandibular (*) and hyomandibular process of pterotic indicted by double arrow head; C close-up of posterior teeth on premaxilla (left side) in lateral view; D lower gill-arch elements in dorsal view; E upper gill-arch elements (right side) in dorsal view; F close-up of PbTP 3 (right side) in ventral view (image reversed); G close-up of Cb 5 (right side) in dorsal view; H close up of gill rakers on posterior edge of ceratobranchials 1 and 2 (right side) in dorsal view; I hyoid bar (left side) in lateral view and urohyal. Abbreviations: AC, acrodin cap; ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Ana, angulo-articular; Apa, autopalatine; Bb 2 - 4, basibranchial 2 - 4; Bh, basihyal; BR, branchiostegal rays; Cb 1 - 5, ceratobranchial 1 - 5; CoPr, coronoid process; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; Dn, dentary; Eb 1 - 4, epibranchial 1 - 4; Ect, ectopterygoid; GR, gill rakers; Hb 1 - 3, hypobranchial 1 - 3; Hy, hyomandibular; Ih, interhyal; Iop, interopercle; MC, meckel's cartilage; Mx, maxilla; Op, opercle; PbTP 3, pharyngobranchial 3 toothplate; PCh, posterior ceratohyal; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Pte, pterotic; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; RT, replacement teeth; Sph, sphenotic; Sop, subopercle; Sym, symplectic; Ur, urohyal." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011381" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">13D-H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Posterior 3/4th of urohyal well forked in lateral view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="09C9D050E9A080DA309FC56CB9FCD28B" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Viscerocranium of Discotrema crinophilum (ROM 85350, 25.4 mm SL mm SL). A Hyopalatine arch and opercular series (right side) in lateral view (image reversed), outline of preopercle, opercle, and subopercle highlighted by thin black line, posterior process of hyomandibular indicted by black asterisk (*); B articulation between hyomandibular and pterotic (left side) in ventral view, ligament between posterior process of hyomandibular (*) and hyomandibular process of pterotic indicted by double arrow head; C close-up of posterior teeth on premaxilla (left side) in lateral view; D lower gill-arch elements in dorsal view; E upper gill-arch elements (right side) in dorsal view; F close-up of PbTP 3 (right side) in ventral view (image reversed); G close-up of Cb 5 (right side) in dorsal view; H close up of gill rakers on posterior edge of ceratobranchials 1 and 2 (right side) in dorsal view; I hyoid bar (left side) in lateral view and urohyal. Abbreviations: AC, acrodin cap; ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Ana, angulo-articular; Apa, autopalatine; Bb 2 - 4, basibranchial 2 - 4; Bh, basihyal; BR, branchiostegal rays; Cb 1 - 5, ceratobranchial 1 - 5; CoPr, coronoid process; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; Dn, dentary; Eb 1 - 4, epibranchial 1 - 4; Ect, ectopterygoid; GR, gill rakers; Hb 1 - 3, hypobranchial 1 - 3; Hy, hyomandibular; Ih, interhyal; Iop, interopercle; MC, meckel's cartilage; Mx, maxilla; Op, opercle; PbTP 3, pharyngobranchial 3 toothplate; PCh, posterior ceratohyal; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Pte, pterotic; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; RT, replacement teeth; Sph, sphenotic; Sop, subopercle; Sym, symplectic; Ur, urohyal." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011381" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">13I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Single small accessory ossicle variably present between ventral postcleithra (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A896935423D2A8F7E62142E2F6D99437" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Surface features of the adhesive disc (A KAUM-I 153217, 29.4 mm SL, weak cyanine stain) and internal supporting skeleton of paired-fin girdles (B - E ROM 85350, 25.4 mm SL) of Discotrema crinophilum. B Pelvic disc supporting skeleton, including elements of pelvic- and pectoral-fin girdle in ventral view (anterior to top of page), outline of pelvic-fin spine and rays highlighted by thin white-dashed line; C close up of pelvic-fin ray 1, showing expanded anterior edge ventral to enlarged hardened papillae (outline show in thin white-dashed line); D ventral postcleithrum and surrounding elements (right side) in dorsal view (anterior to top of page); E dissected ventral postcleithrum (left side) in dorsal view (anterior to top of page). Abbreviations: A-C disc region A-C; AO, accessory ossicle; Bp, basipterygium; Cl, cleithrum; DPcl, dorsal postcleithrum; I, pelvic-fin spine; PcLFi, postcleithral fimbrae; PecFR, pectoral-fin rays; PelR 1 - 4, pelvic-fin soft ray 1 - 4; PRC, pelvic radial cartilage; VPcl (a), ventral postcleithrum (anterior); VPcl (p), ventral postcleithrum (posterior)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011382" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">14B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
; no accessory ossicle in BPBM 40504: Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="13F56F9DE9B68DB9AC460182598ECBF5" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. CT scanned anterior skeleton, including cranium, paired-fin girdles, and abdominal region of vertebral column, of Discotrema monogrammum (BPBM 40504, 16.4 mm SL). A dorsal view; B lateral view; C ventral view. Abbreviations: ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Ana, angulo-articular; Apa, autopalatine; Bh, basihyal; Boc, basioccipital; Bp, basipterygium; BR, branchiostegal rays; Cb, ceratobranchials; Cl, cleithrum; CoPr, coronoid process; Cor, coracoid; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; Dn, dentary; DPcl, dorsal postcleithrum; Ect, ectopterygoid; EpC, epicentral; Epoc, epiotic; Exoc, exoccipital; Fr, frontal; Hy, hyomandibular; I, pelvic-fin spine; Ih, interhyal; Iop, interopercle; La, lachrymal; LE, lateral ethmoid; M, mesethmoid; Mx, maxilla; Na, nasal; NS 1, 5, neural spine of vertebral centrum 1, 5; Op, opercle; Pa, parietal; PbTP 3, pharyngobranchial 3 toothplate; PCh, posterior ceratohyal; PecFR, pectoral-fin rays; PecR, pectoral radials; PelR, pelvic-fin soft rays; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Pro, prootic; Psph, parasphenoid; Pt, posttemporal; Pte, pterotic; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; Ri, ribs; Sc, scapula; Scl, supracleithrum; Soc, supraoccipital; Sop, subopercle; Sph, sphenotic; Sym, symplectic; Ur, urohyal; V 1, vertebral centrum 1; Vo, vomer; VPcl (a), ventral postcleithrum (anterior); VPcl (p), ventral postcleithrum (posterior)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011379" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">11C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D350B37A8F1F587A511BEB66E90C1710" doi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011379" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
|
||
<paragraph id="C9EEA87047E249A4B208B4A6629AAAB4" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<emphasis id="E69F1145FC3A034D3C86E042E2976C0A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
CT scanned anterior skeleton, including cranium, paired-fin girdles, and abdominal region of vertebral column, of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7EE179B7C9C493A5F98EF6761973B4C2" authorityName="Craig & Randall" authorityYear="2008" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Discotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discotrema monogrammum" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monogrammum">
|
||
<emphasis id="98CC4897D4DDA61D7FADBD633BAB2993" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Discotrema monogrammum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BPBM 40504, 16.4 mm SL).
|
||
<emphasis id="85E39512CDD8A3BD4653DF0E9F5217E2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">A</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B6BF55B7DE8930CEEE5AB9E37B4B369B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">B</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="2BA0E4FC3F9FD09DF2430429228A8AF8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">C</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view. Abbreviations: ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Ana, angulo-articular; Apa, autopalatine; Bh, basihyal; Boc, basioccipital; Bp, basipterygium; BR, branchiostegal rays; Cb, ceratobranchials; Cl, cleithrum; CoPr, coronoid process; Cor, coracoid; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; Dn, dentary; DPcl, dorsal postcleithrum; Ect, ectopterygoid; EpC, epicentral; Epoc, epiotic; Exoc, exoccipital; Fr, frontal; Hy, hyomandibular; I, pelvic-fin spine; Ih, interhyal; Iop, interopercle; La, lachrymal; LE, lateral ethmoid; M, mesethmoid; Mx, maxilla; Na, nasal; NS1, 5, neural spine of vertebral centrum 1, 5; Op, opercle; Pa, parietal; PbTP3, pharyngobranchial 3 toothplate; PCh, posterior ceratohyal; PecFR, pectoral-fin rays; PecR, pectoral radials; PelR, pelvic-fin soft rays; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Pro, prootic; Psph, parasphenoid; Pt, posttemporal; Pte, pterotic; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; Ri, ribs; Sc, scapula; Scl, supracleithrum; Soc, supraoccipital; Sop, subopercle; Sph, sphenotic; Sym, symplectic; Ur, urohyal; V1, vertebral centrum 1; Vo, vomer; VPcl(a), ventral postcleithrum (anterior); VPcl(p), ventral postcleithrum (posterior).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="2851F56B3935C850D6C47B2CD63FA5CB" doi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011380" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
|
||
<paragraph id="E3A0B4DA328F797F51C39AA3E68366A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEE1349770978D11910D2DDBD81F0C1E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Neurocranium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A86034145C267100041EFACF94EE742E" authorityName="Briggs" authorityYear="1976" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Discotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discotrema crinophilum" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crinophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="70DE6EC9974BFF3AA6793E086E659126" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Discotrema crinophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ROM 85350, 25.4 mm SL).
|
||
<emphasis id="D72FAC4AE3BB235086B726A50DD65535" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">A</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="4971246FB9F0E80077E8B716AFFEA951" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">B</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B5E059DE172815C1E37CD5279516F7BA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">C</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view. Abbreviations: Boc, basioccipital; EC, epiphyseal commissure of supraorbital canal; EpC, epicentral; Epoc, epiotic; Exoc, exoccipital; Fr, frontal; La, lachrymal; LE, lateral ethmoid; M, mesethmoid; Na, nasal; NS1, neural spine of vertebral centrum 1; OC, otic canal; Pa, parietal; Pro, prootic; Psph, parasphenoid; Pte, pterotic; SC, supraorbital canal; Soc, supraoccipital; Sph, sphenotic; V1, vertebral centrum 1; Vo, vomer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="8C5E9C578869B945F110815BF2F433CF" doi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011381" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
|
||
<paragraph id="93FAE697D0EB80B73A973AEA5E5C6291" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<emphasis id="2983A4D24BEE87AF661328B6117F07AA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Figure 13.</emphasis>
|
||
Viscerocranium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B912072ED3346D6A1B78569DAC2DC62" authorityName="Briggs" authorityYear="1976" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Discotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discotrema crinophilum" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crinophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF004201E76226B8BA7B3D19C443BCAB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Discotrema crinophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ROM 85350, 25.4 mm SL mm SL).
|
||
<emphasis id="FCCB68D80ABA5939F54ABEAD9DF10FB1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">A</emphasis>
|
||
Hyopalatine arch and opercular series (right side) in lateral view (image reversed), outline of preopercle, opercle, and subopercle highlighted by thin black line, posterior process of hyomandibular indicted by black asterisk (*);
|
||
<emphasis id="C27DA1E502BBBC6ADA630AC7634FF8C7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">B</emphasis>
|
||
articulation between hyomandibular and pterotic (left side) in ventral view, ligament between posterior process of hyomandibular (*) and hyomandibular process of pterotic indicted by double arrow head;
|
||
<emphasis id="3C463B85E9F8C70D07DD0D32B0D55114" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">C</emphasis>
|
||
close-up of posterior teeth on premaxilla (left side) in lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="5E3685E76CAB1704AF1C01CAD059CCAC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">D</emphasis>
|
||
lower gill-arch elements in dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="6A283A5BEAA1D2D4C5D2D05C11C3A8B9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">E</emphasis>
|
||
upper gill-arch elements (right side) in dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="63813F5014FC5CE66D7FC40A3CA1EC30" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">F</emphasis>
|
||
close-up of PbTP3 (right side) in ventral view (image reversed);
|
||
<emphasis id="FD565C894B8A65EA36D59C43F9165DCB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">G</emphasis>
|
||
close-up of Cb5 (right side) in dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="4FB93FE1CF79BA8C6E43BBDCA772DC79" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">H</emphasis>
|
||
close up of gill rakers on posterior edge of ceratobranchials 1 and 2 (right side) in dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="CC0C1D431E63BCF13E398900EF1A5FF2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">I</emphasis>
|
||
hyoid bar (left side) in lateral view and urohyal. Abbreviations: AC, acrodin cap; ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Ana, angulo-articular; Apa, autopalatine; Bb2-4, basibranchial 2-4; Bh, basihyal; BR, branchiostegal rays; Cb1-5, ceratobranchial 1-5; CoPr, coronoid process; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; Dn, dentary; Eb1-4, epibranchial 1-4; Ect, ectopterygoid; GR, gill rakers; Hb1-3, hypobranchial 1-3; Hy, hyomandibular; Ih, interhyal; Iop, interopercle; MC,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5024E3C3B1C5C1BA7B4B2A7062E8421C" originalValue="meckel’s">meckel's</normalizedToken>
|
||
cartilage; Mx, maxilla; Op, opercle; PbTP3, pharyngobranchial 3 toothplate; PCh, posterior ceratohyal; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Pte, pterotic; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; RT, replacement teeth; Sph, sphenotic; Sop, subopercle; Sym, symplectic; Ur, urohyal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="0E4813A54D30541FDA84115157B6C2CB" doi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011382" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
|
||
<paragraph id="3B8426B76DE156ADBAE6E7030690472B" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4D8F0B8E78F866BF4710503ACB019E6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
||
Surface features of the adhesive disc (
|
||
<emphasis id="08A37BF13F62BD88A0AE14D882EE3F9F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">A</emphasis>
|
||
KAUM-I 153217, 29.4 mm SL, weak cyanine stain) and internal supporting skeleton of paired-fin girdles (
|
||
<emphasis id="7BF362E5FF3FA802B87639917B48B078" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">B</emphasis>
|
||
-
|
||
<emphasis id="64A3D3332B7BEA7AC8172EFF1F39D661" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">E</emphasis>
|
||
ROM 85350, 25.4 mm SL) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7B7DE64C624FB0CD5C2FD3872AA7E6ED" authorityName="Briggs" authorityYear="1976" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Discotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discotrema crinophilum" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crinophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D840EF9613D74D007938742D5CA442E3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Discotrema crinophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FF26880176BC19D5011B4E172C3CFE8E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">B</emphasis>
|
||
Pelvic disc supporting skeleton, including elements of pelvic- and pectoral-fin girdle in ventral view (anterior to top of page), outline of pelvic-fin spine and rays highlighted by thin white-dashed line;
|
||
<emphasis id="76B5CCA8B56523E536569F1C5BF7BDBF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">C</emphasis>
|
||
close up of pelvic-fin ray 1, showing expanded anterior edge ventral to enlarged hardened papillae (outline show in thin white-dashed line);
|
||
<emphasis id="EC0A767186382E759EC847ADDF0DAB6E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">D</emphasis>
|
||
ventral postcleithrum and surrounding elements (right side) in dorsal view (anterior to top of page);
|
||
<emphasis id="831BF39E06065F6AEA574B237A064E4A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">E</emphasis>
|
||
dissected ventral postcleithrum (left side) in dorsal view (anterior to top of page). Abbreviations: A-C disc region A-C; AO, accessory ossicle; Bp, basipterygium; Cl, cleithrum; DPcl, dorsal postcleithrum; I, pelvic-fin spine; PcLFi, postcleithral fimbrae; PecFR, pectoral-fin rays; PelR1-4, pelvic-fin soft ray 1-4; PRC, pelvic radial cartilage; VPcl(a), ventral postcleithrum (anterior); VPcl(p), ventral postcleithrum (posterior).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A11C53A2C3A1109A2225BC0EA1B47985" doi="10.3897/vz.74.e113955.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1011383" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
|
||
<paragraph id="F434FB7A342831148D17BF106C5A21C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<emphasis id="21006D78DA64C2024EA94A8AA407B230" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Figure 15.</emphasis>
|
||
Heads of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7F74FC1D347DAFF6D72F1DBA0272A4A5" authorityName="Briggs" authorityYear="1976" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Discotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discotrema crinophilum" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crinophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DA4F6F1D84EFEBD5BF8B6C9457640EF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Discotrema crinophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="38C74165A3C5E11738F5F7736DC5CA75" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">A</emphasis>
|
||
-
|
||
<emphasis id="3B332049EC8A4E381BF5B6CE7622C94B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">C</emphasis>
|
||
KAUM-I. 145201, 25.9 mm SL (cyanine stain);
|
||
<emphasis id="064C01B623B08A57A1704F0A9FA84D4B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">D</emphasis>
|
||
-
|
||
<emphasis id="56E4AC49B405CBE3D151ED60B4E2BA7A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">F</emphasis>
|
||
WAM P. 26100-009, 1 of 6 specimens, 22.2 mm SL (line drawing).
|
||
<emphasis id="3465F062533EBA91DFD2ADBA63B085CC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="F5F4CF3CAA8CC0897113A1DDD3CCF334" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">D</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal views;
|
||
<emphasis id="9BC0C87BBE5A515F0101102920EE6D43" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">B</emphasis>
|
||
right side in lateral view (image reversed);
|
||
<emphasis id="D28EB9FA10713A74BE50F1EAED6BD32B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">E</emphasis>
|
||
left side in lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="D3079815E4FB14B77697F78943742231" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="515326BBE8243BFF28D71F11E42FAFE9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">F</emphasis>
|
||
ventral views. Abbreviations: AN, anterior nostril; LC1-2, lachrymal canal pores; NC1-2, nasal canal pores; PN, posterior nostril; PO1-2 postorbital canal pores. Black asterisks (*) indicates superficial neuromasts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD10C5FBAF4B446A72F837D3F573C2C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">
|
||
Dorsal-fin rays 7-10. Anal-fin rays 7-9. Pectoral-fin rays 23-27. Based on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0A8A37D084675EB9BC2108A29024047B" authorityName="Briggs" authorityYear="1976" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Discotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discotrema crinophilum" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crinophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="64A756E13605C2755601842BB7D0B6C2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Discotrema crinophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ROM 85350), total number of vertebrae 35, including 18 abdominal and 17 caudal. Ribs 14, associated with vertebrae 3-16. Epicentrals 19 (left side) or 20 (right side), associated with vertebrae 2-21 (right side) or 3-21 (left side). First dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserted between neural spines of vertebrae 21/22. First anal-fin pterygiophore inserted between hemal spines of vertebrae 23/24.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="51DC9CC7631E6B3D33BBD7B1588CE014" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" type="included species">
|
||
<paragraph id="B1CA076C08CFFE9D46682C17A40CF970" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Included species.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F46707C2B06CA060E8F28D228E937466" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">
|
||
The genus contains the following four valid species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="121D236C0C4E1D83C92DF266175E47C8" authorityName="Briggs" authorityYear="1976" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Discotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discotrema crinophilum" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crinophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="35521B2775F1C3E9407EB0EBC4CE6F9B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Discotrema crinophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Briggs, 1976,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F50D3DAB6FD90A569F6F59D8505A086D" authorityName="Craig & Randall" authorityYear="2008" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Discotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discotrema monogrammum" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monogrammum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9311E3031A8414588DE4F1049E6DA15" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Discotrema monogrammum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Craig & Randall, 2008,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43646F9D6E2A730BE50689771A0A7387" baseAuthorityName="Bhat" baseAuthorityYear="1979" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Discotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discotrema nigrum" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B21CCD72411C12D58DDBB4368B7A68FA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Discotrema nigrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fricke, 2014),
|
||
<emphasis id="0FAF7FF21C5A67669D867FEDADFC9985" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
(validity tentative, see below), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9055D8B3AE5A79AA37648462D3952D7" authorityName="Craig & Randall" authorityYear="2008" family="Gobiesocidae" genus="Discotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discotrema zonatum" order="Gobiesociformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zonatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="5D5F9DB827515230C8F3B1D8008317A4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Discotrema zonatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Craig & Randall, 2008.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |