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99 lines
10 KiB
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<document id="1E372B399207C42C1448C550AC4909AE" ID-CLB-Dataset="35343" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.329.4961" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1e4ab867-cf67-4105-9918-ebb52be7f061" ID-PMC="PMC3800826" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-329-33" ID-PubMed="24146552" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-329-33" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 329" ModsDocTitle="A revision of the Larainae (Coleoptera, Elmidae) of Venezuela, with description of nine new species" checkinTime="1451246973851" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Maier, Crystal A." docDate="2013" docId="4BD05DCF3D64E525CDF84BDBF3C3C7D1" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 329: 33-91" docOrigin="ZooKeys 329" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.329.4961" docTitle="Phanoceroides Hinton 1939" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="307FFFAA5B6E686D5B2FFF86DF568114" masterDocTitle="A revision of the Larainae (Coleoptera, Elmidae) of Venezuela, with description of nine new species" masterLastPageNumber="91" masterPageNumber="33" pageNumber="64" updateTime="1732672090439" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="407A3ECB0160F2BBAB5C0E4BFCC2EC72">A revision of the Larainae (Coleoptera, Elmidae) of Venezuela, with description of nine new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E69CFE14EF8A0CEAA062C95E1EF7E5DB" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4121BCE21FE4B38B18C0D9C78B8962A0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="348CD5F3ED63BFB7D315F79F219943ED">Maier, Crystal A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BF0F93B024236522EF2397D2E9C47879">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7A1FA84B27E406B3525DB878DC9281E8">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="595782C914FF05115FC67D64A5265353">
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<mods:date id="1EFFD76BD4020A900EF6B31D577F0FB2">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="A177EFCF25A04A9E5D5E96638929DC55" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="761C2B762FB457AF20FA592EEE0E3A9A">329</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="C841D53C735E9F72F934A1AE382461C9">33</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="6ADACFA5ABBE8A4AFEE80DA784DBE80F">91</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="24DC91CF8E64621CC361AB1C4575FDCF">
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<mods:url id="E867575AC746DD55E86C380F09F31A60">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.329.4961</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="6C8F520B6D8AC76E306E6D9D43D9728F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="725EBD0BB46BC65002EC34164A750204" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.329.4961</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="71640A1CE31408DC9B97916FAE9F6906" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-329-33</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4BD05DCF3D64E525CDF84BDBF3C3C7D1" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152047474" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4BD05DCF3D64E525CDF84BDBF3C3C7D1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4BD05DCF3D64E525CDF84BDBF3C3C7D1" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="31" pageNumber="64" scope_family="Elmidae" scope_order="Coleoptera" scope_subFamily="Larainae">
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<subSubSection id="B35E7B11292F1621E51EDD7FF049DE0B" pageId="31" pageNumber="64" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B8819873F9F1F199EC060F1CFE8D9090" pageId="31" pageNumber="64">
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<taxonomicName id="C4032EF55030CB82756EBA169649DC2E" ID-CoL="6MTR" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Phanoceroides" authority="Hinton, 1939" authorityName="Hinton" authorityYear="1939" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Phanoceroides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanoceroides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phanoceroides Hinton, 1939</taxonomicName>
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Figs 3, 62, 63, 64, 65
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9202350FB9BACC2A6FA0DA8F51B5C12D" pageId="31" pageNumber="64" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="9A3381D839445AE8C7618D3F64121FB8" pageId="31" pageNumber="64">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7AA7740C831BFA1F5FCA68AB5C751A75" pageId="31" pageNumber="64">
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<taxonomicName id="EF259741C373CC3BD39302851B77889C" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Phanoceroides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanoceroides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phanoceroides</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from all other genera of
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<taxonomicName id="F8FE25F7733384D741E88DCF913A5875" lsidName="" pageId="31" pageNumber="64" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Larainae">Larainae</taxonomicName>
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by the presence of a dense, silvery mat of setae on the ventral surface, or plastron (Fig. 63). They can be distinguished from members of the other elmid subfamily,
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<taxonomicName id="A16D8639BE051CA4BE87DCC3B2E0931D" lsidName="" pageId="31" pageNumber="64" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Elminae">Elminae</taxonomicName>
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, by the clubbed antennae, dense hairlike setae on the dorsum, and transverse procoxae (Fig. 63).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="54AF700DD86578533D0AF315EA6921E7" pageId="31" pageNumber="64" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="6AC9DAC32A98EF9D2C6BE582860BE247" pageId="31" pageNumber="64">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B3040E0D75A4E16037BA03BBEBFED558" pageId="31" pageNumber="64">
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This genus is known from Manaus, Amazonas State, in the Amazon river basin in Brazil and from Tobogan de la Selva, Amazonas State, in the Orinoco River drainage in Venezuela, and probably occur throughout the Southern Venezuela and Northern Brazil. There have also been literature reports of
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<taxonomicName id="171D73F45730C1C6E108899C97BC77F5" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Phanoceroides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanoceroides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phanoceroides</taxonomicName>
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spp. from as far west as Cordillera de Vilcabamba, Peru, but this record has not been confirmed by me (Acosta et al. 1998).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AB2C0899D1604F8FEB8454BE25B29060" pageId="31" pageNumber="64" type="habitat">
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<paragraph id="BF3A84CFBBA2DD60C9CF5B57F26AFE8A" pageId="31" pageNumber="64">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C78CA08A416FDC318581E17312255BDD" pageId="31" pageNumber="64">
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<taxonomicName id="30A70A1DD3FF13C9D4E4A97DA5EB77AB" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Phanoceroides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanoceroides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phanoceroides</taxonomicName>
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species have unique habitat requirements in the subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="7402EF4F33F6365053E29D20D30CFD29" lsidName="" pageId="31" pageNumber="64" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Larainae">Larainae</taxonomicName>
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, in that they remain fully submerged and are found in the benthos of streams, as opposed to water-splashed surfaces in streams as others in
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<taxonomicName id="026F354677FCBBF41527AB78E21CCFFB" lsidName="" pageId="31" pageNumber="64" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Larainae">Larainae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="D935BC42355333A70077D9984A57EC5C" author="Hinton, HE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London" pageId="56" pageNumber="89" pagination="133 - 184" title="An Inquiry into the natural classification of the Dryopoidea, based partly on a study of their internal anatomy (Col.)." url="10.1111/j.1365-2311.1939.tb00739.x" volume="89" year="1939">Hinton 1939</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D6E64C2E2F5A75E5B33CC269AE89D7D3" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="31" pageNumber="64" type="notes">
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<paragraph id="24DC07073309669ED83E02D4105BEF7F" pageId="31" pageNumber="64">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4A767E0F035833282B9A4F47BF1D20F9" pageId="31" pageNumber="64">
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="BF06C6E17BA839479FE62F8DC6FFDAC7" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Phanoceroides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanoceroides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phanoceroides</taxonomicName>
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is rather interesting among the
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<taxonomicName id="0F6B2D4E4D13044F598F9DF5E5C44162" lsidName="" pageId="31" pageNumber="64" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Larainae">Larainae</taxonomicName>
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, in that while it bears superficial resemblance to beetles in the subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="EC6A5F12FBB80D51756006D549E3F5D4" lsidName="" pageId="31" pageNumber="64" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Elminae">Elminae</taxonomicName>
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, in their fully aquatic habits and in the presence of a dense, hairy plastron on the ventral surface, anatomically, they are most similar to the
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<taxonomicName id="B6B62E5C00F72B67CF4E655BA11DFAE5" lsidName="" pageId="31" pageNumber="64" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Larainae">Larainae</taxonomicName>
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, and therefore they are included in this work. Whether this is a case of convergent evolution or the retention of plesiomophic characters is unknown and it deserves further study, and this species may provide insights into the evolution of laraine
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<taxonomicName id="5DAB482E37A2E1083E667AB43B8B85E3" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Elmidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="A5BF7B8AF726F379FAFA5C85481DC7F7" pageId="32" pageNumber="65">
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<paragraph id="2BA66E7B829DF94C2402D7BF6F8BFD10" pageId="32" pageNumber="65">
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<pageBreakToken id="B92ADDE8B0E3CCFB98AB64B952BE4D66" pageId="32" pageNumber="65" start="start">Figures</pageBreakToken>
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62-65.
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<taxonomicName id="C0B9C547F293108C9B1FA9B2B1AD4E8B" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Phanoceroides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanoceroides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phanoceroides</taxonomicName>
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sp. 1: 62 Dorsal habitus 63 Ventral habitus 64 Lateral habitus 65 Pronotum, dorsal view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |