378 lines
52 KiB
XML
378 lines
52 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="FC668B9285A0B7C4F6D27F70E054B25D">First Inventory of Sea Anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) of the Mexican Caribbean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AF6D010C961D34C033ED6639EE1B3A25">Simões, Nuno</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="057205B651DEFCED7FA307AC23543D8A">Sanchez-Rodriguez, Judith</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BD1F5CF7700E1D135440BC5097D6D25A">Rodriguez, Estefania</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E4F1049028D0193B456BC898245E0F39">Segura-Puertas, Lourdes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E8F745D2475D8BD7AB244FB739C8627B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F73BFAC80E398C130FDF6978CC5ED237">2012</mods:date>
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<treatment id="35648787DB12FFBF88E5FC1FFF5BFDFF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6180919" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119555654" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6180919" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:35648787DB12FFBF88E5FC1FFF5BFDFF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/35648787DB12FFBF88E5FC1FFF5BFDFF" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" scope_family="Aiptasiidae" scope_infraOrder="Thenaria" scope_order="Actiniaria" scope_phylum="Cnidaria" scope_subOrder="Nynantheae" scope_superFamily="Metridioidea">
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<subSubSection id="F5D7651ADB12FFBD88E5FC1FFD0AFC64" box="[151,655,938,964]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BD723691DB12FFBD88E5FC1FFD0AFC64" blockId="25.[151,655,938,997]" box="[151,655,938,964]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<heading id="E63A81FDDB12FFBD88E5FC1FFD0AFC64" bold="true" box="[151,655,938,964]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB12FFBD88E5FC1FFD0AFC64" bold="true" box="[151,655,938,964]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB12FFBD88E5FC1FFED1FC64" ID-CoL="61eb11ac-225c-4566-b26f-780aee2d1265" box="[151,340,938,964]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">
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<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB12FFBD88E5FC1FFED1FC64" bold="true" box="[151,340,938,964]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Aiptasia pallida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Agassiz in
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<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB12FFBD8998FC1FFD02FC64" author="Verrill" box="[490,647,938,964]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1864) Revision of the Polypi of the eastern coast of United States. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, 1, 1 - 45." type="journal article" year="1864">Verrill, 1864</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F5D7651ADB12FFBD88E5FC78FEECFC45" box="[151,361,973,997]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
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<paragraph id="BD723691DB12FFBD88E5FC78FEECFC45" blockId="25.[151,655,938,997]" box="[151,361,973,997]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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(
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<figureCitation id="25F62A14DB12FFBD88ECFC78FE85FC45" box="[158,256,973,997]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1726,1749]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 9. — Aiptasia pallida. (A) Oral view. (B) Lateral view. (C) Tentacles view. (D) Cross section through distal column. (E) Cross section through proximal column. (F – S) Cnidae. — tentacle: (F) basitrich, (G) basitrich, (H) microbasic p - amastigophore, (I) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (J) basitrich, (K) microbasic p - amastigophore; column: (L) basitrich, (M) basitrich, (N) microbasic p - amastigophore; filament: (O) basitrich, (P) microbasic p - amastigophore, (Q) microbasic p - amastigophore; acontia: (R) basitrich, (S) microbasic p - amastigophore. Abbreviations. — ac: acontia, c: column, ci: cinclides, fi: filament, od: oral disc, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, t: tentacle. Scale bars. — A – C: 10 mm; D – E: 200 µm; F – R: 25 µm; S: 17. 5 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212674/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 9</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="F04F032ADB12FFBD897EFC78FEE5FC45" box="[268,352,973,997]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="12.[119,207,467,490]" captionTargetBox="[133,1910,555,1686]" captionText="TABLE 2. — Size and distribution of cnidae from preserved specimens examined. “ ml ” and “ mw ” are the means (length and width respectively), “ dl ” and “ dw ” are the standard deviations (length and width respectively), all in µm. “ # 1 ” and “ # 2 ” is the number of capsules measured per each specimen examined, “ p ” is the proportion of animals examined with respective type of cnida present." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E9B26619DB07FFA88805FE66FD4BFD87" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" tableUuid="E9B26619DB07FFA88805FE66FD4BFD87">Table 2</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F5D7651ADB12FFBD88E5FBA3FDCCFB43" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="9DDD11BFDB12FFBD88E5FBA3FD95FBE9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<paragraph id="BD723691DB12FFBD88E5FBA3FDE5FB8B" blockId="25.[151,608,1045,1251]" box="[151,608,1045,1067]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB12FFBD88E5FBA3FE17FB8B" authority="Agassiz" authorityName="Agassiz" box="[151,402,1045,1067]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Dysactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">
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<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB12FFBD88E5FBA3FEB9FB8B" box="[151,316,1045,1067]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Dysactis pallida</emphasis>
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Agassiz
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<treatmentCitation id="3C6C1080DB12FFBD89C1FBA0FDD9FB8B" author="Verrill" box="[435,604,1045,1067]" page="26" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1864">
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<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB12FFBD89C1FBA0FDB2FB8B" author="Verrill" box="[435,567,1045,1067]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1864) Revision of the Polypi of the eastern coast of United States. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, 1, 1 - 45." type="journal article" year="1864">Verrill, 1864</bibRefCitation>
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: 26
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BD723691DB12FFBD88E5FB81FD95FBE9" blockId="25.[151,608,1045,1251]" box="[151,528,1075,1098]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB12FFBD88E5FB81FD89FBE9" authority="Verrill, 1868: 322" authorityName="Verrill" authorityPageNumber="322" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,524,1075,1098]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Paranthea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">
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<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB12FFBD88E5FB81FED5FBEA" box="[151,336,1076,1098]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Paranthea pallida</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="3C6C1080DB12FFBD8924FB86FD89FBE9" author="Verrill" box="[342,524,1075,1097]" page="322" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1868">
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<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB12FFBD8924FB86FE5FFBE9" author="Verrill" box="[342,474,1075,1097]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1868) Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Commodore C. Ringgold and Capt. John Rodgers, U. S. N., from 1853 to 1856. Collected by Dr. Wm. Stimpson, Naturalist to the Expedition. Part. IV. Actiniaria (First part). Communications of the Essex Institute, 5, 315 - 330." type="journal article" year="1868">Verrill, 1868</bibRefCitation>
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: 322
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="9DDD11BFDB12FFBD88E5FBE6FD9AFB05" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<paragraph id="BD723691DB12FFBD88E5FBE6FDCCFBC8" blockId="25.[151,608,1045,1251]" box="[151,585,1106,1128]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB12FFBD88E5FBE6FEC8FBC8" ID-CoL="7NNCT" authority="Agassizii" authorityName="Agassizii" box="[151,333,1107,1128]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB12FFBD88E5FBE6FEC8FBC8" box="[151,333,1107,1128]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Aiptasia Agassizii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[
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<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB12FFBD892EFBE6FEFDFBC8" box="[348,376,1107,1128]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">sic</emphasis>
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]
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<treatmentCitation id="3C6C1080DB12FFBD89F4FBE7FDC0FBC8" author="Andres" box="[390,581,1106,1128]" page="183" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1883">
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<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB12FFBD89F4FBE7FD96FBC8" author="Andres" box="[390,531,1106,1128]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Andres, A. (1883) Le Attinie. Coi Tipi der Salviucci, Roma, 1, 460 pp." type="book" year="1883">Andres, 1883</bibRefCitation>
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: 183
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BD723691DB12FFBD88E5FBC7FDC2FB27" blockId="25.[151,608,1045,1251]" box="[151,583,1137,1159]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB12FFBD88E5FBC7FD99FB27" ID-CoL="61eb11ac-225c-4566-b26f-780aee2d1265" authority="McMurrich, 1887: 59" authorityName="McMurrich" authorityPageNumber="59" authorityYear="1887" box="[151,540,1137,1159]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">
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<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB12FFBD88E5FBC7FEBFFB27" box="[151,314,1137,1159]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Aiptasia pallida</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="3C6C1080DB12FFBD8932FBC4FD99FB27" author="McMurrich" box="[320,540,1137,1159]" page="59" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1887">
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<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB12FFBD8932FBC4FE72FB27" author="McMurrich" box="[320,503,1137,1159]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="McMurrich, J. P. (1887) Notes on the fauna of Beaufort, North Carolina. Studies at the Biological Laboratory of the John Hopkins University, 4, 55 - 63." type="journal article" year="1887">McMurrich, 1887</bibRefCitation>
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: 59
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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–61.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BD723691DB12FFBD88E5FB24FD9AFB05" blockId="25.[151,608,1045,1251]" box="[151,543,1168,1190]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB12FFBD88E5FB24FE63FB05" ID-CoL="7NNCT" authority="McMurrich, 1889b: 102" authorityName="McMurrich" authorityPageNumber="102" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,486,1168,1190]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB12FFBD88E5FB24FF69FB06" box="[151,236,1169,1190]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Aiptasia</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="3C6C1080DB12FFBD8880FB25FE63FB05" author="McMurrich" box="[242,486,1168,1190]" page="102" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1889">
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<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB12FFBD8880FB25FE32FB06" author="McMurrich" box="[242,439,1168,1190]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="McMurrich, J. P. (1889 b) A contribution to the actinology of the Bermudas. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1889, 102 - 126." type="proceedings paper" year="1889" yearSuffix="b">McMurrich, 1889b</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 102
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</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
–104.
|
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</paragraph>
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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<paragraph id="BD723691DB12FFBD88E5FB1AFE7FFB64" blockId="25.[151,608,1045,1251]" box="[151,506,1198,1221]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="9DDD11BFDB12FFBD88E5FB1AFE7FFB64" box="[151,506,1198,1221]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB12FFBD88E5FB1AFE73FB64" ID-CoL="1815cb2e-bbe8-45cd-8394-b094f68113ef" authority="Verrill, 1900: 557" authorityName="Verrill" authorityPageNumber="557" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,502,1198,1221]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tagetes">
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||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB12FFBD88E5FB1AFEBFFB65" box="[151,314,1199,1221]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Aiptasia tagetes</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3C6C1080DB12FFBD894DFB1BFE73FB64" author="Verrill" box="[319,502,1198,1220]" page="557" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1900">
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<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB12FFBD894DFB1BFE46FB64" author="Verrill" box="[319,451,1198,1220]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1900) Additions to the Anthozoa and Hydrozoa of the Bermudas. Anthozoa. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 10, 2, 551 - 572." type="journal article" year="1900">Verrill, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 557
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD723691DB12FFBD88E5FB78FDCCFB43" blockId="25.[151,608,1045,1251]" box="[151,585,1229,1251]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="9DDD11BFDB12FFBD88E5FB78FDCCFB43" box="[151,585,1229,1251]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB12FFBD88E5FB78FDC0FB43" ID-CoL="825c16d1-672f-402f-912b-1f5a39e09090" authority="Stephenson, 1918: 51" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityPageNumber="51" authorityYear="1918" box="[151,581,1229,1251]" genus="Aiptasioides" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB12FFBD88E5FB78FEE7FB43" box="[151,354,1229,1251]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Aiptasioides pallida</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3C6C1080DB12FFBD891AFB78FDC0FB43" author="Stephenson" box="[360,581,1229,1251]" page="51" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1918">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB12FFBD891AFB78FD9AFB43" author="Stephenson" box="[360,543,1229,1251]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Stephenson, T. A. (1918) Coelenterata. Part I. Actiniaria. Natural History Reports on British Antarctic (Terra Nova) Expedition 1910, 5, 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1918">Stephenson, 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 51
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F5D7651ADB12FFBD88E5FABAFE7DFAEC" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD723691DB12FFBD88E5FABAFE7DFAEC" blockId="25.[151,1437,1295,2004]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Material examined.—
|
||
<materialsCitation id="0DA53CCCDB12FFBD89FEFAA5FBE9FA87" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416638313" box="[396,1132,1295,1319]" country="Mexico" latitude="20.90798" location="Puerto Morelos" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-86.845375" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCount="5">
|
||
<location id="B812604ADB12FFBD89FEFAA5FDBCFA87" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:35648787DB12FFBF88E5FC1FFF5BFDFF:B812604ADB12FFBD89FEFAA5FDBCFA87" box="[396,569,1295,1319]" latitude="20.90798" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-86.845375" name="Puerto Morelos" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Puerto Morelos</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D8F95056DB12FFBD8A3AFABAFD7AFA87" box="[584,767,1295,1319]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" precision="1" value="20.90798">20°54’28.73” N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D8F95056DB12FFBD8B78FABAFC46FA87" box="[778,963,1295,1319]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" precision="1" value="-86.845375">86°50’43.33” W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="ABCBFD18DB12FFBD8BA0FABAFBDEFA87" box="[978,1115,1295,1319]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="0DA53CCCDB12FFBD8C01FABAFE7DFAEC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416638305" country="Mexico" latitude="21.473057" location="Isla Contoy" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-86.7895" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCount="5">
|
||
<location id="B812604ADB12FFBD8C01FABAFB71FA87" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:35648787DB12FFBF88E5FC1FFF5BFDFF:B812604ADB12FFBD8C01FABAFB71FA87" box="[1139,1268,1295,1319]" country="Iceland" latitude="21.473057" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-86.7895" name="Isla Contoy" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Isla Contoy</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D8F95056DB12FFBD8D76FABAFA1DFA87" box="[1284,1432,1295,1319]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" precision="15" value="21.473057">21°28’23” N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D8F95056DB12FFBD88E5FA81FECAFAEC" box="[151,335,1332,1356]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" precision="1" value="-86.7895">86°47’22.18” W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="ABCBFD18DB12FFBD892CFA81FE62FAEC" box="[350,487,1332,1356]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F5D7651ADB12FFBD88B5FAE2FDCFF8E4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD723691DB12FFBD88B5FAE2FDCFF8E4" blockId="25.[151,1437,1295,2004]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Diagnosis.—Fully expanded tentacles and oral disc often to
|
||
<quantity id="7A359B74DB12FFBD8B0AFAE2FC4DFACF" box="[888,968,1367,1391]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Oral disc wide,
|
||
<quantity id="7A359B74DB12FFBD8D60FAE2FAFBFACF" box="[1298,1406,1367,1391]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="5.0">5–15 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter; mouth often with whitish spots in the edges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="25F62A14DB12FFBD8B53FAC9FC03FA34" box="[801,902,1404,1428]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1726,1749]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 9. — Aiptasia pallida. (A) Oral view. (B) Lateral view. (C) Tentacles view. (D) Cross section through distal column. (E) Cross section through proximal column. (F – S) Cnidae. — tentacle: (F) basitrich, (G) basitrich, (H) microbasic p - amastigophore, (I) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (J) basitrich, (K) microbasic p - amastigophore; column: (L) basitrich, (M) basitrich, (N) microbasic p - amastigophore; filament: (O) basitrich, (P) microbasic p - amastigophore, (Q) microbasic p - amastigophore; acontia: (R) basitrich, (S) microbasic p - amastigophore. Abbreviations. — ac: acontia, c: column, ci: cinclides, fi: filament, od: oral disc, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, t: tentacle. Scale bars. — A – C: 10 mm; D – E: 200 µm; F – R: 25 µm; S: 17. 5 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212674/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Tentacles about 48, simple, smooth, long, thin, inner ones longer than outer ones, not completely contractile (
|
||
<figureCitation id="25F62A14DB12FFBD8BDCFA2AFB96FA17" box="[942,1043,1439,1463]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1726,1749]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 9. — Aiptasia pallida. (A) Oral view. (B) Lateral view. (C) Tentacles view. (D) Cross section through distal column. (E) Cross section through proximal column. (F – S) Cnidae. — tentacle: (F) basitrich, (G) basitrich, (H) microbasic p - amastigophore, (I) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (J) basitrich, (K) microbasic p - amastigophore; column: (L) basitrich, (M) basitrich, (N) microbasic p - amastigophore; filament: (O) basitrich, (P) microbasic p - amastigophore, (Q) microbasic p - amastigophore; acontia: (R) basitrich, (S) microbasic p - amastigophore. Abbreviations. — ac: acontia, c: column, ci: cinclides, fi: filament, od: oral disc, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, t: tentacle. Scale bars. — A – C: 10 mm; D – E: 200 µm; F – R: 25 µm; S: 17. 5 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212674/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
B, C). Column cylindrical,
|
||
<quantity id="7A359B74DB12FFBD8D26FA2AFF46FA7C" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="10.0">10–35 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height and
|
||
<quantity id="7A359B74DB12FFBD890FFA71FE6BFA7C" box="[381,494,1476,1500]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="2.0">2–13 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, smooth, divided into capitulum and scapus; one or two rows of cinclides in middle column (
|
||
<figureCitation id="25F62A14DB12FFBD89A9FA52FDBBFA5F" box="[475,574,1511,1535]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1726,1749]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 9. — Aiptasia pallida. (A) Oral view. (B) Lateral view. (C) Tentacles view. (D) Cross section through distal column. (E) Cross section through proximal column. (F – S) Cnidae. — tentacle: (F) basitrich, (G) basitrich, (H) microbasic p - amastigophore, (I) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (J) basitrich, (K) microbasic p - amastigophore; column: (L) basitrich, (M) basitrich, (N) microbasic p - amastigophore; filament: (O) basitrich, (P) microbasic p - amastigophore, (Q) microbasic p - amastigophore; acontia: (R) basitrich, (S) microbasic p - amastigophore. Abbreviations. — ac: acontia, c: column, ci: cinclides, fi: filament, od: oral disc, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, t: tentacle. Scale bars. — A – C: 10 mm; D – E: 200 µm; F – R: 25 µm; S: 17. 5 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212674/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Column, tentacles and oral disc light to dark brown, oral disc often with white, yellow and bluish spots. Pedal disc well developed,
|
||
<quantity id="7A359B74DB12FFBD8B27F9B9FC33F984" box="[853,950,1548,1572]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="3.0">3–8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Pedal disc and scapus often lighter than column, light brown or beige, semitransparent, with mesenterial insertions visible. Mesenteries hexamerously arranged in two or three cycles (12–24 pairs in specimens examined): first cycle perfect, others imperfect and poorly developed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="25F62A14DB12FFBD8A68F9C2FDFAF92F" box="[538,639,1655,1679]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1726,1749]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 9. — Aiptasia pallida. (A) Oral view. (B) Lateral view. (C) Tentacles view. (D) Cross section through distal column. (E) Cross section through proximal column. (F – S) Cnidae. — tentacle: (F) basitrich, (G) basitrich, (H) microbasic p - amastigophore, (I) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (J) basitrich, (K) microbasic p - amastigophore; column: (L) basitrich, (M) basitrich, (N) microbasic p - amastigophore; filament: (O) basitrich, (P) microbasic p - amastigophore, (Q) microbasic p - amastigophore; acontia: (R) basitrich, (S) microbasic p - amastigophore. Abbreviations. — ac: acontia, c: column, ci: cinclides, fi: filament, od: oral disc, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, t: tentacle. Scale bars. — A – C: 10 mm; D – E: 200 µm; F – R: 25 µm; S: 17. 5 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212674/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
D, E). No gametogenic tissue observed in specimens reviewed. Two pairs of directives each attached to a well developed siphonoglyph (
|
||
<figureCitation id="25F62A14DB12FFBD8BCEF929FBA6F914" box="[956,1059,1692,1716]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1726,1749]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 9. — Aiptasia pallida. (A) Oral view. (B) Lateral view. (C) Tentacles view. (D) Cross section through distal column. (E) Cross section through proximal column. (F – S) Cnidae. — tentacle: (F) basitrich, (G) basitrich, (H) microbasic p - amastigophore, (I) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (J) basitrich, (K) microbasic p - amastigophore; column: (L) basitrich, (M) basitrich, (N) microbasic p - amastigophore; filament: (O) basitrich, (P) microbasic p - amastigophore, (Q) microbasic p - amastigophore; acontia: (R) basitrich, (S) microbasic p - amastigophore. Abbreviations. — ac: acontia, c: column, ci: cinclides, fi: filament, od: oral disc, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, t: tentacle. Scale bars. — A – C: 10 mm; D – E: 200 µm; F – R: 25 µm; S: 17. 5 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212674/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Retractor muscles diffuse to restricted; parietobasilar muscles poorly developed. Basilar muscles poorly developed. Marginal sphincter muscle not observed. Longitudinal muscles of tentacles ectodermal. Acontia white (
|
||
<figureCitation id="25F62A14DB12FFBD8C11F951FB42F95C" box="[1123,1223,1764,1788]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1726,1749]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 9. — Aiptasia pallida. (A) Oral view. (B) Lateral view. (C) Tentacles view. (D) Cross section through distal column. (E) Cross section through proximal column. (F – S) Cnidae. — tentacle: (F) basitrich, (G) basitrich, (H) microbasic p - amastigophore, (I) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (J) basitrich, (K) microbasic p - amastigophore; column: (L) basitrich, (M) basitrich, (N) microbasic p - amastigophore; filament: (O) basitrich, (P) microbasic p - amastigophore, (Q) microbasic p - amastigophore; acontia: (R) basitrich, (S) microbasic p - amastigophore. Abbreviations. — ac: acontia, c: column, ci: cinclides, fi: filament, od: oral disc, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, t: tentacle. Scale bars. — A – C: 10 mm; D – E: 200 µm; F – R: 25 µm; S: 17. 5 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212674/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
C), with basitrichs and microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB12FFBD893EF8BCFEDFF880" box="[332,346,1801,1824]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">p</emphasis>
|
||
-amastigophores. Zooxanthellae present. Cnidom: basitrichs, microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB12FFBD8CD2F8BCFB3DF880" box="[1184,1208,1801,1824]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">p-</emphasis>
|
||
amastigophores and spirocysts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="25F62A14DB12FFBD896BF899FEFEF8E4" box="[281,379,1836,1860]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1726,1749]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 9. — Aiptasia pallida. (A) Oral view. (B) Lateral view. (C) Tentacles view. (D) Cross section through distal column. (E) Cross section through proximal column. (F – S) Cnidae. — tentacle: (F) basitrich, (G) basitrich, (H) microbasic p - amastigophore, (I) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (J) basitrich, (K) microbasic p - amastigophore; column: (L) basitrich, (M) basitrich, (N) microbasic p - amastigophore; filament: (O) basitrich, (P) microbasic p - amastigophore, (Q) microbasic p - amastigophore; acontia: (R) basitrich, (S) microbasic p - amastigophore. Abbreviations. — ac: acontia, c: column, ci: cinclides, fi: filament, od: oral disc, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, t: tentacle. Scale bars. — A – C: 10 mm; D – E: 200 µm; F – R: 25 µm; S: 17. 5 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212674/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
F–S; see
|
||
<tableCitation id="F04F032ADB12FFBD8996F899FDB9F8E4" box="[484,572,1836,1860]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="12.[119,207,467,490]" captionTargetBox="[133,1910,555,1686]" captionText="TABLE 2. — Size and distribution of cnidae from preserved specimens examined. “ ml ” and “ mw ” are the means (length and width respectively), “ dl ” and “ dw ” are the standard deviations (length and width respectively), all in µm. “ # 1 ” and “ # 2 ” is the number of capsules measured per each specimen examined, “ p ” is the proportion of animals examined with respective type of cnida present." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E9B26619DB07FFA88805FE66FD4BFD87" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" tableUuid="E9B26619DB07FFA88805FE66FD4BFD87">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F5D7651ADB12FFBD88B5F8FAFD4BF874" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD723691DB12FFBD88B5F8FAFD4BF874" blockId="25.[151,1437,1295,2004]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Natural history.—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB12FFBD89E7F8E5FDC8F8C8" box="[405,589,1872,1896]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB12FFBD89E7F8E5FDC8F8C8" box="[405,589,1872,1896]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Aiptasia pallida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lives in shallow waters attached to small rocks and submerged lumber, between the patches of sand and seagrass of the lagoon-reef zone, sometimes epiphytic on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB12FFBD8CD9F8C1FA19F82C" box="[1195,1436,1908,1932]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alismatales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="testudinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB12FFBD8CD9F8C1FA19F82C" box="[1195,1436,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Thalassia testudinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
leaves, between
|
||
<quantity id="7A359B74DB12FFBD8921F822FE19F80F" box="[339,412,1943,1967]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="3.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="1.0">1–6 m</quantity>
|
||
depth. It often forms aggregations as a result of asexual reproduction by pedal laceration (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB12FFBD88ECF809FEC1F874" author="Carlgren" box="[158,324,1980,2004]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Carlgren, O. (1949) A survey of the Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria. Kunglia Svenska Vetenskaps- Akademiens Handlingar, 1, 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1949">Carlgren 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB12FFBD8922F809FE6FF874" author="Clayton" box="[336,490,1980,2004]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Clayton, W. S. (1985) Pedal laceration by the anemone Aiptasia pallida. Marine Ecology, 21, 75 - 80." type="journal article" year="1985">Clayton 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB12FFBD8984F809FD44F874" author="Cairns" box="[502,705,1980,2004]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Cairns, S., den Hartog, J. C. & Arneson, C. (1986) Class Anthozoa (Corals, Anemones). In: Sterrer, W. & Schoepfer-Sterrer, C. (Eds.), Marine Fauna and Flora of Bermuda, John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 164 - 194." type="book chapter" year="1986">
|
||
Cairns
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB12FFBD8A34F808FDFDF874" box="[582,632,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1986
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="E9B26619DB11FFBE88E5F90BFE40F82C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212674/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" targetBox="[151,1435,193,1703]" targetPageId="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD723691DB11FFBE88E5F90BFE40F82C" blockId="26.[151,1437,1726,1932]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB11FFBE88E5F90BFE96F973" bold="true" box="[151,275,1726,1749]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB11FFBE895FF90AFE55F974" box="[301,464,1726,1748]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB11FFBE895FF90AFE55F974" box="[301,464,1726,1748]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Aiptasia pallida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A) Oral view. (B) Lateral view. (C) Tentacles view. (D) Cross section through distal column. (E) Cross section through proximal column. (F–S) Cnidae.—tentacle: (F) basitrich, (G) basitrich, (H) microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB11FFBE8DF5F96BFA11F953" box="[1415,1428,1758,1779]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">p</emphasis>
|
||
- amastigophore, (I) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (J) basitrich, (K) microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB11FFBE8BCEF949FC4DF8B1" box="[956,968,1788,1809]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">p</emphasis>
|
||
-amastigophore; column: (L) basitrich, (M) basitrich, (N) microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB11FFBE89DDF8AEFE39F890" box="[431,444,1819,1840]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">p</emphasis>
|
||
-amastigophore; filament: (O) basitrich, (P) microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB11FFBE8C6EF8AEFBADF890" box="[1052,1064,1819,1840]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">p</emphasis>
|
||
-amastigophore, (Q) microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB11FFBE8DF5F8AEFA11F890" box="[1415,1428,1819,1840]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">p</emphasis>
|
||
- amastigophore; acontia: (R) basitrich, (S) microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB11FFBE8AC1F88FFD45F8EF" box="[691,704,1850,1871]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">p</emphasis>
|
||
-amastigophore. Abbreviations.—ac: acontia, c: column, ci: cinclides, fi: filament, od: oral disc, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, t: tentacle. Scale bars.—A–C: 10 mm; D–E: 200 µm; F–R: 25 µm; S: 17.5 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F5D7651ADB11FFBE88B5F80CFA12F855" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD723691DB11FFBE88B5F80CFA12F855" blockId="26.[151,1435,1977,2037]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Distribution.—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB11FFBE891FF80CFD98F871" box="[365,541,1977,2001]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB11FFBE891FF80CFD98F871" box="[365,541,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Aiptasia pallida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DA7601DB11FFBE8AA8F80CFCBAF871" box="[730,831,1977,2001]" name="Bermuda" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DA7601DB11FFBE8B13F80CFC23F871" box="[865,934,1977,2001]" name="Brazil" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, along the entire Caribbean Sea (see
|
||
<tableCitation id="F04F032ADB11FFBE8D48F80CFA0EF871" box="[1338,1419,1977,2001]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[119,206,472,495]" captionText="TABLE 1. — Previous records of actiniarian species through the Caribbean Region. Species are listed alphabetically by genus and species. Citation: 1. — Le Sueur (1817), — Duchassaing (1850), 3. — Duchassaing & Michelotti (1860), 4. — Duchassaing & Michelotti (1864), 5. — McMurrich (1889 a), 6. — McMurrich (1889 b), 7. — McMurrich 1896), 8. — Duerden (1897), 9. — Duerden (1898), 10. — McMurrich (1898), 11. — Duerden (1900), 12. — Verrill (1900), 13. — Verrill (1901), 14. — Duerden (1902 b),. — Verrill (1905), 16. — Pax (1910), 17. — Hargitt (1911), 18. — Watzl (1922), 19. — Pax (1924), 20. — Carlgren (1942), 21. — Carlgren (1952), 22. — Carlgren & Hedgpeth 1952), 23. — Hedgpeth (1954), 24. — Lewis (1960), 25. — Corrêa (1964), 26. — Riemann-Zürneck (1972), 27. — Belém & Preslercravo (1973), 28. — Corrêa (1973),. — Hanlon & Kaufman (1976), 30. — Widersten (1976), 31. — Manjarrés (1977), 32. — Manjarrés (1978), 33. — Dunn (1981), 34. — Herrera-Moreno (1981), 35. — Cubit & Williams (1983), 36. — Knowlton & Keller (1985), 37. — Cairns et al. (1986), 38. — Riemann-Zürneck (1986), 39. — Belém & Schlenz (1989), 40. — McCommas (1991),. — Ocaña et al. (1991), 42. — Schlenz & Belém (1992), 43. — Belém et al. (1996), 44. — INE (1998 a), 45. — INE (1998 b), 46. — Zamponi et al. (1998), 47. — INE (2000),. — Lalana et al. (2001), 49. — Sánchez-Rodríguez et al. (2001), 50. — Varela (2001), 51. — Amaral et al. (2002), 52. — Barrios-Suárez et al. (2002), 53. — Herrera-Moreno & Betancourt (2002), 54. — Varela (2002), 55. — Milla et al. (2003), 56. — Daly & den Hartog (2004), 57. — Uchida (2004), 58. — Sánchez-Rodríguez & Cruz-Vázquez (2006),. — Monroy-Estrada et al. (2007), 60. — Morales-Landa et al. (2007), 61. — Ocaña et al. (2007), 62. — Jordán-Dahlgren (2008), 63. — Cortés (2009), 64. — Fautin & Daly 2009), 65. — Amaral et al. (2009), 66. — Garese et al. (2009). N = New record. (a): Northern coast of Brazil includes: St. Peter and St. Paul Archipelago, Rocas Atoll Archipelago, Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, and the coasts of Amapa, Maranhao, Ceará and Sergipe." pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
); however, our specimens represent the first record for the Mexican Caribbean (Puerto Morelos and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DA7601DB11FFBE8CB9F868FB77F855" box="[1227,1266,2013,2037]" name="Iceland" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Isla</collectingCountry>
|
||
Contoy reefs).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F5D7651ADB10FFBF88B5FF22FF5BFDFF" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD723691DB10FFBF88B5FF22FF5BFDFF" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,607]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Remarks.—Five of the 16 currently valid species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB10FFBF8BE6FF2DFC77FF10" box="[916,1010,152,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB10FFBF8BE6FF2DFC77FF10" box="[916,1010,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Aiptasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been recorded in the Caribbean Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB10FFBF88BCFF09FEDFFF74" author="Fautin" box="[206,346,188,212]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Fautin, D. G. (2011) Hexacorallians of the World. Available from: http: // geoportal. kgs. ku. edu / hexacoral / anemone 2 / index. cfm (accessed 3 May 2012)." type="journal article" year="2011">Fautin 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); however, differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB10FFBF8AB6FF09FCB6FF74" box="[708,819,188,212]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB10FFBF8AB6FF09FCB6FF74" box="[708,819,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. pallida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its four Caribbean congeners are unclear based on the scarce information available.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB10FFBF8A61FF55FBC4FF57" authority="Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing & Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" box="[531,1089,223,248]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="inula">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB10FFBF8A61FF55FD36FF58" box="[531,691,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Aiptasia inula</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB10FFBF8AB1FF6AFBBCFF57" author="Duchassaing" box="[707,1081,223,247]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Duchassaing, P. & Michelotti, G. (1864) Supplement au memoire sur les Coralliaires des Antilles. Imprimerie Royale, Turin, 112 pp." type="book" year="1864">Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has only one row of cinclides and the oral disc could be yellow or blue (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB10FFBF8A1CFEB1FC57FEBC" author="Duchassaing" box="[622,978,260,284]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Duchassaing, P. & Michelotti, G. (1864) Supplement au memoire sur les Coralliaires des Antilles. Imprimerie Royale, Turin, 112 pp." type="book" year="1864">Duchassaing & Micheloti 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB10FFBF8BACFEB1FBF7FEBC" author="Andres" box="[990,1138,260,284]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Andres, A. (1883) Le Attinie. Coi Tipi der Salviucci, Roma, 1, 460 pp." type="book" year="1883">Andres 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB10FFBF8CF4FEB1FEFBFE9F" authority="Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing & Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mimosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB10FFBF8CF4FEB1FB79FEBC" box="[1158,1276,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. mimosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB10FFBF8D79FEB1FEF0FE9F" author="Duchassaing" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Duchassaing, P. & Michelotti, G. (1864) Supplement au memoire sur les Coralliaires des Antilles. Imprimerie Royale, Turin, 112 pp." type="book" year="1864">Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 50–60 tentacles arranged in three cycles and the oral disc is dark red (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB10FFBF8C99FE92FED5FEC4" author="Duchassaing" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Duchassaing, P. & Michelotti, G. (1864) Supplement au memoire sur les Coralliaires des Antilles. Imprimerie Royale, Turin, 112 pp." type="book" year="1864">Duchassaing & Michelotti 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB10FFBF892CFEF9FE71FEC4" author="Andres" box="[350,500,332,356]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Andres, A. (1883) Le Attinie. Coi Tipi der Salviucci, Roma, 1, 460 pp." type="book" year="1883">Andres 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB10FFBF8A78FEF9FCA6FEC4" authority="Pax, 1910" authorityName="Pax" authorityYear="1910" box="[522,803,332,356]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="leiodactyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB10FFBF8A78FEF9FD2DFEC4" box="[522,680,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. leiodactyla</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB10FFBF8AC3FEF8FCA6FEC4" author="Pax" box="[689,803,332,356]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Pax, F. (1910) Studien an westindischen Actinien. Zoologische Jahrbucher, 2, 157 - 330." type="journal article" year="1910">Pax, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks a marginal sphincter muscle and is reported as a protogynous hermaphrodite. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB10FFBF8A06FEDAFC92FE27" author="Sebens" box="[628,791,367,391]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Sebens, K. P. (1998) Anthozoa: Actiniaria, Zoanthidea, Corallimorpharia, and Ceriantharia. In: Pearce, J. B. (Eds.), Marine Flora and Fauna of the Eastern United States. National Marine Fisheries, Seattle, 141, 1 - 67 pp." type="journal article" year="1998">Sebens (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the most distinctive difference between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB10FFBF8C92FEC5FACBFE28" box="[1248,1358,368,392]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB10FFBF8C92FEC5FACBFE28" box="[1248,1358,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. pallida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB10FFBF8DF6FEC5FDEEFE0C" authority="Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing & Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tagetes">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB10FFBF8DF6FEC5FF62FE0C" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. tagetes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB10FFBF8886FE21FDE6FE0C" author="Duchassaing" box="[244,611,404,428]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Duchassaing, P. & Michelotti, G. (1864) Supplement au memoire sur les Coralliaires des Antilles. Imprimerie Royale, Turin, 112 pp." type="book" year="1864">Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the presence of two (rarely one or three) prominent transversal rows of cinclides in the former, and the lack of distinct rows of cinclides in the latter; however,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB10FFBF8C01FE02FF64FE54" author="Duchassaing" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Duchassaing, P. & Michelotti, G. (1864) Supplement au memoire sur les Coralliaires des Antilles. Imprimerie Royale, Turin, 112 pp." type="book" year="1864">Duchassaing & Michelotti (1864)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
describe two rows of cinclides in the middle of column of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB10FFBF8B0EFE69FC6EFE54" box="[892,1003,476,500]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tagetes">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB10FFBF8B0EFE69FC6EFE54" box="[892,1003,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. tagetes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Some studies consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB10FFBF8C8FFE69FAE9FE54" box="[1277,1388,476,500]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB10FFBF8C8FFE69FAE9FE54" box="[1277,1388,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. pallida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB10FFBF88E5FDB5FE8DFDB8" box="[151,264,512,536]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tagetes">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB10FFBF88E5FDB5FE8DFDB8" box="[151,264,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. tagetes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
synonyms (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB10FFBF89E6FE4AFDA3FDB7" author="Correa" box="[404,550,511,535]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Correa, D. D. (1964) Corallimorpharia e Actiniaria do Atlantico Oeste Tropical. Universidade de Sao Paulo, 39 pp." type="book" year="1964">Corrêa 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB10FFBF8A46FDB5FCB5FDB7" author="Herrera-Moreno" box="[564,816,511,535]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Herrera-Moreno, A. (1981) Nuevos registros de anemonas (Coelenterata: Actiniaria y Corallimorpharia) para aguas cubanas. Poeyana, 214, 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1981">Herrera-Moreno 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB10FFBF8B4DFE4AFB94FDB7" author="Cairns" box="[831,1041,511,536]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Cairns, S., den Hartog, J. C. & Arneson, C. (1986) Class Anthozoa (Corals, Anemones). In: Sterrer, W. & Schoepfer-Sterrer, C. (Eds.), Marine Fauna and Flora of Bermuda, John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 164 - 194." type="book chapter" year="1986">
|
||
Cairns
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB10FFBF8BE3FDB4FC40FDB8" box="[913,965,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1986
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB10FFBF8CCDFE4AFAD9FDB7" author="Fautin" box="[1215,1372,511,535]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Fautin, D. G. (2011) Hexacorallians of the World. Available from: http: // geoportal. kgs. ku. edu / hexacoral / anemone 2 / index. cfm (accessed 3 May 2012)." type="journal article" year="2011">Fautin (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, both species are valid. A thorough revision of Caribbean species of genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB10FFBF8BD7FD91FB86FD9C" box="[933,1027,548,572]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Aiptasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB10FFBF8BD7FD91FB86FD9C" box="[933,1027,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Aiptasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is needed to clarify their taxonomic status.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |