490 lines
70 KiB
XML
490 lines
70 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="EA401047FA005D8FF9C7071B0E26789F">First Inventory of Sea Anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) of the Mexican Caribbean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5150281492ED40880669BF509177124E">Gonzalez-Muñoz, Ricardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6AFA6D9117212577C7A933A65F0C07AD">Simões, Nuno</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D127C5F35AF065588A1970488B3B0141">Sanchez-Rodriguez, Judith</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3978B5C641F5A99B30EE9F3FE97406C4">Rodriguez, Estefania</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="36E12B832B40B608373DAA22D106C524">Segura-Puertas, Lourdes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="D1F2B240F785579A43DBA5B7B2B67705">2012</mods:date>
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<treatment id="35648787DB04FFB588E5FB88FDBCFCF1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6180909" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119555669" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6180909" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:35648787DB04FFB588E5FB88FDBCFCF1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/35648787DB04FFB588E5FB88FDBCFCF1" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<subSubSection id="F5D7651ADB04FFAB88E5FB88FD31FBF7" box="[151,692,1085,1111]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BD723691DB04FFAB88E5FB88FD31FBF7" blockId="15.[151,692,1085,1143]" box="[151,692,1085,1111]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<heading id="E63A81FDDB04FFAB88E5FB88FD31FBF7" bold="true" box="[151,692,1085,1111]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB04FFAB88E5FB88FD31FBF7" ID-CoL="695PY" authority="Le Sueur, 1817" authorityName="Le Sueur" authorityYear="1817" box="[151,692,1085,1111]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="granuliferum">
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<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB04FFAB88E5FB88FD31FBF7" bold="true" box="[151,692,1085,1111]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB04FFAB88E5FB88FE64FBF7" bold="true" box="[151,481,1085,1111]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bunodosoma granuliferum</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB04FFAB8982FB88FD29FBF7" author="Le" box="[496,684,1085,1111]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Le Sueur, C. A. (1817) Observations on several species of the genus Actinia; illustrated by figures. Journal of the Academic of Sciences of Philadelphia, 1, 149 - 154, 169 - 189." type="journal article" year="1817">Le Sueur, 1817</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F5D7651ADB04FFAB88E5FBEAFEECFBD7" box="[151,361,1119,1143]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
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<paragraph id="BD723691DB04FFAB88E5FBEAFEECFBD7" blockId="15.[151,692,1085,1143]" box="[151,361,1119,1143]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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(
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<figureCitation id="25F62A14DB04FFAB88ECFBEAFE85FBD7" box="[158,256,1119,1143]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[160,1423,354,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[160,1424,354,1841]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. — Bunodosoma granuliferum. (A) Live specimen, lateral view. (B) Oral view. (C) Pedal disc view. (D) Lateral view. (E) Cross section through distal column. (F) Longitudinal section through column margin. (G – Q) Cnidae. — tentacles: (G) basitrich, (H) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (I) basitrich, (J) basitrich, (K) microbasic p - mastigophore; column: (L) basitrich, (M) basitrich; acrorhagi: (N) basitrich, (O) holotrich; filament: (P) basitrich, (Q) microbasic p - mastigophore. Abbreviations. — acr: acrorhagi, c: column, fo: fossa, msp: marginal sphincter, od: oral disc, pb: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, t: tentacle, ve: vesicle. Scale bars. — A – D: 10 mm; E – F: 200 µm; G – Q: 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212669/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 4</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="F04F032ADB04FFAB897EFBEAFEE5FBD7" box="[268,352,1119,1143]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="12.[119,207,467,490]" captionTargetBox="[133,1910,555,1686]" captionText="TABLE 2. — Size and distribution of cnidae from preserved specimens examined. “ ml ” and “ mw ” are the means (length and width respectively), “ dl ” and “ dw ” are the standard deviations (length and width respectively), all in µm. “ # 1 ” and “ # 2 ” is the number of capsules measured per each specimen examined, “ p ” is the proportion of animals examined with respective type of cnida present." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E9B26619DB07FFA88805FE66FD4BFD87" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" tableUuid="E9B26619DB07FFA88805FE66FD4BFD87">Table 2</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F5D7651ADB04FFAB88E5FB1CFDEBF9EC" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="BD723691DB04FFAB88E5FB1CFDB1FB1D" blockId="15.[151,927,1192,1613]" box="[151,564,1192,1214]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="9DDD11BFDB04FFAB88E5FB1CFDB1FB1D" box="[151,564,1192,1214]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB04FFAB88E5FB1CFDB4FB1D" ID-CoL="9T8T" authority="Le Sueur, 1817: 173" authorityName="Le Sueur" authorityPageNumber="173" authorityYear="1817" box="[151,561,1192,1214]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Actinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="granulifera">
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<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB04FFAB88E5FB1CFEDCFB1E" box="[151,345,1192,1214]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Actinia granulifera</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="3C6C1080DB04FFAB8912FB1CFDB4FB1D" author="Le" box="[352,561,1192,1214]" page="173" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1817">
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<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB04FFAB8912FB1CFE7BFB1D" author="Le" box="[352,510,1192,1214]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Le Sueur, C. A. (1817) Observations on several species of the genus Actinia; illustrated by figures. Journal of the Academic of Sciences of Philadelphia, 1, 149 - 154, 169 - 189." type="journal article" year="1817">Le Sueur, 1817</bibRefCitation>
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: 173
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BD723691DB04FFAB88E5FB7DFDDEFB7C" blockId="15.[151,927,1192,1613]" box="[151,603,1222,1245]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="9DDD11BFDB04FFAB88E5FB7DFDDEFB7C" box="[151,603,1222,1245]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB04FFAB88E5FB7DFEC5FB7D" ID-CoL="7Q5YJ" authority="Lessoni" authorityName="Lessoni" box="[151,320,1224,1245]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Urticina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB04FFAB88E5FB7DFEC5FB7D" box="[151,320,1224,1245]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Urticina Lessoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
[
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<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB04FFAB893DFB7DFEEEFB7D" box="[335,363,1224,1245]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">sic</emphasis>
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]
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<treatmentCitation id="3C6C1080DB04FFAB8908FB73FDD2FB7C" author="Duchassaing" box="[378,599,1222,1244]" page="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1850">
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<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB04FFAB8908FB73FDBBFB7C" author="Duchassaing" box="[378,574,1222,1244]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Duchassaing, P. (1850) Animaux Radiaires des Antilles. Plon Freres, Paris, 33 pp." type="book" year="1850">Duchassaing, 1850</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 9
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="BD723691DB04FFAB88E5FB50FD06FB5B" blockId="15.[151,927,1192,1613]" box="[151,643,1253,1275]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="9DDD11BFDB04FFAB88E5FB50FD06FB5B" box="[151,643,1253,1275]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB04FFAB88E5FB50FD05FB5B" ID-CoL="4B8R8" authority="Milne-Edwards, 1857: 293" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityPageNumber="293" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,640,1253,1275]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Oulactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="granulifera">
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<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB04FFAB88E5FB50FEE3FB5B" box="[151,358,1253,1275]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Oulactis granulifera</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="3C6C1080DB04FFAB891EFB50FD05FB5B" author="Milne-Edwards" box="[364,640,1253,1275]" page="293" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1857">
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<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB04FFAB891EFB50FDC8FB5B" author="Milne-Edwards" box="[364,589,1253,1275]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Milne-Edwards, H. (1857) Historie Naturelle des Coralliaries ou Polypes Proprement Dits, vol. 1. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 326 pp." type="book" year="1857">Milne-Edwards, 1857</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 293
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9DDD11BFDB04FFAB88E5FAB0FDC6FA34" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<paragraph id="BD723691DB04FFAB88E5FAB0FD60FAB9" blockId="15.[151,927,1192,1613]" box="[151,741,1283,1306]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB04FFAB88E5FAB0FD64FAB9" ID-CoL="7F3MQ" authority="Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860: 42" authorityName="Duchassaing & Michelotti" authorityPageNumber="42" authorityYear="1860" box="[151,737,1283,1306]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Urticina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="granulifera">
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<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB04FFAB88E5FAB0FEE3FABA" box="[151,358,1284,1306]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Urticina granulifera</emphasis>
|
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<treatmentCitation id="3C6C1080DB04FFAB891EFAB6FD64FAB9" author="Duchassaing" box="[364,737,1283,1305]" page="42" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1860">
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<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB04FFAB891EFAB6FD3EFAB9" author="Duchassaing" box="[364,699,1283,1305]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Duchassaing, P. & Michelotti, G. (1860) Memoire sur les Coralliaires des Antilles. Imprimerie Royale, Turin, 89 pp." type="book" year="1860">Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 42
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BD723691DB04FFAB88E5FA96FC1AFA98" blockId="15.[151,927,1192,1613]" box="[151,927,1314,1336]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB04FFAB88E5FA96FEB7FA98" ID-CoL="7NSC7" authority="Lessoni" authorityName="Lessoni" box="[151,306,1315,1336]" class="Anthozoa" family="Sagartiidae" genus="Cereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB04FFAB88E5FA96FEB7FA98" box="[151,306,1315,1336]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cereus Lessoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
[
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<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB04FFAB8932FA96FED9FA98" box="[320,348,1315,1336]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">sic</emphasis>
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]
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3C6C1080DB04FFAB8919FA97FD5AFA98" author="Duchassaing" box="[363,735,1314,1336]" page="42" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1860">
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<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB04FFAB8919FA97FD3FFA98" author="Duchassaing" box="[363,698,1314,1336]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Duchassaing, P. & Michelotti, G. (1860) Memoire sur les Coralliaires des Antilles. Imprimerie Royale, Turin, 89 pp." type="book" year="1860">Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 42
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. VI, fig. 13, 14.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="BD723691DB04FFAB88E5FAF4FC12FAF7" blockId="15.[151,927,1192,1613]" box="[151,919,1345,1367]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB04FFAB88E5FAF4FC8CFAF7" ID-CoL="67FJL" authority="Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 32" authorityName="Duchassaing & Michelotti" authorityPageNumber="32" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,777,1345,1367]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="granulifera">
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||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB04FFAB88E5FAF4FE0AFAF7" box="[151,399,1345,1367]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Anthopleura granulifera</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3C6C1080DB04FFAB89E7FAF4FC8CFAF7" author="Duchassaing" box="[405,777,1345,1367]" page="32" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1864">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB04FFAB89E7FAF4FD66FAF7" author="Duchassaing" box="[405,739,1345,1367]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Duchassaing, P. & Michelotti, G. (1864) Supplement au memoire sur les Coralliaires des Antilles. Imprimerie Royale, Turin, 112 pp." type="book" year="1864">Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 32
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, Pl. III, fig. 8.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="BD723691DB04FFAB88E5FAD5FD38FAD5" blockId="15.[151,927,1192,1613]" box="[151,701,1376,1398]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB04FFAB88E5FAD5FE10FAD6" ID-CoL="7NP8T" authority="Granulifera" authorityName="Granulifera" box="[151,405,1376,1398]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB04FFAB88E5FAD5FE10FAD6" box="[151,405,1376,1398]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Anthopleura Granulifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB04FFAB89D1FAD4FE3AFAD6" box="[419,447,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">sic</emphasis>
|
||
]
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3C6C1080DB04FFAB89BCFAD5FD3DFAD5" author="Duchassaing" box="[462,696,1376,1398]" page="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1870">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB04FFAB89BCFAD5FD17FAD5" author="Duchassaing" box="[462,658,1376,1398]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Duchassaing, P. (1870) Revue des Zoophytes et des Spongiaires des Antilles. Chez Victor Masson et Fils, Paris, 52 pp." type="book" year="1870">Duchassaing, 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 20
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD723691DB04FFAB88E5FACAFDC6FA34" blockId="15.[151,927,1192,1613]" box="[151,579,1406,1429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB04FFAB88E5FACAFDBAFA34" authority="Andres, 1883: 230" authorityName="Andres" authorityPageNumber="230" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,575,1406,1429]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Aulactinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="granulifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB04FFAB88E5FACAFEFFFA35" box="[151,378,1407,1429]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Aulactinia granulifera</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3C6C1080DB04FFAB89F2FACBFDBAFA34" author="Andres" box="[384,575,1406,1428]" page="230" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1883">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB04FFAB89F2FACBFD89FA34" author="Andres" box="[384,524,1406,1428]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Andres, A. (1883) Le Attinie. Coi Tipi der Salviucci, Roma, 1, 460 pp." type="book" year="1883">Andres, 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 230
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD723691DB04FFAB88E5FA28FDF5FA13" blockId="15.[151,927,1192,1613]" box="[151,624,1437,1459]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9DDD11BFDB04FFAB88E5FA28FDF5FA13" box="[151,624,1437,1459]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB04FFAB88E5FA28FDC1FA13" authority="McMurrich, 1889a: 23" authorityName="McMurrich" authorityPageNumber="23" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,580,1437,1459]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="taeniathus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB04FFAB88E5FA28FED2FA13" box="[151,343,1437,1459]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bunodes taeniathus</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3C6C1080DB04FFAB892FFA28FDC1FA13" author="McMurrich" box="[349,580,1437,1459]" page="23" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1889">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB04FFAB892FFA28FDA5FA13" author="McMurrich" box="[349,544,1437,1459]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="McMurrich, J. P. (1889 a) The Actiniaria of the Bahama Islands, W. I. Journal of Morphology, 3, 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="1889" yearSuffix="a">McMurrich, 1889a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 23
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–27.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD723691DB04FFAB88E5FA09FDAFFA71" blockId="15.[151,927,1192,1613]" box="[151,554,1467,1490]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9DDD11BFDB04FFAB88E5FA09FDAFFA71" box="[151,554,1467,1490]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB04FFAB88E5FA09FDA0FA71" ID-CoL="NVD5" authority="Carlgren, 1895: 285" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityPageNumber="285" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,549,1467,1490]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="taeniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB04FFAB88E5FA09FED4FA72" box="[151,337,1468,1490]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bunodes taeniatus</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3C6C1080DB04FFAB8925FA0EFDA0FA71" author="Carlgren" box="[343,549,1467,1489]" page="285" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1895">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB04FFAB8925FA0EFE71FA71" author="Carlgren" box="[343,500,1467,1489]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Carlgren, O. (1895) Jahresbeichte fur 1889, 1890, und 1891 uber die Anthozoen. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 61, 235 - 298." type="journal article" year="1895">Carlgren, 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 285
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD723691DB04FFAB88E5FA6FFDBAFA50" blockId="15.[151,927,1192,1613]" box="[151,575,1498,1520]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9DDD11BFDB04FFAB88E5FA6FFDBAFA50" box="[151,575,1498,1520]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB04FFAB88E5FA6FFDBEFA50" ID-CoL="NVC8" authority="Duerden, 1897: 454" authorityName="Duerden" authorityPageNumber="454" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,571,1498,1520]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="granulifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB04FFAB88E5FA6FFEEDFA50" box="[151,360,1498,1520]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bunodes granulifera</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3C6C1080DB04FFAB891CFA6FFDBEFA50" author="Duerden" box="[366,571,1498,1520]" page="454" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1897">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB04FFAB891CFA6FFD8CFA50" author="Duerden" box="[366,521,1498,1520]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Duerden, J. E. (1897) The actiniarian family Aliciidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 20, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1897">Duerden, 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 454
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD723691DB04FFAB88E5FA4CFDFFF9AF" blockId="15.[151,927,1192,1613]" box="[151,634,1529,1551]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9DDD11BFDB04FFAB88E5FA4CFDFFF9AF" box="[151,634,1529,1551]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB04FFAB88E5FA4CFDCAF9AF" ID-CoL="7F3MQ" authority="Verrill, 1899a: 44" authorityName="Verrill" authorityPageNumber="44" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,591,1529,1551]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="granulifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB04FFAB88E5FA4CFE11F9AF" box="[151,404,1529,1551]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bunodosoma granulifera</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3C6C1080DB04FFAB89E9FA4CFDCAF9AF" author="Verrill" box="[411,591,1529,1551]" page="44" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1899">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB04FFAB89E9FA4CFDAFF9AF" author="Verrill" box="[411,554,1529,1551]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1899 a) Descriptions of imperfectly known and new actinians, with critical notes on other species, II. American Journal of Science and Arts, 7, 41 - 50." type="journal article" year="1899" yearSuffix="a">Verrill, 1899a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 44
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–45.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9DDD11BFDB04FFAB88E5F9ADFDEBF9EC" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD723691DB04FFAB88E5F9ADFC9DF98D" blockId="15.[151,927,1192,1613]" box="[151,792,1560,1582]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB04FFAB88E5F9ADFDCDF98E" ID-CoL="695PY" authority="Pax, 1910: 162" authorityName="Pax" authorityPageNumber="162" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,584,1560,1582]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="granuliferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB04FFAB88E5F9ADFE22F98E" box="[151,423,1560,1582]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bunodosoma granuliferum</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3C6C1080DB04FFAB89DFF9ACFDCDF98E" author="Pax" box="[429,584,1560,1582]" page="162" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1910">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB04FFAB89DFF9ACFD92F98D" author="Pax" box="[429,535,1560,1582]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Pax, F. (1910) Studien an westindischen Actinien. Zoologische Jahrbucher, 2, 157 - 330." type="journal article" year="1910">Pax, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 162
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 164, 165, 184–189.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD723691DB04FFAB88E5F982FDEBF9EC" blockId="15.[151,927,1192,1613]" box="[151,622,1590,1613]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB04FFAB88E5F982FDEFF9EC" ID-CoL="4HDJB" authority="Stephenson, 1922: 285" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityPageNumber="285" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,618,1590,1613]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Phymactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="granulifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB04FFAB88E5F982FEFCF9ED" box="[151,377,1591,1613]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Phymactis granulifera</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3C6C1080DB04FFAB89F2F983FDEFF9EC" author="Stephenson" box="[384,618,1590,1612]" page="285" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1922">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB04FFAB89F2F983FDBDF9EC" author="Stephenson" box="[384,568,1590,1612]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Stephenson, T. A. (1922) On the classification of Actiniaria. Part III. Definitions connected with the forms dealt with in Part II. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 66, 247 - 319." type="journal article" year="1922">Stephenson, 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 285
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F5D7651ADB04FFAB88E5F9C2FD9EF912" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD723691DB04FFAB88E5F9C2FD9EF912" blockId="15.[151,1437,1655,2026]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Material examined.—
|
||
<materialsCitation id="0DA53CCCDB04FFAB89F9F9C2FBEEF92F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416638309" box="[395,1131,1655,1679]" country="Mexico" latitude="20.927536" location="Puerto Morelos" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-86.83304" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="7">
|
||
<location id="B812604ADB04FFAB89F9F9C2FDBCF92F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:35648787DB04FFB588E5FB88FDBCFCF1:B812604ADB04FFAB89F9F9C2FDBCF92F" box="[395,569,1655,1679]" latitude="20.927536" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-86.83304" name="Puerto Morelos" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Puerto Morelos</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D8F95056DB04FFAB8A3BF9C2FD7AF92F" box="[585,767,1655,1679]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="1" value="20.927536">20°55’39.13” N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D8F95056DB04FFAB8B78F9C2FC43F92F" box="[778,966,1655,1679]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="1" value="-86.83304">86°49’58.93” W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="ABCBFD18DB04FFAB8BA3F9CDFBE5F92F" box="[977,1120,1655,1679]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="generic">7 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="0DA53CCCDB04FFAB8C00F9C2FD9EF912" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416638303" country="Mexico" latitude="21.471384" location="Isla Contoy" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-86.79108" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="2">
|
||
<location id="B812604ADB04FFAB8C00F9C2FB76F92F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:35648787DB04FFB588E5FB88FDBCFCF1:B812604ADB04FFAB8C00F9C2FB76F92F" box="[1138,1267,1655,1679]" latitude="21.471384" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-86.79108" name="Isla Contoy" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Isla Contoy</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D8F95056DB04FFAB8D71F9C2FF2BF912" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="1" value="21.471384">21°28’16.98” N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D8F95056DB04FFAB88CBF92FFEF0F912" box="[185,373,1690,1714]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="1" value="-86.79108">86°47’27.87” W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="ABCBFD18DB04FFAB89F2F92FFD8AF912" box="[384,527,1690,1714]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F5D7651ADB04FFB488B5F908FC32FE9A" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD723691DB04FFB488B5F908FC32FE9A" blockId="15.[151,1437,1655,2026]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1436,151,315]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Diagnosis.—Fully expanded tentacles and oral disc to
|
||
<quantity id="7A359B74DB04FFAB8B40F908FC15F975" box="[818,912,1725,1749]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Oral disc
|
||
<quantity id="7A359B74DB04FFAB8CE6F908FA8BF975" box="[1172,1294,1725,1749]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="40.0" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="10.0">10–70 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, smooth, flat, olive-green or reddish-brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="25F62A14DB04FFAB8AFCF96AFD77F957" box="[654,754,1759,1783]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[160,1423,354,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[160,1424,354,1841]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. — Bunodosoma granuliferum. (A) Live specimen, lateral view. (B) Oral view. (C) Pedal disc view. (D) Lateral view. (E) Cross section through distal column. (F) Longitudinal section through column margin. (G – Q) Cnidae. — tentacles: (G) basitrich, (H) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (I) basitrich, (J) basitrich, (K) microbasic p - mastigophore; column: (L) basitrich, (M) basitrich; acrorhagi: (N) basitrich, (O) holotrich; filament: (P) basitrich, (Q) microbasic p - mastigophore. Abbreviations. — acr: acrorhagi, c: column, fo: fossa, msp: marginal sphincter, od: oral disc, pb: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, t: tentacle, ve: vesicle. Scale bars. — A – D: 10 mm; E – F: 200 µm; G – Q: 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212669/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Tentacles 48–96, hexamerously arranged in four or five cycles, simple, conical, moderately long,
|
||
<quantity id="7A359B74DB04FFAB8A07F8B7FD74F8BA" box="[629,753,1794,1818]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="10.0">10–30 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, smooth, tapering distally, inner ones longer than outer ones, contractile, olive-green to green-greyish, often with white spots and flashes of pink or purple (
|
||
<figureCitation id="25F62A14DB04FFAB8D23F890FF23F8FF" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[160,1423,354,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[160,1424,354,1841]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. — Bunodosoma granuliferum. (A) Live specimen, lateral view. (B) Oral view. (C) Pedal disc view. (D) Lateral view. (E) Cross section through distal column. (F) Longitudinal section through column margin. (G – Q) Cnidae. — tentacles: (G) basitrich, (H) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (I) basitrich, (J) basitrich, (K) microbasic p - mastigophore; column: (L) basitrich, (M) basitrich; acrorhagi: (N) basitrich, (O) holotrich; filament: (P) basitrich, (Q) microbasic p - mastigophore. Abbreviations. — acr: acrorhagi, c: column, fo: fossa, msp: marginal sphincter, od: oral disc, pb: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, t: tentacle, ve: vesicle. Scale bars. — A – D: 10 mm; E – F: 200 µm; G – Q: 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212669/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B–D). Deep fossa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="25F62A14DB04FFAB89F2F8F2FE66F8FF" box="[384,483,1863,1887]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[160,1423,354,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[160,1424,354,1841]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. — Bunodosoma granuliferum. (A) Live specimen, lateral view. (B) Oral view. (C) Pedal disc view. (D) Lateral view. (E) Cross section through distal column. (F) Longitudinal section through column margin. (G – Q) Cnidae. — tentacles: (G) basitrich, (H) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (I) basitrich, (J) basitrich, (K) microbasic p - mastigophore; column: (L) basitrich, (M) basitrich; acrorhagi: (N) basitrich, (O) holotrich; filament: (P) basitrich, (Q) microbasic p - mastigophore. Abbreviations. — acr: acrorhagi, c: column, fo: fossa, msp: marginal sphincter, od: oral disc, pb: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, t: tentacle, ve: vesicle. Scale bars. — A – D: 10 mm; E – F: 200 µm; G – Q: 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212669/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Margin with acrorhagi (
|
||
<figureCitation id="25F62A14DB04FFAB8B6BF8F2FCF9F8FF" box="[793,892,1863,1887]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[160,1423,354,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[160,1424,354,1841]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. — Bunodosoma granuliferum. (A) Live specimen, lateral view. (B) Oral view. (C) Pedal disc view. (D) Lateral view. (E) Cross section through distal column. (F) Longitudinal section through column margin. (G – Q) Cnidae. — tentacles: (G) basitrich, (H) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (I) basitrich, (J) basitrich, (K) microbasic p - mastigophore; column: (L) basitrich, (M) basitrich; acrorhagi: (N) basitrich, (O) holotrich; filament: (P) basitrich, (Q) microbasic p - mastigophore. Abbreviations. — acr: acrorhagi, c: column, fo: fossa, msp: marginal sphincter, od: oral disc, pb: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, t: tentacle, ve: vesicle. Scale bars. — A – D: 10 mm; E – F: 200 µm; G – Q: 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212669/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Column cylindrical,
|
||
<quantity id="7A359B74DB04FFAB8CE0F8F2FB7BF8FF" box="[1170,1278,1863,1887]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="30.5" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="6.0">6–55 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height and
|
||
<quantity id="7A359B74DB04FFAB88E5F8DFFE80F822" box="[151,261,1898,1922]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="22.0" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="6.0">6–38 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, densely covered with rounded non-adhesive vesicles arranged in 24 alternating dark and light bands (
|
||
<figureCitation id="25F62A14DB04FFAB8952F838FE05F805" box="[288,384,1933,1957]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[160,1423,354,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[160,1424,354,1841]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. — Bunodosoma granuliferum. (A) Live specimen, lateral view. (B) Oral view. (C) Pedal disc view. (D) Lateral view. (E) Cross section through distal column. (F) Longitudinal section through column margin. (G – Q) Cnidae. — tentacles: (G) basitrich, (H) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (I) basitrich, (J) basitrich, (K) microbasic p - mastigophore; column: (L) basitrich, (M) basitrich; acrorhagi: (N) basitrich, (O) holotrich; filament: (P) basitrich, (Q) microbasic p - mastigophore. Abbreviations. — acr: acrorhagi, c: column, fo: fossa, msp: marginal sphincter, od: oral disc, pb: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, t: tentacle, ve: vesicle. Scale bars. — A – D: 10 mm; E – F: 200 µm; G – Q: 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212669/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A, D); dark bands with about five rows of vesicles, light ones with about three. Pedal disc well developed,
|
||
<quantity id="7A359B74DB04FFAB896BF81AFE03F868" box="[281,390,1967,1992]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="8.0">8–42 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, olive-green to orange (
|
||
<figureCitation id="25F62A14DB04FFAB8B53F81AFC01F867" box="[801,900,1967,1991]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[160,1423,354,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[160,1424,354,1841]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. — Bunodosoma granuliferum. (A) Live specimen, lateral view. (B) Oral view. (C) Pedal disc view. (D) Lateral view. (E) Cross section through distal column. (F) Longitudinal section through column margin. (G – Q) Cnidae. — tentacles: (G) basitrich, (H) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (I) basitrich, (J) basitrich, (K) microbasic p - mastigophore; column: (L) basitrich, (M) basitrich; acrorhagi: (N) basitrich, (O) holotrich; filament: (P) basitrich, (Q) microbasic p - mastigophore. Abbreviations. — acr: acrorhagi, c: column, fo: fossa, msp: marginal sphincter, od: oral disc, pb: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, t: tentacle, ve: vesicle. Scale bars. — A – D: 10 mm; E – F: 200 µm; G – Q: 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212669/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Mesenteries hexamerously arranged in four cycles (48 pairs in specimens examined): first, second and some mesenteries of third cycle perfect, others imperfect. No gametogenic tissue observed in specimens examined. Two pairs of directives each attached to a well developed siphonoglyph (
|
||
<figureCitation id="25F62A14DB1BFFB489C8FF0FFD9EFF72" box="[442,539,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[160,1423,354,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[160,1424,354,1841]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. — Bunodosoma granuliferum. (A) Live specimen, lateral view. (B) Oral view. (C) Pedal disc view. (D) Lateral view. (E) Cross section through distal column. (F) Longitudinal section through column margin. (G – Q) Cnidae. — tentacles: (G) basitrich, (H) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (I) basitrich, (J) basitrich, (K) microbasic p - mastigophore; column: (L) basitrich, (M) basitrich; acrorhagi: (N) basitrich, (O) holotrich; filament: (P) basitrich, (Q) microbasic p - mastigophore. Abbreviations. — acr: acrorhagi, c: column, fo: fossa, msp: marginal sphincter, od: oral disc, pb: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, t: tentacle, ve: vesicle. Scale bars. — A – D: 10 mm; E – F: 200 µm; G – Q: 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212669/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Retractor muscles more or less restricted and strong; parietobasilar muscles well developed with free mesogleal pennon (
|
||
<figureCitation id="25F62A14DB1BFFB48ADEFF68FC97FF55" box="[684,786,221,245]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[160,1423,354,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[160,1424,354,1841]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. — Bunodosoma granuliferum. (A) Live specimen, lateral view. (B) Oral view. (C) Pedal disc view. (D) Lateral view. (E) Cross section through distal column. (F) Longitudinal section through column margin. (G – Q) Cnidae. — tentacles: (G) basitrich, (H) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (I) basitrich, (J) basitrich, (K) microbasic p - mastigophore; column: (L) basitrich, (M) basitrich; acrorhagi: (N) basitrich, (O) holotrich; filament: (P) basitrich, (Q) microbasic p - mastigophore. Abbreviations. — acr: acrorhagi, c: column, fo: fossa, msp: marginal sphincter, od: oral disc, pb: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, t: tentacle, ve: vesicle. Scale bars. — A – D: 10 mm; E – F: 200 µm; G – Q: 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212669/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Basilar muscles well developed. Marginal sphincter muscle endodermal, circumscribed and strong (
|
||
<figureCitation id="25F62A14DB1BFFB48ADFFF4AFC8AFEB7" box="[685,783,255,279]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[160,1423,354,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[160,1424,354,1841]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. — Bunodosoma granuliferum. (A) Live specimen, lateral view. (B) Oral view. (C) Pedal disc view. (D) Lateral view. (E) Cross section through distal column. (F) Longitudinal section through column margin. (G – Q) Cnidae. — tentacles: (G) basitrich, (H) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (I) basitrich, (J) basitrich, (K) microbasic p - mastigophore; column: (L) basitrich, (M) basitrich; acrorhagi: (N) basitrich, (O) holotrich; filament: (P) basitrich, (Q) microbasic p - mastigophore. Abbreviations. — acr: acrorhagi, c: column, fo: fossa, msp: marginal sphincter, od: oral disc, pb: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, t: tentacle, ve: vesicle. Scale bars. — A – D: 10 mm; E – F: 200 µm; G – Q: 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212669/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Zooxanthellae present. Cnidom: basitrichs, microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB1BFFB488E5FE91FF2BFE9B" box="[151,174,292,315]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">p-</emphasis>
|
||
mastigophores, holotrichs and spirocysts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="25F62A14DB1BFFB48AF6FE97FD61FE9A" box="[644,740,290,314]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[160,1423,354,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[160,1424,354,1841]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. — Bunodosoma granuliferum. (A) Live specimen, lateral view. (B) Oral view. (C) Pedal disc view. (D) Lateral view. (E) Cross section through distal column. (F) Longitudinal section through column margin. (G – Q) Cnidae. — tentacles: (G) basitrich, (H) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (I) basitrich, (J) basitrich, (K) microbasic p - mastigophore; column: (L) basitrich, (M) basitrich; acrorhagi: (N) basitrich, (O) holotrich; filament: (P) basitrich, (Q) microbasic p - mastigophore. Abbreviations. — acr: acrorhagi, c: column, fo: fossa, msp: marginal sphincter, od: oral disc, pb: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, t: tentacle, ve: vesicle. Scale bars. — A – D: 10 mm; E – F: 200 µm; G – Q: 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212669/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
G–Q; see
|
||
<tableCitation id="F04F032ADB1BFFB48B26FE97FC2FFE9A" box="[852,938,290,314]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="12.[119,207,467,490]" captionTargetBox="[133,1910,555,1686]" captionText="TABLE 2. — Size and distribution of cnidae from preserved specimens examined. “ ml ” and “ mw ” are the means (length and width respectively), “ dl ” and “ dw ” are the standard deviations (length and width respectively), all in µm. “ # 1 ” and “ # 2 ” is the number of capsules measured per each specimen examined, “ p ” is the proportion of animals examined with respective type of cnida present." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E9B26619DB07FFA88805FE66FD4BFD87" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="E9B26619DB07FFA88805FE66FD4BFD87">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="E9B26619DB1BFFB488E5F8F0FB45F84E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212669/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[160,1423,354,1840]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD723691DB1BFFB488E5F8F0FB45F84E" blockId="16.[151,1437,1861,2030]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB1BFFB488E5F8F0FE90F8FB" bold="true" box="[151,277,1861,1884]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB1BFFB4895DF8F3FDC4F8FC" box="[303,577,1862,1884]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="granuliferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB1BFFB4895DF8F3FDC4F8FC" box="[303,577,1862,1884]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bunodosoma granuliferum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A) Live specimen, lateral view. (B) Oral view. (C) Pedal disc view. (D) Lateral view. (E) Cross section through distal column. (F) Longitudinal section through column margin. (G–Q) Cnidae.—tentacles: (G) basitrich, (H) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (I) basitrich, (J) basitrich, (K) microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB1BFFB48BADF834FC6EF836" box="[991,1003,1921,1942]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">p</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophore; column: (L) basitrich, (M) basitrich; acrorhagi: (N) basitrich, (O) holotrich; filament: (P) basitrich, (Q) microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB1BFFB48C69F82AFBA2F814" box="[1051,1063,1951,1972]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">p</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophore. Abbreviations.—acr: acrorhagi, c: column, fo: fossa, msp: marginal sphincter, od: oral disc, pb: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, t: tentacle, ve: vesicle. Scale bars.—A–D: 10 mm; E–F: 200 µm; G–Q: 25 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F5D7651ADB1AFFB588B5FF22FCB2FEC1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD723691DB1AFFB588B5FF22FCB2FEC1" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,849]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Natural history.—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB1AFFB589E1FF2DFD47FF10" box="[403,706,152,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="granuliferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB1AFFB589E1FF2DFD47FF10" box="[403,706,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bunodosoma granuliferum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lives in shallow waters on sandy and rocky areas, and seagrass fields, often between
|
||
<quantity id="7A359B74DB1AFFB589E7FF0EFE73FF73" box="[405,502,187,211]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1.25" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, but can be found down to
|
||
<quantity id="7A359B74DB1AFFB58BE3FF0EFC45FF73" box="[913,960,187,211]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
|
||
in the lagoon and back-reef zones. One specimen was collected adhered to a leaf of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB1AFFB58AD2FF6AFC16FF57" box="[672,915,223,247]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alismatales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="testudinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB1AFFB58AD2FF6AFC16FF57" box="[672,915,223,247]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Thalassia testudinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as epiphytic species do. It is reported to be associated with the crustaceans
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB1AFFB58A75FEB7FC41FEBA" authority="Schmitt, 1924" authorityName="Schmitt" authorityYear="1924" box="[519,964,258,282]" class="Malacostraca" family="Palaemonidae" genus="Periclimenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rathbunae">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB1AFFB58A75FEB7FC93FEBA" box="[519,790,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Periclimenes rathbunae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB1AFFB58B53FEB7FC41FEBA" author="Schmitt" box="[801,964,258,282]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Schmitt, W. L. (1924) The Macruran, anomuran and stomatopod Crustacea. In: Bijdragen tot de kennis der fauna van Curacao. Resultaten eener reis van Dr. C. J. van der Horst in 1920. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 23, 61 - 81." type="journal article" year="1924">Schmitt, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB1AFFB58BA0FEB7FAE1FEBA" authority="De Man, 1888" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1888" box="[978,1380,258,282]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hippolytidae" genus="Thor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amboinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB1AFFB58BA0FEB7FB1AFEBA" box="[978,1183,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Thor amboinensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB1AFFB58CC2FEB7FAD9FEBA" author="De" box="[1200,1372,258,282]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="De Man, J. G. (1888) Bericht uber die von Herrn Dr. J. Brock im indischen Archipel gesammelten Decapoden und Stomatopoden. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 53, 289 - 600." type="journal article" year="1888">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DA7601DB1AFFB58CC2FEB7FB57FEBA" box="[1200,1234,258,282]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">De</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DA7601DB1AFFB58CAFFEB6FA96FEBA" box="[1245,1299,259,282]" name="Isle of Man" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Man</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 1888
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and some reef fishes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB1AFFB58929FE93FD97FE9E" author="Manjarres" box="[347,530,294,318]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Manjarres, G. A. (1977) Contribucion al conocimiento de las actinias en la region de Santa Marta, Colombia. Anales del Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Punta Betin, 9, 91 - 104." type="journal article" year="1977">Manjarrés 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Toxicological studies considered this species as a potential source of biological active compounds (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB1AFFB58902FEFCFDD1FEC1" author="Garateix" box="[368,596,329,353]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Garateix, A., Salceda, E., Aneiros, A. & Soto, E. (2003) Bunodosoma granulifera: fuente de peptidos con accion sobre canales ionicos. Avicennia, 16, 13 - 21." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Garateix
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB1AFFB589ABFEFFFD8CFEC1" box="[473,521,329,353]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB1AFFB58A2DFEFFFCAEFEC1" author="Nunez" box="[607,811,329,353]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Nunez R., Garateix, A., Laguna, A., Fernandez, M., Ortiz, E., Llanio, M., Valdes, O., Rodriguez, A. & Menendez, R. (2006) Caribbean marine biodiversity as a source of new compounds of biomedical interest and others industrial applications. Pharmacology online, 3, 111 - 119." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Nuñez
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB1AFFB58ADDFEFFFD64FEC1" box="[687,737,329,353]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F5D7651ADB1AFFB588B5FED9FA0BFE08" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD723691DB1AFFB588B5FED9FA0BFE08" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,849]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Distribution.—Although this is the first record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB1AFFB58A9EFED8FB90FE25" box="[748,1045,365,389]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="granuliferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB1AFFB58A9EFED8FB90FE25" box="[748,1045,365,389]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bunodosoma granuliferum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the Mexican Caribbean (Puerto Morelos and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DA7601DB1AFFB58955FE25FECBFE08" box="[295,334,400,424]" name="Iceland" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Isla</collectingCountry>
|
||
Contoy reefs), it is found along the entire Caribbean Sea, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DA7601DB1AFFB58C74FE25FBEEFE08" box="[1030,1131,400,424]" name="Bermuda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DA7601DB1AFFB58CFFFE25FB71FE08" box="[1165,1268,400,424]" name="Barbados" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Barbados</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see
|
||
<tableCitation id="F04F032ADB1AFFB58D5CFE25FAFBFE08" box="[1326,1406,400,424]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[119,206,472,495]" captionText="TABLE 1. — Previous records of actiniarian species through the Caribbean Region. Species are listed alphabetically by genus and species. Citation: 1. — Le Sueur (1817), — Duchassaing (1850), 3. — Duchassaing & Michelotti (1860), 4. — Duchassaing & Michelotti (1864), 5. — McMurrich (1889 a), 6. — McMurrich (1889 b), 7. — McMurrich 1896), 8. — Duerden (1897), 9. — Duerden (1898), 10. — McMurrich (1898), 11. — Duerden (1900), 12. — Verrill (1900), 13. — Verrill (1901), 14. — Duerden (1902 b),. — Verrill (1905), 16. — Pax (1910), 17. — Hargitt (1911), 18. — Watzl (1922), 19. — Pax (1924), 20. — Carlgren (1942), 21. — Carlgren (1952), 22. — Carlgren & Hedgpeth 1952), 23. — Hedgpeth (1954), 24. — Lewis (1960), 25. — Corrêa (1964), 26. — Riemann-Zürneck (1972), 27. — Belém & Preslercravo (1973), 28. — Corrêa (1973),. — Hanlon & Kaufman (1976), 30. — Widersten (1976), 31. — Manjarrés (1977), 32. — Manjarrés (1978), 33. — Dunn (1981), 34. — Herrera-Moreno (1981), 35. — Cubit & Williams (1983), 36. — Knowlton & Keller (1985), 37. — Cairns et al. (1986), 38. — Riemann-Zürneck (1986), 39. — Belém & Schlenz (1989), 40. — McCommas (1991),. — Ocaña et al. (1991), 42. — Schlenz & Belém (1992), 43. — Belém et al. (1996), 44. — INE (1998 a), 45. — INE (1998 b), 46. — Zamponi et al. (1998), 47. — INE (2000),. — Lalana et al. (2001), 49. — Sánchez-Rodríguez et al. (2001), 50. — Varela (2001), 51. — Amaral et al. (2002), 52. — Barrios-Suárez et al. (2002), 53. — Herrera-Moreno & Betancourt (2002), 54. — Varela (2002), 55. — Milla et al. (2003), 56. — Daly & den Hartog (2004), 57. — Uchida (2004), 58. — Sánchez-Rodríguez & Cruz-Vázquez (2006),. — Monroy-Estrada et al. (2007), 60. — Morales-Landa et al. (2007), 61. — Ocaña et al. (2007), 62. — Jordán-Dahlgren (2008), 63. — Cortés (2009), 64. — Fautin & Daly 2009), 65. — Amaral et al. (2009), 66. — Garese et al. (2009). N = New record. (a): Northern coast of Brazil includes: St. Peter and St. Paul Archipelago, Rocas Atoll Archipelago, Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, and the coasts of Amapa, Maranhao, Ceará and Sergipe." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F5D7651ADB1AFFB588B5FE06FDBCFCF1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD723691DB1AFFB588B5FE06FDBCFCF1" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,849]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Remarks.—Four valid species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB1AFFB58A2CFE01FD75FE6C" box="[606,752,436,460]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB1AFFB58A2CFE01FD75FE6C" box="[606,752,436,460]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bunodosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are reported in the Caribbean Sea:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB1AFFB58CC1FE00FAEBFE6C" box="[1203,1390,436,460]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="granuliferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB1AFFB58CC1FE00FAEBFE6C" box="[1203,1390,436,460]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. granuliferum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB1AFFB58DF6FE00FE3BFE4F" authority="Bosc, 1802" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cavernatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB1AFFB58DF6FE00FE9EFE4F" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. cavernatum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB1AFFB5895DFE62FE32FE4F" author="Bosc" box="[303,439,471,495]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Bosc, L. A. G. (1802) Historie Naturalle des Vers. Chez Deterville, Paris, 300 pp." type="book" year="1802">Bosc, 1802</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB1AFFB589BCFE6DFD72FE4F" authority="Pax, 1910" authorityName="Pax" authorityYear="1910" box="[462,759,471,495]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kuekenthali">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB1AFFB589BCFE6DFDF6FE4F" box="[462,627,471,495]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. kuekenthali</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB1AFFB58A0DFE6DFD72FE4F" author="Pax" box="[639,759,471,495]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Pax, F. (1910) Studien an westindischen Actinien. Zoologische Jahrbucher, 2, 157 - 330." type="journal article" year="1910">Pax, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB1AFFB58B48FE6DFB45FE4F" authority="Duerden, 1902" authorityName="Duerden" authorityYear="1902" box="[826,1216,471,495]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sphaerulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB1AFFB58B48FE6DFC7DFE4F" box="[826,1016,471,495]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. sphaerulatum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB1AFFB58C76FE62FB45FE4F" author="Duerden" box="[1028,1216,471,495]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Duerden, J. E. (1902 b) Report of the Actinians of Porto Rico (Investigations of the aquatic resources and fisheries of Porto Rico by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Fish Hawk in 1899). Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, 20, 323 - 374." type="journal article" year="1902" yearSuffix="b">Duerden, 1902b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; one,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB1AFFB58D79FE6DFE5EFDB2" authority="Belem & Preslercravo, 1973" authorityName="Belem & Preslercravo" authorityYear="1973" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cangicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB1AFFB58D79FE6DFA19FE4F" box="[1291,1436,472,495]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. cangicum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB1AFFB588E5FE4FFE5EFDB2" author="Belem" box="[151,475,506,530]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Belem, M. J. & Preslercravo, J. (1973) Contribuicoes ao conhecimento da fauna de cnidarios do Espirito Santo, Brasil I - Consideracoes sobre Actiniaria do Municipio de Aracruz, E. S. Boletim do Museu de Biologia Prof. Mello Leitao, 80, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1973">
|
||
Belém & Preslercravo,
|
||
<quantity id="7A359B74DB1AFFB589D1FE4FFE5EFDB2" box="[419,475,506,530]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.011419999999999" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="in" value="1973.0">1973</quantity>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the northern coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DA7601DB1AFFB58A85FE4FFCBEFDB2" box="[759,827,506,530]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB1AFFB58B39FE4FFBBDFDB2" author="Fautin" box="[843,1080,506,530]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Fautin, D. G. (2011) Hexacorallians of the World. Available from: http: // geoportal. kgs. ku. edu / hexacoral / anemone 2 / index. cfm (accessed 3 May 2012)." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Fautin 2011,
|
||
<tableCitation id="F04F032ADB1AFFB58B96FE4FFBBDFDB2" box="[996,1080,506,530]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[119,206,472,495]" captionText="TABLE 1. — Previous records of actiniarian species through the Caribbean Region. Species are listed alphabetically by genus and species. Citation: 1. — Le Sueur (1817), — Duchassaing (1850), 3. — Duchassaing & Michelotti (1860), 4. — Duchassaing & Michelotti (1864), 5. — McMurrich (1889 a), 6. — McMurrich (1889 b), 7. — McMurrich 1896), 8. — Duerden (1897), 9. — Duerden (1898), 10. — McMurrich (1898), 11. — Duerden (1900), 12. — Verrill (1900), 13. — Verrill (1901), 14. — Duerden (1902 b),. — Verrill (1905), 16. — Pax (1910), 17. — Hargitt (1911), 18. — Watzl (1922), 19. — Pax (1924), 20. — Carlgren (1942), 21. — Carlgren (1952), 22. — Carlgren & Hedgpeth 1952), 23. — Hedgpeth (1954), 24. — Lewis (1960), 25. — Corrêa (1964), 26. — Riemann-Zürneck (1972), 27. — Belém & Preslercravo (1973), 28. — Corrêa (1973),. — Hanlon & Kaufman (1976), 30. — Widersten (1976), 31. — Manjarrés (1977), 32. — Manjarrés (1978), 33. — Dunn (1981), 34. — Herrera-Moreno (1981), 35. — Cubit & Williams (1983), 36. — Knowlton & Keller (1985), 37. — Cairns et al. (1986), 38. — Riemann-Zürneck (1986), 39. — Belém & Schlenz (1989), 40. — McCommas (1991),. — Ocaña et al. (1991), 42. — Schlenz & Belém (1992), 43. — Belém et al. (1996), 44. — INE (1998 a), 45. — INE (1998 b), 46. — Zamponi et al. (1998), 47. — INE (2000),. — Lalana et al. (2001), 49. — Sánchez-Rodríguez et al. (2001), 50. — Varela (2001), 51. — Amaral et al. (2002), 52. — Barrios-Suárez et al. (2002), 53. — Herrera-Moreno & Betancourt (2002), 54. — Varela (2002), 55. — Milla et al. (2003), 56. — Daly & den Hartog (2004), 57. — Uchida (2004), 58. — Sánchez-Rodríguez & Cruz-Vázquez (2006),. — Monroy-Estrada et al. (2007), 60. — Morales-Landa et al. (2007), 61. — Ocaña et al. (2007), 62. — Jordán-Dahlgren (2008), 63. — Cortés (2009), 64. — Fautin & Daly 2009), 65. — Amaral et al. (2009), 66. — Garese et al. (2009). N = New record. (a): Northern coast of Brazil includes: St. Peter and St. Paul Archipelago, Rocas Atoll Archipelago, Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, and the coasts of Amapa, Maranhao, Ceará and Sergipe." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB1AFFB58C20FE4EFA05FDB3" box="[1106,1408,507,531]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="granuliferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB1AFFB58C20FE4EFA05FDB3" box="[1106,1408,507,531]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bunodosoma granuliferum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished mainly by the chromatic pattern of alternating pale and dark longitudinal bands in the column (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB1AFFB588ECFDF4FED0FDF9" author="Duerden" box="[158,341,577,601]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Duerden, J. E. (1902 b) Report of the Actinians of Porto Rico (Investigations of the aquatic resources and fisheries of Porto Rico by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Fish Hawk in 1899). Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, 20, 323 - 374." type="journal article" year="1902" yearSuffix="b">Duerden 1902b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB1AFFB58916FDF7FE56FDF9" author="Pax" box="[356,467,577,601]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Pax, F. (1910) Studien an westindischen Actinien. Zoologische Jahrbucher, 2, 157 - 330." type="journal article" year="1910">Pax 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB1AFFB58990FDF4FDF1FDF9" author="Correa" box="[482,628,577,601]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Correa, D. D. (1964) Corallimorpharia e Actiniaria do Atlantico Oeste Tropical. Universidade de Sao Paulo, 39 pp." type="book" year="1964">Corrêa 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB1AFFB58AF6FDF4FCDFFDF9" author="Cairns" box="[644,858,577,601]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Cairns, S., den Hartog, J. C. & Arneson, C. (1986) Class Anthozoa (Corals, Anemones). In: Sterrer, W. & Schoepfer-Sterrer, C. (Eds.), Marine Fauna and Flora of Bermuda, John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 164 - 194." type="book chapter" year="1986">
|
||
Cairns
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB1AFFB58AA5FDF7FC89FDF9" box="[727,780,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1986
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The distinction between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB1AFFB58CE2FDF7FAC3FDF9" box="[1168,1350,577,601]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="granuliferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB1AFFB58CE2FDF7FAC3FDF9" box="[1168,1350,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. granuliferum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB1AFFB58DF6FDF7FE9EFDDD" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cavernatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB1AFFB58DF6FDF7FE9EFDDD" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. cavernatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been widely discussed (see Carlgren 1952;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB1AFFB58B28FDD0FB18FDDD" author="Carlgren" box="[858,1181,613,637]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Carlgren, O. & Hedgpeth, J. W. (1952) Actiniaria, Zoantharia and Ceriantharia from shallow water in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Publications of the Institute of Marine Science, University of Texas, 2, 143 - 172." type="journal article" year="1952">Carlgren & Hedgpeth 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB1AFFB58CDFFDD0FAC4FDDD" author="Correa" box="[1197,1345,613,637]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Correa, D. D. (1964) Corallimorpharia e Actiniaria do Atlantico Oeste Tropical. Universidade de Sao Paulo, 39 pp." type="book" year="1964">Corrêa 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Using allozymes,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB1AFFB5896BFD3DFDE0FD00" author="McCommas" box="[281,613,648,672]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="McCommas, S. A. & Lester, L. J. (1980) Electrophoretic evaluation of the taxonomic status of two species of sea anemones." type="book" year="1980">McCommas & Lester (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found that the species are genetically different and considered them as separate valid species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB1AFFB589E7FD19FCD8FD64" authority="Fischer, 1874" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1874" box="[405,861,684,708]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="biscayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB1AFFB589E7FD19FD2BFD64" box="[405,686,684,708]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bunodosoma biscayensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB1AFFB58AC9FD19FCD0FD64" author="Fischer" box="[699,853,684,708]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Fischer, P. (1874) Recherches sur les Actinies des cotes oceaniques de France. Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Historie de Paris, 10, 193 - 244." type="journal article" year="1874">Fischer, 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has a chromatic pattern of alternating dark and light longitudinal bands in the column; however, it differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB1AFFB58BFBFD65FBC5FD47" box="[905,1088,719,743]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="granuliferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB1AFFB58BFBFD65FBC5FD47" box="[905,1088,719,743]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. granuliferum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the cnidae and geographic distribution (found in the northeast Atlantic Ocean) (den Hartog 1987). Although we did not observe fertile specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACD4D12DB1AFFB58932FCA2FE7FFC8E" box="[320,506,790,814]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="granuliferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB9EA83DB1AFFB58932FCA2FE7FFC8E" box="[320,506,790,814]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. granuliferum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it has been described to have all mesenteries (except the directives) fertile (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB1AFFB588ECFC8CFEEAFCF1" author="McMurrich" box="[158,367,825,849]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="McMurrich, J. P. (1889 a) The Actiniaria of the Bahama Islands, W. I. Journal of Morphology, 3, 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="1889" yearSuffix="a">McMurrich 1889a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D95C4B60DB1AFFB58909FC8CFDA8FCF1" author="Duerden" box="[379,557,825,849]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Duerden, J. E. (1902 b) Report of the Actinians of Porto Rico (Investigations of the aquatic resources and fisheries of Porto Rico by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Fish Hawk in 1899). Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, 20, 323 - 374." type="journal article" year="1902" yearSuffix="b">Duerden 1902b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |