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<document id="32C73EE0DB06C0FEB9DAAFEB875DB25A" ID-DOI="10.1371/journal.pone.0282247" ID-ISSN="1932-6203" ID-PMC="PMC10246822" ID-PubMed="37285340" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13151874" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1719975523565" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Peng, Jungang, Slater, Sam M., McLoughlin, Stephen &amp; Vajda, Vivi" docDate="2023" docId="03A90F16FFBAFFB7075BFD1DD9D4FA84" docLanguage="en" docName="PLoSONE.18.6.e0282247.pdf" docOrigin="PLoS ONE (e 0282247) 18 (6)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:55318D21378FF0528C342C9740A1E1BE.2:PLoSONE.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="55318D21378FF0528C342C9740A1E1BE" docStyleName="PLoSONE.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Kuqaia concentrica Li 1993" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FF90776EFFBDFFB0056EFF8EDA10FFE4" masterDocTitle="New species of Kuqaia from the Lower Jurassic of Sweden indicates a possible water flea (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) affinity" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1733178197148" updateUser="karina">
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<mods:title id="B4304D46B1C47AF085525359F38A9EA7">New species of Kuqaia from the Lower Jurassic of Sweden indicates a possible water flea (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) affinity</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="81497176C469A8F5802AC9DDBA0685E5">Peng, Jungang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4F8023FC046A629346046A7D16BCC32C">Slater, Sam M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6E5690C5027BC764297ABA20AB4861A2">Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="28AB7C7F26508AE36E6099C79F7D0B87">McLoughlin, Stephen</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="51924D178878E7DD2ABA43849CA16A89">Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F8803D462FDEECBD3D5E0AAA1E7F74A2">Vajda, Vivi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="54CE3EC7612EAB7C4B727A71B2B02DAB">Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="3F447BA2C8B5FBBFA57B2D25E495B86A">PLoS ONE</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="05143B9B61D62A91CB63CE80D1EF4FE0">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="7088E1B364D4009B9D54CAD402566A7D">e 0282247</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="AA76E70B3E97778F8A529427E6A8611E">2023-06-07</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="CB1F0349C9FE772FEBAAAAAE499AF3C6" type="ISSN">1932-6203</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A90F16FFBAFFB7075BFD1DD9D4FA84" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A90F16FFBAFFB7075BFD1DD9D4FA84" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A90F16FFBAFFB7075BFD1DD9D4FA84" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<subSubSection id="C31AED8BFFBAFFB7075BFD1DD94AFD4E" box="[565,858,658,682]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBFBE00FFBAFFB7075BFD1DD94AFD4E" blockId="7.[533,1536,208,1896]" box="[565,858,658,682]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C00C583FFBAFFB7075BFD1DD94AFD4E" authority="Li, 1993" authorityName="Li" authorityYear="1993" box="[565,858,658,682]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Kuqaia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concentrica">
<emphasis id="B9746212FFBAFFB7075BFD1DD910FD4E" box="[565,768,659,682]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Kuqaia concentrica</emphasis>
Li, 1993
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31AED8BFFBAFFB7075BFD3BD8B5FD29" box="[565,677,693,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBFBE00FFBAFFB7075BFD3BD8B5FD29" blockId="7.[533,1536,208,1896]" box="[565,677,693,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<figureCitation id="133BA285FFBAFFB7075BFD3BD8B5FD29" box="[565,677,693,717]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="8.[533,561,1562,1581]" captionTargetBox="[533,1493,182,1540]" captionTargetId="figure-43@8.[533,1493,182,1540]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Kuqaia species from the Pliensbachian of Skåne. (a)(e) Kuqaia concentrica Li, 1993; (a) whole specimen (NRM X12701), and (b) enlargement of concentric ridges; Kävlinge BH-928 core depth 57.0056.50 m; (c) whole specimen (NRM X12702); (d) and (e) enlargement of concentric ridges; Kävlinge BH-928 core depth 46.9746.01 m. (f) and (g) Kuqaia quadrata Li, 1993; (f) whole specimen in oblique compression (NRM X12703), and (g) enlargement of intersecting concentric and radial ornament; Kävlinge BH-928 core depth 46.9746.01 m. Scale bars = 100 μm, unless otherwise stated. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282247.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151884/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig 5A5E</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31AED8BFFBAFFB7075BFD59D9C5FD14" box="[565,981,727,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBFBE00FFBAFFB7075BFD59D9C5FD14" blockId="7.[533,1536,208,1896]" box="[565,981,727,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9746212FFBAFFB7075BFD59D880FD0B" box="[565,656,727,751]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Material</emphasis>
.
<collectionCode id="ED1126C5FFBAFFB707F2FD56D8C8FD14" box="[668,728,728,752]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4m0z-xq14" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History - Zoological Collections" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="Museum">NRM</collectionCode>
X12701;
<collectionCode id="ED1126C5FFBAFFB70655FD56D967FD14" box="[827,887,728,752]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4m0z-xq14" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History - Zoological Collections" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="Museum">NRM</collectionCode>
X12702.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31AED8BFFBAFFB7075BFD75DF62FBE1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBFBE00FFBAFFB7075BFD75D9E4FC79" blockId="7.[533,1536,208,1896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9746212FFBAFFB7075BFD75D8BDFCF6" box="[565,685,763,786]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description</emphasis>
. Shell reniform in lateral view; elliptical in dorso-ventral view. Concentric ridges well-developed, 2127 ridges on one valve, blade-shaped, or widened to 23.5 μm. Radial ridges weakly developed on the dorsal and lateral sides on
<specimenCount id="9D067589FFBAFFB70110FCCEDF03FCBC" box="[1150,1299,832,856]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
. Collar-shaped margin poorly preserved on
<specimenCount id="9D067589FFBAFFB70676FCECD9BCFC9E" box="[792,940,866,890]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
,
<emphasis id="B9746212FFBAFFB706D8FCEDD9D0FC9E" box="[950,960,867,890]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">c</emphasis>
. 22 μm high. Back inconspicuous on these laterally preserved specimens. Caudal spine damaged.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBFBE00FFBAFFB7075BFC26D84DFC06" blockId="7.[533,1536,208,1896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9746212FFBAFFB7075BFC26D8A5FC5B" box="[565,693,936,959]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Comparison</emphasis>
. This species is distinguished from other species by its pronounced concentric ridges.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBFBE00FFBAFFB7075BFC63DF62FBE1" blockId="7.[533,1536,208,1896]" box="[565,1394,1005,1029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9746212FFBAFFB7075BFC63D8A0FBE0" box="[565,688,1005,1028]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dimensions</emphasis>
. Length 444(451)457 μm; width 171(202)233 μm (
<specimenCount id="9D067589FFBAFFB701AAFC63DF76FBE1" box="[1220,1382,1005,1029]" count="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31AED8BFFBAFFB7075BFB81D883FAFE" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBFBE00FFBAFFB7075BFB81D883FAFE" blockId="7.[533,1536,208,1896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9746212FFBAFFB7075BFB81D880FBC3" box="[565,656,1039,1063]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<specimenCount id="9D067589FFBAFFB707F2FB9ED950FBCC" box="[668,832,1040,1064]" count="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">Two specimens</specimenCount>
are assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C00C583FFBAFFB70687FB9EDEA3FBC3" authorityName="Li" authorityYear="1993" box="[1001,1203,1040,1063]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Kuqaia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concentrica">
<emphasis id="B9746212FFBAFFB70687FB9EDEA3FBC3" box="[1001,1203,1040,1063]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Kuqaia concentrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the ornamentation dominated by concentric ridges (
<figureCitation id="133BA285FFBAFFB7061BFBBCD9F5FBAE" box="[885,997,1074,1098]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="8.[533,561,1562,1581]" captionTargetBox="[533,1493,182,1540]" captionTargetId="figure-43@8.[533,1493,182,1540]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Kuqaia species from the Pliensbachian of Skåne. (a)(e) Kuqaia concentrica Li, 1993; (a) whole specimen (NRM X12701), and (b) enlargement of concentric ridges; Kävlinge BH-928 core depth 57.0056.50 m; (c) whole specimen (NRM X12702); (d) and (e) enlargement of concentric ridges; Kävlinge BH-928 core depth 46.9746.01 m. (f) and (g) Kuqaia quadrata Li, 1993; (f) whole specimen in oblique compression (NRM X12703), and (g) enlargement of intersecting concentric and radial ornament; Kävlinge BH-928 core depth 46.9746.01 m. Scale bars = 100 μm, unless otherwise stated. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282247.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151884/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig 5A5E</figureCitation>
).
<specimenCount id="9D067589FFBAFFB70694FBBCDE83FBAE" box="[1018,1171,1074,1098]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">One specimen</specimenCount>
is characterized by distinct blade-shaped concentric ridges on the shell, with weak radial ridges (
<figureCitation id="133BA285FFBAFFB701C7FBDBDF2EFB89" box="[1193,1342,1109,1133]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="8.[533,561,1562,1581]" captionTargetBox="[533,1493,182,1540]" captionTargetId="figure-43@8.[533,1493,182,1540]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Kuqaia species from the Pliensbachian of Skåne. (a)(e) Kuqaia concentrica Li, 1993; (a) whole specimen (NRM X12701), and (b) enlargement of concentric ridges; Kävlinge BH-928 core depth 57.0056.50 m; (c) whole specimen (NRM X12702); (d) and (e) enlargement of concentric ridges; Kävlinge BH-928 core depth 46.9746.01 m. (f) and (g) Kuqaia quadrata Li, 1993; (f) whole specimen in oblique compression (NRM X12703), and (g) enlargement of intersecting concentric and radial ornament; Kävlinge BH-928 core depth 46.9746.01 m. Scale bars = 100 μm, unless otherwise stated. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282247.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151884/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig 5A and 5B</figureCitation>
). The other specimen is characterized by wider concentric ridges with modestly developed radial ridges in the dorsal and lateral parts (
<figureCitation id="133BA285FFBAFFB70678FB14D9BDFB56" box="[790,941,1178,1202]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="8.[533,561,1562,1581]" captionTargetBox="[533,1493,182,1540]" captionTargetId="figure-43@8.[533,1493,182,1540]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Kuqaia species from the Pliensbachian of Skåne. (a)(e) Kuqaia concentrica Li, 1993; (a) whole specimen (NRM X12701), and (b) enlargement of concentric ridges; Kävlinge BH-928 core depth 57.0056.50 m; (c) whole specimen (NRM X12702); (d) and (e) enlargement of concentric ridges; Kävlinge BH-928 core depth 46.9746.01 m. (f) and (g) Kuqaia quadrata Li, 1993; (f) whole specimen in oblique compression (NRM X12703), and (g) enlargement of intersecting concentric and radial ornament; Kävlinge BH-928 core depth 46.9746.01 m. Scale bars = 100 μm, unless otherwise stated. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282247.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151884/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig 5D and 5E</figureCitation>
), resulting in a weakly developed pattern of chequered ridges similar to that in
<taxonomicName id="4C00C583FFBAFFB7067FFB33D9D4FB31" authorityName="Li" authorityYear="1993" box="[785,964,1213,1237]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Kuqaia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrata">
<emphasis id="B9746212FFBAFFB7067FFB33D9D4FB31" box="[785,964,1213,1237]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Kuqaia quadrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="133BA285FFBAFFB706BDFB33DE79FB31" box="[979,1129,1213,1237]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="8.[533,561,1562,1581]" captionTargetBox="[533,1493,182,1540]" captionTargetId="figure-43@8.[533,1493,182,1540]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Kuqaia species from the Pliensbachian of Skåne. (a)(e) Kuqaia concentrica Li, 1993; (a) whole specimen (NRM X12701), and (b) enlargement of concentric ridges; Kävlinge BH-928 core depth 57.0056.50 m; (c) whole specimen (NRM X12702); (d) and (e) enlargement of concentric ridges; Kävlinge BH-928 core depth 46.9746.01 m. (f) and (g) Kuqaia quadrata Li, 1993; (f) whole specimen in oblique compression (NRM X12703), and (g) enlargement of intersecting concentric and radial ornament; Kävlinge BH-928 core depth 46.9746.01 m. Scale bars = 100 μm, unless otherwise stated. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282247.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151884/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig 5F and 5G</figureCitation>
). Nevertheless, the dominance of concentric ridges in the shell ornamentation of this specimen favours assignment to
<taxonomicName id="4C00C583FFBAFFB70005FB6ED89CFAFE" authorityName="Li" authorityYear="1993" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Kuqaia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concentrica">
<emphasis id="B9746212FFBAFFB70005FB6ED89CFAFE" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Kuqaia concentrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31AED8BFFBAFFB7075BFAABD9D4FA84" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BBFBE00FFBAFFB7075BFAABD9D0FA84" blockId="7.[533,1536,208,1896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9746212FFBAFFB7075BFAABD8BBFAD8" box="[565,683,1317,1340]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Occurrence</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9746212FFBAFFB707D9FAABD92AFAD9" box="[695,826,1317,1341]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">unit and age</emphasis>
. 57.00
<quantity id="4CF813E5FFBAFFB706E5FAABD9F0FAD9" box="[907,992,1317,1341]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.65" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="56.5">56.50 m</quantity>
and 46.97
<quantity id="4CF813E5FFBAFFB70134FAABDEA1FAD9" box="[1114,1201,1317,1341]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.607" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="46.07">46.07 m</quantity>
, Kävlinge BH-928; Katslösa Member, Rya Formation; Pliensbachian
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBFBE00FFBAFFB706AEFAC6D9D4FA84" blockId="7.[533,1536,208,1896]" box="[960,964,1352,1376]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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