treatments-xml/data/C0/60/87/C06087AC0E1C5510FF68C308FF5509D0.xml

<document id="6A13B4025FEFF187A07A3C07DA947216" ID-CLB-Dataset="27509" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4576.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5c472480-b92a-4403-ab49-6f4b3f603f18" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2624894" ID-ZooBank="4C459FD7-B86C-4E45-9919-2D3CE500A82F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1554273250705" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Last, Peter R., Séret, Bernard &amp; Naylor, Gavin J. P." docDate="2019" docId="C06087AC0E1C5510FF68C308FF5509D0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4576.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4576 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhinobatos ranongensis Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="B80CB45D-2AC1-4BF3-8160-DA2D88BA17C9" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="285" masterDocId="3C59FFD40E0E550CFFFFC76CFFA0087D" masterDocTitle="Description of Rhinobatos ranongensis sp. nov. (Rhinopristiformes: Rhinobatidae) from the Andaman Sea and Bay of Bengal with a review of its northern Indian Ocean congeners" masterLastPageNumber="287" masterPageNumber="257" pageNumber="275" updateTime="1698716661012" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5A14EDCD8B0679A8FFFF23F8ADA0A0B9">Description of Rhinobatos ranongensis sp. nov. (Rhinopristiformes: Rhinobatidae) from the Andaman Sea and Bay of Bengal with a review of its northern Indian Ocean congeners</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DCE4218D45731C026E0E58A791AD6CA5">Last, Peter R.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E1C551EFF68C308FE1D0C03" authority="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor, 2019" authorityName="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,445,1124,1150]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ranongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E1C551EFF68C308FE1D0C03" bold="true" box="[151,445,1124,1150]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">Rhinobatos ranongensis</emphasis>
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<collectingRegion id="8A0DF8580E1C551EFF68C3EBFF4E0CE2" box="[151,238,1159,1183]" country="Thailand" name="Ranong" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">Ranong</collectingRegion>
Guitarfish
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<paragraph id="487636BA0E1C551EFF68C3C6FEDB0CBE" blockId="18.[151,988,1124,1255]" box="[151,379,1194,1219]" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">
(
<figureCitation id="D0F22A3F0E1C551EFF60C3C6FEB20CBE" box="[159,274,1194,1219]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 8" captionStart-1="FIGURE 9" captionStart-2="FIGURE 10" captionStart-3="FIGURE 11" captionStart-4="FIGURE 12" captionStart-5="FIGURE 13" captionStart-6="FIGURE 14" captionStartId-0="19.[151,250,1678,1700]" captionStartId-1="20.[151,250,1717,1739]" captionStartId-2="22.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionStartId-3="23.[151,250,1146,1168]" captionStartId-4="24.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionStartId-5="25.[151,250,1378,1400]" captionStartId-6="26.[151,250,1971,1993]" captionTargetBox-0="[171,1426,717,1578]" captionTargetBox-1="[179,1421,794,1649]" captionTargetBox-2="[177,1416,181,1892]" captionTargetBox-3="[172,1396,233,1104]" captionTargetBox-4="[156,1412,525,1459]" captionTargetBox-5="[208,1379,193,1357]" captionTargetBox-6="[320,1236,218,1843]" captionTargetId-0="figure@19.[151,1436,589,1657]" captionTargetId-1="figure@20.[151,1436,697,1696]" captionTargetId-2="figure@22.[151,1436,161,1975]" captionTargetId-3="figure@23.[167,1420,223,1124]" captionTargetId-4="figure@24.[151,1436,517,1471]" captionTargetId-5="figure@25.[208,1379,193,1357]" captionTargetId-6="figure@26.[151,1436,193,2007]" captionTargetPageId-0="19" captionTargetPageId-1="20" captionTargetPageId-2="22" captionTargetPageId-3="23" captionTargetPageId-4="24" captionTargetPageId-5="25" captionTargetPageId-6="26" captionText-0="FIGURE 8. Dorsal views of Rhinobatos ranongensis sp. nov.: A. adult male holotype, 645 mm TL (CSIRO H 7861-02), freshly caught; B. adult male paratype, 637 mm TL (ANSP 171546), preserved." captionText-1="FIGURE 9. Rhinobatos ranongensis sp. nov.: RV Dr Fridtjof Nansen station 132 (fresh, not retained), female 530 mm TL, Bay of Bengal, Myanmar, A. dorsal view, B. ventral view." captionText-2="FIGURE 10. View of dorsal head (preserved): A. Rhinobatos ranongensis sp. nov., adult male holotype 645 mm TL (CSIRO H 7861-02); B. Rhinobatos punctifer, female 570 mm TL (MNHN 2014-0156); C. Rhinobatos annandalei, female 870 mm TL (CSIRO H 7866-01); and D. Rhinobatos lionotus, female 760 mm TL (CSIRO H 7867-01)." captionText-3="FIGURE 11. Views of oronasal region (preserved): A. Rhinobatos ranongensis sp. nov., adult male holotype 645 mm TL (CSIRO H 7861-02); B. Rhinobatos punctifer, female 570 mm TL (MNHN 2014-0156); C. Rhinobatos annandalei, female 870 mm TL (CSIRO H 7866-01); and D. Rhinobatos lionotus, female 760 mm TL (CSIRO H 7867-01)." captionText-4="FIGURE 12. Dorsal view of skin at scapulocoracoids of: A. Rhinobatos ranongensis sp. nov., adult male holotype 645 mm TL (CSIRO H 7861-02); B. Rhinobatos punctifer, adult male 643 mm TL (MNHN 2014-0157); C. Rhinobatos annandalei female 870 mm TL (CSIRO H 7867-01); and D. Rhinobatos lionotus female 760 mm TL (CSIRO H 7866-01)." captionText-5="FIGURE 13. Radiograph of the chondrocranium of Rhinobatos ranongensis sp.nov., preserved adult male holotype CSIRO H 7861-02, 645 mm TL." captionText-6="FIGURE 14. Lateral views of the unpaired fins of Rhinobatos ranongensis sp. nov., preserved adult male holotype, 645 mm TL (CSIRO H 7861-02): A. first dorsal fin; B. second dorsal fin; and C. caudal fin." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2624910/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2624914/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/2624916/files/figure.svg" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/2624918/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/2624920/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/2624922/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/2624924/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">Figs 8–14</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="054B03010E1C551EFEE1C3C6FED20CBE" box="[286,370,1194,1219]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,239,652,675]" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometric data for the female holotype (BMNH 1909.7.12.3) and newly acquired specimen (CSIRO H 7867-01) of Rhinobatos lionotus, and adult male holotype (CSIRO H 7861-02) and the three paratypes (CSIRO H 8403- 01, 8404-01, 8404-02) of R. ranongensis sp. nov." pageId="18" pageNumber="275">Table 2</tableCitation>
)
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.
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<collectionCode id="2ED8AE7F0E1C551EFEEAC27BFEC70D52" box="[277,359,1303,1327]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="18" pageNumber="275" type="Museum">CSIRO</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="186F9EC10E1C551EFE8CC27BFE4F0D52" box="[371,495,1302,1327]" collectionCode="CSIRO" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="18" pageNumber="275" type="Museum">H 7861-02</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCode id="186F9EC10E1C551EFDFEC27BFD200D52" box="[513,640,1303,1327]" collectionCode="GN" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">GN 17091</specimenCode>
), adult male 
<quantity id="8F319B5F0E1C551EFCE4C27AFCDB0D53" box="[795,891,1302,1327]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.45" pageId="18" pageNumber="275" unit="mm" value="645.0">645 mm</quantity>
TL, 
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, 
<locationDeviation id="59C42F980E1C551EFB94C27BFABA0D52" box="[1131,1306,1302,1327]" location="Maliwun" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">W of Maliwun</locationDeviation>
, 
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, 
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, 
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, bottom trawl, 
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depth, 
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<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E1C551EFCF5C257FC420D2F" box="[778,994,1339,1363]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">Dr Fridtjof Nansen</emphasis>
station
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173, specimen 754, collected 
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, 
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<collectingDate id="2C33E9920E1C551EFED4C232FE640D0A" box="[299,452,1374,1399]" pageId="18" pageNumber="275" value="2015-05-25">25 May 2015</collectingDate>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="487636BA0E1C551EFF38C2EEFE7C0E56" blockId="18.[151,1437,1302,2011]" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">
<materialsCitation id="F8A13CE70E1C551EFF38C2EEFC410D9E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2234220062" collectingDate="2014-07-17" collectionCode="ANSP, SA" collectorName="S. Arunrugstichai" country="Myanmar" elevation="35" location="Andaman Sea" municipality="Ranong" pageId="18" pageNumber="275" specimenCode="ANSP 171546, SA005" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="Ranong" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="977288180E1C551EFF38C2EEFEE10DE6" box="[199,321,1410,1435]" pageId="18" pageNumber="275" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
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<specimenCount id="5ECFFD330E1C551EFEABC2EFFE480DE6" box="[340,488,1410,1435]" pageId="18" pageNumber="275" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
. 
<specimenCode id="186F9EC10E1C551EFE05C2EFFD060DE6" box="[506,678,1410,1435]" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">ANSP 171546</specimenCode>
, adult male 
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TL, 
<collectingMunicipality id="A812ACC00E1C551EFC13C2EFFBE30DE6" box="[1004,1091,1411,1435]" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">Ranong</collectingMunicipality>
fish landing, collected from 
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, off 
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or western 
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, ~ 
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, 1994. H 8403-01 (formerly 
<specimenCode id="186F9EC10E1C551EFB64C2CAFB4D0DC2" box="[1179,1261,1446,1471]" collectionCode="SA" country="France" name="Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratiore de Paleontologie" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">SA005</specimenCode>
), juvenile male 
<quantity id="8F319B5F0E1C551EFF68C2A7FF540D9F" box="[151,244,1483,1507]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9399999999999995" pageId="18" pageNumber="275" unit="mm" value="494.0">494 mm</quantity>
TL, 
<collectingRegion id="8A0DF8580E1C551EFED5C2A7FE210D9E" box="[298,385,1483,1507]" country="Thailand" name="Ranong" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">Ranong</collectingRegion>
fish landing, collected 
<collectorName id="E53C536C0E1C551EFD78C2A7FCF00D9E" box="[647,848,1482,1507]" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">S. Arunrugstichai</collectorName>
, 
<date id="3C77107A0E1C551EFCA5C2A7FC410D9E" box="[858,993,1482,1507]" pageId="18" pageNumber="275" value="2014-07-17">
<collectingDate id="2C33E9920E1C551EFCA5C2A7FC410D9E" box="[858,993,1482,1507]" pageId="18" pageNumber="275" value="2014-07-17">17 Jul 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="F8A13CE70E1C551EFC14C2A7FE770E56" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2234220148" collectingDate="2015-01-22" collectionCode="SA" collectorName="S. Arunrugstichai" country="Myanmar" location="Ranong" pageId="18" pageNumber="275" specimenCode="SA043, SA045" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ranong" typeStatus="paratype">
H 8404-01 (formerly 
<specimenCode id="186F9EC10E1C551EFB22C2A7FA8F0D9E" box="[1245,1327,1483,1507]" collectionCode="SA" country="France" name="Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratiore de Paleontologie" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">SA043</specimenCode>
), juvenile male 
<quantity id="8F319B5F0E1C551EFF22C282FEE10E7B" box="[221,321,1518,1543]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" pageId="18" pageNumber="275" unit="mm" value="425.0">425 mm</quantity>
TL, H 8404-02 (formerly 
<specimenCode id="186F9EC10E1C551EFD6CC282FD450E7A" box="[659,741,1518,1543]" collectionCode="SA" country="France" name="Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratiore de Paleontologie" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">SA045</specimenCode>
), female 
<quantity id="8F319B5F0E1C551EFCA3C283FC610E7B" box="[860,961,1519,1543]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.92" pageId="18" pageNumber="275" unit="mm" value="392.0">392 mm</quantity>
TL, 
<collectingRegion id="8A0DF8580E1C551EFBF7C283FBFF0E7A" box="[1032,1119,1519,1543]" country="Thailand" name="Ranong" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">Ranong</collectingRegion>
fish landing, collected 
<collectorName id="E53C536C0E1C551EFA79C283FEE20E56" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">S. Arunrugstichai</collectorName>
, 
<date id="3C77107A0E1C551EFEB2C17FFE770E56" box="[333,471,1554,1579]" pageId="18" pageNumber="275" value="2015-01-22">
<collectingDate id="2C33E9920E1C551EFEB2C17FFE770E56" box="[333,471,1554,1579]" pageId="18" pageNumber="275" value="2015-01-22">22 Jan 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="487636BA0E1C551EFF38C15AFCE70F7E" blockId="18.[151,1437,1302,2011]" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E1C551EFF38C15AFE230E32" bold="true" box="[199,387,1590,1615]" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">Other material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="F8A13CE70E1C551EFE74C15AFCE30F7E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2234220066" collectionCode="RV" collectorName="W. White &amp; P. Psomadakis &amp; Dr Fridtjof Nansen" country="Myanmar" county="Bay of Bengal" location="Ranong" municipality="Bay of Bengal" pageId="18" pageNumber="275" specimenCount="5">
<specimenCount id="5ECFFD330E1C551EFE74C15AFDB60E32" box="[395,534,1590,1615]" pageId="18" pageNumber="275" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
(not retained). GN 16774, female 
<quantity id="8F319B5F0E1C551EFC5FC15AFC5E0E33" box="[928,1022,1590,1615]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.11" pageId="18" pageNumber="275" unit="mm" value="511.0">511 mm</quantity>
TL, 16775, immature male 
<quantity id="8F319B5F0E1C551EFAC1C15AFA3C0E33" box="[1342,1436,1590,1615]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.029999999999999" pageId="18" pageNumber="275" unit="mm" value="503.0">503 mm</quantity>
TL (tissues only), 
<location id="4D1660610E1C551EFE90C137FE660E0E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C06087AC0E1C5510FF68C308FF5509D0:4D1660610E1C551EFE90C137FE660E0E" box="[367,454,1627,1651]" country="Myanmar" county="Bay of Bengal" municipality="Bay of Bengal" name="Ranong" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">Ranong</location>
fish landing, collected 
<location id="4D1660610E1C551EFD24C136FCDD0E0E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C06087AC0E1C5510FF68C308FF5509D0:4D1660610E1C551EFD24C136FCDD0E0E" box="[731,893,1626,1651]" country="Myanmar" county="Bay of Bengal" municipality="Bay of Bengal" name="Andaman Sea" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">Andaman Sea</location>
, off 
<collectingCountry id="30DE762A0E1C551EFC48C137FB840E0E" box="[951,1060,1627,1651]" name="Myanmar" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
or western 
<collectingCountry id="30DE762A0E1C551EFB4DC136FAB80E0E" box="[1202,1304,1626,1651]" name="Thailand" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectorName id="E53C536C0E1C551EFAD8C137FA370E0E" box="[1319,1431,1626,1651]" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">W. White</collectorName>
, 2014; GN 17066 (tissue and image), female 
<quantity id="8F319B5F0E1C551EFD79C112FD430EEB" box="[646,739,1662,1687]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="18" pageNumber="275" unit="mm" value="690.0">690 mm</quantity>
TL, 
<location id="4D1660610E1C551EFCE6C113FC1D0EEA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C06087AC0E1C5510FF68C308FF5509D0:4D1660610E1C551EFCE6C113FC1D0EEA" box="[793,957,1662,1687]" country="Myanmar" county="Bay of Bengal" municipality="Bay of Bengal" name="Bay of Bengal" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">Bay of Bengal</location>
, 
<collectingCountry id="30DE762A0E1C551EFC37C113FB970EEA" box="[968,1079,1663,1687]" name="Myanmar" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectionCode id="2ED8AE7F0E1C551EFBBEC113FBC60EEB" box="[1089,1126,1663,1686]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">RV</collectionCode>
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E1C551EFB93C113FAE30EEB" box="[1132,1347,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">Dr Fridtjof Nansen</emphasis>
, station 126, collected 
<collectorName id="E53C536C0E1C551EFEC4C1CFFE7E0EC6" box="[315,478,1698,1723]" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">P. Psomadakis</collectorName>
; GN 17070 (tissue and image), female 
<quantity id="8F319B5F0E1C551EFC6BC1CEFC510EC7" box="[916,1009,1698,1723]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="18" pageNumber="275" unit="mm" value="530.0">530 mm</quantity>
TL, 
<collectingMunicipality id="A812ACC00E1C551EFBD7C1CFFB6C0EC6" box="[1064,1228,1698,1723]" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">Bay of Bengal</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCountry id="30DE762A0E1C551EFB27C1CFFAE70EC6" box="[1240,1351,1699,1723]" name="Myanmar" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectionCode id="2ED8AE7F0E1C551EFAADC1CFFAD60EC7" box="[1362,1398,1699,1722]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">RV</collectionCode>
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E1C551EFA82C1CFFEEA0EA3" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">Dr Fridtjof Nansen</emphasis>
, station 132, collected 
<collectorName id="E53C536C0E1C551EFDABC1ABFD5A0EA2" box="[596,762,1734,1759]" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">P. Psomadakis</collectorName>
; GN 17105, tissue, 
<quantity id="8F319B5F0E1C551EFC23C1AAFB9B0EA3" box="[988,1083,1734,1759]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="275" unit="mm" value="350.0">350 mm</quantity>
TL, 
<collectingCounty id="A1174E360E1C551EFB8AC1ABFABC0EA2" box="[1141,1308,1734,1759]" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">Bay of Bengal</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingCountry id="30DE762A0E1C551EFAD6C1ABFA380EA2" box="[1321,1432,1735,1759]" name="Myanmar" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectionCode id="2ED8AE7F0E1C551EFF68C187FF1C0F7F" box="[151,188,1771,1794]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">RV</collectionCode>
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E1C551EFF3DC187FE3A0F7F" box="[194,410,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">
<collectorName id="E53C536C0E1C551EFF3DC187FE3A0F7F" box="[194,410,1771,1795]" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">Dr Fridtjof Nansen</collectorName>
</emphasis>
, station 125, collected 
<collectorName id="E53C536C0E1C551EFD61C187FCE30F7E" box="[670,835,1770,1795]" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">P. Psomadakis</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00D365310E1C551FFF38C062FDB80A6A" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="276" pageId="18" pageNumber="275" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="487636BA0E1C551FFF38C062FDB80A6A" blockId="18.[151,1437,1302,2011]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1436,151,536]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="276" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E1C551EFF38C062FEE10F5A" bold="true" box="[199,321,1806,1831]" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A medium-sized species of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E1C551EFD08C062FCD60F5B" box="[759,886,1806,1830]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E1C551EFD08C062FCD60F5B" box="[759,886,1806,1830]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="275">Rhinobatos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(attaining at least 
<quantity id="8F319B5F0E1C551EFBB5C062FB080F5B" box="[1098,1192,1806,1831]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.45" pageId="18" pageNumber="275" unit="mm" value="645.0">645 mm</quantity>
TL) distinguished by the following combination of characters in adult male: disc wedge-shaped, relatively narrow, width 31–33% TL, length 1.3–1.4 times width; snout moderately elongate, length 3.0–3.2 times interspiracular distance, 4.1–4.4 times interorbital width; orbit and spiracular openings small, orbit diameter ~1.5 times spiracle length; nostrils weakly oblique, their length 1.3–1.6 times internarial distance; mouth narrow, 5.4–6.0% TL; preoral length 6.3–6.9 times internarial distance; posterior nasal flaps broad; two spiracular folds, outermost fold slightly taller than inner fold; ridges of rostral cartilage almost parallel, converging anteriorly but not constricted medially; anterior cartilage broadly sickle shaped, truncate posteriorly; gill slits and their interspaces narrow, distance between fifth gill slits 3.0–3.2 times in ventral head length; prebranchial sensory pore system obvious, extending to just behind margin of first gill slit; postscapular sensory canal indistinct, deeply embedded, not forming shallow groove; thorn patches on supraorbit and scapular region, and row along dorsal midline rudimentary, not conspicuous; denticles on dorsal fins densest anteriorly, present but more sparse posteriorly; dorsal fins small, height of first 5.4–6.2% TL; pelvic-fin inner margin subequal to its base length; interdorsal distance 2.9–3.3 times first dorsal-fin base; dorsal caudal margin 2.0–2.4 times preventral margin; upper jaw with 68–82 tooth rows; snout angle 59–64°; 64–68 pectoral radials; 172–176 post-synarcual centra; 47–48 nasal lamellae; dorsal fins brownish anteriorly, dusky posteriorly; dorsal disc of adults largely uniformly brownish, without spots or obvious blotches; no large, black, teardrop marking on undersurface of snout.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="1CB666320E1D551FFF68C1E2FC1F0EBF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2624910/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="276" startId="19.[151,250,1678,1700]" targetBox="[171,1426,717,1578]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="487636BA0E1D551FFF68C1E2FC1F0EBF" blockId="19.[151,1436,1678,1730]" pageId="19" pageNumber="276">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E1D551FFF68C1E2FEB60ED9" bold="true" box="[151,278,1678,1700]" pageId="19" pageNumber="276">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Dorsal views of 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E1D551FFE30C1E2FD680ED9" authority="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor, 2019" authorityName="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2019" box="[463,712,1678,1700]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ranongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E1D551FFE30C1E2FD680ED9" box="[463,712,1678,1700]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="276">Rhinobatos ranongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E1D551FFD2DC1E2FC850ED9" bold="true" box="[722,805,1678,1700]" pageId="19" pageNumber="276">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="618E57D30E1D551FFD2DC1E2FC850ED9" box="[722,805,1678,1700]" pageId="19" pageNumber="276" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: A. adult male holotype, 645 mm TL (CSIRO H 7861-02), freshly caught; B. adult male paratype, 637 mm TL (ANSP 171546), preserved.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="00D365310E1D551BFF38C186FD1D0F76" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="280" pageId="19" pageNumber="276" type="description">
<paragraph id="487636BA0E1D5518FF38C186FEB4093D" blockId="19.[151,1437,1770,2011]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1437,151,645]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="277" pageId="19" pageNumber="276">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E1D551FFF38C186FEF90F7E" bold="true" box="[199,345,1770,1795]" pageId="19" pageNumber="276">Description.</emphasis>
Disc of 
<typeStatus id="977288180E1D551FFE45C186FDBC0F7E" box="[442,540,1770,1795]" pageId="19" pageNumber="276" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
wedge shaped, bluntly angular anteriorly, angle anterior to eyes 59° (60–61° in two male 
<typeStatus id="977288180E1D551FFEF2C063FEDB0F5A" box="[269,379,1807,1831]" pageId="19" pageNumber="276" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, 64° in female 
<typeStatus id="977288180E1D551FFDCCC063FD390F5A" box="[563,665,1807,1831]" pageId="19" pageNumber="276" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
); anterior margins slightly undulated, apex broadly rounded, more narrowly rounded posteriorly; length 1.35 (1.28–1.29, 1.28) times width. Pelvic fins elongate, short-based, base length 1.01 (0.93–1.16, 1.06) length of inner margin; length 1.84 (1.80–2.03, 1.91) times their base length, 2.61 (2.53–2.83, 2.71) times width; anterior margin straight to weakly concave, apex broadly rounded, posterior margin weakly convex. Tail elongate, slender, tapering gradually; in cross-section nearly flat ventrally, rounded dorsally; length from anterior cloaca to tail tip 1.50 (1.50–1.52, 1.36) times precloacal length, 1.46 (1.47–1.50, 1.35) times disc length, 5.89 (5.94–6.59, 6.07) times body width at pelvic-fin insertions; tail width 2.19 (2.52–2.59, 2.56) times depth at pelvic-fin insertions, 2.43 (2.64–2.82, 2.56) times at first dorsal-fin origin, 1.94 (2.02–2.15, 2.02) times at second dorsal-fin origin. Dermal fold ventrolateral on tail, originating near free rear tip of pelvic fin, reaching just behind ventral caudal-fin origin; fold well developed, maximum width within interdorsal space about a fifth width of spiracle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="487636BA0E1A5518FF38C620FEAC0AF8" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="20" pageNumber="277">Head elongate, ventral length 27.3 (26.6–27.4, 28.3)% TL; snout moderately elongate and bluntly pointed; preoral snout length 3.37 (3.17–3.27, 3.16) times mouth width, 6.92 (6.92, 6.32) times internarial distance, 1.39 (1.38–1.48, 1.46) times dorsal caudal-fin margin, 5.26 times distance from nostril to margin of disc; snout length (direct) 3.17 (3.00–3.11, 3.07) times interspiracular length, 4.36 (4.08–4.16, 4.16) times orbit diameter, 4.43 (4.10– 4.37, 4.22) times interorbital width; interorbital space almost flat, relatively broad; eye dorsolateral, not elevated or protruding; orbit relatively small, diameter 1.48 (1.56, 1.31) times spiracle length, 1.01 (1.00–1.05, 1.01) times interorbital width. Spiracle narrowly bean-shaped, moderately large; two compressed spiracular folds on posterior margin, innermost fold slightly shorter than outer fold, distance between bases of folds less than half length of inner fold.</paragraph>
<caption id="1CB666320E1A5518FF68C1D9FD440E97" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2624914/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="277" startId="20.[151,250,1717,1739]" targetBox="[179,1421,794,1649]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="487636BA0E1A5518FF68C1D9FD440E97" blockId="20.[151,1436,1717,1770]" pageId="20" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E1A5518FF68C1D9FEB40EB6" bold="true" box="[151,276,1717,1739]" pageId="20" pageNumber="277">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E1A5518FEE3C1D9FDB40EB6" authority="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor, 2019" authorityName="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2019" box="[284,532,1717,1739]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ranongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E1A5518FEE3C1D9FDB40EB6" box="[284,532,1717,1739]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="277">Rhinobatos ranongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E1A5518FDE3C1D9FDCF0EB6" bold="true" box="[540,623,1717,1739]" pageId="20" pageNumber="277">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="618E57D30E1A5518FDE3C1D9FDCF0EB6" box="[540,623,1717,1739]" pageId="20" pageNumber="277" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: RV 
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E1A5518FD57C1DAFCCF0EB6" box="[680,879,1717,1739]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="277">Dr Fridtjof Nansen</emphasis>
station 132 (fresh, not retained), female 530 mm TL, Bay of Bengal, Myanmar, A. dorsal view, B. ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="487636BA0E1A5519FF38C07DFA3609D1" blockId="20.[151,1437,1809,2014]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="278" pageId="20" pageNumber="277">Nostril moderately large, oblique, nasal flaps well developed; anterior aperture suboval, width exceeding length; nostril length 3.08 (3.21–3.53, 2.98) times anterior aperture width, 1.53 (1.50–1.73, 1.47) times anterior nasal-flap base length, 1.11 (1.03–1.13, 1.01) times distance from nostril to edge of disc, 1.45 (1.40–1.42, 1.23) times internarial width. Anterior nasal flap relatively well developed with long, slender process anteriorly; flap base 1.61 (1.63–1.82, 1.71) times its width at process, 2.00 (1.85–2.35, 2.02) times anterior aperture width; insertion in internarial space slightly mesial to nostril margin, its distance from nostril about equal to half width of anterior nasal aperture; distance between their insertions 3.82 (3.42–3.63, 3.34) in distance between lateral margins of anterior apertures, 1.12 (1.02–1.08, 1.12) in internarial width; process of flap more than twice as long as wide at its base, overlapping posteromesial edge of posterolateral nasal flap and determining inner margin of anterior aperture. Posterolateral nasal flap lobe-like, broadest medially, length 4.64 (5.02–5.25, 5.28) times width; originating lateral to lateral extremity of anterior nasal aperture, extending posteromedially as a free fold almost to mesial tip of posterior flap. Posterior nasal flap broadly lobe-like, base length 2.25 (2.20–2.41, 2.58) times its width, not reaching innermost end of nostril, inserted well forward of its posterior tip; width 0.80 (0.72–0.96, 0.66) of anterior aperture width, 1.40 (1.30–1.66, 1.24) times posterolateral nasal-flap width. Nasal lamellae 47 (47–48).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="487636BA0E1B5519FF38C6DBFB830A8D" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="21" pageNumber="278">
Mouth moderately broad, width 1.41 (1.51–1.53, 1.62) times nostril length, 7.39 (7.07–7.18, 7.06) in precloacal length; positioned slightly forward of hind margin of orbit; jaws not greatly thickened. Upper jaw weakly convex, upper lip arched slightly, no preoral groove; lower lip pronounced, separated from post-oral groove by a few ridges of strongly corrugated skin; short lateral grooves around corners of mouth. Teeth small, blunt, crowns rhomboidal; teeth quincuncial, 80 (
<quantity id="8F319B5F0E1B5519FEB0C52BFE110A1D" box="[335,433,583,608]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7399" metricValueMax="1.7526" metricValueMin="1.7271999999999998" pageId="21" pageNumber="278" unit="in" value="68.5" valueMax="69.0" valueMin="68.0">68–69 in</quantity>
<typeStatus id="977288180E1B5519FE46C524FD830A1D" box="[441,547,584,608]" pageId="21" pageNumber="278" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
) rows in upper jaw and ~73 rows in lower jaw of 
<typeStatus id="977288180E1B5519FBB3C52BFB0F0A1D" box="[1100,1199,583,608]" pageId="21" pageNumber="278" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; upper and lower jaw teeth similar in shape and size. Gill openings s-shaped; length of third gill slit 2.23 (1.92–2.12, 2.05) in nostril length, 5.02 (4.76–5.02, 5.29) in distance between fifth gill slits; distance between first gill slits 1.43 (1.38–1.44, 1.40) times distance between fifth gill slits; distance between fifth gill slits 3.28 (3.30–3.54, 3.17) times internarial distance, 1.60 (1.56–1.62, 1.59) times mouth width, 3.16 (2.96–3.11, 2.97) in ventral head length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="487636BA0E1B5519FF38C590FD7F0C00" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="21" pageNumber="278">
Dorsal fins small, relatively low, raked slightly, relatively narrow, triangular, apices narrowly rounded to almost angular; anterior margins weakly convex, posterior margins weakly concave to nearly straight; free rear tips forming right angle, not produced; first dorsal-fin slightly taller than second; length of first dorsal fin 1.10 (1.08– 1.18, 1.21) times its height, base length 1.72 (1.49–1.59, 1.60) times inner margin length; second dorsal-fin length 1.20 (1.34–1.38, 1.42) times its height, base length 2.05 (1.94–1.97, 2.11) times inner margin length. First dorsalfin origin well behind pelvic-fin rear tip, interspace 0.74 (0.91–0.97, 0.94) times interdorsal distance; interdorsal space relatively short, 2.50 (2.48–2.63, 2.50) times second dorsal-fin height, 3.26 (2.94–3.19, 2.89) times base length of first dorsal-fin, 1.78 (1.46–1.63, 1.49) times interspace between second dorsal-fin insertion and upper origin of caudal fin, 1.41 (1.30–1.50, 1.46) times tail width at first dorsal-fin origin. Caudal fin small, dorsal caudal margin 2.41 (2.04–2.43, 2.12) times preventral margin length. Clasper of adult male 
<typeStatus id="977288180E1B5519FBABC353FB160C25" box="[1108,1206,1087,1112]" pageId="21" pageNumber="278" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
slender, short, inner length 13.8% TL; tip acute, glans weakly expanded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="487636BA0E1B5519FF38C3EBFB660DE0" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="21" pageNumber="278">Dermal denticles minute, close-set, covering entire body and fins; thorns and tubercles absent; dorsal surface with narrow series of barely enlarged, minute denticles around orbit, those along midline, and on scapular region seed-shaped with irregularly notched bases (barely discernable without magnification); around orbit, enlarged denticles most pronounced anteriorly at preorbit and posteriorly, with posterior patch extending over upper spiracle margin; along midline, in a single widely spaced row and weakly represented between dorsal fins; dorsal surface of claspers naked at tip and near pelvic-fin insertions. Ventral surface uniformly covered with minute denticles, including upper lip edges, near insertion of anterior nasal flap, and most of claspers; nasal region below nasal flaps and tail beside pelvic fins partly naked; a dense covering of small denticles over nasal lamellae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="487636BA0E1B5519FF38C2CBFC710D98" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="21" pageNumber="278">Prebranchial sensory pore system relatively narrow, extending posteriorly to level of first gill slit. Postscapular sensory canal indistinct, deeply embedded, not forming a shallow groove.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="487636BA0E1B5519FF38C283FB680F78" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="21" pageNumber="278">
Rostral cartilage in 
<typeStatus id="977288180E1B5519FE57C283FDAA0E75" box="[424,522,1519,1544]" pageId="21" pageNumber="278" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
long and broad, its shaft not increasing in width in a posterior direction; rostral node broadly expanded and elongate, rounded apically, not angular, axis at widest part of node 13.3% of length of rostral cartilage from snout tip; precerebral fontanelle broad and convex posteriorly with a small median notch, pointed anteriorly at rostral node; rostral cartilage length about 64% of length of neurocranium, ventral edges of rostral cartilage united; nasal capsules large, their transverse axes anterolaterally directed; maximum width across capsules 1.29 times nasobasal length of cranium (base of rostrum to occipital condyles); nasal capsule width subequal to length; basal plate minimum width 4.56 times in nasobasal length; cranial roof lacking a posterior fenestra behind precerebral cavity; anterior cartilage broadly sickle shaped, truncate posteriorly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="487636BA0E1B5519FF38C063FBE10FA1" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="21" pageNumber="278">Pectoral skeleton with 31 (30–33, n=3) propterygial, 7 (6–9) mesopterygial, 2 (1–2) neopterygial, 26 (24–25) metapterygial, 66 (64–68) total radials; anterior radials of propterygium extending forward of nasal capsules by about 21% of rostral length. Total pelvic radials 1+25 (1+24); first greatly enlarged, on puboischiadic bar; clasper calcified. Vertebral column with 185 (185–191) total centra (synarcual and free), 172 (174–176) post-synarcual centra; 13 (11–15) synarcual centra; 25 (25–27) monospondylous centra, most centra with ribs; 102 (108–111) diplospondylous precaudal centra, about 45 (38–43) diplospondylous caudal centra.</paragraph>
<caption id="1CB666320E18551AFF68C0F7FB940F93" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2624916/files/figure.svg" pageId="22" pageNumber="279" startId="22.[151,250,1947,1969]" targetBox="[177,1416,181,1892]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="487636BA0E18551AFF68C0F7FB940F93" blockId="22.[151,1436,1947,2030]" pageId="22" pageNumber="279">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E18551AFF68C0F7FE800FCC" bold="true" box="[151,288,1947,1969]" pageId="22" pageNumber="279">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
View of dorsal head (preserved): A. 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E18551AFD64C0F7FC310FCC" authority="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor, 2019" authorityName="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2019" box="[667,913,1947,1969]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ranongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E18551AFD64C0F7FC310FCC" box="[667,913,1947,1969]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="279">Rhinobatos ranongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E18551AFC67C0F7FC490FCC" bold="true" box="[920,1001,1947,1969]" pageId="22" pageNumber="279">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="618E57D30E18551AFC67C0F7FC490FCC" box="[920,1001,1947,1969]" pageId="22" pageNumber="279" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, adult male holotype 645 mm TL (CSIRO H 7861-02); B. 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E18551AFEC8C0D5FDAC0FB2" authorityName="Compagno &amp; Randall" authorityYear="1987" box="[311,524,1977,1999]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctifer">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E18551AFEC8C0D5FDAC0FB2" box="[311,524,1977,1999]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="279">Rhinobatos punctifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female 570 mm TL (MNHN 2014-0156); C. 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E18551AFC20C0D5FB6B0FB2" box="[991,1227,1977,1999]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annandalei">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E18551AFC20C0D5FB6B0FB2" box="[991,1227,1977,1999]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="279">Rhinobatos annandalei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female 870 mm TL (CSIRO H 7866-01); and D. 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E18551AFE43C0B4FD270F93" authorityName=": Fowler" authorityYear="1941" box="[444,647,2008,2030]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lionotus">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E18551AFE43C0B4FD270F93" box="[444,647,2008,2030]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="279">Rhinobatos lionotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female 760 mm TL (CSIRO H 7867-01).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="1CB666320E19551BFF68C316FB280CB0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2624918/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="280" startId="23.[151,250,1146,1168]" targetBox="[172,1396,233,1104]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph id="487636BA0E19551BFF68C316FB280CB0" blockId="23.[151,1436,1146,1229]" pageId="23" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E19551BFF68C316FE810CED" bold="true" box="[151,289,1146,1168]" pageId="23" pageNumber="280">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
Views of oronasal region (preserved): A. 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E19551BFD20C316FC780CED" authority="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor, 2019" authorityName="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2019" box="[735,984,1146,1168]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ranongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E19551BFD20C316FC780CED" box="[735,984,1146,1168]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="280">Rhinobatos ranongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E19551BFC1EC316FB940CED" bold="true" box="[993,1076,1146,1168]" pageId="23" pageNumber="280">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="618E57D30E19551BFC1EC316FB940CED" box="[993,1076,1146,1168]" pageId="23" pageNumber="280" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, adult male holotype 645 mm TL (CSIRO H 7861-02); B. 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E19551BFE70C3F4FDC30CD3" authorityName="Compagno &amp; Randall" authorityYear="1987" box="[399,611,1176,1198]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctifer">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E19551BFE70C3F4FDC30CD3" box="[399,611,1176,1198]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="280">Rhinobatos punctifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female 570 mm TL (MNHN 2014-0156); C. 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E19551BFBCBC3F4FABF0CD3" box="[1076,1311,1176,1198]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annandalei">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E19551BFBCBC3F4FABF0CD3" box="[1076,1311,1176,1198]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="280">Rhinobatos annandalei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female 870 mm TL (CSIRO H 7866-01); and D. 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E19551BFDEFC3DBFD7B0CB0" authorityName=": Fowler" authorityYear="1941" box="[528,731,1207,1229]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lionotus">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E19551BFDEFC3DBFD7B0CB0" box="[528,731,1207,1229]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="280">Rhinobatos lionotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female 760 mm TL (CSIRO H 7867-01).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="487636BA0E19551BFF38C396FE760EE2" blockId="23.[151,1437,1274,2019]" pageId="23" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E19551BFF38C396FE800D6E" bold="true" box="[199,288,1274,1299]" pageId="23" pageNumber="280">Colour.</emphasis>
In preservative: 
<typeStatus id="977288180E19551BFE1EC396FDE90D6E" box="[481,585,1274,1299]" pageId="23" pageNumber="280" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
mainly plain brown dorsally, lacking obvious pattern of spots or blotches; rostral cartilage strongly demarcated from paler yellowish lateral snout; dorsal disc and pelvic-fin apices and posterior margins, caudal fin, anterior parts of dorsal fins, and clasper tip paler yellowish; posterior parts of dorsal fins dusky; fontanelle of rostral cartilage and preorbit paler than areas adjacent. Ventral surface creamish, snout tip lacking dark blotches; small, symmetrical black patches present beneath anterior nasal and lateral nasal flaps; posterior margins of pectoral and pelvic fins with irregular dusky margins; small asymmetrical dark blotches beneath gill slits. Fresh (based on 
<typeStatus id="977288180E19551BFDE0C2BEFD210D96" box="[543,641,1490,1515]" pageId="23" pageNumber="280" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and discarded specimen, RV 
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E19551BFC2AC2BFFB110D97" box="[981,1201,1490,1514]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="280">Dr Fridtjof Nansen</emphasis>
station 132): Dorsal surface of body plain, medium brownish without obvious spots or blotches (sometimes faint); paler parts of snout and on outer parts of disc, and pelvic, dorsal and caudal fins evident but much less obvious than in preserved 
<typeStatus id="977288180E19551BFF68C152FF5D0E2A" box="[151,253,1598,1623]" pageId="23" pageNumber="280" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; posterior parts of dorsal fins distinctly more dusky than anterior parts. Ventral surface largely uniformly white; no dark tip on snout apex; snout beside rostral cartilage and apices and posterior margins of disc and pelvic fins darker, yellowish green.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="487636BA0E19551BFF38C1C6FD1D0F76" blockId="23.[151,1437,1274,2019]" pageId="23" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E19551BFF38C1C6FF5E0EBE" bold="true" box="[199,254,1706,1731]" pageId="23" pageNumber="280">Size.</emphasis>
The 
<typeStatus id="977288180E19551BFEC6C1C6FE3B0EBE" box="[313,411,1706,1731]" pageId="23" pageNumber="280" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<quantity id="8F319B5F0E19551BFE54C1C6FDAA0EBF" box="[427,522,1706,1731]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.45" pageId="23" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="645.0">645 mm</quantity>
TL) and largest 
<typeStatus id="977288180E19551BFD37C1C7FC880EBE" box="[712,808,1707,1731]" pageId="23" pageNumber="280" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(
<quantity id="8F319B5F0E19551BFCC7C1C6FC370EBF" box="[824,919,1706,1731]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.37" pageId="23" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="637.0">637 mm</quantity>
TL), are both adult males; smaller males 
<quantity id="8F319B5F0E19551BFA8DC1C6FF630E9B" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9399999999999995" pageId="23" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="494.0">494 mm</quantity>
and 
<quantity id="8F319B5F0E19551BFF07C1A2FEF50E9B" box="[248,341,1742,1767]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.029999999999999" pageId="23" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="503.0">503 mm</quantity>
TL were immature. The largest female measured was 
<quantity id="8F319B5F0E19551BFC4CC1A2FBAF0E9B" box="[947,1039,1742,1767]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.11" pageId="23" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="511.0">511 mm</quantity>
TL and was most probably at a late adolescent or early mature stage of development.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00D365310E195514FF38C07AFA3409B2" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="281" pageId="23" pageNumber="280" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="487636BA0E19551BFF38C07AFC720F2E" blockId="23.[151,1437,1274,2019]" pageId="23" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E19551BFF38C07AFEEE0F52" bold="true" box="[199,334,1814,1839]" pageId="23" pageNumber="280">Etymology.</emphasis>
Epithet based on the location, 
<collectingRegion id="8A0DF8580E19551BFD38C07BFCBE0F52" box="[711,798,1815,1839]" country="Thailand" name="Ranong" pageId="23" pageNumber="280">Ranong</collectingRegion>
fish landing (western 
<collectingCountry id="30DE762A0E19551BFBD2C07AFB350F52" box="[1069,1173,1814,1839]" name="Thailand" pageId="23" pageNumber="280">Thailand</collectingCountry>
), from where the first specimen was collected 25 years ago, and subsequently most of the 
<typeStatus id="977288180E19551BFC6FC057FC6E0F2E" box="[912,974,1851,1875]" pageId="23" pageNumber="280">types</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="487636BA0E195514FF38C032FA3409B2" blockId="23.[151,1437,1274,2019]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1436,151,464]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="281" pageId="23" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E19551BFF38C032FE150F0A" bold="true" box="[199,437,1886,1911]" pageId="23" pageNumber="280">Molecular analysis.</emphasis>
The Maximum Likelihood analysis of the aligned NADH2 sequences suggests that 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E19551BFF68C0EEFE0D0FE7" authorityName="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,429,1922,1946]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ranongensis">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E19551BFF68C0EEFE0D0FE7" box="[151,429,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="280">Rhinobatos ranongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
represents a lineage that is distinct from 13 other species of 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E19551BFB60C0EEFABE0FE7" box="[1183,1310,1922,1946]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E19551BFB60C0EEFABE0FE7" box="[1183,1310,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="280">Rhinobatos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="D0F22A3F0E19551BFACAC0EEFA2F0FE6" box="[1333,1423,1922,1947]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1817,1839]" captionTargetBox="[311,1227,428,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[291,1248,419,1780]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 15. Maximum Likelihood (GTR+I+G) tree derived from aligned mitochondrial NADH2 sequences (1044 sites)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2624926/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="280">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E19551BFF68C0CAFE090FC3" authorityName="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,425,1958,1982]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ranongensis">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E19551BFF68C0CAFE090FC3" box="[151,425,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="280">Rhinobatos ranongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be most closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E19551BFC9CC0CBFB830FC3" authorityName="Last, White &amp; Fahmi" authorityYear="2006" box="[867,1059,1958,1982]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jimbaranensis">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E19551BFC9CC0CBFB830FC3" box="[867,1059,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="280">R. jimbaranensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingRegion id="8A0DF8580E19551BFBCAC0CAFBC70FC2" box="[1077,1127,1958,1983]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="23" pageNumber="280">Bali</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="30DE762A0E19551BFB89C0CAFB480FC2" box="[1142,1256,1958,1983]" name="Indonesia" pageId="23" pageNumber="280">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
), and these two species, in turn, are sister to a group containing 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E19551BFD35C0A7FCF90F9F" box="[714,857,1994,2018]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sainsbury">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E19551BFD35C0A7FCF90F9F" box="[714,857,1994,2018]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="280">R. sainsbury</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="30DE762A0E19551BFBF6C0A6FBD20F9E" box="[1033,1138,1994,2019]" name="Australia" pageId="23" pageNumber="280">Australia</collectingCountry>
) and a recently described guitarfish from 
<collectingCountry id="30DE762A0E165514FEB9C7F4FD8108CD" box="[326,545,151,176]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E165514FDD4C7F5FD3008D2" authorityName="White, Last &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2016" box="[555,656,152,176]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manai">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FDD4C7F5FD3008D2" box="[555,656,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">R. manai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The immediate sister group to this 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E165514FBDDC7F5FB6A08D2" authorityName="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2019" box="[1058,1226,152,176]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ranongensis">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FBDDC7F5FB6A08D2" box="[1058,1226,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">R. ranongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E165514FB28C7F5FA3508CD" authorityName="Last, White &amp; Fahmi" authorityYear="2006" box="[1239,1429,152,176]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jimbaranensis">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FB28C7F5FA3508CD" box="[1239,1429,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">R. jimbaranensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E165514FF68C7D1FE8B08A9" authorityName="Last" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,299,188,212]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sainsburyi">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FF68C7D1FE8B08A9" box="[151,299,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">R. sainsburyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E165514FEC5C7D1FE0008A9" authorityName="White, Last &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2016" box="[314,416,189,212]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manai">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FEC5C7D1FE0008A9" box="[314,416,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">R. manai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade is made up of two other recently described species from Borneo, 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E165514FB33C7D1FAC508A9" authorityName="Last, Seret &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2016" box="[1228,1381,188,212]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borneensis">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FB33C7D1FAC508A9" box="[1228,1381,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">R. borneensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the 
<collectingCountry id="30DE762A0E165514FF3EC7B3FEE20885" box="[193,322,223,248]" name="Philippines" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E165514FEB2C78DFE110885" authorityName="Last, Corrigan &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2014" box="[333,433,224,248]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="whitei">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FEB2C78DFE110885" box="[333,433,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">R. whitei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This group is in turn sister to a distinct clade containing three morphologically different guitarfishes, 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E165514FED6C669FE040961" authorityName=": Fowler" authorityYear="1941" box="[297,420,260,284]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lionotus">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FED6C669FE040961" box="[297,420,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">R. lionotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E165514FE4BC669FD970961" authorityName="Last, White &amp; Fahmi" authorityYear="2006" box="[436,567,260,284]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="penggali">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FE4BC669FD970961" box="[436,567,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">R. penggali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E165514FD8DC669FCB10961" box="[626,785,260,284]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annandalei">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FD8DC669FCB10961" box="[626,785,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">R. annandalei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These clades are in turn sister to highly divergent clade containing two subgroups: 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E165514FE2DC645FDFA093D" authorityName="Compagno &amp; Randall" authorityYear="1987" box="[466,602,296,320]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctifer">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FE2DC645FDFA093D" box="[466,602,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">R. punctifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E165514FD66C645FCC1093D" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1922" box="[665,865,296,320]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holcorhynchus">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FD66C645FCC1093D" box="[665,865,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">R. holcorhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(western Indian Ocean) and 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E165514FB48C645FAE5093D" authorityName="Muller &amp; Henle" authorityYear="1841" box="[1207,1349,296,320]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schlegelii">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FB48C645FAE5093D" box="[1207,1349,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">R. schlegelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E165514FA7BC645FE970919" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hynnicephelus">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FA7BC645FE970919" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">R. hynnicephelus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(western North Pacific). The 
<typeStatus id="977288180E165514FD77C621FD180918" box="[648,696,333,357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E165514FC56C620FB880919" box="[937,1064,332,356]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FC56C620FB880919" box="[937,1064,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">Rhinobatos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E165514FBC8C621FB760919" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1079,1238,332,356]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhinobatos">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FBC8C621FB760919" box="[1079,1238,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">R. Rhinobatos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea, is basal to these clades with species from the Indo-Pacific While this inference appears robust, we caution that it is based on a single mitochondrial marker. Inclusion of multiple nuclear markers could well affect both the estimated relationships among the species and the associated branch lengths on the tree.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="1CB666320E165514FF68C2B8FB0E0E55" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2624920/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" startId="24.[151,250,1492,1514]" targetBox="[156,1412,525,1459]" targetPageId="24">
<paragraph id="487636BA0E165514FF68C2B8FB0E0E55" blockId="24.[151,1436,1492,1576]" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FF68C2B8FEBF0D97" bold="true" box="[151,287,1492,1514]" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
Dorsal view of skin at scapulocoracoids of: A. 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E165514FD01C2B8FC530D97" authority="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor, 2019" authorityName="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2019" box="[766,1011,1492,1514]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ranongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FD01C2B8FC530D97" box="[766,1011,1492,1514]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">Rhinobatos ranongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FC06C2B8FBE90D97" bold="true" box="[1017,1097,1492,1514]" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="618E57D30E165514FC06C2B8FBE90D97" box="[1017,1097,1492,1514]" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, adult male holotype 645 mm TL (CSIRO H 7861-02); B. 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E165514FE6DC29FFDC70E74" authorityName="Compagno &amp; Randall" authorityYear="1987" box="[402,615,1523,1545]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctifer">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FE6DC29FFDC70E74" box="[402,615,1523,1545]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">Rhinobatos punctifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, adult male 643 mm TL (MNHN 2014-0157); C. 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E165514FB9BC29FFAF00E74" box="[1124,1360,1523,1545]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annandalei">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FB9BC29FFAF00E74" box="[1124,1360,1523,1545]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">Rhinobatos annandalei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female 870 mm TL (CSIRO H 7867-01); and D. 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E165514FDC3C17EFCA70E55" authorityName=": Fowler" authorityYear="1941" box="[572,775,1554,1576]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lionotus">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FDC3C17EFCA70E55" box="[572,775,1554,1576]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">Rhinobatos lionotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female 760 mm TL (CSIRO H 7866-01).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="00D365310E165510FF38C123FF5509D0" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="285" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="487636BA0E165514FF38C123FC1F0F8E" blockId="24.[151,1436,1615,2036]" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FF38C123FE9B0E15" bold="true" box="[199,315,1615,1640]" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">Remarks.</emphasis>
In the northern Indian Ocean, 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E165514FD52C123FC610E1A" authorityName="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2019" box="[685,961,1615,1639]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ranongensis">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FD52C123FC610E1A" box="[685,961,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">Rhinobatos ranongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar morphometrically to the allopatric 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E165514FEF4C118FE320EF6" authorityName="Compagno &amp; Randall" authorityYear="1987" box="[267,402,1651,1675]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctifer">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FEF4C118FE320EF6" box="[267,402,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">R. punctifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(western sector); amongst the morphs of 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E165514FC86C118FBA00EF6" authorityName="Compagno &amp; Randall" authorityYear="1987" box="[889,1024,1651,1675]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctifer">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FC86C118FBA00EF6" box="[889,1024,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">R. punctifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it most closely resembles the plain morph in coloration (which appears to be most common off 
<collectingCountry id="30DE762A0E165514FCBDC1FBFC060ECD" box="[834,934,1687,1712]" name="Pakistan" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
). The adult male 
<typeStatus id="977288180E165514FB94C1FBFB6D0ECD" box="[1131,1229,1687,1712]" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E165514FB0CC1F4FA3C0ED2" authorityName="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2019" box="[1267,1436,1688,1711]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ranongensis">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FB0CC1F4FA3C0ED2" box="[1267,1436,1688,1711]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">R. ranongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from adult males of 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E165514FE36C1D0FDED0EAE" authorityName="Compagno &amp; Randall" authorityYear="1987" box="[457,589,1723,1747]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctifer">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FE36C1D0FDED0EAE" box="[457,589,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">R. punctifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(n=6) in several key measurements: longer proportions about the head (e.g. ventral head length 27.3% TL 
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FE00C18CFDBD0E8A" box="[511,541,1760,1783]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">vs.</emphasis>
25.7–26.6% TL in 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E165514FCF8C18CFC2E0E8A" authorityName="Compagno &amp; Randall" authorityYear="1987" box="[775,910,1759,1783]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctifer">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FCF8C18CFC2E0E8A" box="[775,910,1759,1783]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">R. punctifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, snout length 15.4% TL 
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FB47C18CFB760E8A" box="[1208,1238,1760,1783]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">vs.</emphasis>
13.1–14.4% TL, prenarial distance 14.3% TL 
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FE1EC068FE5F0F66" box="[481,511,1796,1819]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">vs.</emphasis>
11.6–12.7% TL); slightly smaller proportions in the orbito-spiracular region (e.g. orbit and spiracle length 4.6% TL 
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FDE3C044FD9B0F42" box="[540,571,1832,1855]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">vs.</emphasis>
4.8–5.1% TL, interspiracular width 4.9% TL 
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FBBBC044FBC20F42" box="[1092,1122,1832,1855]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">vs.</emphasis>
5.0–5.3% TL); smaller fins (e.g. first dorsal-fin length 6.5% TL 
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FDD2C020FDEB0F1E" box="[557,587,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">vs.</emphasis>
6.6–7.6% TL, first dorsal-fin height 5.9% TL 
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FBACC020FBD20F1E" box="[1107,1138,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">vs.</emphasis>
6.7–8.0% TL, first dorsalfin base length 4.2% TL 
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FE48C01CFE760FFA" box="[439,470,1904,1927]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">vs.</emphasis>
4.4–5.4% TL, second dorsal-fin length 6.6% TL 
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FBF0C01CFB8E0FFA" box="[1039,1070,1904,1927]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">vs.</emphasis>
6.6–7.2% TL, caudal-fin dorsal margin length 13.1% TL 
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FE49C0F8FE750FD6" box="[438,469,1940,1963]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">vs.</emphasis>
14.1–15.5% TL), and possibly a marginally thinner trunk (body depth at first dorsalfin origin 4.0% TL 
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FE8BC0D4FE320FB2" box="[372,402,1976,1999]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">vs.</emphasis>
4.1–4.5% TL, at second dorsal-fin origin 2.5% TL 
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FC26C0D4FC570FB2" box="[985,1015,1976,1999]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">vs.</emphasis>
2.6–2.8% TL). These differences are similarly reflected in values for the smaller 
<typeStatus id="977288180E165514FD7FC0B0FD4B0F89" box="[640,747,2012,2036]" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E165514FCEFC0B0FC190F8E" authorityName="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2019" box="[784,953,2012,2035]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ranongensis">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E165514FCEFC0B0FC190F8E" box="[784,953,2012,2035]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="281">R. ranongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="1CB666320E175515FF68C20EFED80DEA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2624922/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="282" startId="25.[151,250,1378,1400]" targetBox="[208,1379,193,1357]" targetPageId="25">
<paragraph id="487636BA0E175515FF68C20EFED80DEA" blockId="25.[151,1435,1378,1431]" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FF68C20EFEB90D05" bold="true" box="[151,281,1378,1400]" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">FIGURE 13</emphasis>
. Radiograph of the chondrocranium of 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E175515FD52C20EFC030D05" authority="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor, 2019" authorityName="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2019" box="[685,931,1378,1400]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ranongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FD52C20EFC030D05" box="[685,931,1378,1400]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">Rhinobatos ranongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="618E57D30E175515FC55C20FFC540D05" box="[938,1012,1379,1400]" pageId="25" pageNumber="282" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, preserved adult male holotype CSIRO H 7861-02, 645 mm TL.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="487636BA0E175515FF38C2D2FB480E1B" blockId="25.[151,1436,1470,1999]" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E175515FF38C2D2FE790DAB" authorityName="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2019" box="[199,473,1470,1494]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ranongensis">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FF38C2D2FE790DAB" box="[199,473,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">Rhinobatos ranongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is readily distinguishable from other northern Indian Ocean species, 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E175515FB03C2D3FA3C0DAB" box="[1276,1436,1470,1494]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annandalei">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FB03C2D3FA3C0DAB" box="[1276,1436,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">R. annandalei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E175515FF38C28FFEE10D87" authorityName=": Fowler" authorityYear="1941" box="[199,321,1506,1530]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lionotus">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FF38C28FFEE10D87" box="[199,321,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">R. lionotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with which it is sympatric in the eastern sector, in having a much narrower (maximum disc width 30.5–33.3% TL for 
<typeStatus id="977288180E175515FE82C16BFE180E62" box="[381,440,1543,1567]" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">types</typeStatus>
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FE3DC16BFE400E63" box="[450,480,1543,1566]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">vs.</emphasis>
38.0–44.1% TL 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E175515FD59C16BFCE60E63" box="[678,838,1542,1566]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annandalei">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FD59C16BFCE60E63" box="[678,838,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">R. annandalei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 34.4–36.9% TL in 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E175515FBA2C16BFB790E63" authorityName=": Fowler" authorityYear="1941" box="[1117,1241,1542,1566]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lionotus">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FBA2C16BFB790E63" box="[1117,1241,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">R. lionotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and longer disc (length 40.1–42.7% TL 
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FE45C147FE780E3F" box="[442,472,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">vs.</emphasis>
44.9–47.8% TL 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E175515FD53C147FCF00E3F" box="[684,848,1578,1602]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annandalei">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FD53C147FCF00E3F" box="[684,848,1578,1602]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">R. annandalei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 44.1–44.4% TL in 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E175515FB82C147FB5E0E3F" authorityName=": Fowler" authorityYear="1941" box="[1149,1278,1578,1602]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lionotus">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FB82C147FB5E0E3F" box="[1149,1278,1578,1602]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">R. lionotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E175515FAE3C146FE800E1B" authorityName="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2019" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ranongensis">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FAE3C146FE800E1B" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">Rhinobatos ranongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also lacks the symmetrically arranged pattern of white spots evident in 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E175515FBBBC123FB410E1B" box="[1092,1249,1614,1638]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annandalei">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FBBBC123FB410E1B" box="[1092,1249,1614,1638]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">R. annandalei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="487636BA0E175515FF38C11EFA3C0F1E" blockId="25.[151,1436,1470,1999]" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">
As discussed above, based on molecular data (
<figureCitation id="D0F22A3F0E175515FD2BC11EFC870EF6" box="[724,807,1650,1675]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1817,1839]" captionTargetBox="[311,1227,428,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[291,1248,419,1780]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 15. Maximum Likelihood (GTR+I+G) tree derived from aligned mitochondrial NADH2 sequences (1044 sites)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2624926/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E175515FCC2C11FFC460EF7" authorityName="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2019" box="[829,998,1651,1674]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ranongensis">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FCC2C11FFC460EF7" box="[829,998,1651,1674]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">R. ranongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be most closely allied to 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E175515FA7BC11FFE960ED3" authorityName="Last, White &amp; Fahmi" authorityYear="2006" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jimbaranensis">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FA7BC11FFE960ED3" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">R. jimbaranensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="30DE762A0E175515FE7FC1FAFE510ED2" box="[384,497,1686,1711]" name="Indonesia" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
. 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E175515FE02C1FAFCB00ED3" authorityName="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2019" box="[509,784,1686,1710]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ranongensis">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FE02C1FAFCB00ED3" box="[509,784,1686,1710]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">Rhinobatos ranongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has smaller measurements around the head (e.g. ventral head length 26.6–28.3% TL in 
<typeStatus id="977288180E175515FDF9C1D7FDE10EAE" box="[518,577,1723,1747]" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">types</typeStatus>
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FDB3C1D7FDCA0EAF" box="[588,618,1723,1746]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">vs.</emphasis>
28.3–29.8% TL in 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E175515FCABC1D7FBB50EAF" authorityName="Last, White &amp; Fahmi" authorityYear="2006" box="[852,1045,1722,1746]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jimbaranensis">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FCABC1D7FBB50EAF" box="[852,1045,1722,1746]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">R. jimbaranensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, snout length 15.2–15.8% TL 
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FA82C1D7FA3C0EAF" box="[1405,1436,1723,1746]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">vs.</emphasis>
17.0–17.8% TL, prenarial distance 13.9–14.8% TL 
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FD1EC1B3FCA00E8B" box="[737,768,1759,1782]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">vs.</emphasis>
15.8–16.8% TL); a lower first dorsal fin (height 5.4–6.2% TL 
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FF3BC06FFF420F67" box="[196,226,1795,1818]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">vs.</emphasis>
6.4–7.3% TL), slightly shorter disc (length 40.1–42.7% TL 
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FC58C06FFC660F67" box="[935,966,1795,1818]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">vs.</emphasis>
42.8–44.8% TL), slightly larger nostrils (length 3.6–3.8% TL 
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FE73C04BFE0A0F43" box="[396,426,1831,1854]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">vs.</emphasis>
3.5% TL in 
<specimenCount id="5ECFFD330E175515FDC3C04AFD6C0F42" box="[572,716,1830,1855]" pageId="25" pageNumber="282" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
), and larger gill openings (length of third 1.7–1.9% TL 
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FABBC04BFAC30F43" box="[1348,1379,1831,1854]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">vs.</emphasis>
1.3– 1.5% TL). 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E175515FEEEC027FE6F0F1F" authorityName="Last, White &amp; Fahmi" authorityYear="2006" box="[273,463,1866,1890]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jimbaranensis">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FEEEC027FE6F0F1F" box="[273,463,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">R. jimbaranensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is covered with faint rusty brown blotches on the dorsal surface when fresh (
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FAD1C027FAED0F1F" box="[1326,1357,1867,1890]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">vs.</emphasis>
plain).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="487636BA0E175517FF38C002FCD80918" blockId="25.[151,1436,1470,1999]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="284" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">
Of the other allopatric species clustering close to 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E175515FCD7C003FC770FFB" authorityName="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2019" box="[808,983,1903,1926]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ranongensis">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FCD7C003FC770FFB" box="[808,983,1903,1926]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">R. ranongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<figureCitation id="D0F22A3F0E175515FBF7C002FBC00FFA" box="[1032,1120,1902,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1817,1839]" captionTargetBox="[311,1227,428,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[291,1248,419,1780]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 15. Maximum Likelihood (GTR+I+G) tree derived from aligned mitochondrial NADH2 sequences (1044 sites)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2624926/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E175515FB8CC003FAA60FFB" authorityName="Last" authorityYear="2004" box="[1139,1286,1902,1926]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sainsburyi">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FB8CC003FAA60FFB" box="[1139,1286,1902,1926]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">R sainsburyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
often has a pronounced blotched pattern on the dorsal surface, slightly shorter snout (length 13.1–14.7% TL 
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FB12C0FFFAAC0FD7" box="[1261,1292,1939,1962]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">vs.</emphasis>
15.2–15.8% TL in 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E175515FF23C0DBFE230FB3" authorityName="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2019" box="[220,387,1975,1998]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ranongensis">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FF23C0DBFE230FB3" box="[220,387,1975,1998]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">R. ranongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and taller dorsal fins (first dorsal-fin height 7.6–7.9% TL 
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E175515FBEBC0DBFB930FB3" box="[1044,1075,1975,1998]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="282">vs.</emphasis>
5.4–6.2% TL, second dorsal-fin height 6.6–7.2% TL 
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E155517FE78C7F5FE0508CD" box="[391,421,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="284">vs.</emphasis>
4.8–5.5% TL); 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E155517FD9FC7F5FD6808D2" authorityName="White, Last &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2016" box="[608,712,152,176]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manai">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E155517FD9FC7F5FD6808D2" box="[608,712,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="284">R. manai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a distinctive dorsal colour pattern of small of rusty brown spots and whitish spots with greyish edges (absent in 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E155517FD06C7D1FC0208A9" authorityName="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2019" box="[761,930,189,212]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ranongensis">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E155517FD06C7D1FC0208A9" box="[761,930,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="284">R. ranongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E155517FC43C7D1FB8008A9" authorityName="Last, Corrigan &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2014" box="[956,1056,188,212]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="whitei">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E155517FC43C7D1FB8008A9" box="[956,1056,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="284">R. whitei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar morphometrically (differing slightly in relative eye size and mouth width) but is usually blotched with whitish spots on the dorsal surface; and 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E155517FED7C669FE610961" authorityName="Last, Seret &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2016" box="[296,449,260,284]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borneensis">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E155517FED7C669FE610961" box="[296,449,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="284">R. borneensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is also very similar morphometrically, has taller dorsal fins in adult males (first dorsal-fin height 7.1–7.3% TL 
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E155517FE07C645FDB7093D" box="[504,535,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="284">vs.</emphasis>
5.4–6.2% TL, second dorsal-fin height 5.9–6.0% TL 
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E155517FB84C645FB39093D" box="[1147,1177,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="284">vs.</emphasis>
4.8–5.5% TL) and the dorsal surface is covered with orange-brown blotches when fresh.
</paragraph>
<caption id="1CB666320E145516FF68C0DFFC400F96" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2624924/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" startId="26.[151,250,1971,1993]" targetBox="[320,1236,218,1843]" targetPageId="26">
<paragraph id="487636BA0E145516FF68C0DFFC400F96" blockId="26.[151,1435,1971,2027]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E145516FF68C0DFFE800FB4" bold="true" box="[151,288,1971,1993]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
Lateral views of the unpaired fins of 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E145516FD59C0DFFC3D0FB4" authority="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor, 2019" authorityName="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2019" box="[678,925,1971,1993]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ranongensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E145516FD59C0DFFC3D0FB4" box="[678,925,1971,1993]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">Rhinobatos ranongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E145516FC5BC0DFFC560FB4" bold="true" box="[932,1014,1971,1993]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="618E57D30E145516FC5BC0DFFC560FB4" box="[932,1014,1971,1993]" pageId="26" pageNumber="283" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, preserved adult male holotype, 645 mm TL (CSIRO H 7861-02): A. first dorsal fin; B. second dorsal fin; and C. caudal fin.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="1CB666320E155517FF68C075FACE0F52" box="[151,1390,1817,1839]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2624926/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="284" startId="27.[151,250,1817,1839]" targetBox="[311,1227,428,1765]" targetPageId="27">
<paragraph id="487636BA0E155517FF68C075FACE0F52" blockId="27.[151,1390,1817,1839]" box="[151,1390,1817,1839]" pageId="27" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E155517FF68C075FEBF0F52" bold="true" box="[151,287,1817,1839]" pageId="27" pageNumber="284">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
Maximum Likelihood (GTR+I+G) tree derived from aligned mitochondrial NADH2 sequences (1044 sites).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="487636BA0E155510FF38C030FAB00960" blockId="27.[151,1436,1884,2017]" lastBlockId="28.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="285" pageId="27" pageNumber="284">
The newly described 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E155517FE3DC030FC300F08" authority="(Ebert &amp; Gon 2017)" authorityName="Ebert &amp; Gon" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Ebert &amp; Gon" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[450,912,1884,1909]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="austini">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E155517FE3DC030FD380F09" box="[450,664,1884,1908]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="284">Rhinobatos austini</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2C584B4B0E155517FD55C030FC280F08" author="Ebert, D. A. &amp; Gon, O." box="[682,904,1884,1909]" pageId="27" pageNumber="284" pagination="204 - 214" refId="ref12095" refString="Ebert, D. A. &amp; Gon, O. (2017) Rhinobatos austini n. sp. a new guitarfish (Rhinopristiformes: Rhinobatidae) from the Southwestern Indian Ocean. Zootaxa, 4276 (2), 204 - 214." type="journal article" year="2017">Ebert &amp; Gon 2017</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E155517FC32C031FB3B0F09" box="[973,1179,1884,1908]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="284">
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E155517FC32C031FB360F09" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1922" box="[973,1174,1884,1908]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holcorhynchus">R. holcorhynchus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
a sympatric congener from the southwestern Indian Ocean, both have a prominent teardrop-shaped, dark blotch on the ventral surface of their snout (only otherwise possessed by 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E155517FD8BC0C9FCA30FC1" authorityName="Muller &amp; Henle" authorityYear="1841" box="[628,771,1956,1980]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schlegelii">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E155517FD8BC0C9FCA30FC1" box="[628,771,1956,1980]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="284">R. schlegelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Indo-Pacific in young and often obscure in adults, 
<bibRefCitation id="2C584B4B0E155517FF68C0A4FEDA0F9D" author="Ebert, D. A. &amp; Gon, O." box="[151,378,1992,2017]" pageId="27" pageNumber="284" pagination="204 - 214" refId="ref12095" refString="Ebert, D. A. &amp; Gon, O. (2017) Rhinobatos austini n. sp. a new guitarfish (Rhinopristiformes: Rhinobatidae) from the Southwestern Indian Ocean. Zootaxa, 4276 (2), 204 - 214." type="journal article" year="2017">Ebert &amp; Gon, 2017</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E155517FE71C0A4FDC40F9D" baseAuthorityName="Ebert &amp; Gon" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[398,612,1992,2016]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="austini">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E155517FE71C0A4FDC40F9D" box="[398,612,1992,2016]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="284">Rhinobatos austini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has a distinctive pattern of paired spots with some forming darker transverse bands across its back, more nasal lamellae (61–63 
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E125510FC93C7F5FC2A08CD" box="[876,906,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="285">vs.</emphasis>
<quantity id="8F319B5F0E125510FC6AC7F4FC5D08CD" box="[917,1021,151,176]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2065" metricValueMax="1.2192" metricValueMin="1.1938" pageId="28" pageNumber="285" unit="in" value="47.5" valueMax="48.0" valueMin="47.0">47–48 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E125510FBF7C7F5FB1408D2" authorityName="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2019" box="[1032,1204,152,176]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ranongensis">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E125510FBF7C7F5FB1408D2" box="[1032,1204,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="285">R. ranongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and slightly more vertebral centra (193–198 
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E125510FE42C7D1FE7B08A9" box="[445,475,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="285">vs.</emphasis>
185–191 total segments). The head cartilages and chondrocranium differ significantly between the two species with 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E125510FE19C78DFD2E088A" authorityName="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2019" box="[486,654,224,248]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ranongensis">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E125510FE19C78DFD2E088A" box="[486,654,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="285">R. ranongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
having a much larger and more elongate rostral node, the cranial roof lacking a posterior fenestra, anterior cartilage more broadly sickle shaped, and stronger jaw cartilages.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="487636BA0E125510FF38C644FF5509D0" blockId="28.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="28" pageNumber="285">
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E125510FF38C644FE79093D" authorityName="Last, Compagno &amp; Nakaya" authorityYear="2004" box="[199,473,296,320]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudidorsalis">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E125510FF38C644FE79093D" box="[199,473,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="285">Rhinobatos nudidorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a poorly known guitarfish from the central Indian Ocean, is similar in body shape but can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E125510FE40C621FDC70919" authorityName="Last &amp; Séret &amp; Naylor" authorityYear="2019" box="[447,615,333,356]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ranongensis">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E125510FE40C621FDC70919" box="[447,615,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="285">R. ranongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its squamation; the tail and unpaired fins of 
<taxonomicName id="8FC94D390E125510FB89C621FA810919" authorityName="Last, Compagno &amp; Nakaya" authorityYear="2004" box="[1142,1313,332,356]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudidorsalis">
<emphasis id="7ABDEAA80E125510FB89C621FA810919" box="[1142,1313,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="285">R. nudidorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are almost entirely naked and there is a small, oval-shaped, denticle patch across a naked, upper caudal peduncle and caudalfin lobe.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>