284 lines
31 KiB
XML
284 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="A07E5822C21499A653B1627BAAE6831A" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0090(2000)255<0001:TSAGOT>2.0.CO;2" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12774565" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1721325710038" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="ROIG-JUÑENT, SERGIO" docDate="2000" docId="5B1D87D7FF86FFAD1CA84421FBB3FD29" docLanguage="en" docName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2000.B255.1-83.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2000 (1)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0090(2000)255%3C0001%3ATSAGOT%3E2.0.CO%3B2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:25EFC9A7B3A675566A5530656FFE3DF4.1:BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.chapters" docStyleId="25EFC9A7B3A675566A5530656FFE3DF4" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.chapters" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Rawlinsius Davidson and Ball 1998" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="A724FFAFFF94FFB91E1B4106FFCBFF80" masterDocTitle="The Subtribes And Genera Of The Tribe Broscini (Coleoptera: Carabidae): Cladistic Analysis, Taxonomic Treatment, And Biogeographical Considerations" masterLastPageNumber="90" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1721326802793" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="A81806194D6841AD1E250DC7B79BB606">The Subtribes And Genera Of The Tribe Broscini (Coleoptera: Carabidae): Cladistic Analysis, Taxonomic Treatment, And Biogeographical Considerations</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EC3156FA8D0417B45000051F8E352607">ROIG-JUÑENT, SERGIO</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="D8F4289E642DBC9A6267EC38E14A0429">2000</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0F87B71C6488ACA40207914CBE5CB7DB">2000-12-31</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="9BAE654AFF86FFAB1CA84421FBB3FABC" box="[691,1144,1319,1340]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D30B36C1FF86FFAB1CA84421FBB3FABC" blockId="18.[691,1144,1319,1340]" box="[691,1144,1319,1340]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<heading id="884381ADFF86FFAB1CA84421FBB3FABC" box="[691,1144,1319,1340]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="6">
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<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF86FFAB1CA84421FBBFFABC" ID-CoL="8KYPP" authority="Davidson and Ball, 1998: 361" authorityName="Davidson and Ball" authorityPageNumber="361" authorityYear="1998" box="[691,1140,1319,1340]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Rawlinsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF86FFAB1CA84421FCEDFABC" box="[691,806,1319,1340]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Rawlinsius</emphasis>
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Davidson and Ball, 1998: 361
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9BAE654AFF86FFAB1CCB4454FD3EFA24" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="D30B36C1FF86FFAB1CCB4454FD3EFA24" blockId="18.[691,1221,1362,1737]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<typeStatus id="0C0F8863FF86FFAB1CCB4454FCC1FAE8" box="[720,778,1362,1385]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">TYPE</typeStatus>
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</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="D5EDA01DFF86FFAB1D064454FCBFFAE8" baselines="1379,1379" box="[797,884,1362,1385]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Species" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">SPECIES</smallCapsWord>
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(by original designation):
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<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF86FFAB1CA84476FD3AFA24" authority="Davidson and Ball, 1998" authorityName="Davidson and Ball" authorityYear="1998" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Rawlinsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papillatus">
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<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF86FFAB1CA84476FC71FA07" box="[691,954,1392,1415]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Rawlinsius papillatus</emphasis>
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Davidson and Ball, 1998
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9BAE654AFF86FFAB1CCA44ACFB0FF9B6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="D30B36C1FF86FFAB1CCA44ACFB0FF9B6" blockId="18.[691,1221,1362,1737]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<smallCapsWord id="D5EDA01DFF86FFAB1CCA44ACFC9BFA40" baselines="1467,1467" box="[721,848,1450,1473]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Diagnosis" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">DIAGNOSIS</smallCapsWord>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF86FFAB1D7C44ACFC25FA41" box="[871,1006,1450,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Rawlinsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF86FFAB1D7C44ACFC25FA41" box="[871,1006,1450,1473]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Rawlinsius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished from all broscine genera because it lacks the dorsal standard fixed setae: clypeal, supraorbital, antennal scape, lateral pronotal, parascutellar, and lateral umbilical of the elytra.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9BAE654AFF86FFAD1CCB473BFD9BFCD9" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D30B36C1FF86FFAA1CCB473BFC58F92C" blockId="18.[691,1221,1362,1737]" lastBlockId="19.[695,1224,1567,1737]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<smallCapsWord id="D5EDA01DFF86FFAB1CCB473BFCABF9D3" baselines="1614,1614" box="[720,864,1597,1620]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
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(from Davidson and Ball, 1998): External morphology: Head without supraorbital seta. antenna with antennomeres 1–4 glabrous, with apical fixed setae on 4, 5–10 setose throughout. Mandibles without scrobal setae. Maxilla with eustipes with three setae laterally. Labium with submentum bisetose; tooth of mentum simple; prementum with glossal sclerite bisetose apically, ventral surface without longitudinal carina. Pronotum moderately constricted apically, without lateral seta. Elytron with parascutellar evident; parascutellar setae absent; lateral umbilical series without setae. Fore and middle tarsomeres of male without adhesive vestiture.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="87CB6649FF87FFAA1E8A444AFD6BFA66" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12774575" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12774575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12774575/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[145,193,1356,1377]" targetBox="[223,1120,188,1330]" targetPageId="19" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="D30B36C1FF87FFAA1E8A444AFD6BFA66" blockId="19.[119,1224,1356,1510]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Figs. 17–32.
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<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF87FFAA1F28444AFE4AFAE1" box="[307,385,1356,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Axonya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF87FFAA1F28444AFE4AFAE1" box="[307,385,1356,1377]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Axonya</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF87FFAA1FDB444AFDE6FAE1" authorityName="Bolivar y Pieltain" authorityYear="1914" box="[448,557,1356,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Broscodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF87FFAA1FDB444AFDE6FAE1" box="[448,557,1356,1377]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Broscodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. (
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<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF87FFAA1C53444AFD42FAE1" bold="true" box="[584,649,1356,1377]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">17–24</emphasis>
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)
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<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF87FFAA1C84444AFCACFAE1" box="[671,871,1356,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Axonya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="championi">
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<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF87FFAA1C84444AFCACFAE1" box="[671,871,1356,1377]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Axonya championi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: (
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<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF87FFAA1D9F444AFC55FAE1" bold="true" box="[900,926,1356,1377]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">17</emphasis>
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) head and prothorax; (
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<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF87FFAA1ABF444AFB75FAE1" bold="true" box="[1188,1214,1356,1377]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">18</emphasis>
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) mouthparts, ventral view; (
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<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF87FFAA1F844460FE72FAFB" bold="true" box="[415,441,1382,1403]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">19</emphasis>
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) sternum 9; (
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<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF87FFAA1C484460FDA6FAFB" bold="true" box="[595,621,1382,1403]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">20</emphasis>
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) left paramere; (
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<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF87FFAA1D324460FC88FAFB" bold="true" box="[809,835,1382,1403]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">21</emphasis>
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) right paramere; (
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<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF87FFAA1A154460FBE3FAFB" bold="true" box="[1038,1064,1382,1403]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">22</emphasis>
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) median lobe; (
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<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF87FFAA1E9B4487FF51FA16" bold="true" box="[128,154,1409,1430]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">23</emphasis>
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) base of median lobe, dorsal view; (
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<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF87FFAA1C294487FD87FA16" bold="true" box="[562,588,1409,1430]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">24</emphasis>
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) sclerite X, dorsal view. (
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<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF87FFAA1D754487FC64FA16" bold="true" box="[878,943,1409,1430]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">25–32</emphasis>
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)
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<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF87FFAA1DD94487FB0BFA16" box="[962,1216,1409,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Broscodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="karunamicus">
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<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF87FFAA1DD94487FB0BFA16" box="[962,1216,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Broscodes karunamicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: (
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<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF87FFAA1E9B449AFF51FA31" bold="true" box="[128,154,1436,1457]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">25</emphasis>
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) head and prothorax; (
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<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF87FFAA1F86449AFE7CFA31" bold="true" box="[413,439,1436,1457]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">26</emphasis>
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) mouthparts, ventral view; (
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<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF87FFAA1CEF449AFCC5FA31" bold="true" box="[756,782,1436,1457]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">27</emphasis>
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) median lobe with right paramere; (
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<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF87FFAA1ABE449AFB74FA31" bold="true" box="[1189,1215,1436,1457]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">28</emphasis>
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) median lobe, (
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<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF87FFAA1F0D44B0FEFBFA4B" bold="true" box="[278,304,1462,1483]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">29</emphasis>
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) base of median lobe, dorsal view; (
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<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF87FFAA1CD044B0FD2EFA4B" bold="true" box="[715,741,1462,1483]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">30</emphasis>
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), sclerite X, lateral view; (
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<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF87FFAA1A0F44B0FBE5FA4B" bold="true" box="[1044,1070,1462,1483]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">31</emphasis>
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) lateral view; (
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<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF87FFAA1E9B44D7FF51FA66" bold="true" box="[128,154,1489,1510]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">32</emphasis>
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) dorsal view. See appendix 2 for abbreviations.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="D30B36C1FF87FFAD1CCF47B4FEA2FEE6" blockId="19.[695,1224,1567,1737]" lastBlockId="20.[115,644,189,798]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Male genitalia: Median lobe with dorsal surface unsclerotized and basal orifice open dorsally. Internal sac with sclerite X thin, without lateral expansions and constriction; apical plate without tooth, with spiculae only. Left and right parameres setiferous apically, along inner margins.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D30B36C1FF80FFAD1E8B406BFEC6FE79" blockId="20.[115,644,189,798]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Female genital tract: Ramus present. Nematiform setae of subapical setose organ present. Spermatheca with helminthoid sclerite broad and short; accessory gland near the spermatheca.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D30B36C1FF80FFAD1E8B40F9FEC9FDD1" blockId="20.[115,644,189,798]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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||
<smallCapsWord id="D5EDA01DFF80FFAD1E8B40F9FF20FD96" baselines="528,529" box="[144,235,511,534]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Larvae" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">LARVAE</smallCapsWord>
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: The larval characters of
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<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF80FFAD1C314306FF77FDB4" authorityName="Davidson and Ball" authorityYear="1998" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Rawlinsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papillatus">
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<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF80FFAD1C314306FDF7FD97" box="[554,572,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF80FFAD1C554306FF77FDB4" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">papillatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are discussed briefly by Davidson and Ball (1998).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D30B36C1FF80FFAD1E8B4351FEA0FD46" blockId="20.[115,644,189,798]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<smallCapsWord id="D5EDA01DFF80FFAD1E8B4351FF38FDEE" baselines="616,617" box="[144,243,599,622]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Habitat" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">HABITAT</smallCapsWord>
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: Adults of this species live in the overflow of small stream. Davidson and Ball (1998) provided a complete description of habitat and behavior.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D30B36C1FF80FFAD1E8B43CBFE12FC9E" blockId="20.[115,644,189,798]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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||
<smallCapsWord id="D5EDA01DFF80FFAD1E8B43CBFEF7FD63" baselines="734,734" box="[144,316,717,740]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Geographical" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">GEOGRAPHICAL</smallCapsWord>
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||
<smallCapsWord id="D5EDA01DFF80FFAD1F5643CBFE23FD63" baselines="734,734" box="[333,488,717,740]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Distribution" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
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: The single species of
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<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF80FFAD1EED43ECFEBDFC81" box="[246,374,746,769]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Rawlinsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF80FFAD1EED43ECFEBDFC81" box="[246,374,746,769]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Rawlinsius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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is Neotropical, occurring in Sierra Madre,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ABA37651FF80FFAD1F624201FE1DFC9E" box="[377,470,775,798]" name="Mexico" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D30B36C1FF80FFAD1EBD4242FD9BFCD9" blockId="20.[166,592,836,857]" box="[166,592,836,857]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF80FFAD1EBD4242FE76FCD9" authority="HOPE, 1838" authorityName="HOPE" authorityYear="1838" box="[166,445,836,857]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Broscina">BROSCINA HOPE, 1838</taxonomicName>
|
||
, new concept
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9BAE654AFF80FFAD1E8B427BFDF2FC14" box="[144,569,893,916]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="D30B36C1FF80FFAD1E8B427BFDF2FC14" blockId="20.[115,645,893,1737]" box="[144,569,893,916]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="D5EDA01DFF80FFAD1E8B427BFF01FC13" baselines="910,910" box="[144,202,893,916]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Type" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<typeStatus id="0C0F8863FF80FFAD1E8B427BFF01FC13" box="[144,202,893,916]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">TYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="D5EDA01DFF80FFAD1ECF427BFEEAFC13" baselines="910,910" box="[212,289,893,916]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Genus" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">GENUS</smallCapsWord>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF80FFAD1F28427BFDFEFC14" authority="Panzer, 1813" authorityName="Panzer" authorityYear="1813" box="[307,565,893,916]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Broscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF80FFAD1F28427BFE5AFC14" box="[307,401,893,916]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Broscus</emphasis>
|
||
Panzer, 1813
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9BAE654AFF80FFAD1E8B429CFBB3FD29" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="D30B36C1FF80FFAD1E8B429CFEBDFBC4" blockId="20.[115,645,893,1737]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="D5EDA01DFF80FFAD1E8B429CFEC3FC30" baselines="939,939" box="[144,264,922,945]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Diagnosis" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">DIAGNOSIS</smallCapsWord>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1170F823FF80FFAD1F06429CFE4BFC31" box="[285,384,922,945]" country="Myanmar" name="Chin" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Mentum</collectingRegion>
|
||
tooth simple, glossal sclerite with two setae; basal orifice of median lobe partially closed dorsally; right and left parameres setiferous; sclerite X broad, with upturned apical projections; spermatheca with basal sclerite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D30B36C1FF80FFAD1E8B454CFC7EFEC9" blockId="20.[115,645,893,1737]" lastBlockId="20.[691,1220,189,681]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="D5EDA01DFF80FFAD1E8B454CFECBFBE0" baselines="1115,1115" box="[144,256,1098,1121]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Included" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">INCLUDED</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="D5EDA01DFF80FFAD1F16454CFE86FBE0" baselines="1115,1115" box="[269,333,1098,1121]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Taxa" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">TAXA</smallCapsWord>
|
||
: This subtribe was characterized by Jeannel (1941) for the genera
|
||
<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF80FFAD1E684583FE46FB1C" box="[115,397,1157,1180]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF80FFAD1E684583FF18FB1C" authorityName="Panzer" authorityYear="1813" box="[115,211,1157,1180]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Broscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Broscus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF80FFAD1EC44583FE46FB1C" authorityName="Semenov" authorityYear="1899" box="[223,397,1157,1180]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Chaetobroscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chaetobroscus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF80FFAD1F874583FD87FB1C" authorityName="Schauman" authorityYear="1863" box="[412,588,1157,1180]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF80FFAD1F874583FD87FB1C" box="[412,588,1157,1180]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Craspedonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF80FFAD1E6845A4FF01FB39" box="[115,202,1186,1209]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Axonya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF80FFAD1E6845A4FF01FB39" box="[115,202,1186,1209]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Axonya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(table 3). Ball (1956) added the austral genera that have sclerites X and Y (table 3), recognizing three monophyletic groups within the subtribe. The cladistic analysis (fig. 15) presented herein shows that each of these three groups is monophyletic, and each is considered as a different subtribe:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF80FFAD1C354454FF5AFA06" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Broscina">Broscina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF80FFAD1EBA4469FEDCFA06" authorityName="ROIG-JUÑENT" authorityYear="2000" box="[161,279,1391,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Axonyina">Axonyina</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF80FFAD1F474469FDC0FA06" authorityName="ROIG-JUÑENT" authorityYear="2000" box="[348,523,1391,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Nothobroscina">Nothobroscina</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The subtribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF80FFAD1EA8448BFED1FA24" box="[179,282,1421,1444]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Broscina">Broscina</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the second clade (figs. 14– 16) and contains the Holarctic genera that have sclerite X with upturned projections. This new concept coincides with Ball’s (1956) concept in including the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF80FFAD1C554704FF0FF9B7" authorityName="Eschscholtz" authorityYear="1830" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Miscodera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF80FFAD1C554704FF0FF9B7" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Miscodera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF80FFAD1F134726FE5BF9B7" authorityName="Lindroth" authorityYear="1961" box="[264,400,1568,1591]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Broscodera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF80FFAD1F134726FE5BF9B7" box="[264,400,1568,1591]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Broscodera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but differs from it (table 3) in excluding all the austral genera, as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF80FFAD1EE2475CFE9BF9F1" box="[249,336,1626,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Axonya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF80FFAD1EE2475CFE9BF9F1" box="[249,336,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Axonya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF80FFAD1F89475CFDC0F9F1" authorityName="Bolivar y Pieltain" authorityYear="1914" box="[402,523,1626,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Broscodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF80FFAD1F89475CFDC0F9F1" box="[402,523,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Broscodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(table 4).
|
||
<figureCitation id="4B8F2A44FF80FFAD1E684771FF2CF90E" box="[115,231,1655,1678]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[429,467,1628,1649]" captionTargetBox="[242,1103,185,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-14@13.[237,1107,182,1606]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 16. Bremer support of Broscini clades." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12774573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12774573/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figure 16</figureCitation>
|
||
shows that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF80FFAD1F674771FE28F90E" box="[380,483,1655,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Broscina">Broscina</taxonomicName>
|
||
genera share two exclusive derived features: upturned apical projections on the sclerite X (
|
||
<superScript id="24C19B89FF80FFAD1C0047B4FD89F93F" attach="none" box="[539,578,1713,1737]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">593</superScript>
|
||
) and accessory gland of bursa copulatrix with Ushaped basal sclerite (
|
||
<superScript id="24C19B89FF80FFAD1DA441DCFC2DFF67" attach="none" box="[959,998,217,241]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">711</superScript>
|
||
). Within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF80FFAD1A4741DCFB08FF71" box="[1116,1219,218,241]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Broscina">Broscina</taxonomicName>
|
||
there are two main clades, one formed by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF80FFAD1CA84013FCA8FEAC" authorityName="Schauman" authorityYear="1863" box="[691,867,277,300]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF80FFAD1CA84013FCA8FEAC" box="[691,867,277,300]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Craspedonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF80FFAD1D874013FC31FEAC" authorityName="Panzer" authorityYear="1813" box="[924,1018,277,300]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Broscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF80FFAD1D874013FC31FEAC" box="[924,1018,277,300]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Broscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the other by the remaining genera.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D30B36C1FF80FFAD1CCB4049FC11FD96" blockId="20.[691,1220,189,681]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
The subtribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF80FFAD1D684049FC11FEE6" box="[883,986,335,358]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Broscina">Broscina</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes nine genera (table 4) and 52 species. Four of these genera are monospecific. It was not possible to study the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF80FFAD1DBB40AEFB9EFE3F" box="[928,1109,424,447]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tosawabroscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF80FFAD1DBB40AEFB9EFE3F" box="[928,1109,424,447]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Tosawabroscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because the reference to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF80FFAD1D8C40C3FCFCFE79" authority="Ueno 1953" authorityName="Ueno" authorityYear="1953" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tosawabroscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF80FFAD1D8C40C3FB08FE5C" box="[919,1219,453,476]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Tosawabroscus amabilis</emphasis>
|
||
Uéno 1953
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, cited by Morita (1990) as nomen nudum, was unavailable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D30B36C1FF80FFAD1CCB431BFBB3FD29" blockId="20.[691,1220,189,681]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Most species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF80FFAD1D80431BFBC9FDB4" box="[923,1026,541,564]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Broscina">Broscina</taxonomicName>
|
||
are confined to the Holarctic region and inhabit alpine or grassland habitats. However, the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF80FFAD1CA84373FCF0FD0C" authorityName="Lindroth" authorityYear="1961" box="[691,827,629,652]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Broscodera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF80FFAD1CA84373FCF0FD0C" box="[691,827,629,652]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Broscodera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14B44D42FF80FFAD1D6E4373FC1AFD0C" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1869" box="[885,977,629,652]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zacotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E1C0EAD3FF80FFAD1D6E4373FC1AFD0C" box="[885,977,629,652]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Zacotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(both monospecific) occur in coastal forest at low altitude.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |