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<mods:title id="FE9929568EDFE803C3DD1E76744DC65C">The reclassification of Sophiodela and other tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) based on the structure of the everted internal sac of the male genitalia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="54D93F8CBE669D6E64249BA633C93863">Fukuda, Yuki</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B72400B8B738C08F919DF695E36B3051">Kurayoshi, 111 - 8, Kamogawa-town, Tottori, 682 - 0923 Japan E-mail: yuki 03 go 3 @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="1D1C8783DF738E0F698630C68DBEF941" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4337439" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167293597" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4337439" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D1C8783DF738E0F698630C68DBEF941" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1D1C8783DF738E0F698630C68DBEF941" lastPageNumber="294" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">
<subSubSection id="DDAF651EDF738E0F698630C68B41FB6E" box="[151,537,1157,1183]" pageId="23" pageNumber="294" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="950A3695DF738E0F698630C68B41FB6E" blockId="23.[151,537,1157,1219]" box="[151,537,1157,1183]" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">
<heading id="CE4281F9DF738E0F698630C68B41FB6E" box="[151,537,1157,1183]" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">
<taxonomicName id="52B54D16DF738E0F698630C68B41FB6E" ID-CoL="697DR" authority="Hope, 1838" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1838" box="[151,537,1157,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Calochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whithillii">
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF738E0F698630C688DDFB6E" box="[151,389,1157,1183]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">Calochroa whithillii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F1244B64DF738E0F689D30C68B41FB6E" author="Hope, F. W." box="[396,537,1157,1183]" pageId="23" pageNumber="294" refId="ref18515" refString="Hope, F. W. (1838) The coleopterist's manual, part the second, containing predaceous land and water beetles of Linnaeus and Fabricius. Bohn, London, 168 pp." type="book" year="1838">
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF738E0F689D30C68B41FB6E" bold="true" box="[396,537,1157,1183]" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">Hope, 1838</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="DDAF651EDF738E0F698630EA8818FB32" box="[151,320,1193,1219]" pageId="23" pageNumber="294" type="description">
<paragraph id="950A3695DF738E0F698630EA8818FB32" blockId="23.[151,537,1157,1219]" box="[151,320,1193,1219]" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">
(
<figureCitation id="0D8E2A10DF738E0F698E30EA89A4FB32" box="[159,252,1193,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1872,1897]" captionTargetBox="[152,1418,183,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1435,175,1854]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Habitus of Calochroa. A, Calochroa bicolor bicolor (Fabricius); B, Calochroa flavomaculata flavomaculata (Hope); C, Calochroa harmandi (Fleutiaux); D, Calochroa whithillii Hope; EF, Calochroa pseudosiamensis (Horn); G, Calochroa assamensis (Parry); H, Calochroa lacrymans (Schaum)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3998540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3998540/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">Figs 6D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0D8E2A10DF738E0F681930EA8860FB32" box="[264,312,1193,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1435,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 10. Everted internal sacs of Calochroa and Cylindera. A, Calochroa harmandi (Fleutiaux); B, C. whithillii Hope; C, C. schillhammeri Wiesner; D, C. lacrymans (Schaum); E, Cylindera (Eugrapha) elisae elisae (Motschulsky). Scales: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3998548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3998548/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">10B</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="DDAF651EDF738E0F698630AE8C17FA61" pageId="23" pageNumber="294" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="950A3695DF738E0F698630AE8A68FAD5" blockId="23.[151,816,1261,1352]" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">
<taxonomicName id="52B54D16DF738E0F698630AE8B5CFAF4" ID-CoL="697DR" authority="Hope, 1838: 23" authorityName="Hope" authorityPageNumber="23" authorityYear="1838" box="[151,516,1261,1285]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Calochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whithillii">
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF738E0F698630AE883DFAF4" box="[151,357,1261,1285]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">Calochroa whithillii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F1244B64DF738E0F687A30AD8B5CFAF4" author="Hope, F. W." box="[363,516,1261,1285]" pageId="23" pageNumber="294" refId="ref18515" refString="Hope, F. W. (1838) The coleopterist's manual, part the second, containing predaceous land and water beetles of Linnaeus and Fabricius. Bohn, London, 168 pp." type="book" year="1838">Hope, 1838:23</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="52B54D16DF738E0F6986314F8A74FAD5" ID-CoL="V87B" authority=": Acciavatti &amp; Pearson 1989: 120" authorityName="Acciavatti &amp; Pearson" authorityPageNumber="120" authorityYear="1989" box="[151,812,1291,1316]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cicindela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whithillii" subGenus="Calochroa">
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF738E0F6986314F89A2FAD5" box="[151,250,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">Cicindela</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF738E0F6819314F882BFAD5" box="[264,371,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">Calochroa</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF738E0F6892314F8886FAD5" box="[387,478,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">whithillii</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="F1244B64DF738E0F68FB31488A74FAD5" author="Acciavatti, R. E. &amp; Pearson, D. L." box="[490,812,1291,1316]" pageId="23" pageNumber="294" pagination="77 - 353" refId="ref17273" refString="Acciavatti, R. E. &amp; Pearson, D. L. (1989) The tiger beetle Genus Cicindela (Coleoptera, Insecta) from the indian subcontinent. Annals of Carnegie Museum, 58, 77 - 353." type="journal article" year="1989">Acciavatti &amp; Pearson 1989:120</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="950A3695DF738E0F698631738B6AFAB9" blockId="23.[151,816,1261,1352]" box="[151,562,1327,1352]" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">
<taxonomicName id="52B54D16DF738E0F698631738B76FAB9" ID-CoL="697DR" authority=": Wiesner 1992: 106" authorityName="Wiesner" authorityPageNumber="106" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,558,1327,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Calochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whithillii">
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF738E0F69863173883CFAB9" box="[151,356,1328,1352]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">Calochroa whithillii</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="F1244B64DF738E0F6860316C8B76FAB9" author="Wiesner, J." box="[369,558,1327,1352]" pageId="23" pageNumber="294" refId="ref20965" refString="Wiesner, J. (1992) Checklist of the Tiger Beetles of the World. Verlag Erna Bauer, Keltern, 364 pp." type="book" year="1992">Wiesner 1992:106</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="950A3695DF738E0F698631368C17FA61" blockId="23.[151,1437,1397,1712]" box="[151,1359,1397,1425]" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF738E0F6986313688CEFA61" bold="true" box="[151,406,1397,1424]" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">
<collectingRegion id="5771F877DF738E0F69863136884DFA61" box="[151,277,1397,1424]" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">Specimens</collectingRegion>
examined.
</emphasis>
(N = 1)
<materialsCitation id="25DD3CC8DF738E0F68E631368C13FA61" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2848419321" box="[503,1355,1397,1425]" collectingDate="1976-05" country="India" location="South" pageId="23" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="South">
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF738E0F68E631368BCFFA61" bold="true" box="[503,663,1397,1424]" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">
[
<collectingRegion id="5771F877DF738E0F68EF31368B1EFA61" box="[510,582,1397,1424]" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">South</collectingRegion>
<collectingCountry id="EDA27605DF738E0F6B5C31368BD7FA61" box="[589,655,1397,1424]" name="India" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">India</collectingCountry>
]
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="83B3FD1CDF738E0F6B8C31358B98FA61" box="[669,704,1398,1424]" pageId="23" pageNumber="294" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F3A4AE50DF738E0F6BDE31358A54FA61" box="[719,780,1398,1424]" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">MHJ</collectionCode>
), Anamalai Hills, Cinghona,
<date id="E10B1055DF738E0F6D4031348DF3FA61" box="[1105,1195,1398,1425]" pageId="23" pageNumber="294" value="1976-05">
<collectingDate id="F14FE9BDDF738E0F6D4031348DF3FA61" box="[1105,1195,1398,1425]" pageId="23" pageNumber="294" value="1976-05">V. 1976</collectingDate>
</date>
, unknown leg
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DDAF651EDF738E0F69D631D88DBEF941" pageId="23" pageNumber="294" type="description">
<paragraph id="950A3695DF738E0F69D631D88A4BFA29" blockId="23.[151,1437,1397,1712]" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF738E0F69D631D88813FA45" box="[199,331,1435,1460]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">Description</emphasis>
. Internal sac everted dorso-apically in lateral view. DA largest in bladders; VA same as large as VB; VLR and DLL slightly swollen; B and BLR not swollen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="950A3695DF738E0F69D631A18CD9F999" blockId="23.[151,1437,1397,1712]" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">VA roundly everted ventro-apically, vested with short spines. VLR roundly swollen dorsally, vested numerously with short and weakly chitinous spines. DA swollen dorso-basally. DLL roundly swollen, vested with fine spines. VB widely and oval everted left latero-ventrally, vested numerously with long spines, which are forming a band. Flagellum very long, curved and formed S-shaped. Medial tooth short, flattened and tapered, extending apically.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="950A3695DF738E0F69D632318DBEF941" blockId="23.[151,1437,1397,1712]" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF738E0F69D632318869F97D" box="[199,305,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species shares the characteristics of the position of each bladder with
<taxonomicName id="52B54D16DF738E0F6D9432318C29F97D" authorityName=": Rivalier" authorityYear="1961" box="[1157,1393,1650,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Calochroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harmandi">
<emphasis id="A7C1EA87DF738E0F6D9432318C29F97D" box="[1157,1393,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="294">Calochroa harmandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but is distinguished by the following characteristics: VA everted ventro-apically; medial tooth tapered.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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