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<mods:title id="3D68E924B14D51D794B5982F0AC1D31F">Review of the Pareques acuminatus (Bloch &amp; Schneider, 1801) species complex with revalidation of Pareques lineatus (Cuvier, 1830) from the Western Atlantic (Percomorphacea: Sciaenidae)</mods:title>
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and 
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SL), 
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171937 (
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SL), 
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; 
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<collectionCode id="1AD5AE63364997527D18F8BAB83D2977" box="[1309,1345,1793,1819]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
218870 (4, 
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SL), 
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<collectorName id="D1315370364997527BABF89EBE962953" box="[942,1002,1829,1855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Keys</collectorName>
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<quantity id="BB3C9B43364997527BF0F89FB9362952" box="[1013,1098,1828,1854]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3108352" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" unit="mi" value="0.33">0.33 mi</quantity>
SSW of Alligator Lighthouse
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, shallow ledge of reef; 
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218787 (2, 118– 
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SL), 
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248271 (1, 
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SL), 
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<collectingCountry id="04D37636364997527CFBF8D7B84529EA" box="[1278,1337,1900,1926]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">USA</collectingCountry>
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<collectingRegion id="BE00F844364997527892F82BBD9429C6" box="[151,232,1936,1962]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Florida</collectingRegion>
<collectorName id="D13153703649975278EBF82ABC5629C7" box="[238,298,1937,1963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Keys</collectorName>
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<quantity id="BB3C9B43364997527931F82BBCF529C6" box="[308,393,1936,1963]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.02336" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" unit="mi" value="0.25">0.25 mi</quantity>
offshore from 
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; 
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<collectionCode id="1AD5AE63364997527AA0F82ABFB529C7" box="[677,713,1937,1963]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
159940 (1, 
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SL), 
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<collectingCountry id="04D37636364997527D05F82BB8E029C6" box="[1280,1436,1936,1962]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
(USA), 
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, north shore of 
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; 
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<collectionCode id="1AD5AE63364997527BB0F80EBEA529A3" box="[949,985,1973,1999]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
140955 (2, 
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SL), 
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, 
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<collectorName id="D13153703649975279ACF863BF3B299E" box="[425,583,2008,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Cay Sal Bank</collectorName>
, 
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(2, 
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SL), 
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<collectingCountry id="04D37636364E975579FBFF2CBF122EDD" box="[510,622,151,177]" name="Honduras" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Honduras</collectingCountry>
, shrimp grounds off 
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, inside main reef
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; 
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<collectingCountry id="04D37636364E97557D22FF2CB8E42EDD" box="[1319,1432,151,177]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, Isla 
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; 
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<specimenCode id="2C629EDD364E9755795AFF00BC942EB9" box="[351,488,186,213]" collectionCode="UVTP" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">UVTP 2557</specimenCode>
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; 
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, Isla 
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; 
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<collectionCode id="1AD5AE63364E97557C92FF00B9C72EB9" box="[1175,1211,187,213]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
214068 (2, 
<quantity id="BB3C9B43364E97557D4DFF01BDBF2E95" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.35" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" unit="mm" value="115.0" valueMax="135.0" valueMin="95.0">95–135 mm</quantity>
SL), 
<geoCoordinate id="19F05061364E97557906FF65BCF62E95" box="[259,394,222,249]" degrees="11.9463050" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" precision="1" value="11.946305">11.9463050</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="19F05061364E97557993FF65BF5B2E95" box="[406,551,222,249]" degrees="66.6785970" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" precision="1" value="-66.6786">-66.6785970</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingCountry id="04D37636364E97557A37FF64BFD42E95" box="[562,680,223,249]" name="Venezuela" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="9C1FACDC364E97557AB1FF64BEE82E95" box="[692,916,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Los Roques Islands</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="791B607D364E97557BA5FF64B9082E95" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F46D87B0364997597892F9BFBE872D79:791B607D364E97557BA5FF64B9082E95" box="[928,1140,223,249]" country="Venezuela" latitude="11.946305" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-66.6786" municipality="Los Roques Islands" name="Gran Roque Island" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Gran Roque Island</location>
(
<collectorName id="D1315370364E97557C81FF64B98F2E95" box="[1156,1267,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">El Roque</collectorName>
), S side of SW corner at pinnacle, labeled as 
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364E975579E1FEB8BFF62F71" box="[484,650,259,285]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Equetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="horsti">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364E975579E1FEB8BFF62F71" box="[484,650,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Equetus horsti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364E97557A8FFEB8BFF22F71" box="[650,654,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="34DE652D364E975578C2FE9DB9052927" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7C7B36A6364E975578C2FE9DBC872CE9" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364E975578C2FE9DBC462F2C" bold="true" box="[199,314,294,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364E9755794FFE9CBF402F2C" baseAuthorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[330,572,295,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364E9755794FFE9CBF402F2C" box="[330,572,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Pareques acuminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from its congeners in the western Atlantic as follows: from 
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364E97557892FEF0BC712F09" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[151,269,331,357]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364E97557892FEF0BC712F09" box="[151,269,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">P. lineatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having 44–49 lateral line pored scales (vs. 50–55, excluding specimens from 
<collectingCountry id="04D37636364E97557CA1FEF0B86A2F09" box="[1188,1302,331,357]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Colombia</collectingCountry>
; 
<tableCitation id="3146031D364E97557D27FEF0B80B2F09" box="[1314,1399,331,357]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="6.[152,244,1673,1697]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 3. Lateral-line scales of adult Pareques acuminatus and P. lineatus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/28BB662E364C9757789DF932BEBB28CD" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" tableUuid="28BB662E364C9757789DF932BEBB28CD">Table 3</tableCitation>
), 6 scales above lateral line (vs. 8–9; 
<tableCitation id="3146031D364E97557A13FED4BF172FE5" box="[534,619,367,393]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[152,244,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[166,1403,192,1624]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometric and meristic data of adult Pareques acuminatus and P. lineatus. Pareques acuminatus Pareques lineatus" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/28BB662E364C9757789DFF2CB9272EC3" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" tableUuid="28BB662E364C9757789DFF2CB9272EC3">Table 2</tableCitation>
) and 8 scales below (vs. 9–10; 
<tableCitation id="3146031D364E97557BD5FED4B95A2FE5" box="[976,1062,367,393]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[152,244,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[166,1403,192,1624]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometric and meristic data of adult Pareques acuminatus and P. lineatus. Pareques acuminatus Pareques lineatus" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/28BB662E364C9757789DFF2CB9272EC3" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" tableUuid="28BB662E364C9757789DFF2CB9272EC3">Table 2</tableCitation>
), 8 straight white stripes, usually wider than black stripes on sides (vs. not more than 7 irregular, not straight and narrower white stripes; 
<figureCitation id="E4FF2A23364E97557D1EFE28B8222FC1" box="[1307,1374,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,309,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-84@5.[156,1431,309,1849]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Color patterns of Pareques acuminatus (left column) and P. lineatus (right column). A, B: recently recruited individuals; C, D: juveniles, about 10–35 mm SL; E, F: immatures, about 35–80 mm SL; G, H: adults. Images A, C, E, and G, Carlos and Allison Estape, Florida, USA; B, Alfredo Carvalho-Filho, Praia do Forte, Bahia, Brazil; D and H: Carlos E.L. Ferreira, Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; F: Athila Bertoncini, Taipus de Fora, Bahia, Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7223673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7223673/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), and presence of submarginal white stripe on soft dorsal fin (vs. absence of whitish submarginal stripe); from 
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364E97557D1FFE0CB8E02FBC" authorityName="Miller &amp; Woods" authorityYear="1988" box="[1306,1436,439,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iwamotoi">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364E97557D1FFE0CB8E02FBC" box="[1306,1436,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">P. iwamotoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by absence of dark bar between eyes (vs. presence of dark bar between eyes), body with 3–5 broad dark horizontal stripes and narrow stripes in between those (vs. one dark stripe from midbody to caudal-fin base), and absence of wide transverse dark bar from dorsal-fin origin almost to pelvic-fin base (vs. presence of this bar); from 
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364E97557D0AFD98B8E92C51" baseAuthorityName="Jordan &amp; Eigenmann" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1295,1429,547,573]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="umbrosus">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364E97557D0AFD98B8E92C51" box="[1295,1429,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">P. umbrosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, by having chin with 5 pores (vs. 6 pores), and sides coloration, black to dark brown with broad white stripes (vs. brownish with thin black lines).
</paragraph>
<caption id="28BB662E364E9755789DFB48BC602B3F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7223671" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7223671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7223671/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" startId="4.[152,255,1267,1291]" targetBox="[159,1429,669,1244]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="7C7B36A6364E9755789DFB48BC602B3F" blockId="4.[151,1436,1267,1363]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364E9755789DFB48BC642B67" bold="true" box="[152,280,1267,1291]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364E9755791AFB4FBC852B67" baseAuthorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[287,505,1268,1291]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364E9755791AFB4FBC852B67" box="[287,505,1268,1291]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Pareques acuminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A, B) and 
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364E97557A74FB4FBE5A2B67" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[625,806,1267,1291]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364E97557A74FB4FBE5A2B67" box="[625,806,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Pareques lineatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(C, D), body in lateral view. (A) illustration, reproduced from 
<bibRefCitation id="18554B57364E97557892FAACBC732B43" author="Seba, A." box="[151,271,1303,1327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" refId="ref13896" refString="Seba, A. (1759) Locupletissimi rerum naturalium thesauri accurata descriptio et iconibus artificiosissimis expressio per universam physices historiam. Vol. III. Janssonio-Waesbergios, Amstelaedami [Amsterdam], 212 pp., 116 pls." type="book" year="1759">Seba (1759</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 26, fig. 33); (B) neotype, UF 210054, Florida, USA; (C) syntype, MNHN 7475, Brazil; (D) syntype, MNHN 0043, Brazil.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7C7B36A6364E975578C2FA39BE9028F4" blockId="4.[151,1437,1409,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364E975578C2FA39BCC62BF7" baseAuthorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[199,442,1410,1435]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364E975578C2FA39BCC62BF7" box="[199,442,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Pareques acuminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can also be distinguished from its congeners from the eastern Pacific as follows: from 
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364E97557892FA1DBC3E2BD3" baseAuthorityName="Kendall &amp; Radcliffe" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[151,322,1445,1471]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscovittatus">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364E97557892FA1DBC3E2BD3" box="[151,322,1445,1471]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">P. fuscovittatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by first dorsal fin without yellow rear edge (vs. with yellow rear edge) and 9–10 dorsal-fin spines (vs. 12); from 
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364E9755793FFA71BCD32B8F" baseAuthorityName="Barton" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[314,431,1481,1507]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanfeari">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364E9755793FFA71BCD32B8F" box="[314,431,1481,1507]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">P. lanfeari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, by head with horizontal dark stripes (vs. without dark horizontal stripes), body with 3–5 broad dark horizontal stripes and narrow stripes between those (vs. body with 4 thin black horizontal stripes), iris brown (vs. iris yellow-brown), and 44–49 scales at lateral line (vs. 52–59); from 
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364E97557C20F9A9B9EE2847" baseAuthorityName="Heller &amp; Snodgrass" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[1061,1170,1554,1579]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perissa">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364E97557C20F9A9B9EE2847" box="[1061,1170,1554,1579]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">P. perissa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having 9–11 dorsalfin spines (vs. 12), 36–40 dorsal-fin soft rays (vs. 32–33), seven anal-fin soft rays (vs. 8) and 44–49 scales in lateral line (vs. 50–53); from 
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364E97557992F9E1BCD0281F" box="[407,428,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">P.</emphasis>
sp. A by having 12–17 gill rakers on first arch (vs. 19–23) and 36–40 dorsal-fin soft rays (vs. 42–45); from 
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364E97557966F9C5BCCA28FB" baseAuthorityName="Gilbert in Jordan &amp; Evermann" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[355,438,1661,1687]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viola">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364E97557966F9C5BCCA28FB" box="[355,438,1661,1687]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">P. viola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having 44–49 scales in lateral line (vs. 50–56).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7B36A6364E975578C2F91AB9052927" blockId="4.[151,1437,1409,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364E975578C2F91ABCC628D7" bold="true" box="[199,442,1697,1723]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Molecular diagnosis</emphasis>
: The DNA barcode of 
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364E97557ACEF919BEC328D7" baseAuthorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[715,959,1698,1723]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364E97557ACEF919BEC328D7" box="[715,959,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Pareques acuminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows that the specimens analyzed form a distinct, strongly supported cluster, with a bootstrap value of 90% (
<figureCitation id="E4FF2A23364E97557BA8F97EBE8E28B3" box="[941,1010,1733,1759]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[526,1065,188,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-22@10.[518,1069,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Molecular phylogeny constructed by maximum likelihood method based on K2P+G distance with partial sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. The tree with the highest log likelihood (ln L = -2351.51) is shown. Numbers on each branch indicate bootstrap values; values below 50% are not shown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7223675" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7223675/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), with genetic distances between this species and all the congeners analyzed ranging from 6.2% to 14.8% (
<tableCitation id="3146031D364E97557BB5F952B976296F" box="[944,1034,1769,1795]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="13.[152,244,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 4. K2P genetic distance obtained among the Pareques species. Interspecific distance below diagonal and standard error above diagonal. Intraspecific distance and standard error obtained for each species in the main diagonal; n/c=not computed." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/28BB662E3647975C789DFF2CBC742E9B" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" tableUuid="28BB662E3647975C789DFF2CBC742E9B">Table 4</tableCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364E97557C25F951B86F296F" baseAuthorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[1056,1299,1770,1795]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364E97557C25F951B86F296F" box="[1056,1299,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Pareques acuminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presents 29 positions in COI with different nucleotides when compared directly with 
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364E97557BC7F8B5B949294B" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[962,1077,1805,1831]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364E97557BC7F8B5B949294B" box="[962,1077,1805,1831]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">P. lineatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="3146031D364E97557C47F8B6B9E42944" box="[1090,1176,1805,1832]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="13.[152,244,731,755]" captionTargetBox="[166,1419,771,1037]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 5. Positions in the COI gene that differ between each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/28BB662E3647975C789DFD60BEF62C9F" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" tableUuid="28BB662E3647975C789DFD60BEF62C9F">Table 5</tableCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364E97557CA9F8B5B8E0294B" baseAuthorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[1196,1436,1806,1831]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364E97557CA9F8B5B8E0294B" box="[1196,1436,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Pareques acuminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presents 5 unique haplotypes and differs from 
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364E97557A9AF889BE6F2927" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[671,787,1841,1867]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364E97557A9AF889BE6F2927" box="[671,787,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">P. lineatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 29 mutational steps (
<figureCitation id="E4FF2A23364E97557C23F88AB9172927" box="[1062,1131,1841,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1823,1847]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-21@11.[212,1376,181,1799]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Sampling localities of examined material and haplotype network. Squares: specimens only with DNA sequenced; triangles: specimens only with morphological data; circles: specimens with sequenced DNA and morphological data. Pareques acuminatus (green) and Pareques lineatus (yellow). Question marks are of specimens with intermediate characters. Haplotype network of COI gene, constructed using the maximum likelihood approach, with the evolutionary models GTR+I+G. In the haplotype network, samples in red represent fishes from Colombia or Panama and samples in pink represent fishes from Virgin Islands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7223679" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7223679/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="34DE652D364E975678C2F8EEB98B288D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="408" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" type="description">
<paragraph id="7C7B36A6364E975478C2F8EEB9822F71" blockId="4.[151,1437,1409,2012]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="406" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364E975578C2F8EEBC272903" bold="true" box="[199,347,1877,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Description:</emphasis>
Counts and measurements in 
<tableCitation id="3146031D364E97557AA2F8EEBE7F2903" box="[679,771,1877,1903]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[152,244,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[166,1403,192,1624]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometric and meristic data of adult Pareques acuminatus and P. lineatus. Pareques acuminatus Pareques lineatus" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/28BB662E364C9757789DFF2CB9272EC3" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" tableUuid="28BB662E364C9757789DFF2CB9272EC3">Tables 2</tableCitation>
and 
<tableCitation id="3146031D364E97557B3DF8EEBE342903" box="[824,840,1877,1903]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="6.[152,244,1673,1697]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 3. Lateral-line scales of adult Pareques acuminatus and P. lineatus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/28BB662E364C9757789DF932BEBB28CD" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" tableUuid="28BB662E364C9757789DF932BEBB28CD">3</tableCitation>
. Body oblong, compressed, moderately deep, dorsum elevated, tapering posteriorly to slender caudal peduncle. Head upper profile moderately steep, slightly concave from snout tip to dorsal-fin origin; lower profile of head almost straight from mandibular tip to pelvic-fin origin; snout blunt, rounded, overhangs upper jaw; posterior nostril elongate, larger than oval to rounded anterior nostril; mouth small, inferior, almost horizontal, lower jaw included; teeth villiform in both jaws, those of upper-jaw outer row enlarged, recurved; vomer and palatines toothless; upper jaw reaching slightly past middle-orbit; three marginal pores on snout, three smaller pores on rostrum; five pores on chin, one medial, two mental pairs; eye diameter moderate, larger than interorbital, similar to snout length; preopercular border smooth, membranous.
</paragraph>
<caption id="28BB662E364F9754789DF8EAB9EF29B9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7223673" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7223673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7223673/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" startId="5.[152,255,1873,1897]" targetBox="[156,1431,309,1849]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="7C7B36A6364F9754789DF8EAB9EF29B9" blockId="5.[151,1437,1873,2005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364F9754789DF8EABC602905" bold="true" box="[152,284,1873,1897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Color patterns of 
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364F975479E4F8E9BFC32905" baseAuthorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[481,703,1874,1897]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364F975479E4F8E9BFC32905" box="[481,703,1874,1897]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Pareques acuminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(left column) and 
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364F97547B8DF8E9BE882905" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[904,1012,1873,1897]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364F97547B8DF8E9BE882905" box="[904,1012,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">P. lineatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(right column). A, B: recently recruited individuals; C, D: juveniles, about 10–35 mm SL; E, F: immatures, about 35–80 mm SL; G, H: adults. Images A, C, E, and G, Carlos and Allison Estape, Florida, USA; B, Alfredo Carvalho-Filho, Praia do Forte, Bahia, Brazil; D and H: Carlos E.L. Ferreira, Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; F: Athila Bertoncini, Taipus de Fora, Bahia, Brazil.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="28BB662E364C9757789DFF2CB9272EC3" ID-Table-UUID="28BB662E364C9757789DFF2CB9272EC3" box="[152,1115,151,175]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/28BB662E364C9757789DFF2CB9272EC3" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" startId="6.[152,244,151,175]" targetBox="[166,1403,192,1624]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="7C7B36A6364C9757789DFF2CB9272EC3" blockId="6.[152,1115,151,175]" box="[152,1115,151,175]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364C9757789DFF2CBC732EC3" bold="true" box="[152,271,151,175]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Morphometric and meristic data of adult 
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364C97577AC9FF23BECD2EC3" baseAuthorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[716,945,152,175]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364C97577AC9FF23BECD2EC3" box="[716,945,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Pareques acuminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364C97577BE0FF23B92F2EC3" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[997,1107,151,175]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364C97577BE0FF23B92F2EC3" box="[997,1107,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">P. lineatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7C7B36A6364C97577A86FF7AB8342834" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<table id="0EC4C406364C68AE78A3FF7BB8072834" box="[166,1403,192,1624]" gridcols="7" gridrows="35" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FF7BB8072EB4" box="[166,1403,192,216]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE7A86FF7BBE212EB4" box="[643,861,192,216]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364C97577A86FF7ABE212EB4" baseAuthorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[643,861,193,216]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acuminatus">Pareques acuminatus</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="81255D98364C68AE7C27FF7BB9AB2EB4" box="[1058,1239,192,216]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364C97577C27FF7AB9AB2EB4" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1058,1239,192,216]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">Pareques lineatus</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FEAAB8072F45" box="[166,1403,273,297]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7A86FEAABFE02F45" box="[643,668,273,297]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">N</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7AF2FEAABE212F45" box="[759,861,273,297]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Mean</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7B8BFEAABE882F45" box="[910,1012,273,297]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Range</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C27FEAAB9472F45" box="[1058,1083,273,297]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">N</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93FEAAB9AB2F45" box="[1174,1239,273,297]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Mean</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13FEAAB8072F45" box="[1302,1403,273,297]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Range</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FE83B8072F3D" box="[166,1403,312,337]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FE83B8072F3D" box="[166,1403,312,337]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Proportions in SL</th>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FEDAB8072F15" box="[166,1403,353,377]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FEDABF7B2F15" box="[166,519,353,377]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Standard length (mm)</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7A86FEDABFE02F15" box="[643,668,353,377]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">21</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7B8BFEDABE882F15" box="[910,1012,353,377]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">59–143</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C27FEDAB9472F15" box="[1058,1083,353,377]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">30</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13FEDAB8072F15" box="[1302,1403,353,377]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">70–161</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FE32B8072FCD" box="[166,1403,393,417]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FE32BF7B2FCD" box="[166,519,393,417]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Head length</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7AF2FE32BE212FCD" box="[759,861,393,417]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">32.7</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7B8BFE32BE882FCD" box="[910,1012,393,417]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">28.9–39.0</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93FE32B9AB2FCD" box="[1174,1239,393,417]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">30.6</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13FE32B8072FCD" box="[1302,1403,393,417]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">27.1–34.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FE0AB8072FA5" box="[166,1403,433,457]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FE0ABF7B2FA5" box="[166,519,433,457]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Head depth</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93FE0AB9AB2FA5" box="[1174,1239,433,457]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">34.7</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13FE0AB8072FA5" box="[1302,1403,433,457]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">33.4–35.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FE62B8072F9E" box="[166,1403,473,498]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FE62BF7B2F9E" box="[166,519,473,498]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Post-orbital length</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93FE62B9AB2F9E" box="[1174,1239,473,498]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">17.0</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13FE62B8072F9E" box="[1302,1403,473,498]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">14.0–21.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FDB9B8072C76" box="[166,1403,514,538]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FDB9BF7B2C76" box="[166,519,514,538]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Orbital diameter</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7AF2FDB9BE212C76" box="[759,861,514,538]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">9.7</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7B8BFDB9BE882C76" box="[910,1012,514,538]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">8.4–13.3</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93FDB9B9AB2C76" box="[1174,1239,514,538]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">8.9</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13FDB9B8072C76" box="[1302,1403,514,538]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">8.1–10.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FD91B8072C2E" box="[166,1403,554,578]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FD91BF7B2C2E" box="[166,519,554,578]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Interorbital distance</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7AF2FD91BE212C2E" box="[759,861,554,578]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">7.9</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7B8BFD91BE882C2E" box="[910,1012,554,578]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">6.6–10.0</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93FD91B9AB2C2E" box="[1174,1239,554,578]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">7.7</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13FD91B8072C2E" box="[1302,1403,554,578]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">6.7–9.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FDE9B8072C06" box="[166,1403,594,618]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FDE9BF7B2C06" box="[166,519,594,618]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Snout length</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7AF2FDE9BE212C06" box="[759,861,594,618]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">8.6</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7B8BFDE9BE882C06" box="[910,1012,594,618]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">7.4–11.7</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93FDE9B9AB2C06" box="[1174,1239,594,618]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">7.2</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13FDE9B8072C06" box="[1302,1403,594,618]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">5.3–8.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FDC1B8072CFF" box="[166,1403,634,659]" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FDC1BF7B2CFF" box="[166,519,634,659]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Mouth width</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93FDC1B9AB2CFF" box="[1174,1239,634,659]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">9.7</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13FDC1B8072CFF" box="[1302,1403,634,659]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">8.4–12.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FD18B8072CD7" box="[166,1403,675,699]" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FD18BF7B2CD7" box="[166,519,675,699]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Body depth</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7AF2FD18BE212CD7" box="[759,861,675,699]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">38.8</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7B8BFD18BE882CD7" box="[910,1012,675,699]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">34.1–41.2</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93FD18B9AB2CD7" box="[1174,1239,675,699]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">35.9</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13FD18B8072CD7" box="[1302,1403,675,699]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">33.2–38.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FD70B8072C8F" box="[166,1403,715,739]" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FD70BF7B2C8F" box="[166,519,715,739]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Body width</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93FD70B9AB2C8F" box="[1174,1239,715,739]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">16.9</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13FD70B8072C8F" box="[1302,1403,715,739]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">13.9–19.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FD48B8072D67" box="[166,1403,755,779]" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FD48BF7B2D67" box="[166,519,755,779]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Distance from snout to dorsal fin</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7AF2FD48BE212D67" box="[759,861,755,779]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">36.5</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7B8BFD48BE882D67" box="[910,1012,755,779]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">33.7–43.3</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93FD48B9AB2D67" box="[1174,1239,755,779]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">28.4</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13FD48B8072D67" box="[1302,1403,755,779]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">22.7–38.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FCA0B8072D58" box="[166,1403,795,820]" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FCA0BF7B2D58" box="[166,519,795,820]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Dorsal-fin length</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7AF2FCA0BE212D58" box="[759,861,795,820]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">25.6</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7B8BFCA0BE882D58" box="[910,1012,795,820]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">16.8–36.7</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93FCA0B9AB2D58" box="[1174,1239,795,820]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">22.4</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13FCA0B8072D58" box="[1302,1403,795,820]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">15.9–31.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FCFFB8072D30" box="[166,1403,836,860]" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FCFFBF7B2D30" box="[166,519,836,860]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Dorsal-fin base length</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7AF2FCFFBE212D30" box="[759,861,836,860]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">11.7</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7B8BFCFFBE882D30" box="[910,1012,836,860]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">9.8–15.3</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93FCFFB9AB2D30" box="[1174,1239,836,860]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">11.6</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13FCFFB8072D30" box="[1302,1403,836,860]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">9.6–13.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FCD7B8072DE8" box="[166,1403,876,900]" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FCD7BF7B2DE8" box="[166,519,876,900]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Distance from snout to pectoral fin</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7AF2FCD7BE212DE8" box="[759,861,876,900]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">31.1</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7B8BFCD7BE882DE8" box="[910,1012,876,900]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">27.5–33.9</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93FCD7B9AB2DE8" box="[1174,1239,876,900]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">27.9</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13FCD7B8072DE8" box="[1302,1403,876,900]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">24.8–29.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FC2FB8072DC0" box="[166,1403,916,940]" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FC2FBF7B2DC0" box="[166,519,916,940]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Pectoral-fin length</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7AF2FC2FBE212DC0" box="[759,861,916,940]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">22.5</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7B8BFC2FBE882DC0" box="[910,1012,916,940]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">19.8–24.0</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93FC2FB9AB2DC0" box="[1174,1239,916,940]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">23.7</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13FC2FB8072DC0" box="[1302,1403,916,940]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">20.8–33.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FC07B8072DB9" box="[166,1403,956,981]" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FC07BF7B2DB9" box="[166,519,956,981]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Distance from snout to pelvic fin</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93FC07B9AB2DB9" box="[1174,1239,956,981]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">31.1</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13FC07B8072DB9" box="[1302,1403,956,981]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">29.8–32.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FC5FB8072D91" box="[166,1403,996,1021]" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FC5FBF7B2D91" box="[166,519,996,1021]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Pelvic-fin length</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7AF2FC5FBE212D91" box="[759,861,996,1021]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">24.7</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7B8BFC5FBE882D91" box="[910,1012,996,1021]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">22.0–28.8</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93FC5FB9AB2D91" box="[1174,1239,996,1021]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">22.1</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13FC5FB8072D91" box="[1302,1403,996,1021]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">20.4–25.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FBB6B8072A49" box="[166,1403,1037,1061]" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FBB6BF7B2A49" box="[166,519,1037,1061]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Distance from snout to anal fin</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7AF2FBB6BE212A49" box="[759,861,1037,1061]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">69.4</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7B8BFBB6BE882A49" box="[910,1012,1037,1061]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">63.3–80.0</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93FBB6B9AB2A49" box="[1174,1239,1037,1061]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">67.4</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13FBB6B8072A49" box="[1302,1403,1037,1061]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">64.2–71.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FB8EB8072A21" box="[166,1403,1077,1101]" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FB8EBF7B2A21" box="[166,519,1077,1101]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Anal-fin length</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7AF2FB8EBE212A21" box="[759,861,1077,1101]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">14.3</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7B8BFB8EBE882A21" box="[910,1012,1077,1101]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">11.1–17.1</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93FB8EB9AB2A21" box="[1174,1239,1077,1101]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">11.6</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13FB8EB8072A21" box="[1302,1403,1077,1101]" gridcol="6" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">9.5–13.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FBE6B8072A19" box="[166,1403,1117,1141]" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FBE6BF7B2A19" box="[166,519,1117,1141]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Anal-fin base length</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7AF2FBE6BE212A19" box="[759,861,1117,1141]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">10.5</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7B8BFBE6BE882A19" box="[910,1012,1117,1141]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">8.9–13.6</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93FBE6B9AB2A19" box="[1174,1239,1117,1141]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">9.5</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13FBE6B8072A19" box="[1302,1403,1117,1141]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">8.2–10.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FB3DB8072AF2" box="[166,1403,1158,1182]" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FB3DBF7B2AF2" box="[166,519,1158,1182]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Caudal-peduncle height</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7AF2FB3DBE212AF2" box="[759,861,1158,1182]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">9.7</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7B8BFB3DBE882AF2" box="[910,1012,1158,1182]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">8.8–11.7</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93FB3DB9AB2AF2" box="[1174,1239,1158,1182]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">8.9</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13FB3DB8072AF2" box="[1302,1403,1158,1182]" gridcol="6" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">7.8–10.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FB15B8072AAA" box="[166,1403,1198,1222]" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FB15BF7B2AAA" box="[166,519,1198,1222]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Caudal-peduncle length</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93FB15B9AB2AAA" box="[1174,1239,1198,1222]" gridcol="5" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">26.1</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13FB15B8072AAA" box="[1302,1403,1198,1222]" gridcol="6" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">21.8–29.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FB6DB8072A82" box="[166,1403,1238,1262]" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FB6DB8072A82" box="[166,1403,1238,1262]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Meristics</th>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FB45B8072B7A" box="[166,1403,1278,1302]" gridrow="26" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FB45BF7B2B7A" box="[166,519,1278,1302]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Dorsal-fin spines</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7AF2FB45BE212B7A" box="[759,861,1278,1302]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">10</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7B8BFB45BE882B7A" box="[910,1012,1278,1302]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">9–11</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93FB45B9AB2B7A" box="[1174,1239,1278,1302]" gridcol="5" gridrow="26" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">10</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13FB45B8072B7A" box="[1302,1403,1278,1302]" gridcol="6" gridrow="26" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">10–10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FA9DB8072B53" box="[166,1403,1318,1343]" gridrow="27" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FA9DBF7B2B53" box="[166,519,1318,1343]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Dorsal-fin rays</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7AF2FA9DBE212B53" box="[759,861,1318,1343]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">38</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7B8BFA9DBE882B53" box="[910,1012,1318,1343]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">36–40</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93FA9DB9AB2B53" box="[1174,1239,1318,1343]" gridcol="5" gridrow="27" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">39</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13FA9DB8072B53" box="[1302,1403,1318,1343]" gridcol="6" gridrow="27" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">37–40</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FAF4B8072B0B" box="[166,1403,1359,1383]" gridrow="28" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FAF4BF7B2B0B" box="[166,519,1359,1383]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Anal-fin spines</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7AF2FAF4BE212B0B" box="[759,861,1359,1383]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">2</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7B8BFAF4BE882B0B" box="[910,1012,1359,1383]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">2–2</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93FAF4B9AB2B0B" box="[1174,1239,1359,1383]" gridcol="5" gridrow="28" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">2</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13FAF4B8072B0B" box="[1302,1403,1359,1383]" gridcol="6" gridrow="28" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">2–2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FACCB8072BFC" box="[166,1403,1399,1424]" gridrow="29" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FACCBF7B2BFC" box="[166,519,1399,1424]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Anal-fin rays</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7AF2FACCBE212BFC" box="[759,861,1399,1424]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">7</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7B8BFACCBE882BFC" box="[910,1012,1399,1424]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">7–7</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93FACCB9AB2BFC" box="[1174,1239,1399,1424]" gridcol="5" gridrow="29" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">7</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13FACCB8072BFC" box="[1302,1403,1399,1424]" gridcol="6" gridrow="29" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">7–7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FA24B8072BD4" box="[166,1403,1439,1464]" gridrow="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FA24BF7B2BD4" box="[166,519,1439,1464]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Pectoral-fin rays</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7AF2FA24BE212BD4" box="[759,861,1439,1464]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">16</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7B8BFA24BE882BD4" box="[910,1012,1439,1464]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">16–16</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93FA24B9AB2BD4" box="[1174,1239,1439,1464]" gridcol="5" gridrow="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">16</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13FA24B8072BD4" box="[1302,1403,1439,1464]" gridcol="6" gridrow="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">15–18</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FA7CB8072B8C" box="[166,1403,1479,1504]" gridrow="31" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FA7CBF7B2B8C" box="[166,519,1479,1504]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">First arch gill rakers</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7AF2FA7CBE212B8C" box="[759,861,1479,1504]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">15</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7B8BFA7CBE882B8C" box="[910,1012,1479,1504]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">12–17</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93FA7CB9AB2B8C" box="[1174,1239,1479,1504]" gridcol="5" gridrow="31" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">14</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13FA7CB8072B8C" box="[1302,1403,1479,1504]" gridcol="6" gridrow="31" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">12–15</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3FA4BB8072864" box="[166,1403,1520,1544]" gridrow="32" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3FA4BBF7B2864" box="[166,519,1520,1544]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Second arch gill rakers</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7AF2FA4BBE212864" box="[759,861,1520,1544]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">13</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7B8BFA4BBE882864" box="[910,1012,1520,1544]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">12–15</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93FA4BB9AB2864" box="[1174,1239,1520,1544]" gridcol="5" gridrow="32" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">12</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13FA4BB8072864" box="[1302,1403,1520,1544]" gridcol="6" gridrow="32" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">9–14</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3F9A3B807285C" box="[166,1403,1560,1584]" gridrow="33" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3F9A3BF7B285C" box="[166,519,1560,1584]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Scales above lateral line</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7AF2F9A3BE21285C" box="[759,861,1560,1584]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">6</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7B8BF9A3BE88285C" box="[910,1012,1560,1584]" gridcol="3" gridrow="33" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">6–6</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93F9A3B9AB285C" box="[1174,1239,1560,1584]" gridcol="5" gridrow="33" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">8</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13F9A3B807285C" box="[1302,1403,1560,1584]" gridcol="6" gridrow="33" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">8–9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3F9FBB8072834" box="[166,1403,1600,1624]" gridrow="34" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3F9FBBF7B2834" box="[166,519,1600,1624]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Scales below lateral line</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7AF2F9FBBE212834" box="[759,861,1600,1624]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">8</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7B8BF9FBBE882834" box="[910,1012,1600,1624]" gridcol="3" gridrow="34" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">8–8</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C93F9FBB9AB2834" box="[1174,1239,1600,1624]" gridcol="5" gridrow="34" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">9</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D13F9FBB8072834" box="[1302,1403,1600,1624]" gridcol="6" gridrow="34" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">9–10</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="28BB662E364C9757789DF932BEBB28CD" ID-Table-UUID="28BB662E364C9757789DF932BEBB28CD" box="[152,967,1673,1697]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/28BB662E364C9757789DF932BEBB28CD" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" startId="6.[152,244,1673,1697]" targetBox="[166,1398,1713,2019]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="7C7B36A6364C9757789DF932BEBB28CD" blockId="6.[152,967,1673,1697]" box="[152,967,1673,1697]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364C9757789DF932BC7328CD" bold="true" box="[152,271,1673,1697]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
Lateral-line scales of adult 
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364C97577A3DF931BE6128CD" baseAuthorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[568,797,1674,1697]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364C97577A3DF931BE6128CD" box="[568,797,1674,1697]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Pareques acuminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364C97577B54F931BEBF28CD" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[849,963,1673,1697]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">P. lineatus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7C7B36A6364C975779FDF90AB816298F" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<table id="0EC4C406364C68AE78A3F90AB80A298F" box="[166,1398,1713,2019]" gridcols="13" gridrows="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3F90AB80A28A5" box="[166,1398,1713,1737]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE79FDF90ABF6D28A5" box="[504,529,1713,1737]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">44</th>
<th id="81255D98364C68AE7A42F90ABF1C28A5" box="[583,608,1713,1737]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364C97577A42F90ABF1C28A5" bold="true" box="[583,608,1713,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">45</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="81255D98364C68AE7A93F90ABFD328A5" box="[662,687,1713,1737]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364C97577A93F90ABFD328A5" bold="true" box="[662,687,1713,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">46</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="81255D98364C68AE7AE0F90ABF8228A5" box="[741,766,1713,1737]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364C97577AE0F90ABF8228A5" bold="true" box="[741,766,1713,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">47</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="81255D98364C68AE7B31F90ABE3128A5" box="[820,845,1713,1737]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364C97577B31F90ABE3128A5" bold="true" box="[820,845,1713,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">48</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="81255D98364C68AE7B86F90ABEE028A5" box="[899,924,1713,1737]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364C97577B86F90ABEE028A5" bold="true" box="[899,924,1713,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">49</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="81255D98364C68AE7BD7F90ABE9728A5" box="[978,1003,1713,1737]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364C97577BD7F90ABE9728A5" bold="true" box="[978,1003,1713,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">50</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="81255D98364C68AE7C24F90AB94628A5" box="[1057,1082,1713,1737]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364C97577C24F90AB94628A5" bold="true" box="[1057,1082,1713,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">51</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="81255D98364C68AE7C75F90AB9F528A5" box="[1136,1161,1713,1737]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364C97577C75F90AB9F528A5" bold="true" box="[1136,1161,1713,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">52</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="81255D98364C68AE7CBAF90AB9A428A5" box="[1215,1240,1713,1737]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364C97577CBAF90AB9A428A5" bold="true" box="[1215,1240,1713,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">53</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="81255D98364C68AE7D0BF90AB85B28A5" box="[1294,1319,1713,1737]" gridcol="11" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364C97577D0BF90AB85B28A5" bold="true" box="[1294,1319,1713,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">54</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="81255D98364C68AE7D58F90AB80A28A5" box="[1373,1398,1713,1737]" gridcol="12" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364C97577D58F90AB80A28A5" bold="true" box="[1373,1398,1713,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">55</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3F961B80A2976" box="[166,1398,1754,1818]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3F961BC412976" box="[166,317,1754,1818]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364C975778A3F961BC4F289D" baseAuthorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[166,307,1754,1777]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364C975778A3F961BC4F289D" box="[166,307,1754,1777]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">P. acuminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
North America
</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE79FDF961BF6D2976" box="[504,529,1754,1818]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">1</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7A42F961BF1C2976" box="[583,608,1754,1818]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">0</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7A93F961BFD32976" box="[662,687,1754,1818]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">1</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7AE0F961BF822976" box="[741,766,1754,1818]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">5</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7B31F961BE312976" box="[820,845,1754,1818]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">9</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7B86F961BEE02976" box="[899,924,1754,1818]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3F891B80A292E" box="[166,1398,1834,1858]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3F891BC41292E" box="[166,317,1834,1858]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Colombia</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C24F891B946292E" box="[1057,1082,1834,1858]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">3</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C75F891B9F5292E" box="[1136,1161,1834,1858]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2F434E4364C68AE78A3F8C1B80A298F" box="[166,1398,1914,2019]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="81255D98364C68AE78A3F8C1BC41298F" box="[166,317,1914,2019]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364C975778A3F8C0BC7229FE" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[166,270,1914,1938]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364C975778A3F8C0BC7229FE" box="[166,270,1914,1938]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">P. lineatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Colombia Brazil
</th>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7BD7F8C1BE97298F" box="[978,1003,1914,2019]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">1 9</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C24F8C1B946298F" box="[1057,1082,1914,2019]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">1 6</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7C75F8C1B9F5298F" box="[1136,1161,1914,2019]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">1 6</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7CBAF8C1B9A4298F" box="[1215,1240,1914,2019]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">1 7</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D0BF8C1B85B298F" box="[1294,1319,1914,2019]" gridcol="11" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">2</td>
<td id="81255D98364C68AE7D58F8C1B80A298F" box="[1373,1398,1914,2019]" gridcol="12" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7B36A6364D975678C2FF2CB9F02F09" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">First dorsal fin higher than second, reaching 4th ray when adpressed in adults, farther in younger or immature individuals, and even to caudal-fin distal end in some juveniles; second dorsal fin long, posterior border somewhat rounded; pectoral-fin insertion below about middle of first dorsal fin, tip pointed; pelvic-fin length slightly shorter than pectoral fin, its origin just after pectoral-fin base, tip usually rounded, eventually pointed, reaching beyond pectoral-fin tip in adults, much longer in juveniles; anal-fin base short, distal tip usually pointed, second spine rather stout; caudal fin convex to almost straight in adults, lanceolate to filamentous in juveniles.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7B36A6364D975678C2FED4BDA12FBD" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Body and head covered with ctenoid scales, except preorbital, tip of snout and lower jaw; small ctenoid scales covering soft dorsal- and anal-fin bases. Swim bladder simple, carrot-shaped, without distinct diverticula or anterior horns.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7B36A6364D975678C2FE61BFC92DA5" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364D975678C2FE61BF5C2F98" bold="true" box="[199,544,474,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
Live colors: Adults (
<figureCitation id="E4FF2A23364D975679BCFE61BF6E2F98" box="[441,530,474,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,309,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-84@5.[156,1431,309,1849]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Color patterns of Pareques acuminatus (left column) and P. lineatus (right column). A, B: recently recruited individuals; C, D: juveniles, about 10–35 mm SL; E, F: immatures, about 35–80 mm SL; G, H: adults. Images A, C, E, and G, Carlos and Allison Estape, Florida, USA; B, Alfredo Carvalho-Filho, Praia do Forte, Bahia, Brazil; D and H: Carlos E.L. Ferreira, Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; F: Athila Bertoncini, Taipus de Fora, Bahia, Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7223673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7223673/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Fig. 2d</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Generally black to very dark brown head, body, and fins, without golden tones on face and belly. A series of conspicuous white longitudinal, almost straight stripes on entire head and body: the first extending from the insertion of the first dorsal fin along each side of the base of the second dorsal fin to about mid-fin; the second and third start together on the front of the nape then, on each side of the body, divide and pass along the upper back, enclosing a dark stripe, then join again under the middle of the second dorsal and continue for a short distance further along the base of the soft dorsal; the fourth starts on the forehead above the eye and the fifth at the top edge of the eye, then both run parallel to near the rear of the soft dorsal, then join and run along the upper edge of the caudal peduncle; the sixth runs from the lower edge of the eye along the top edge of the pectoral base and along the lower flank to above the anal fin, where it fades out as it continues along the center of the caudal peduncle; the seventh runs parallel to the sixth, and join it at the caudal peduncle, after the anal fin; an eight white stripe runs from the lower end of the opercle to the anal-fin origin; fins blackish to dark brown, the border of soft dorsal with a submarginal whitish stripe and the posterior margin of the spinous dorsal fin usually white, eventually faded; anterior portion of snout and lips darkened; forehead often with a broad whitish blotch that reaches the dorsal-fin origin; iris golden brown, pupil black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7B36A6364D975678C2FC69BE642ACD" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364D975678C2FC69BE572D80" bold="true" box="[199,811,978,1005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
Juveniles: Recently recruited individuals (
<figureCitation id="E4FF2A23364D97567AC1FC69BE602D80" box="[708,796,978,1004]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,309,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-84@5.[156,1431,309,1849]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Color patterns of Pareques acuminatus (left column) and P. lineatus (right column). A, B: recently recruited individuals; C, D: juveniles, about 10–35 mm SL; E, F: immatures, about 35–80 mm SL; G, H: adults. Images A, C, E, and G, Carlos and Allison Estape, Florida, USA; B, Alfredo Carvalho-Filho, Praia do Forte, Bahia, Brazil; D and H: Carlos E.L. Ferreira, Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; F: Athila Bertoncini, Taipus de Fora, Bahia, Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7223673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7223673/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
white with a shadow of yellow; a black transverse bar crossing upper head, a black stripe in the interorbital and two small conspicuous black dots, one on snout tip, the other just below it; a black stripe from anterior border of eye, crossing orbit to the end of the middle caudal fin; a black stripe from tip of the white spinous dorsal fin that curves back on the shoulder and merges with the lateral one below the center of the soft dorsal; soft dorsal and anal fins translucent; pectoral fins translucent, with a black basal section; pelvic fin white with a black bar down its center.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7B36A6364D975678C2FB11BE902841" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364D975678C2FB11BF1C2AA8" bold="true" box="[199,608,1194,1221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
Changes with growth (
<figureCitation id="E4FF2A23364D975679D8FB11BF2D2AA8" box="[477,593,1194,1220]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,309,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-84@5.[156,1431,309,1849]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Color patterns of Pareques acuminatus (left column) and P. lineatus (right column). A, B: recently recruited individuals; C, D: juveniles, about 10–35 mm SL; E, F: immatures, about 35–80 mm SL; G, H: adults. Images A, C, E, and G, Carlos and Allison Estape, Florida, USA; B, Alfredo Carvalho-Filho, Praia do Forte, Bahia, Brazil; D and H: Carlos E.L. Ferreira, Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; F: Athila Bertoncini, Taipus de Fora, Bahia, Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7223673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7223673/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Fig. 2c, e</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
As the fish grows, the existing black stripes shrink, and two additional stripes form, one running from upper head to middle of the soft dorsal and another one from below eye to lower caudal peduncle; pectoral and pelvic fins became black with outer borders white; tip of snout with large black spot and a bar from upper jaw to eye and another in the interorbital; the first dorsal is black with white outer borders and a black-centered ocellus at about the middle of the anterior part of the fin. With further growth, the black body stripes shrink and increase in number to 8, the first dorsal fin becomes dark with a white band along its rear edge and the ocellus reduces its size to just a dark area at the tip of the fin; the pectoral, pelvic, anal, and caudal fins are greyish with black outer borders. As the fish grows further, the overall color becomes black, the white color is conspicuously restricted to the stripes described for adults and the spiny dorsal-fin ocellus disappears completely. The above description is based in our observations of live and preserved specimens, and published pictures (i.e., 
<bibRefCitation id="18554B57364D97567892F9A8BCEB2841" author="Miller, G. C. &amp; Woods, L. P." box="[151,407,1555,1581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" pagination="88 - 92" refId="ref13295" refString="Miller, G. C. &amp; Woods, L. P. (1988) A new species of sciaenid fish, Pareques iwamotoi, from the western Atlantic, with color descriptions of prejuvenile and juvenile Pareques acuminatus and Pareques umbrosus. Bulletin of Marine Science, 43 (1), 88 - 92." type="journal article" year="1988">Miller &amp; Woods, 1988</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="18554B57364D975679A7F9A8BF072841" author="Holt, G. J. &amp; Riley, C. M." box="[418,635,1555,1581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" pagination="825 - 838" refId="ref12369" refString="Holt, G. J. &amp; Riley, C. M. (1999) Larval and juvenile development of the cubbyu Pareques umbrosus with notes on the high hat Pareques acuminatus larvae. Bulletin of Marine Science, 65 (3), 825 - 838." type="journal article" year="1999">Holt &amp; Riley, 1999</bibRefCitation>
; Robertson &amp; Van Tassel, 2019).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7B36A6364D975678C2F98CBCAA28F5" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364D975678C2F98CBCB6283C" bold="true" box="[199,458,1590,1617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Nocturnal coloration:</emphasis>
At night, juveniles and adults sometimes display a large black bar that runs from the tip of the spinous dorsal fin to the tip of the pelvic fin and another smaller bar from the middle of the second dorsal fin to the middle of the anal fin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7B36A6364D975678C2F919B98B288D" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364D975678C2F919BF5628D0" bold="true" box="[199,554,1698,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Color of preserved specimens:</emphasis>
Adults and immature specimens blackish-brown color and white stripes become more evident, not faded. The juveniles maintain their basic coloration, the black marks rarely faded.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="34DE652D364D975978C2F951BC552F09" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="409" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7C7B36A6364D975978C2F951BC552F09" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="409" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364D975678C2F951BC852968" bold="true" box="[199,505,1770,1797]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Distribution and habitat:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364D97567A07F950BF892968" baseAuthorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[514,757,1771,1796]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364D97567A07F950BF892968" box="[514,757,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Pareques acuminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs from Virginia and the Gulf of Mexico to 
<collectingCountry id="04D37636364D97567D2AF950B8162969" box="[1327,1386,1771,1797]" name="Cuba" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Cuba</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="04D37636364D97567892F8B4BC632945" box="[151,287,1807,1833]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
in the Central Caribbean and to 
<collectingCountry id="04D37636364D97567A9AF8B4BE712945" box="[671,781,1807,1833]" name="Colombia" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Colombia</collectingCountry>
in northern South America (
<figureCitation id="E4FF2A23364D97567C5EF8B4B9DF2945" box="[1115,1187,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1823,1847]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-21@11.[212,1376,181,1799]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Sampling localities of examined material and haplotype network. Squares: specimens only with DNA sequenced; triangles: specimens only with morphological data; circles: specimens with sequenced DNA and morphological data. Pareques acuminatus (green) and Pareques lineatus (yellow). Question marks are of specimens with intermediate characters. Haplotype network of COI gene, constructed using the maximum likelihood approach, with the evolutionary models GTR+I+G. In the haplotype network, samples in red represent fishes from Colombia or Panama and samples in pink represent fishes from Virgin Islands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7223679" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7223679/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
); it does not occur in 
<collectingCountry id="04D37636364D97567892F888BD822921" box="[151,254,1843,1869]" name="Bermuda" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="18554B57364D97567908F888BF5A2921" author="Smith-Vaniz, W. F. &amp; Collette, B. B. &amp; Luckhurst, B. E." box="[269,550,1843,1869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refId="ref13936" refString="Smith-Vaniz, W. F., Collette, B. B. &amp; Luckhurst, B. E. (1999) Fishes of Bermuda: History, Zoogeography, Annotated Checklist, and Identification Keys. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Special Publication No. 4. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Lawrence, Kansas, 424 pp., 12 pls." type="book" year="1999">
Smith-Vaniz 
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364D975679A6F888BCA02921" box="[419,476,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">et al.</emphasis>
, 1999
</bibRefCitation>
). The southern limit of the range in the Caribbean is unclear; a specimen from 
<collectingCountry id="04D37636364D97567892F8ECBC61291D" box="[151,285,1879,1905]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
(UF 214350) presented meristics of 
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364D97567AC5F8ECBE22291C" baseAuthorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[704,862,1879,1904]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364D97567AC5F8ECBE22291C" box="[704,862,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">P. acuminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and coloration of 
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364D97567C35F8ECB9D9291D" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1072,1189,1879,1905]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364D97567C35F8ECB9D9291D" box="[1072,1189,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">P. lineatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; a picture of a Puerto Rican specimen taken by 
<bibRefCitation id="18554B57364D975679B7F8C0BF2729F9" author="Randall, J. E." box="[434,603,1915,1941]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refId="ref13635" refString="Randall, J. E. (1996) Caribbean Reef Fishes, Third Edition, Revised and Enlarged. T. F. H. Publications, 368 pp." type="book" year="1996">Randall (1996)</bibRefCitation>
, clearly displays the coloration of 
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364D97567BD0F8C0B92D29F9" box="[981,1105,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364D97567BD0F8C0B93629F9" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[981,1098,1915,1941]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">P. lineatus</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
on other hand, the illustration of 
<bibRefCitation id="18554B57364D975678B0F824BCDB29D5" author="Cervigon, F." box="[181,423,1951,1977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refId="ref11724" refString="Cervigon, F. (1993) Los Peces Marinos de Venezuela, Vol. 2. Fundacion Cientifica Los Roques, Caracas, 499 pp." type="book" year="1993">Cervigón (1993: 268)</bibRefCitation>
clearly shows a specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364D97567AEBF824BEF629D4" baseAuthorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[750,906,1951,1976]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364D97567AEBF824BEF629D4" box="[750,906,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">P. acuminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showing that the species range through Central America reaches northern South America, west of the Orinoco plume. It lives in rocky and coral reefs from one to about 100 meters deep, usually between three and 30 meters. Recently recruited juveniles can be observed in very shallow water under ledges or near sand pockets close to reef crevices, often in small groups of about the same age. Young are also found in small groups in deeper water and adults live among rocks, under ledges, inside caves and, eventually in the open. Their habits are mainly nocturnal, spending the day sheltered and feeding at night on sand, mud, and rubble bottoms close to the reef, feeding on crustaceans, polychaetes, small bony fishes, and zooplankton.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="34DE652D3642975978C2FED4BE872D79" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="7C7B36A63642975978C2FED4BF382CE9" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB43642975978C2FED4BC412FE5" bold="true" box="[199,317,367,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Remarks:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364297597940FED4BF292FE4" authorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[325,597,367,393]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Grammistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364297597940FED4BF292FE4" box="[325,597,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Grammistes acuminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by 
<bibRefCitation id="18554B57364297597B22FED4B92D2FE5" author="Bloch, M. E. &amp; Schneider, J. G." box="[807,1105,367,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" refId="ref11565" refString="Bloch, M. E. &amp; Schneider, J. G. (1801) Systema Ichthyologiae Iconibus cx Ilustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum, Berolini, lx + 584 pp." type="book" year="1801">Bloch &amp; Schneider (1801)</bibRefCitation>
with no known types or type locality; the description was based in “Chaetodon, lineis fuscis, longitudinalibus, varius” of 
<bibRefCitation id="18554B57364297597CCBFE28B8202FC1" author="Seba, A." box="[1230,1372,402,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" refId="ref13896" refString="Seba, A. (1759) Locupletissimi rerum naturalium thesauri accurata descriptio et iconibus artificiosissimis expressio per universam physices historiam. Vol. III. Janssonio-Waesbergios, Amstelaedami [Amsterdam], 212 pp., 116 pls." type="book" year="1759">Seba (1759)</bibRefCitation>
, who presented an illustration of the examined specimen (
<figureCitation id="E4FF2A23364297597AE2FE0CBE4B2FBD" box="[743,823,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1267,1291]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,669,1244]" captionTargetId="figure-254@4.[159,1429,669,1244]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pareques acuminatus (A, B) and Pareques lineatus (C, D), body in lateral view. (A) illustration, reproduced from Seba (1759: pl. 26, fig. 33); (B) neotype, UF 210054, Florida, USA; (C) syntype, MNHN 7475, Brazil; (D) syntype, MNHN 0043, Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7223671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7223671/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 1a</figureCitation>
), but it differs from Seba´s description by the number of dorsal-fin rays (49–50 versus 45–50) and the number of anal-fin rays (9 versus 11). The absence of diagnostic characters and geographic locality prevent the recognition of which molecular and morphological lineages of 
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364297597892FD98BCF02C50" baseAuthorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[151,396,547,572]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364297597892FD98BCF02C50" box="[151,396,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Pareques acuminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex is the one originally described by 
<bibRefCitation id="18554B57364297597B93FD98B95E2C51" author="Seba, A." box="[918,1058,546,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" refId="ref13896" refString="Seba, A. (1759) Locupletissimi rerum naturalium thesauri accurata descriptio et iconibus artificiosissimis expressio per universam physices historiam. Vol. III. Janssonio-Waesbergios, Amstelaedami [Amsterdam], 212 pp., 116 pls." type="book" year="1759">Seba (1759)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="18554B57364297597C64FD98B8E52C51" author="Bloch, M. E. &amp; Schneider, J. G." box="[1121,1433,547,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" refId="ref11565" refString="Bloch, M. E. &amp; Schneider, J. G. (1801) Systema Ichthyologiae Iconibus cx Ilustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum, Berolini, lx + 584 pp." type="book" year="1801">Bloch &amp; Schneider (1801)</bibRefCitation>
. Thus, it is necessary to designate a 
<typeStatus id="A37F8804364297597A2BFDFCBFFB2C0D" box="[558,647,583,609]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
to define the identity and to establish a type locality for 
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364297597D10FDFCBC642CE8" authorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" authorityYear="1801" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Grammistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364297597D10FDFCBC642CE8" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Grammistes acuminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB436429759792CFDD0BF4F2CE8" box="[297,563,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
= 
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364297597946FDD0BF4F2CE8" baseAuthorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[323,563,619,644]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acuminatus">Pareques acuminatus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7B36A63642975978C2FD34BE872D79" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<materialsCitation id="CCAC3CFB3642975978C2FD34BE8B2D79" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3938565337" accessionNumber="UF 210054" collectionCode="ICZN, UF" country="United States of America" county="Caribbean" location="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" municipality="North America" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Florida" typeStatus="neotype">
According to the recommendations of Article 75.3 of the 
<location id="791B607D364297597B3DFD34B8E12CC5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F46D87B0364997597892F9BFBE872D79:791B607D364297597B3DFD34B8E12CC5" box="[824,1437,655,681]" country="United States of America" county="Caribbean" municipality="North America" name="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" stateProvince="Florida">International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature</location>
(
<collectionCode id="1AD5AE6336429759789AFD08BD992CA1" box="[159,229,691,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">ICZN</collectionCode>
, 1999), the authors choose as a 
<typeStatus id="A37F8804364297597A44FD08BFE62CA1" box="[577,666,691,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
for 
<taxonomicName id="BBC44D25364297597AC2FD08BECA2CA0" baseAuthorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[711,950,691,716]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pareques" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
<emphasis id="4EB0EAB4364297597AC2FD08BECA2CA0" box="[711,950,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Pareques acuminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the specimen with 
<quantity id="BB3C9B43364297597C89FD08B9942CA1" box="[1164,1256,691,717]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
SL, collected in 
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, 
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, 
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, deposited at the 
<location id="791B607D364297597A64FD6CBFAB2C9D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F46D87B0364997597892F9BFBE872D79:791B607D364297597A64FD6CBFAB2C9D" box="[609,727,727,753]" country="United States of America" county="Caribbean" municipality="North America" name="University" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" stateProvince="Florida">University</location>
of 
<collectingRegion id="BE00F844364297597AFCFD6CBE362C9D" box="[761,842,727,753]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Florida</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode id="1AD5AE63364297597B52FD6CBE002C9D" box="[855,892,727,753]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
210054), which shares the unique morphological characters of the samples found in 
<collectingMunicipality id="9C1FACDC364297597A1BFD40BFB82D79" box="[542,708,763,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">North America</collectingMunicipality>
and parts of the 
<collectingCounty id="951A4E2A364297597B85FD40BE8B2D79" box="[896,1015,763,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Caribbean</collectingCounty>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>