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<mods:title id="AAFED521380C3B1AF937971D71A5E800">SEM study of species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Kirchenpaueriidae), with an annotated checklist of the species of the genus</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03C287C6282E7C33D4F48F1B2F7D7FD3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6107547" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119646488" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6107547" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C287C6282E7C33D4F48F1B2F7D7FD3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C287C6282E7C33D4F48F1B2F7D7FD3" lastPageNumber="438" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
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<heading id="D09C81BC282E7C33D4F48F1B2ED97D7C" bold="true" box="[151,715,1290,1317]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D53282E7C33D4F48F1B2ED97D7C" ID-CoL="6TCJM" authority="El Beshbeeshy, 1991" authorityName="El Beshbeeshy" authorityYear="1991" box="[151,715,1290,1317]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stepanjantsae">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D4F48F1B2ED97D7C" bold="true" box="[151,715,1290,1317]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D4F48F1B2DDA7D7D" bold="true" box="[151,456,1290,1316]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Oswaldella stepanjantsae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D5AC8F1A2ED97D7C" author="El" box="[463,715,1291,1317]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="El Beshbeeshy, M. (1991) Systematische, Morphologische und Zoogeographische Untersuchungen an den Thekaten Hydroiden des Patagonischen Schelfs. University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 390 pp." type="book" year="1991">El Beshbeeshy, 1991</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C371655B282E7C33D4F48F4028607E8F" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD436D0282E7C33D4F48F402FF67D3E" blockId="37.[151,1437,1361,1536]" box="[151,996,1361,1383]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7B11FE282E7C33D4F48F402FF67D3E" box="[151,996,1361,1383]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D53282E7C33D4F48F402E827D3E" authority="El Beshbeeshy, 1991: 263" authorityName="El Beshbeeshy" authorityPageNumber="263" authorityYear="1991" box="[151,656,1361,1383]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stepanjanti">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D4F48F402D937D3E" box="[151,385,1361,1383]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Oswaldella stepanjanti</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ACA10C1282E7C33D5E48F402E827D3E" author="El" box="[391,656,1361,1383]" page="263" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D5E48F402E4C7D3E" author="El" box="[391,606,1361,1383]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="El Beshbeeshy, M. (1991) Systematische, Morphologische und Zoogeographische Untersuchungen an den Thekaten Hydroiden des Patagonischen Schelfs. University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 390 pp." type="book" year="1991">El Beshbeeshy, 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 263
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 265 (incorrect original spelling).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436D0282E7C33D4F48F612F317D9A" blockId="37.[151,1437,1361,1536]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7B11FE282E7C33D4F48F612F317D9A" bridged="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D53282E7C33D4F48F612EF17DDF" ID-CoL="6TCJM" authority="Pena Cantero et al., 1997: 344" authorityName="Pena Cantero et al." authorityPageNumber="344" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,739,1392,1414]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stepanjantsae">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D4F48F612D8F7DDF" box="[151,413,1392,1414]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Oswaldella stepanjantsae</emphasis>
Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D6558F602E627DDF" box="[566,624,1392,1414]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">et al.,</emphasis>
1997: 344
</taxonomicName>
, 376380, figs 11, 15D;
<treatmentCitation id="0ACA10C1282E7C33D7868F6029447DDF" author="Pena" box="[997,1366,1392,1414]" page="36" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D7868F60293C7DDF" author="Pena" box="[997,1326,1392,1414]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (1998) On two new species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Bransfield Strait (Antarctica). Polar Biology, 20, 33 - 40. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 003000050273" type="journal article" year="1998">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 36
</treatmentCitation>
; 2004: 847850, fig. 15;
<treatmentCitation id="0ACA10C1282E7C33D51F8F9E2F467DFD" author="Pena" box="[380,852,1422,1444]" page="214" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D51F8F9E2F337DFD" author="Pena" box="[380,801,1422,1444]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Garcia Carrascosa, A. (1999) Biogeographical distribution of the benthic thecate hydroids collected during the Spanish ' Antartida 8611 ' expedition and comparison between Antarctic and Magellan benthic hydroid faunas. Scientia Marina, 63 (Supplement), 209 - 218." type="journal article" year="1999">Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 214
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0ACA10C1282E7C33D73C8F9E28DB7DFD" author="Pena" box="[863,1225,1422,1444]" page="85" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D73C8F9E28B17DFD" author="Pena" box="[863,1187,1422,1444]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Marques, A. C. (1999) Phylogenetic analysis of the Antarctic genus Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Hydrozoa, Leptomedusae, Kirchenpaueriidae). Contributions to Zoology, 68, 83 - 93." type="journal article" year="1999">Peña Cantero &amp; Marques, 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 85
</treatmentCitation>
; Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D1008F8129847DFD" box="[1379,1430,1422,1445]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">et al.</emphasis>
, 2010: 4157; Peña Cantero, 2013: 130; 2014: 1721, fig.
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D53282E7C33D4F48FDD2D657DBB" ID-CoL="75CXP" box="[151,375,1484,1506]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D4F48FDD2D657DBB" box="[151,375,1484,1506]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Oswaldella antarctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="0ACA10C1282E7C33D5F18FDD2E267DBB" author="Broch" box="[402,564,1484,1506]" page="13" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" year="1948">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D5F18FDD2E037DBB" author="Broch" box="[402,529,1484,1506]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Broch, H. (1948) Antarctic hydroids. Scientific Results of the Norwegian Antartic Expeditions 1927 - 1928, et sqq., 28, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1948">Broch, 1948</bibRefCitation>
: 13
</treatmentCitation>
16, fig. 4a;
<treatmentCitation id="0ACA10C1282E7C33D6D68FDD2F8F7DBB" author="Stepanjants" box="[693,925,1484,1506]" page="112" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D6D68FDD2F7F7DBB" author="Stepanjants" box="[693,877,1484,1506]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Hydroids of the antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological Results of the Soviet Antarctic Expeditions, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 20 (30), pp. 1 - 200, pls. 1 - 25. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1979">Stepanjants, 1979</bibRefCitation>
: 112
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 21 fig. 5.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436D0282E7C33D4F48FFB2F647E59" blockId="37.[151,1437,1361,1536]" box="[151,886,1514,1536]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D53282E7C33D4F48FFB2D657E59" ID-CoL="75CXP" box="[151,375,1514,1536]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D4F48FFB2D657E59" box="[151,375,1514,1536]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Oswaldella antarctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
p.p.
<treatmentCitation id="0ACA10C1282E7C33D5C98FFA2EEC7E59" author="Naumov" box="[426,766,1514,1536]" page="52" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" year="1972">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D5C98FFA2ECA7E59" author="Naumov" box="[426,728,1514,1536]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Naumov, D. V. &amp; Stepanjants, S. D. (1972) Marine invertebrates from Adelie Land collected by the XIIth and XVth French Antarctic Expeditions. 3. Hydroida. Tethys Supplement, 4, 25 - 60." type="journal article" year="1972">Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1972</bibRefCitation>
: 52
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 14a, b.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436D0282E7C33D4F48C3C28607E8F" blockId="37.[151,1436,1581,1930]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D4F48C3C2CE97E1F" bold="true" box="[151,251,1581,1606]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Ecology.</emphasis>
Eurybathic species, found at depths between 36 and
<quantity id="4C939B35282E7C33D72D8C3F2FB17E1C" box="[846,931,1582,1606]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.89" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" unit="m" value="1890.0">1890 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D7D18C3F29017E1F" author="Pena" box="[946,1299,1582,1606]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2004) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Kirchenpaueriidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 38, 805 - 861. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000045154" type="journal article" year="2004">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 2004</bibRefCitation>
), on muddy, sandy and stony bottoms and on bottoms composed of mud and sand or small stones (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D0128C4028EE7E33" author="Broch" box="[1137,1276,1617,1642]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Broch, H. (1948) Antarctic hydroids. Scientific Results of the Norwegian Antartic Expeditions 1927 - 1928, et sqq., 28, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1948">Broch 1948</bibRefCitation>
). Basibiont of many species of hydroids belonging to different genera (Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D7D28C672FF17ED7" box="[945,995,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">et al</emphasis>
. 1997;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D05B8C6729857ED7" author="Pena" box="[1080,1431,1654,1678]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2004) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Kirchenpaueriidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 38, 805 - 861. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000045154" type="journal article" year="2004">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 2004</bibRefCitation>
; Peña Cantero 2013, 2014).
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D5AE8C882E467EEB" box="[461,596,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Gonothecae</emphasis>
: December (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D6848C8B28597EEB" author="Pena" box="[743,1099,1690,1714]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2004) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Kirchenpaueriidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 38, 805 - 861. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000045154" type="journal article" year="2004">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 2004</bibRefCitation>
), January and February (Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D4958CAF2D3D7E8F" box="[246,303,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">et al.</emphasis>
1997;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D51F8CAF2ECB7E8F" author="Pena" box="[380,729,1726,1750]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2004) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Kirchenpaueriidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 38, 805 - 861. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000045154" type="journal article" year="2004">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 2004</bibRefCitation>
) and February (Peña Cantero 2013).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371655B282E7C33D4A48CF02F7D7FD3" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD436D0282E7C33D4A48CF02F7D7FD3" blockId="37.[151,1436,1581,1930]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D4A48CF02D727EA3" bold="true" box="[199,352,1761,1786]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Distribution.</emphasis>
Circum-Antarctic (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D6238CF32FBE7EA3" author="Pena" box="[576,940,1762,1786]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (1998) On two new species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Bransfield Strait (Antarctica). Polar Biology, 20, 33 - 40. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 003000050273" type="journal article" year="1998">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 1998</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D7A18CF328607EA0" box="[962,1138,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
West
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D53282E7C33D79C8CF328607EA0" box="[1023,1138,1762,1785]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="37" pageNumber="441" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<collectingCountry id="F37C7640282E7C33D79C8CF328607EA0" box="[1023,1138,1762,1785]" name="Antarctica" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
: off Elephant and Peter I islands (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D4908D142D6E7F47" author="Broch" box="[243,380,1797,1822]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Broch, H. (1948) Antarctic hydroids. Scientific Results of the Norwegian Antartic Expeditions 1927 - 1928, et sqq., 28, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1948">Broch 1948</bibRefCitation>
), the Weddell Sea (Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D6908D172F317F47" box="[755,803,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">et al</emphasis>
. 1997), off Low
<collectingCountry id="F37C7640282E7C33D7878D14283A7F47" box="[996,1064,1797,1822]" name="Iceland" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Island</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D0548D1729857F47" author="Pena" box="[1079,1431,1798,1822]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2004) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Kirchenpaueriidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 38, 805 - 861. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000045154" type="journal article" year="2004">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 2004</bibRefCitation>
; Peña Cantero 2013) and from the
<collectingCountry id="F37C7640282E7C33D67F8D382E967F1B" box="[540,644,1833,1858]" name="Antarctica" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
Peninsula area (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D7238D3B28BA7F1B" author="Pena" box="[832,1192,1834,1858]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2004) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Kirchenpaueriidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 38, 805 - 861. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000045154" type="journal article" year="2004">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D0DF8D3B29797F18" box="[1212,1387,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
East
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D53282E7C33D0958D3B29797F18" box="[1270,1387,1834,1857]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="37" pageNumber="441" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<collectingCountry id="F37C7640282E7C33D0958D3B29797F18" box="[1270,1387,1834,1857]" name="Antarctica" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
: off Adélie Land (cf. Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D5988D5F2E3F7F3F" box="[507,557,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">et al</emphasis>
. 1997), Wilkes Land, the Balleny Islands and the Ross Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D0878D5F2D2E7FD3" author="Pena" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2004) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Kirchenpaueriidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 38, 805 - 861. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000045154" type="journal article" year="2004">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 2004</bibRefCitation>
), and off Queen Mary Coast (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D6EB8D632F767FD3" author="Pena" box="[648,868,1906,1930]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2014) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the continental shelf and slope off Queen Mary Coast (East Antarctica). Polar Biology, 37, 1711 - 1731. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 014 - 1556 - 0" type="journal article" year="2014">Peña Cantero 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>