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<mods:title id="D65915F12D903D4EDBE1753B4C4D82C8">SEM study of species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Kirchenpaueriidae), with an annotated checklist of the species of the genus</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D53282E7C33D4F48BA32E837995" ID-CoL="75CJL" authority="Stepanjants, 1979" authorityName="Stepanjants" authorityYear="1979" box="[151,657,434,460]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="shetlandica">
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<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D4F48BA32DBD7995" bold="true" box="[151,431,434,460]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Oswaldella shetlandica</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D4F48BE82D497A56" box="[151,347,505,527]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Oswaldella billardi</emphasis>
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Blanco &amp;
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Redolatti, 1977
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: 1
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8, pls 14.
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<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D4F488092DC47A77" box="[151,470,536,558]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Oswaldella billardi shetlandica</emphasis>
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p.p.
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: 114
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, pl. 21 fig.
<date id="FFD51010282E7C33D70788092F907A77" box="[868,898,536,558]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">3V</date>
, G, pl. 25 fig. 7.
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<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D4F488272D497A15" box="[151,347,566,588]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Oswaldella billardi</emphasis>
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p.p.
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: 45
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46, pl. 41 fig. 95.
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D53282E7C33D4F488442D197A32" ID-CoL="7PR88" box="[151,267,597,619]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D4F488442D197A32" box="[151,267,597,619]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Oswaldella</emphasis>
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sp. 2
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: 182
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186, pl. 34 figs aj, pl. 58 figs af, pl. 68 fig. c;
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: 126
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, fig.
<date id="FFD51010282E7C33D50188652D677AD3" box="[354,373,628,650]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">8i</date>
l; 1995: 107111, figs 48AJ, 49AF, 64G.
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<paragraph id="8BD436D0282E7C33D4F488832E167ABF" blockId="37.[151,1436,505,742]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7B11FE282E7C33D4F488832E167ABF" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D53282E7C33D4F488832ED27AF1" ID-CoL="75CJL" authority="Pena Cantero et al., 1995: 342" authorityName="Pena Cantero et al." authorityPageNumber="342" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,704,658,680]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="shetlandica">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D4F488832D947AF1" box="[151,390,658,680]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Oswaldella shetlandica</emphasis>
Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D67988822E407AF1" box="[538,594,658,680]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">et al.,</emphasis>
1995: 342
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347, fig. 1; 1997: 344;
<treatmentCitation id="0ACA10C1282E7C33D7D78882290C7AF1" author="Pena" box="[948,1310,658,680]" page="36" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D7D7888228EA7AF1" author="Pena" box="[948,1272,658,680]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (1998) On two new species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Bransfield Strait (Antarctica). Polar Biology, 20, 33 - 40. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 003000050273" type="journal article" year="1998">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 36
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; 2004: 845 847, fig. 14; 2009: 86;
<treatmentCitation id="0ACA10C1282E7C33D5D488A32F867A9E" author="Pena" box="[439,916,689,711]" page="212" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D5D488A32F717A9E" author="Pena" box="[439,867,689,711]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Garcia Carrascosa, A. (1999) Biogeographical distribution of the benthic thecate hydroids collected during the Spanish ' Antartida 8611 ' expedition and comparison between Antarctic and Magellan benthic hydroid faunas. Scientia Marina, 63 (Supplement), 209 - 218." type="journal article" year="1999">Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 212
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<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D7FF88A32FCA7A9E" box="[924,984,690,711]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">et seq</emphasis>
.;
<treatmentCitation id="0ACA10C1282E7C33D78E88A3294C7A9E" author="Pena" box="[1005,1374,689,711]" page="85" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D78E88A329257A9E" author="Pena" box="[1005,1335,689,711]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Marques, A. C. (1999) Phylogenetic analysis of the Antarctic genus Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Hydrozoa, Leptomedusae, Kirchenpaueriidae). Contributions to Zoology, 68, 83 - 93." type="journal article" year="1999">Peña Cantero &amp; Marques, 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 85
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0ACA10C1282E7C33D10988A32D9E7ABF" author="Pena" page="457" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D10988A32D4B7ABF" author="Pena" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2008) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Spanish Antarctic expedition Bentart 95. Polar Biology, 31, 451 - 464. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 007 - 0371 - 2" type="journal article" year="2008">Peña Cantero, 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 457
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; 2013: 130.
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<paragraph id="8BD436D0282E7C33D4F489032CF27B86" blockId="37.[151,1436,786,1207]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D4F489032CE97B72" bold="true" box="[151,251,786,811]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Ecology.</emphasis>
Eurybathic species, collected at depths from 24 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D74089022FEF7B72" author="Pena" box="[803,1021,787,811]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2008) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Spanish Antarctic expedition Bentart 95. Polar Biology, 31, 451 - 464. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 007 - 0371 - 2" type="journal article" year="2008">Peña Cantero 2008</bibRefCitation>
) to
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(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D01D89022CC17B16" author="Pena" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2004) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Kirchenpaueriidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 38, 805 - 861. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000045154" type="journal article" year="2004">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 2004</bibRefCitation>
), on rocky (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D50389272E347B16" author="Stepanjants" box="[352,550,822,847]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Hydroids of the antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological Results of the Soviet Antarctic Expeditions, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 20 (30), pp. 1 - 200, pls. 1 - 25. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1979">Stepanjants 1979</bibRefCitation>
) and stony bottoms (Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D7A189262FE47B16" box="[962,1014,822,847]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">et al</emphasis>
. 1995.). Epibiotic on other hydroids (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D4FD894A2E187B2A" author="Pena" box="[158,522,859,883]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2004) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Kirchenpaueriidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 38, 805 - 861. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000045154" type="journal article" year="2004">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 2004</bibRefCitation>
). Basibiont for colonies of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D53282E7C33D725894B28027B2A" ID-CoL="3JB5X" box="[838,1040,858,883]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ovatum">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D725894B28027B2A" box="[838,1040,858,883]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Halecium ovatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D53282E7C33D028894B2D2D7BCE" authority="Pena Cantero 2008" authorityName="Pena Cantero" authorityYear="2008" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hero">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D028894B29407B2A" box="[1099,1362,858,883]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Symplectoscyphus hero</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D107894A2D257BCE" author="Pena" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2008) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Spanish Antarctic expedition Bentart 95. Polar Biology, 31, 451 - 464. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 007 - 0371 - 2" type="journal article" year="2008">Peña Cantero 2008</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D52E896F2DC67BCE" box="[333,468,894,919]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Gonothecae</emphasis>
: January and February (Peña Cantero et al. 1995;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D048896E298A7BCE" author="Pena" box="[1067,1432,895,919]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2004) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Kirchenpaueriidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 38, 805 - 861. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000045154" type="journal article" year="2004">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 2004</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D4F489B22CC17BE2" author="Vervoort" box="[151,211,931,955]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2009) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Bransfield Strait area (Antarctica) collected by Brazilian expeditions, with the description of a new species. Polar Biology, 32, 83 - 92. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 008 - 0506 - 0" type="journal article" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D4BD89B22DAA7BE2" author="Pena" box="[222,440,931,955]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2008) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Spanish Antarctic expedition Bentart 95. Polar Biology, 31, 451 - 464. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 007 - 0371 - 2" type="journal article" year="2008">Peña Cantero 2008</bibRefCitation>
), February (Peña Cantero 2013), March, April and December (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D01E89B22CC67B86" author="Pena" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2004) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Kirchenpaueriidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 38, 805 - 861. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000045154" type="journal article" year="2004">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371655B282E7C33D4A489FB2E027CEE" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD436D0282E7C33D4A489FB2E027CEE" blockId="37.[151,1436,786,1207]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D4A489FB2D727C5A" bold="true" box="[199,352,1002,1027]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Distribution.</emphasis>
West
<collectingCountry id="F37C7640282E7C33D5C489FB2E1D7C5A" box="[423,527,1002,1027]" name="Antarctica" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D67C89FA2F917C5A" author="Pena" box="[543,899,1003,1027]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2004) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Kirchenpaueriidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 38, 805 - 861. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000045154" type="journal article" year="2004">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 2004</bibRefCitation>
), being known from the South
<collectingCountry id="F37C7640282E7C33D08189FB29897C5A" box="[1250,1435,1002,1027]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Shetland Islands</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D4FD8E1F2D757C7E" author="Stepanjants" box="[158,359,1038,1063]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Hydroids of the antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological Results of the Soviet Antarctic Expeditions, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 20 (30), pp. 1 - 200, pls. 1 - 25. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1979">Stepanjants 1979</bibRefCitation>
, Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282E7C33D67D8E1E2E417C7E" box="[542,595,1038,1063]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">et al</emphasis>
. 1995;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D6D08E1E28377C7E" author="Pena" box="[691,1061,1039,1063]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2004) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Kirchenpaueriidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 38, 805 - 861. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000045154" type="journal article" year="2004">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 2004</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D0568E1E28627C7E" author="Vervoort" box="[1077,1136,1039,1063]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2009) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Bransfield Strait area (Antarctica) collected by Brazilian expeditions, with the description of a new species. Polar Biology, 32, 83 - 92. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 008 - 0506 - 0" type="journal article" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D0E28E1E29767C7E" author="Pena" box="[1153,1380,1039,1063]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2008) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Spanish Antarctic expedition Bentart 95. Polar Biology, 31, 451 - 464. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 007 - 0371 - 2" type="journal article" year="2008">Peña Cantero 2008</bibRefCitation>
), off Deception
<collectingCountry id="F37C7640282E7C33D5778E232D4A7C12" box="[276,344,1074,1099]" name="Iceland" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Island</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D50A8E222E5B7C12" author="Pena" box="[361,585,1075,1099]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2008) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Spanish Antarctic expedition Bentart 95. Polar Biology, 31, 451 - 464. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 007 - 0371 - 2" type="journal article" year="2008">Peña Cantero 2008</bibRefCitation>
), off Low
<collectingCountry id="F37C7640282E7C33D6A68E232F1B7C12" box="[709,777,1074,1099]" name="Iceland" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Island</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D7788E2328797C12" author="Blanco" box="[795,1131,1074,1099]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Blanco, O. M. &amp; De Redolatti, L. I. L. (1977) Gonangios en Oswaldella billardi Briggs. Contribuciones del Instituto antartico argentino, 207, 1 - 8, pls. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1977">
Blanco &amp;
<collectingCountry id="F37C7640282E7C33D7F68E222FA47C13" box="[917,950,1075,1098]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">De</collectingCountry>
Redolatti 1977
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D01A8E222CC17C36" author="Pena" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2009) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Bransfield Strait area (Antarctica) collected by Brazilian expeditions, with the description of a new species. Polar Biology, 32, 83 - 92. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 008 - 0506 - 0" type="journal article" year="2009">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 2009</bibRefCitation>
; Peña Cantero 2013), from Palmer Archipelago and the South
<collectingCountry id="F37C7640282E7C33D7D78E4728737C36" box="[948,1121,1110,1135]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Orkney Islands</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D0178E462CC17CCA" author="Pena" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2004) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Kirchenpaueriidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 38, 805 - 861. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000045154" type="journal article" year="2004">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 2004</bibRefCitation>
), and off
<collectingCountry id="F37C7640282E7C33D55C8E6B2DBD7CCA" box="[319,431,1146,1171]" name="Argentina" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Argentine</collectingCountry>
<collectingCountry id="F37C7640282E7C33D5D58E6B2DE87CCA" box="[438,506,1146,1171]" name="Iceland" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Island</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D6698E6A2F7E7CCA" author="Pena" box="[522,876,1147,1171]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2004) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Kirchenpaueriidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 38, 805 - 861. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000045154" type="journal article" year="2004">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 2004</bibRefCitation>
) and Bransfield
<collectingCountry id="F37C7640282E7C33D04B8E6B287E7CCA" box="[1064,1132,1146,1171]" name="Iceland" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Island</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282E7C33D01F8E6A2CC17CEE" author="Pena" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2009) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Bransfield Strait area (Antarctica) collected by Brazilian expeditions, with the description of a new species. Polar Biology, 32, 83 - 92. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 008 - 0506 - 0" type="journal article" year="2009">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 2009</bibRefCitation>
), in the
<collectingCountry id="F37C7640282E7C33D54F8E8F2D867CEE" box="[300,404,1182,1207]" name="Antarctica" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
Peninsula.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>