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<document id="0483B8CEABB61907BB6058A5FA2DC363" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4750.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="226b65ae-c038-4bd6-9cd8-e52b63672813" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3702823" ID-ZooBank="A4901CAE-B053-4FE3-AECA-A7C1DF74B895" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1583849157361" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Mal, Ahmad O. &amp; Alpermann, Tilman J." docDate="2020" docId="03C23C59FFF8F92B53F9FD37FA73F79A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4750.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4750 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ophichthus Ahl 1789" docType="key" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="FFFB4421FFFAF928536EFF87FFEFF220" masterDocTitle="Description of a new snake eel Ophichthus olivaceus (Teleostei: Anguilliformes Ophichthidae) from the Red Sea" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="31" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1698726652692" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="8F48AEC587371A8742477A7EF56E9BB9">Description of a new snake eel Ophichthus olivaceus (Teleostei: Anguilliformes Ophichthidae) from the Red Sea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="08AFC64562F5734F8CBEB3B942C17119">Bogorodsky, Sergey V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="96E880CF77A44E5C5A0C1613F2AD72A8">Mal, Ahmad O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B2439918F702C96A410DDEDC129F9B0F">Alpermann, Tilman J.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03C23C59FFF8F92B53F9FD37FA73F79A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3706323" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162481300" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3706323" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C23C59FFF8F92B53F9FD37FA73F79A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C23C59FFF8F92B53F9FD37FA73F79A" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<subSubSection id="C371DEC4FFF8F92A53F9FD37FAC4F62E" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF8F92A53F9FD37FCF8F0EB" blockId="2.[151,791,688,715]" box="[151,791,688,715]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<heading id="D09C3A23FFF8F92A53F9FD37FCF8F0EB" bold="true" box="[151,791,688,715]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A53F9FD37FCF8F0EB" bold="true" box="[151,791,688,715]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
Key to selected Indian Ocean species of
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF8F92A51E7FD37FCF8F0EB" ID-CoL="68PZ" ID-ENA="54917" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1789" box="[649,791,688,715]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A51E7FD37FCF8F0EB" bold="true" box="[649,791,688,715]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Ophichthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF8F92A53F9FD7FFAC4F62E" blockId="2.[151,1437,760,1039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
This key is based primarily on McCosker (in press). Many western Pacific species of
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF8F92A573CFD7FFB3CF132" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1789" box="[1106,1235,760,786]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A573CFD7FFB3CF132" box="[1106,1235,760,786]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Ophichthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
co-occur with Indian Ocean congeners, however, they are excluded here unless they are also known from the Indian Ocean; a worldwide revision of this large genus is needed. As well, several species are currently assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF8F92A57ABFCC7FAB2F17A" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1856" box="[1221,1373,832,858]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Pisodonophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A57ABFCC7FAB2F17A" box="[1221,1373,832,858]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Pisodonophis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or to
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF8F92A53F9FCE3FEF7F15E" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1789" box="[151,280,868,894]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A53F9FCE3FEF7F15E" box="[151,280,868,894]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Ophichthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and their status will also require a revision of those genera. In this key we cautiously treat
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF8F92A566AFCE3FE76F182" authority="(Hamilton 1822)" baseAuthorityName="Hamilton" baseAuthorityYear="1822" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Pisodonophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hijala">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A566AFCE3FF37F182" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Pisodonophis hijala</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAF0BEFFF8F92A5388FC0FFE7EF182" author="Hamilton, F." box="[230,401,904,930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refId="ref11301" refString="Hamilton, F. (1822) An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches. Printed for A. Constable and company, Edinburgh &amp; London, 405 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59540" type="book" year="1822">Hamilton 1822</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
as a species of
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF8F92A512DFC0FFD2BF182" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1789" box="[579,708,904,930]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A512DFC0FFD2BF182" box="[579,708,904,930]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Ophichthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, recognizing that it may well be a species of
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF8F92A57D8FC0FFAA1F182" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1856" box="[1206,1358,904,930]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Pisodonophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A57D8FC0FFAA1F182" box="[1206,1358,904,930]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Pisodonophis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and is a possible synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF8F92A52F4FC2AFCFBF1E6" authority="(Richardson 1848)" baseAuthorityName="Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[410,788,940,966]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Pisodonophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cancrivorus">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A52F4FC2AFDD3F1E6" box="[410,572,941,966]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">P. cancrivorus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAF0BEFFF8F92A5124FC2BFCE3F1E6" author="Richardson, J." box="[586,780,940,966]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" pagination="75 - 139" refId="ref13130" refString="Richardson, J. (1848) Ichthyology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus &amp; Terror, under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross, R. N., F. R. S. In: Richardson, J. &amp; Gray, J. E. (Eds.), The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus &amp; Terror, under the command of Captain Sir J. C. Ross, R. N., F. R. S., during the years 1839 to 1843. Vol. 2. E. W. Janson, London, pp. 75 - 139." type="book chapter" year="1848">Richardson 1848</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAF0BEFFF8F92A5021FC2BFB9CF1E6" author="Talwar, P. K. &amp; Jhingran, A. G." box="[847,1139,940,966]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refId="ref13605" refString="Talwar, P. K. &amp; Jhingran, A. G. (1991) Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Oxford &amp; IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta, 1158 pp." type="book" year="1991">Talwar &amp; Jhingran (1991)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAF0BEFFF8F92A57C4FC2BFAB0F1E6" author="Kottelat, M." box="[1194,1375,940,966]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 663" refId="ref11885" refString="Kottelat, M. (2013) The fishes of the inland waters of southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 27, 1 - 663." type="journal article" year="2013">Kottelat (2013))</bibRefCitation>
. Mc- Cosker reported (in press) that “The status of this species remains uncertain, as the
<typeStatus id="54D033EDFFF8F92A5745FC56FBB4F1CB" box="[1067,1115,977,1003]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">type</typeStatus>
specimens are lost. Recently collected specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F37CCDDFFFF8F92A52D2FC72FDC6F62F" box="[444,553,1013,1039]" name="Myanmar" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
(two from the
<collectingRegion id="49AF43ADFFF8F92A51BFFC73FCABF62E" box="[721,836,1012,1038]" country="Myanmar" name="Ayeyawady" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Irrawaddy</collectingRegion>
River) fit Hamiltons original description.”
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<keyStep id="309F95EAFFF8F92A53F9FBBEFA73F6A8" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF8F92A53F9FBBEFA72F64C" blockId="2.[151,1437,1081,2041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF8F92A53F9FBBEFA72F64C" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
1a Body with one row of pale spots along lateral line (
<collectingCountry id="F37CCDDFFFF8F92A51A0FBBEFCECF66F" box="[718,771,1081,1103]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">India</collectingCountry>
, shallow freshwater, brackish and marine)...................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF8F92A57F6FBD1FA72F64C" ID-CoL="4J8XB" authority="(Hamilton 1822)" baseAuthorityName="Hamilton" baseAuthorityYear="1822" box="[1176,1437,1110,1132]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Pisodonophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hijala">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A57F6FBD1FA72F64C" bold="true" box="[1176,1437,1110,1132]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A57F6FBD1FB00F64C" bold="true" box="[1176,1263,1110,1132]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">O. hijala</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAF0BEFFF8F92A5795FBD1FA7AF64C" author="Hamilton, F." box="[1275,1429,1110,1132]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refId="ref11301" refString="Hamilton, F. (1822) An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches. Printed for A. Constable and company, Edinburgh &amp; London, 405 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59540" type="book" year="1822">Hamilton 1822</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF8F92A53F9FBF4FA73F6A8" blockId="2.[151,1437,1081,2041]" box="[151,1436,1139,1161]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF8F92A53F9FBF4FA73F6A8" box="[151,1436,1139,1161]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
1b Body lacks a row of pale spots along lateral line.............................................................
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A56FEFBF4FA73F6A8" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,1139,1160]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">2</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309F95EAFFF8F92A53F9FB16FA73F6DE" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF8F92A53F9FB16FA73F6E3" blockId="2.[151,1437,1081,2041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF8F92A53F9FB16FA73F6E3" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
2a Head and body pale, with dark saddles or with 23 rows of dark or ocellated spots; pectoral fins rounded, not elongate; jaw teeth uniserial............................................................................................
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A56FEFB29FA73F6E3" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,1198,1219]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">3</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF8F92A53F9FB4CFA73F6DE" blockId="2.[151,1437,1081,2041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF8F92A53F9FB4CFA73F6DE" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
2b Head and body coloration uniform, may be darker dorsally, but without spots or saddles; pectoral fins either rounded or attenuate and elongate; jaw teeth in one to three rows.............................................................
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A56FEFB6EFA73F6DE" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,1257,1278]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">7</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309F95EAFFF8F92A53F9FA81FA73F719" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF8F92A53F9FA81FA73F73B" blockId="2.[151,1437,1081,2041]" box="[151,1436,1286,1308]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF8F92A53F9FA81FA73F73B" box="[151,1436,1286,1308]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
3a Head and body with numerous dark or ocellated spots, not appearing as saddles...................................
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A56FEFA81FA73F73B" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,1286,1307]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">4</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF8F92A53F9FAA4FA73F719" blockId="2.[151,1437,1081,2041]" box="[151,1436,1315,1337]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF8F92A53F9FAA4FA73F719" box="[151,1436,1315,1337]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
3b Body lacks spots, but head variously with spots and saddles....................................................
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A56FEFAA3FA73F719" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,1316,1337]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">5</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309F95EAFFF8F92A53F9FAC6FA73F78E" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF8F92A53F9FAC6FA73F753" blockId="2.[151,1437,1081,2041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF8F92A53F9FAC6FA73F753" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
4a Head and body with numerous ocellated spots, those on body in 23 regular, alternating rows of spots separated by wide pale interspaces (East Africa to
<collectingRegion id="49AF43ADFFF8F92A528AFAD9FD78F754" box="[484,663,1374,1396]" country="French Polynesia" name="Iles Marquises" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Marquesas Islands</collectingRegion>
)....................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF8F92A5738FAD9FA73F753" ID-CoL="49VJD" authority="Bleeker 1864" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1864" box="[1110,1436,1374,1396]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyophthalmus">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A5738FAD9FA73F753" bold="true" box="[1110,1436,1374,1396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A5738FAD9FAFDF754" bold="true" box="[1110,1298,1374,1396]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">O. polyophthalmus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAF0BEFFF8F92A5676FAD9FA73F753" author="Bleeker, P." box="[1304,1436,1374,1395]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refId="ref10669" refString="Bleeker, P. (1864) Atlas ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Neerlandaises, publie sous les auspices du Gouvernement colonial neerlandaises. Tome IV. Murenes, Synbranches, Leptocephales. Vol. 4. Frederic Muller, Amsterdam, 132 pp." type="book" year="1864">Bleeker 1864</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF8F92A53F9FAFCFA73F78E" blockId="2.[151,1437,1081,2041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF8F92A53F9FAFCFA73F78E" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
4b Head and body with numerous dark spots, those on body in 2 irregular rows of large and small spots, largest spots about equal in size to interspaces (Red Sea and South Africa to Japan)..........................
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A5727FA1EFA73F78E" bold="true" box="[1097,1436,1432,1454]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF8F92A5727FA1EFB71F78E" ID-CoL="49VGW" baseAuthorityName="Jordan &amp; Snyder" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[1097,1182,1432,1454]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erabo">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A5727FA1EFB71F78E" bold="true" box="[1097,1182,1432,1454]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">O. erabo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAF0BEFFF8F92A57C4FA1FFA7AF78E" author="Jordan, D. S. &amp; Snyder, J. O." box="[1194,1429,1432,1454]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" pagination="837 - 890" refId="ref11617" refString="Jordan, D. S. &amp; Snyder, J. O. (1901) A review of the apodal fishes or eels of Japan, with descriptions of nineteen new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 23 (1239), 837 - 890. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.23 - 1239.837" type="journal article" year="1901">
<collectingCountry id="F37CCDDFFFF8F92A57C4FA1FFB1AF78E" box="[1194,1269,1432,1454]" name="Jordan" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Jordan</collectingCountry>
&amp; Snyder 1901
</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309F95EAFFF8F92A53F9FA31FA73F426" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF8F92A53F9FA31FA72F7C9" blockId="2.[151,1437,1081,2041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF8F92A53F9FA31FA72F7C9" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
5a Body with 1827 prominent dark saddles or bars, including a conspicuous wide saddle above gill opening, anterior head with golden to orange spots (East Africa to the Society Islands)................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF8F92A57F4FA54FA72F7C9" ID-CoL="49VGB" authority="(Kaup 1856)" baseAuthorityName="Kaup" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[1178,1437,1491,1513]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bonaparti">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A57F4FA54FA72F7C9" bold="true" box="[1178,1437,1491,1513]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A57F4FA54FAF8F7C9" bold="true" box="[1178,1303,1491,1513]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">O. bonaparti</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAF0BEFFF8F92A564DFA54FA7AF7C9" author="Kaup, J. J." box="[1315,1429,1491,1513]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" pagination="41 - 77" refId="ref11764" refString="Kaup, J. J. (1856) Uebersicht der Aale. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 22 (1), 41 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 11240" type="journal article" year="1856">Kaup 1856</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF8F92A53F9FA77FA73F426" blockId="2.[151,1437,1081,2041]" box="[151,1436,1520,1543]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF8F92A53F9FA77FA73F426" box="[151,1436,1520,1543]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
5b Color not as described above........................................................................... ..
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A56FEFA76FA73F426" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,1521,1542]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">6</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309F95EAFFF8F92A53F9F989FA72F4B9" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF8F92A53F9F989FA73F460" blockId="2.[151,1437,1081,2041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF8F92A53F9F989FA73F460" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
6a Head with an obvious broad brown or black saddle and two pale bands; trunk and tail uniformly brown (
<collectingCountry id="F37CCDDFFFF8F92A57D9F989FAF9F403" box="[1207,1302,1550,1571]" name="Myanmar" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
to the Society Islands)......................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF8F92A5717F9ACFA73F460" ID-CoL="49VGJ" authority="Bleeker 1864" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1864" box="[1145,1436,1579,1601]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cephalozona">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A5717F9ACFA73F460" bold="true" box="[1145,1436,1579,1601]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A5717F9ACFAFDF461" bold="true" box="[1145,1298,1579,1601]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">O. cephalozona</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAF0BEFFF8F92A5676F9ABFA73F460" author="Bleeker, P." box="[1304,1436,1579,1601]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refId="ref10669" refString="Bleeker, P. (1864) Atlas ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Neerlandaises, publie sous les auspices du Gouvernement colonial neerlandaises. Tome IV. Murenes, Synbranches, Leptocephales. Vol. 4. Frederic Muller, Amsterdam, 132 pp." type="book" year="1864">Bleeker 1864</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF8F92A53F9F9CEFA72F4B9" blockId="2.[151,1437,1081,2041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF8F92A53F9F9CEFA72F4B9" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
6b Dorsal surface of head and gill basket brownish black; dorsal surface of trunk and tail overlain with brown irregular blotches and saddles, ventral surface distinctly pale (India and Myanmar to Japan and Australia)..................................................................................................
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A5769F904FA72F4B9" bold="true" box="[1031,1437,1667,1689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF8F92A5769F904FB9FF4B9" ID-CoL="49VHK" baseAuthorityName="Jordan &amp; Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1031,1136,1667,1689]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lithinus">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A5769F904FB9FF4B9" bold="true" box="[1031,1136,1667,1689]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">O. lithinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAF0BEFFF8F92A5713F904FA7AF4B9" author="Jordan, D. S. &amp; Richardson, R. E." box="[1149,1429,1667,1689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" pagination="233 - 287" refId="ref11572" refString="Jordan, D. S. &amp;. Richardson, R. E. (1908) Fishes from islands of the Philippine Archipelago. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, 27 (640), 233 - 287. [for 1907]" type="journal article" year="1908">
<collectingCountry id="F37CCDDFFFF8F92A5713F904FB27F4B9" box="[1149,1224,1667,1689]" name="Jordan" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Jordan</collectingCountry>
&amp; Richardson 1908
</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309F95EAFFF8F92A53F9F926FA73F4F3" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF8F92A53F9F926FA73F496" blockId="2.[151,1437,1081,2041]" box="[151,1436,1697,1719]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF8F92A53F9F926FA73F496" box="[151,1436,1697,1719]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
7a Body elongate to extremely elongate, its depth behind gill openings&gt;
<quantity id="4C9320AAFFF8F92A5010F926FC5FF497" box="[894,944,1697,1719]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="in" value="40.0">40 in</quantity>
TL.....................................
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A56FEF926FA73F496" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,1697,1718]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">8</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF8F92A53F9F939FA73F4F3" blockId="2.[151,1437,1081,2041]" box="[151,1436,1726,1748]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF8F92A53F9F939FA73F4F3" box="[151,1436,1726,1748]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
7b Body stout to moderately elongate, its depth behind gill openings &lt;
<quantity id="4C9320AAFFF8F92A5009F939FC76F4F4" box="[871,921,1726,1748]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="in" value="40.0">40 in</quantity>
TL.................................... ..
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A56EAF939FA73F4F3" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1726,1747]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">12</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309F95EAFFF8F92A53F9F95CFA73F50B" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF8F92A53F9F95CFA72F52E" blockId="2.[151,1437,1081,2041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF8F92A53F9F95CFA72F52E" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
8a Dorsal-fin origin above or slightly behind pectoral-fin tip; tail length
<quantity id="4C9320AAFFF8F92A50E8F95CFC07F4D1" box="[902,1000,1755,1777]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" metricValueMax="4.064" metricValueMin="3.5559999999999996" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="in" value="1.5" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.4">1.41.6 in</quantity>
TL; teeth uniserial; vertebrae&gt;220 (
<collectingCountry id="F37CCDDFFFF8F92A563EF95CFA6CF4D1" box="[1360,1411,1755,1777]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">India</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F37CCDDFFFF8F92A538CF97EFEC2F52F" box="[226,301,1785,1807]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
)..................................................................... ..
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF8F92A5710F97EFA72F52E" ID-CoL="49VHN" authority="(Bleeker 1852)" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[1150,1437,1784,1806]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrochir">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A5710F97EFA72F52E" bold="true" box="[1150,1437,1784,1806]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A5710F97EFAEDF52E" bold="true" box="[1150,1282,1784,1806]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">O. macrochir</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAF0BEFFF8F92A5660F97FFA7AF52E" author="Bleeker, P." box="[1294,1429,1784,1806]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref10630" refString="Bleeker, P. (1852) Bijdrage tot de kennis der Muraenoiden en Symbranchoiden van den Indischen Archipel. Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, 25 (5), 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1852">Bleeker 1852</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF8F92A53F9F891FA73F50B" blockId="2.[151,1437,1081,2041]" box="[151,1436,1814,1836]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF8F92A53F9F891FA73F50B" box="[151,1436,1814,1836]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
8b Dorsal-fin origin distinctly behind pectoral-fin tip; tail length
<quantity id="4C9320AAFFF8F92A505DF891FC7BF50C" box="[819,916,1814,1836]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.318" metricValueMax="4.572" metricValueMin="4.064" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="in" value="1.7" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.6">1.61.8 in</quantity>
TL; teeth biserial or triserial; vertebrae &lt;220......
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A56FEF891FA73F50B" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,1814,1835]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">9</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309F95EAFFF8F92A53F9F8B4FA72F546" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF8F92A53F9F8B4FA73F568" blockId="2.[151,1437,1081,2041]" box="[151,1436,1843,1865]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF8F92A53F9F8B4FA73F568" box="[151,1436,1843,1865]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
9a Body very elongate, depth at gill openings
<quantity id="4C9320AAFFF8F92A5111F8B4FD3BF569" box="[639,724,1843,1865]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8161" metricValueMax="2.286" metricValueMin="1.3462" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="in" value="71.5" valueMax="90.0" valueMin="53.0">5390 in</quantity>
TL; vertebrae 206214......................................
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A56EAF8B4FA73F568" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1843,1864]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">10</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF8F92A53F9F8D6FA72F546" blockId="2.[151,1437,1081,2041]" box="[151,1437,1872,1895]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF8F92A53F9F8D6FA72F546" box="[151,1437,1872,1895]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
9b Body moderately elongate, depth at gill openings
<quantity id="4C9320AAFFF8F92A51AEF8D7FCFAF547" box="[704,789,1872,1895]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2192" metricValueMax="1.3462" metricValueMin="1.0922" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="in" value="48.0" valueMax="53.0" valueMin="43.0">4353 in</quantity>
TL; vertebrae 156186................................
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A56E8F8D6FA72F546" bold="true" box="[1414,1437,1873,1894]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">11</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309F95EAFFF8F92A53F9F8E9FA73F59E" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF8F92A53F9F8E9FA73F5A3" blockId="2.[151,1437,1081,2041]" box="[151,1436,1902,1924]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF8F92A53F9F8E9FA73F5A3" box="[151,1436,1902,1924]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
10a Head length
<quantity id="4C9320AAFFF8F92A5232F8E9FE7CF5A4" box="[348,403,1902,1924]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.651" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="in" value="6.5">6.5 in</quantity>
trunk length; maxillary teeth in 3 rows; vertebrae 214 (
<collectingCountry id="F37CCDDFFFF8F92A50C9F8E9FC34F5A4" box="[935,987,1902,1924]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">India</collectingCountry>
).............
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF8F92A57E6F8E9FA73F5A3" authority="Day 1878" authorityName="Day" authorityYear="1878" box="[1160,1436,1902,1924]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microcephalus">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A57E6F8E9FA73F5A3" bold="true" box="[1160,1436,1902,1924]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A57E6F8E9FAD8F5A4" bold="true" box="[1160,1335,1902,1924]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">O. microcephalus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAF0BEFFF8F92A5653F8E9FA73F5A3" author="Day, F." box="[1341,1436,1902,1923]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" pagination="553 - 779" refId="ref10872" refString="Day, F. (1878) The fishes of India; being a natural history of the fishes known to inhabit the seas and fresh waters of India, Burma, and Ceylon. Part 4. B. Quaritch, London, 227 pp. [pp. 553 - 779] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 55567" type="book chapter" year="1878">Day 1878</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF8F92A53F9F80CFA73F59E" blockId="2.[151,1437,1081,2041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF8F92A53F9F80CFA73F59E" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
10b Head length
<quantity id="4C9320AAFFF8F92A5232F80CFE52F581" box="[348,445,1931,1953]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4731999999999998" metricValueMax="1.5493999999999999" metricValueMin="1.397" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="in" value="5.8" valueMax="6.1" valueMin="5.5">5.56.1 in</quantity>
trunk length; maxillary teeth in 2 rows anteriorly, in one row posteriorly; vertebrae 206214 (
<collectingCountry id="F37CCDDFFFF8F92A562DF80CFA98F581" box="[1347,1399,1931,1953]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">India</collectingCountry>
)............................................................................
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A570DF82EFA73F59E" bold="true" box="[1123,1436,1960,1982]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF8F92A570DF82EFA7DF59E" ID-CoL="49VGL" authority="Chaudhuri 1916" authorityName="Chaudhuri" authorityYear="1916" box="[1123,1426,1960,1982]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilkensis">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A570DF82EFB0CF59E" bold="true" box="[1123,1251,1960,1982]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">O. chilkensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAF0BEFFF8F92A5787F82FFA7DF59E" author="Chaudhuri, B. L." box="[1257,1426,1960,1982]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" pagination="441 - 458" refId="ref10781" refString="Chaudhuri, B. L. (1916). Fauna of the Chilka Lake. Fish. Part II. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 5 (5), 441 - 458." type="journal article" year="1916">Chaudhuri 1916</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
*
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309F95EAFFF8F92B53F9F841FA73F2C9" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF8F92A53F9F841FA72F5D9" blockId="2.[151,1437,1081,2041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF8F92A53F9F841FA72F5D9" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
11a Dorsal-fin origin half a head length (1.5 pectoral-fin lengths) behind level of gill opening; teeth biserial anteriorly on lower jaw; vertebrae 174186 (western Indian Ocean)...........................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF8F92A57ECF864FA72F5D9" ID-CoL="49VHT" authority="(Peters 1855)" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[1154,1437,2019,2041]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marginatus">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A57ECF864FA72F5D9" bold="true" box="[1154,1437,2019,2041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF8F92A57ECF864FAFFF5D8" bold="true" box="[1154,1296,2019,2040]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">O. marginatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAF0BEFFF8F92A5673F864FA7AF5D9" author="Peters, W." box="[1309,1429,2019,2041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" pagination="428 - 466" refId="ref12973" refString="Peters, W. (1855) Ubersicht der in Mossambique beobachteten Seefische. Bericht uber die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Koniglichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1855, 428 - 466." type="journal article" year="1855">Peters 1855</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF9F92B53F9FF1EFA73F2C9" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1466]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF9F92B53F9FF1EFA73F2C9" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
11b Dorsal-fin origin more than a head length (3 pectoral-fin lengths) behind level of gill opening; teeth uniserial anteriorly on lower jaw, becoming biserial posteriorly; vertebrae 156158 (
<collectingCountry id="F37CCDDFFFF9F92B505FFF30FC8AF2ED" box="[817,869,183,205]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">India</collectingCountry>
)...............................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF9F92B5058FF53FA73F2C9" authority="Mohapatra, Ray, Mohanty &amp; Mishra 2018" authorityName="Mohapatra, Ray, Mohanty &amp; Mishra" authorityYear="2018" box="[822,1436,212,234]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnmccoskeri">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B5058FF53FA73F2C9" bold="true" box="[822,1436,212,234]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B5058FF53FC0BF2CA" bold="true" box="[822,996,212,234]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">O. johnmccoskeri</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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12a Head short, head length
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TL (
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to
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)......................... ...
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF9F92B57F5FF76FA73F326" ID-CoL="49VJV" authority="Seale 1917" authorityName="Seale" authorityYear="1917" box="[1179,1436,241,263]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serpentinus">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B57F5FF76FA73F326" bold="true" box="[1179,1436,241,263]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B57F5FF76FAC4F326" bold="true" box="[1179,1323,241,262]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">O. serpentinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAF0BEFFF9F92B565FFF76FA73F326" author="Seale, A." box="[1329,1436,241,263]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" pagination="79 - 94" refId="ref13337" refString="Seale, A. (1917) New species of apodal fishes. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 61 (4), 79 - 94." type="journal article" year="1917">Seale 1917</bibRefCitation>
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12b Head moderately large, head length &lt;
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TL.............................................................
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B56EAFE88FA73F304" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,271,292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">13</emphasis>
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13a Dorsal-fin origin above or slightly in front of gill openings; dorsal fin greatly elevated; anterior part of dorsal fin, median fin margins and pectoral fins black (southern
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to the Society Islands, and possibly from the Indian Ocean)...........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF9F92B57F6FEE0FA72F35D" ID-CoL="49VFX" authority="(Kaup 1856)" baseAuthorityName="Kaup" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[1176,1437,358,381]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altipennis">
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<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B57F6FEE0FAF8F35C" bold="true" box="[1176,1303,358,380]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">O. altipennis</emphasis>
(
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)
</emphasis>
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13b Dorsal-fin origin above or behind pectoral-fin tips; dorsal fin low or only slightly elevated; pectoral fins and median fins (except near tail tip in some species) of larger specimens pale....................................................
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14a Dorsal-fin origin behind pectoral-fin tip by more than 3 pectoral-fin lengths.....................................
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</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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14b Dorsal-fin origin varying from above pectoral fin to behind pectoral-fin tip by less than 2 pectoral-fin lengths...........
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B56EAFE5BFA73F3D1" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,476,497]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">17</emphasis>
</keyLead>
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<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF9F92B53F9FE7EFA73F00C" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
15a Dorsal-fin origin two head lengths behind level of gill openings; tail length 2.0 in TL; body depth
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TL; vertebrae 153 (
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, depth
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)...............................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF9F92B5763FD90FA73F00C" authority="McCosker &amp; Psomadakis 2018" authorityName="McCosker &amp; Psomadakis" authorityYear="2018" box="[1037,1436,535,557]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="naga">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B5763FD90FA73F00C" bold="true" box="[1037,1436,535,557]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B5763FD90FBB4F00C" bold="true" box="[1037,1115,535,556]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">O. naga</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAF0BEFFF9F92B570FFD90FA73F00C" author="McCosker, J. E. &amp; Psomadakis, P. N." box="[1121,1436,535,557]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" pagination="71 - 83" refId="ref12586" refString="McCosker, J. E. &amp; Psomadakis, P. N. (2018) Snake eels of the genus Ophichthus (Anguilliformes) from Myanmar (Indian Ocean) with the description of two new species. Zootaxa, 4526 (1), 71 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4526.1.5" type="journal article" year="2018">McCosker &amp; Psomadakis 2018</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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15b Dorsal-fin origin about a head length behind level of gill openings; tail length
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TL; body depth
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TL; vertebrae 167178...........................................................................................
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16a Head length 11.0
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TL; 3 preopercular pores; pectoral fins rounded; median fins pale (
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, depth
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)....................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF9F92B57E0FD0BFA73F081" ID-CoL="6SP5G" authority="McCosker 2010" authorityName="McCosker" authorityYear="2010" box="[1166,1436,652,674]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hirritus">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B57E0FD0BFA73F081" bold="true" box="[1166,1436,652,674]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B57E0FD0BFB19F082" bold="true" box="[1166,1270,652,674]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">O. hirritus</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF9F92B53F9FD2EFA73F0FC" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
16b Head length
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TL; 2 preopercular pores; pectoral fins wedge-shaped; median fins pale, anal fin dark basally (
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,
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, and
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, depth
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)...........................
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF9F92B5723FD40FA73F0FC" ID-CoL="49VGC" authority="Karrer 1983" authorityName="Karrer" authorityYear="1983" box="[1101,1436,710,732]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachynotopterus">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B5723FD40FA73F0FC" bold="true" box="[1101,1436,710,732]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B5723FD40FAF8F0FC" bold="true" box="[1101,1303,710,732]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">O. brachynotopterus</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF9F92B53F9FD63FA73F0D9" box="[151,1436,740,762]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
17a Teeth biserial in upper jaw and biserial or partly biserial in lower jaw...........................................
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B56EAFD63FA73F0D9" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,740,761]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">18</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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17b Teeth uniserial in jaws................................................................................
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18a Dorsal-fin origin behind pectoral-fin tip by about 1.5 pectoral-fin length; head moderately large, the length
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TL; teeth in lower jaw uniserial anteriorly, becoming biserial posteriorly and ending as triserial (Andaman Sea, depth
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)................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF9F92B506EFCDEFA73F14E" authority="Sumod, Hibino, Manjabrayakath &amp; Sanjeevan 2019" authorityName="Sumod, Hibino, Manjabrayakath &amp; Sanjeevan" authorityYear="2019" box="[768,1436,857,879]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mccoskeri">
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<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B506EFCDEFC6EF14F" bold="true" box="[768,897,857,879]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">O. mccoskeri</emphasis>
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18b Dorsal-fin origin above pectoral fin; head moderate, the length 8.411.0 in TL; teeth in lower jaw entirely biserial or biserial anteriorly...........................................................................................
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19a Two minute barbels present on upper lip; vomerine and lower jaw teeth in two rows anteriorly; dark gray-brown, paler ventrally, pectoral and median fins black (
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, depth
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)....................
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF9F92B5098FC48FA73F1C4" authority="McCosker &amp; Psomadakis 2018" authorityName="McCosker &amp; Psomadakis" authorityYear="2018" box="[1014,1436,975,997]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nansen">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B5098FC48FA73F1C4" bold="true" box="[1014,1436,975,997]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B5098FC48FBB4F1C4" bold="true" box="[1014,1115,975,996]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">O. nansen</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAF0BEFFF9F92B570FFC48FA73F1C4" author="McCosker, J. E. &amp; Psomadakis, P. N." box="[1121,1436,975,997]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" pagination="71 - 83" refId="ref12586" refString="McCosker, J. E. &amp; Psomadakis, P. N. (2018) Snake eels of the genus Ophichthus (Anguilliformes) from Myanmar (Indian Ocean) with the description of two new species. Zootaxa, 4526 (1), 71 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4526.1.5" type="journal article" year="2018">McCosker &amp; Psomadakis 2018</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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19b No barbels on upper lip; vomerine teeth in a single row, lower jaw teeth entirely in two rows; body and fins mostly pale...
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B56EAFC6BFA73F621" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1004,1025]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">20</emphasis>
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</keyStep>
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<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF9F92B53F9FB8DFA72F61D" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1466]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF9F92B53F9FB8DFA72F61D" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
20a Head length ~
<quantity id="4C9320AAFFF9F92B5202FB8DFE49F63F" box="[364,422,1033,1055]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1336" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="in" value="8.4">8.4 in</quantity>
TL; median fins pale posteriorly; 3 preopercular pores; pectoral fins rounded; vertebrae 125 (Red Sea, depth
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)................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF9F92B570AFBA0FA72F61D" ID-CoL="74P5H" authority="(D'Ancona 1928)" baseAuthorityName="D'Ancona" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[1124,1437,1062,1085]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="echeloides">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B570AFBA0FA72F61D" bold="true" box="[1124,1437,1062,1085]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B570AFBA0FB06F61C" bold="true" box="[1124,1257,1062,1084]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">O. echeloides</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAF0BEFFF9F92B579BFBA0FA7AF61D" author="D'Ancona, U." box="[1269,1429,1063,1085]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 146" refId="ref10817" refString="D'Ancona, U. (1928) Murenoidi (Apodes) del Mar Rosso e del Golfo di Aden. Materiali raccolti dal Prof. Luigi Sanzo nella Campagna della R. N. &quot; Ammiraglio Magnaghi &quot; 1923 - 24. Memoria, Reale Comitato Talassografico Italiano, 146, 1 - 146." type="journal article" year="1928">DAncona 1928</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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20b Head length 9.911.0 in TL; 2 preopercular pores; pectoral fins attenuate (slender); vertebrae 139189................
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B56EAFBC3FA73F679" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1092,1113]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">21</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309F95EAFFF9F92B53F9FBE5FA73F6EE" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF9F92B53F9FBE5FA73F6B4" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1466]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF9F92B53F9FBE5FA73F6B4" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
21a Tail length
<quantity id="4C9320AAFFF9F92B5223FBE6FE41F657" box="[333,430,1121,1143]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.191" metricValueMax="4.318" metricValueMin="4.064" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="in" value="1.65" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.6">1.61.7 in</quantity>
TL; eyes moderate in size,
<quantity id="4C9320AAFFF9F92B51DCFBE6FCFCF657" box="[690,787,1121,1143]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9812" metricValueMax="2.2098" metricValueMin="1.7526" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="in" value="7.8" valueMax="8.7" valueMin="6.9">6.98.7 in</quantity>
head length; anal fin pale overall; vertebrae 139147 (
<collectingCountry id="F37CCDDFFFF9F92B5677FBE6FA9BF657" box="[1305,1396,1121,1143]" name="Maldives" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Maldives</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F37CCDDFFFF9F92B538CFBF8FE96F6B5" box="[226,377,1151,1173]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
, depth
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)...................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF9F92B57CDFBF8FA73F6B4" ID-CoL="49VH6" authority="McCosker 1999" authorityName="McCosker" authorityYear="1999" box="[1187,1436,1151,1173]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="genie">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B57CDFBF8FA73F6B4" bold="true" box="[1187,1436,1151,1173]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B57CDFBF8FB19F6B4" bold="true" box="[1187,1270,1151,1172]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">O. genie</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAF0BEFFF9F92B5792FBF8FA73F6B4" author="McCosker, J. E." box="[1276,1436,1151,1173]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" pagination="571 - 588" refId="ref12123" refString="McCosker, J. E. (1999) Pisces Anguilliformes: deepwater snake eels (Ophichthidae) from the New Caledonia region, southwest Pacific Ocean. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, New Series, Serie A, Zoologie, 180, 571 - 588." type="journal article" year="1999">McCosker 1999</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF9F92B53F9FB1BFA73F6EE" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1466]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF9F92B53F9FB1BFA73F6EE" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
21b Tail length
<quantity id="4C9320AAFFF9F92B523EFB1BFE5DF692" box="[336,434,1180,1202]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.445" metricValueMax="4.572" metricValueMin="4.318" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="in" value="1.75" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.7">1.71.8 in</quantity>
TL; eyes large,
<quantity id="4C9320AAFFF9F92B513EFB1BFD5DF692" box="[592,690,1180,1202]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" metricValueMax="1.6764" metricValueMin="1.3716" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="in" value="6.0" valueMax="6.6" valueMin="5.4">5.46.6 in</quantity>
head length; anal fin mostly pale, but becoming black near tail tip; vertebrae 166189 (
<collectingCountry id="F37CCDDFFFF9F92B522CFB3EFE45F6EF" box="[322,426,1209,1231]" name="Seychelles" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
to Marquesas Islands, depth
<quantity id="4C9320AAFFF9F92B51ACFB3DFCDFF6EF" box="[706,816,1210,1231]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6149999999999998" metricValueMax="4.2299999999999995" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="361.5" valueMax="423.0" valueMin="300.0">300423 m</quantity>
).............................
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF9F92B57F4FB3EFA73F6EE" ID-CoL="49VK6" authority="McCosker 2010" authorityName="McCosker" authorityYear="2010" box="[1178,1436,1209,1231]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tomioi">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B57F4FB3EFA73F6EE" bold="true" box="[1178,1436,1209,1231]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B57F4FB3EFB19F6EE" bold="true" box="[1178,1270,1209,1230]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">O. tomioi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAF0BEFFF9F92B5792FB3EFA73F6EE" author="McCosker, J. E." box="[1276,1436,1209,1231]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref12174" refString="McCosker, J. E. (2010) Deepwater Indo-Pacific species of the snake-eel genus Ophichthus (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae), with the description of nine new species. Zootaxa, 2505 (1), 1 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2505.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">McCosker 2010</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309F95EAFFF9F92B53F9FB50FA73F729" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF9F92B53F9FB50FA73F6CC" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1466]" box="[151,1436,1238,1261]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF9F92B53F9FB50FA73F6CC" box="[151,1436,1238,1261]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
22a Head large, its length
<quantity id="4C9320AAFFF9F92B52DBFB50FDF9F6CD" box="[437,534,1239,1261]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7526" metricValueMax="1.8034" metricValueMin="1.7018" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="in" value="6.9" valueMax="7.1" valueMin="6.7">6.77.1 in</quantity>
TL; vertebrae 130132 (Gulf of Aden, depth
<quantity id="4C9320AAFFF9F92B50A2FB50FBD5F6CC" box="[972,1082,1239,1261]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.29" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.58" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="329.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="258.0">258400 m</quantity>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF9F92B5738FB50FA73F6CC" ID-CoL="49VHD" authority="McCosker 2010" authorityName="McCosker" authorityYear="2010" box="[1110,1436,1238,1261]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ishiyamorum">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B5738FB50FA73F6CC" bold="true" box="[1110,1436,1238,1261]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B5738FB50FB19F6CC" bold="true" box="[1110,1270,1238,1260]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">O. ishiyamorum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAF0BEFFF9F92B5792FB50FA73F6CC" author="McCosker, J. E." box="[1276,1436,1239,1261]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref12174" refString="McCosker, J. E. (2010) Deepwater Indo-Pacific species of the snake-eel genus Ophichthus (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae), with the description of nine new species. Zootaxa, 2505 (1), 1 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2505.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">McCosker 2010</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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22b Head length 8.411.0 in TL; vertebrae 136156........................................................... ..
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B56EAFB73FA73F729" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1268,1289]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">23</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF9F92B53F9FA95FA73F764" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1466]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
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23a Tail length slightly shorter than head and trunk, its length
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TL; vomerine teeth uniserial (Red Sea, depth
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)..................................................................
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B50A8FAA8FA73F764" bold="true" box="[966,1436,1326,1349]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF9F92B50A8FAA8FAA6F764" authority="McCosker &amp; Bogorodsky" authorityName="McCosker &amp; Bogorodsky" authorityYear="2020" box="[966,1353,1326,1349]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olivaceus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B50A8FAA8FBD0F764" bold="true" box="[966,1087,1326,1348]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">O. olivaceus</emphasis>
McCosker &amp; Bogorodsky
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22CEC26FFF9F92B563EFAA8FA73F764" box="[1360,1436,1327,1348]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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23b Tail length longer than head and trunk, its length
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TL; vomerine teeth generally biserial....................
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B56EAFACBFA73F741" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1356,1377]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">24</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF9F92B53F9FAEDFA73F75F" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1466]" box="[151,1436,1385,1407]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF9F92B53F9FAEDFA73F75F" box="[151,1436,1385,1407]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
24a Vertebrae 150161; head coloration uniform (
<collectingCountry id="F37CCDDFFFF9F92B51F7FAEEFD21F75F" box="[665,718,1385,1407]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37CCDDFFFF9F92B51B9FAEEFCCFF75F" box="[727,800,1385,1407]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37CCDDFFFF9F92B5044FAEDFC8DF75F" box="[810,866,1386,1407]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Japan</collectingCountry>
).........
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF9F92B508CFAEEFA6BF75E" authority="McCosker, Ide &amp; Endo 2012" authorityName="McCosker, Ide &amp; Endo" authorityYear="2012" box="[994,1412,1385,1407]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="machidai">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B508CFAEEFA6BF75E" bold="true" box="[994,1412,1385,1407]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B508CFAEEFBB3F75F" bold="true" box="[994,1116,1385,1407]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">O. machidai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAF0BEFFF9F92B570CFAEEFA6BF75E" author="McCosker, J. E. &amp; Ide, S. &amp; Endo, H." box="[1122,1412,1385,1407]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref12532" refString="McCosker, J. E., Ide, S. &amp; Endo, H. (2012). Three new species of ophichthid eels (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) from Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series A, Supplement 6, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2012">McCosker, Ide &amp; Endo 2012</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
**
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD48D4FFFF9F92B53F9FA00FA73F79A" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1466]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<keyLead id="309A2E7AFFF9F92B53F9FA00FA73F79A" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
24b Vertebrae 136141; snout and lower jaw blackish (East Africa to the
<collectingCountry id="F37CCDDFFFF9F92B5016FA00FC09F7BD" box="[888,998,1415,1437]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Philippines</collectingCountry>
)...................................................................................................
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B508CFA23FA73F79A" bold="true" box="[994,1436,1444,1466]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="4C6BF6CCFFF9F92B508CFA23FBA3F79A" ID-CoL="49VG4" baseAuthorityName="Anonymous [Bennett" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[994,1100,1444,1466]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apicalis">
<emphasis id="B91F515DFFF9F92B508CFA23FBA3F79A" bold="true" box="[994,1100,1444,1466]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">O. apicalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Anonymous [Bennett] 1830)***
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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