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<mods:title id="DBDBFB7A526D07CE9EFE96A99D52009D">The wasp genus Sphex in Sub-Saharan Africa (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F47774045824DF5A7D3CCF8782FA4BA9">Dörfel, Thorleif H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="774A077CE0660179E2B0434AF6D37BD0">Ohl, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5F2C196FA9DCF93C15E2AF94A3E9038E">Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03C20928FF19FF2B42441010385B0F34" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6501771" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195296770" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6501771" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C20928FF19FF2B42441010385B0F34" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C20928FF19FF2B42441010385B0F34" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">
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<paragraph id="8BD4B83EFF19FF2B424410103F850D41" blockId="136.[619,968,264,291]" box="[619,968,264,291]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">
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<emphasis id="B91F642CFF19FF2B424410103F850D41" bold="true" box="[619,968,264,291]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">
Species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF19FF2B433310113F3A0D41" box="[796,887,265,291]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satanas">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF19FF2B433310113F3A0D41" bold="true" box="[796,887,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">satanas</emphasis>
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group
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<subSubSection id="C371EBB5FF19FF2B40921052385B0F34" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD4B83EFF19FF2B40921052393A0DEA" blockId="136.[189,1399,330,392]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">
The
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF19FF2B40D710533D1F0D06" box="[248,338,331,356]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satanas">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF19FF2B40D710533D1F0D06" box="[248,338,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">satanas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group contains the following four species and one subspecies:
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF19FF2B44591052393A0D06" authority="Dörfel &amp; Ohl, 2022" authorityName="Dörfel &amp; Ohl" authorityYear="2022" box="[1142,1399,330,356]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudosatanas" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF19FF2B44591052393A0D06" box="[1142,1399,330,356]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Sphex pseudosatanas</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22CD957FF19FF2B409210763D570DEA" box="[189,282,366,392]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF19FF2B410B10753DAC0DE5" authority="Dörfel &amp; Ohl, 2022" authorityName="Dörfel &amp; Ohl" authorityYear="2022" box="[292,481,365,391]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufoclypeatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF19FF2B410B10753DAC0DE5" box="[292,481,365,391]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">S. rufoclypeatus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22CD957FF19FF2B41C710763E080DEA" box="[488,581,366,392]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF19FF2B426010753E8B0DE5" box="[591,710,365,391]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satanas">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF19FF2B426010753E8B0DE5" box="[591,710,365,391]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">S. satanas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF19FF2B42FB10753FF80DE5" authorityName="Dörfel &amp; Ohl" authorityYear="2022" box="[724,949,365,391]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="satanas" subSpecies="memnon">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF19FF2B42FB10753FF80DE5" box="[724,949,365,391]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">S. satanas memnon</emphasis>
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subsp. nov. and
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF19FF2B44591075395B0DE5" authority="Dörfel &amp; Ohl, 2022" authorityName="Dörfel &amp; Ohl" authorityYear="2022" box="[1142,1302,365,391]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="socotrensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF19FF2B44591075395B0DE5" box="[1142,1302,365,391]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">S. socotrensis</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22CD957FF19FF2B45321076393A0DEA" box="[1309,1399,366,392]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4B83EFF19FF2B409210AE3E7A0E58" blockId="136.[188,1399,438,570]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">
Females of this group are easy to recognize, as all of them have a very flat scutellum (
<figureCitation id="1350A4BBFF19FF2B449F10AE38B50DB3" box="[1200,1272,438,465]" captionStart="Figs 16. 13" captionStartId="13.[189,241,1893,1919]" captionTargetBox="[200,1398,265,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-74@13.[200,1398,265,1863]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 16. 13. Dorsal view of propodeal setae in different orientation. 4. Lateral view of thoracic dorsum. 56. Lateral view of scutellum and metanotum. 1. Sphex pseudopraedator sp. nov., ♀. 2. S. jansei Cameron, 1910, ♂. 34. S. umtalicus Strand, 1916, ♀. 5. S. rufoclypeatus sp. nov., ♀. 6. S. gaullei Berland, 1927, ♀." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299442/files/figure.png" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). All other female
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF19FF2B413910C13D110D91" baseAuthorityName="Bohart &amp; Menke" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[278,348,473,499]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF19FF2B413910C13D110D91" box="[278,348,473,499]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Sphex</emphasis>
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from the Afrotropical region have a more convex scutellum (
<figureCitation id="1350A4BBFF19FF2B441110C138CA0D96" box="[1086,1159,473,500]" captionStart="Figs 16. 13" captionStartId="13.[189,241,1893,1919]" captionTargetBox="[200,1398,265,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-74@13.[200,1398,265,1863]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 16. 13. Dorsal view of propodeal setae in different orientation. 4. Lateral view of thoracic dorsum. 56. Lateral view of scutellum and metanotum. 1. Sphex pseudopraedator sp. nov., ♀. 2. S. jansei Cameron, 1910, ♂. 34. S. umtalicus Strand, 1916, ♀. 5. S. rufoclypeatus sp. nov., ♀. 6. S. gaullei Berland, 1927, ♀." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299442/files/figure.png" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
), the sole exception being
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF19FF2B412A10E53DD30E74" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1843" box="[261,414,508,535]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paulinierii">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF19FF2B412A10E53DD30E74" box="[261,414,508,535]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">S. paulinierii</emphasis>
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. However, its enormous size, conspicuous coloration and very short propodeal setae make that species unmistakable.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4B83EFF19FF2B40921371385B0F34" blockId="136.[189,1400,617,855]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">
Males in the group are characterized by their uniformly black clypeus (excepting
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF19FF2B4440137139430EE0" authority="Dörfel &amp; Ohl, 2022" authorityName="Dörfel &amp; Ohl" authorityYear="2022" box="[1135,1294,617,643]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="socotrensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF19FF2B4440137139430EE0" box="[1135,1294,617,643]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">S. socotrensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22CD957FF19FF2B45391371393F0EE1" box="[1302,1394,617,643]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, which has the free margin ferruginous) combined with uniformly silvery setae on their entire body. Members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF19FF2B41BD13B73DAE0EAB" authorityName="Berland" authorityYear="1927" box="[402,483,687,713]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaullei">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF19FF2B41BD13B73DAE0EAB" box="[402,483,687,713]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">gaullei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, which share the anteriorly-oriented erect propodeal setae, have a significant amount of the clypeus ferruginously-colored, or their erect setae are not silvery-white. The one exception with a black clypeus and uniformly silvery setae,
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF19FF2B43EC13EE38190F6D" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1817" box="[963,1108,758,784]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruinosus">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF19FF2B43EC13EE38190F6D" box="[963,1108,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">S. pruinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is easily recognized by its long petiole, the length of which is greater than 3 times the medial width (see Introduction). In comparison, that ratio is at most
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all members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF19FF2B434612253F8E0F34" box="[873,963,829,854]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satanas">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF19FF2B434612253F8E0F34" box="[873,963,829,854]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">satanas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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