432 lines
53 KiB
XML
432 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document id="A3945A9A015DFFC22DBAA9A6921D8AC0" ID-CLB-Dataset="45913" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.279281" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6a6204af-9f48-4992-8ec5-ba22c28b8413" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="279281" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460413515392" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Husana, Daniel Edison M., Tan, Swee Hee & Kase, Tomoki" docDate="2011" docId="03C2082FFF81FF8EFF75FB9344A4FCA9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03109p059.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3109" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Samarplax principe Husana, Tan & Kase, 2011, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="FFFB7057FF82FF86FFE2FFAC470EFF91" masterDocTitle="A new genus and species of anchialine Hymenosomatidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) from Samar, Philippines" masterLastPageNumber="59" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1698328222292" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B20DB57C8421170FF7CBA036025C4FDC">
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<mods:title id="9ED86BA1737FD915A2EA5AD63C4764F8">A new genus and species of anchialine Hymenosomatidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) from Samar, Philippines</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="BAAF5ADE6F587F92D894B49324EBDAF0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B6879163685625C5A8301CEA2805299B">Husana, Daniel Edison M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AED329EE9DBC36F26BDC2167D3FCE1E3">Tan, Swee Hee</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="EA341AFEB58D8BC9E2F57DA856CD42C0" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="44014BAA88E6881120B74518BA28654F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D54333B8F74B86EF63FFE16DAF67ADFF">Kase, Tomoki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="88FA5E352F42D49BF00CF664919C795E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3F45D692DD2899C37D703B2A0B503F40">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6CC835D8F0AC5915B897864DE13C60E0">
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<mods:date id="9AFBF4A04A460D77FE729FFF03604EB8">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E2E85B7D7371AA4B9C4ED873E758E229" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="4F476BB9D7B400849885A91086D96F98">3109</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C2082FFF81FF8EFF75FB9344A4FCA9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6182670" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119424179" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6182670" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2082FFF81FF8EFF75FB9344A4FCA9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C2082FFF81FF8EFF75FB9344A4FCA9" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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<subSubSection id="C371EAB2FF81FF85FF75FB93461CFBEB" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD4B939FF81FF85FF75FB934512FBC8" blockId="3.[151,540,1087,1146]" box="[151,540,1087,1113]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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<heading id="D09C0E55FF81FF85FF75FB934512FBC8" bold="true" box="[151,540,1087,1113]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B91F652BFF81FF85FF75FB934512FBC8" bold="true" box="[151,540,1087,1113]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BC2BAFF81FF85FF75FB93468BFBC8" ID-CoL="6XGD4" box="[151,389,1087,1113]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hymenosomatidae" genus="Samarplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="principe" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B91F652BFF81FF85FF75FB93468BFBC8" bold="true" box="[151,389,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Samarplax principe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22CD850FF81FF85FE6EFB934512FBC8" box="[396,540,1087,1113]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD4B939FF81FF85FF75FBCE461CFBEB" blockId="3.[151,540,1087,1146]" box="[151,274,1122,1146]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1350A5BCFF81FF85FF7DFBCE4607FBEB" box="[159,265,1122,1146]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStart-2="FIGURE 5" captionStart-3="FIGURE 6" captionStart-4="FIGURE 7" captionStart-5="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1969,1992]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1812,1835]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1096,1119]" captionStartId-3="6.[151,250,1579,1602]" captionStartId-4="7.[151,250,1322,1345]" captionStartId-5="8.[151,250,1865,1888]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,625,1946]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1426,189,1788]" captionTargetBox-2="[169,1418,211,1056]" captionTargetBox-3="[264,1323,1199,1558]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,337,1300]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1436,879,1843]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[151,1436,625,1948]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[151,1436,185,1796]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1075]" captionTargetId-3="figure@6.[264,1323,1199,1559]" captionTargetId-4="figure@7.[151,1436,337,1301]" captionTargetId-5="figure@8.[151,1436,879,1843]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionTargetPageId-4="7" captionTargetPageId-5="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Colour images of Samarplax principe, new genus, new species, from the type locality: a, specimen on surface of rock; b, specimen on petri dish at site of collection." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Samarplax principe new genus, new species. a, paratype female (ZRC 2011.0879; ex. NSMT-Cr 2007 - 0002)," captionText-2="FIGURE 5. Samarplax principe new genus, new species. a, holotype male (NMCR- 39033), abdomen, ventral view. b-c, paratype female (ZRC 2011.0879; ex. NSMT-Cr 2007 - 0002), abdomen: b, pleotelson; c, abdomen. Scale bars = 1 mm .." captionText-3="FIGURE 6. Samarplax principe new genus, new species. Overall view, paratype male, 3.64 x 3.63 mm (ZRC 2011.0880; ex. NSMT-Cr 2007 - 0003)." captionText-4="FIGURE 7. Samarplax principe new genus, new species. SEM micrograph of the frontal region showing the vestigial eyestalk. Paratype male, 4.09 x 3.98 mm (NSMT-Cr 2007 - 00040)." captionText-5="FIGURE 8. Samarplax principe new genus, new species. SEM micrograph of the chelipeds showing the structure of dactylus and propodus. Inset shows the enlarged portion of the inner margin lined with (denuded) brush-like setae. Paratype male, 4.09 x 3.98 mm (NSMT-Cr 2007 - 00040)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/279284/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/279285/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/279286/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/279287/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/279288/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/279289/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Figs. 3–8</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C371EAB2FF81FF85FF75FB06469BFA0B" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD4B939FF81FF85FF75FB0644A2FB77" blockId="3.[151,1437,1194,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="B91F652BFF81FF85FF75FB06450FFB52" bold="true" box="[151,513,1194,1219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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Material examined.
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<typeStatus id="54D0079BFF81FF85FE6EFB0746F5FB52" box="[396,507,1195,1219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Male, 3.52 x
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<quantity id="4C9314DCFF81FF85FD45FB064400FB53" box="[679,782,1194,1218]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.69" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="3.69">3.69 mm</quantity>
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(NMCR-39033),
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BC2BAFF81FF85FC3EFB064337FB53" box="[988,1081,1194,1218]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hymenosomatidae" genus="Samarplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="principe" status="gen. nov.">
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<collectingCountry id="F37CF9A9FF81FF85FC3EFB064337FB53" box="[988,1081,1194,1218]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Principe</collectingCountry>
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</taxonomicName>
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Cave, Guiuan, Eastern Samar,
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<collectingCountry id="F37CF9A9FF81FF85FF75FB624616FB77" box="[151,280,1230,1254]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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, 10˚58.637´N, 125˚48.373´E coll. E. Husana,
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<date id="FFD59FF9FF81FF85FCFEFB6244A7FB77" box="[796,937,1230,1254]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" value="2006-11-02">2 Nov. 2006</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD4B939FF81FF85FF27FB5F469BFA0B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1194,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="B91F652BFF81FF85FF27FB5F464AFA9A" bold="true" box="[197,324,1267,1291]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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<typeStatus id="54D0079BFF81FF85FF27FB5F4631FA9A" box="[197,319,1267,1291]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="9D6D72B0FF81FF85FEAEFB5E46AAFA9B" box="[332,420,1266,1290]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
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[3.64 x
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<quantity id="4C9314DCFF81FF85FDE5FB5E4562FA9B" box="[519,620,1266,1290]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.63" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="3.63">3.63 mm</quantity>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED7A21FCFF81FF85FD9EFB5E45BAFA9B" box="[636,692,1266,1290]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">ZRC</collectionCode>
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2011.0880; ex. NSMT-Cr 2007-0003); 4.09 x
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<quantity id="4C9314DCFF81FF85FB28FB5E423CFA9B" box="[1226,1330,1266,1290]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.98" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="3.98">3.98 mm</quantity>
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, used for SEM (NSMT-Cr 2007-00040); 3.22 x
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<quantity id="4C9314DCFF81FF85FDAFFABA45A4FABF" box="[589,682,1302,1326]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="3.25">3.25mm</quantity>
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(NSMT-Cr 2007-0005)] same data as
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<typeStatus id="54D0079BFF81FF85FB81FABA43C7FABF" box="[1123,1225,1302,1326]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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<specimenCount id="9D6D72B0FF81FF85FB36FABA424CFABF" box="[1236,1346,1302,1326]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
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[5.35 x
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<quantity id="4C9314DCFF81FF85FF75FA96460FFAC3" box="[151,257,1338,1362]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.68" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="5.68">5.68 mm</quantity>
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, ovigerous (
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<collectionCode id="ED7A21FCFF81FF85FE6DFA9646C9FAC3" box="[399,455,1338,1362]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">ZRC</collectionCode>
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2011.0879; ex. NSMT-Cr 2007-0002); 4.81 x
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<quantity id="4C9314DCFF81FF85FC05FA96435FFAC3" box="[999,1105,1338,1362]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.78" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="4.78">4.78 mm</quantity>
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, ovigerous (NSMT-Cr 2007- 006); 4.08 x
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<quantity id="4C9314DCFF81FF85FECAFAF2469EFAE7" box="[296,400,1374,1398]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.06" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="4.06">4.06 mm</quantity>
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, immature (NSMT-Cr 2007-0007); 4.72 x
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<quantity id="4C9314DCFF81FF85FC92FAF244D6FAE7" box="[880,984,1374,1398]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.69" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="4.69">4.69 mm</quantity>
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, used for SEM (NSMT-Cr 2007-0008)], same data as
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<typeStatus id="54D0079BFF81FF85FEC9FA2E469FFA0B" box="[299,401,1410,1434]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C371EAB2FF81FF80FF27FA0A4307F955" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD4B939FF81FF85FF27FA0A4513F92B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1194,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="B91F652BFF81FF85FF27FA0A4659FA2E" bold="true" box="[197,343,1446,1471]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Description.</emphasis>
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Carapace sub-polygonal, about same length or longer than wide; surrounded by continuous rim. Gastrocardiac, thoracic and cervical grooves deep, distinct; thoracic grooves diverging and converging posteriorly but not reaching posterior border; cervical groove long converging anteriorly towards frontal region. Gastric, cardiac and epibranchial regions inflated, epibranchial slightly lower than gastric and cardiac regions. Rostrum absent; frontal, anterolateral, midlateral, posterolateral and posterior edges clearly demarcated. Frontal margin weakly bilobed, 2 longitudinal fissures present just below frontal margin parallel to edge; anterolateral, midlateral and posterior margins cristate; anterolateral margin entire; posterolateral margin entire. Epistome relatively broad. Branchiostegal region swollen laterally.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD4B939FF81FF85FF27F96B46B7F8DB" blockId="3.[151,1437,1194,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Eyes not visible dorsally; eyestalk very short, immovable, cornea absent, orbits incomplete. Antennular fossa very shallow, medially separated by thin, very low septum, basal article swollen, protruding from fossa. Antennal fossae absent, antenna well developed, basal article relatively narrow, not positioned directly below base of eye stalk, offset to outer edge.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD4B939FF81FF85FF27F8FA429BF827" blockId="3.[151,1437,1194,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Third maxillipeds narrow, with wide gape when closed; ischium with broad distal inner lobe; merus inner and outer margins divergent distally; merus twice length of ischium along lateral margin; medial margins of merus and ischium lined with strong setae; palp long; exopod short, reaching about two-thirds of merus, with distinct flagellum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD4B939FF86FF82FF27FF3B4441FF66" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Chelipeds equal, slender, long; surfaces smooth; inner margins of merus lined with simple setae and submedian dorsal tooth. Carpus smooth, short, lined with setae along inner edge. Palm and finger equal in length relatively long, without teeth, lined with short setae along cutting edges.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD4B939FF86FF82FF27FEA84421FE16" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Ambulatory legs slender, long, with short scattered setae; P3 length about 4 times carapace width, slightly longer than P2, P5 not clearly shorter than rest; P2 to P5 meri slightly longer to longer than carapace length, cross-section elliptical, diameter constant throughout length; propodi shorter than respective meri; dactyli shorter than respective propodi, curved inwards slightly, margins entire.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD4B939FF86FF82FF27FE3847FCFDAD" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
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Male abdomen with 4 parts; somite 1 with proximal part below carapace posterior margin, disto-lateral ends lobiform; somite 2 shorter than somite 1, proximal part below carapace posterior margin, disto-lateral ends lobiform; somites 3–5 fused, triangular, proximal one-third of lateral margins convex, middle portion concave, distal one-third narrowed. Pleotelson lingulate, elongated, slightly wider proximally, tapering towards rounded distal end (
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<figureCitation id="1350A5BCFF86FF82FF7DFD8847EAFDAD" box="[159,228,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1096,1119]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,211,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1075]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Samarplax principe new genus, new species. a, holotype male (NMCR- 39033), abdomen, ventral view. b-c, paratype female (ZRC 2011.0879; ex. NSMT-Cr 2007 - 0002), abdomen: b, pleotelson; c, abdomen. Scale bars = 1 mm .." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279286/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF14E9B1FF86FF82FF75F81D4590F877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279284/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" targetBox="[151,1436,625,1946]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph id="8BD4B939FF86FF82FF75F81D4590F877" blockId="4.[151,1436,1969,2022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis id="B91F652BFF86FF82FF75F81D4602F856" bold="true" box="[151,268,1969,1992]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
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. Colour images of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BC2BAFF86FF82FE33F81D4597F856" box="[465,665,1969,1991]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hymenosomatidae" genus="Samarplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="principe" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B91F652BFF86FF82FE33F81D4597F856" box="[465,665,1969,1991]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Samarplax principe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22CD850FF86FF82FD45F81E4419F856" box="[679,791,1970,1991]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF86FF82FD45F81E4419F856" bold="true" box="[679,791,1970,1991]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">new genus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF86FF82FCC6F81E44AFF859" bold="true" box="[804,929,1969,1992]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">new species</emphasis>
|
||
, from the type locality: a, specimen on surface of rock; b, specimen on petri dish at site of collection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF14E9B1FF87FF83FF75F8B84261F8BA" box="[151,1391,1812,1835]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279285/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" targetBox="[159,1426,189,1788]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4B939FF87FF83FF75F8B84261F8BA" blockId="5.[151,1436,1812,1908]" box="[151,1391,1812,1835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF87FF83FF75F8B84602F8BB" bold="true" box="[151,268,1812,1835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC2BAFF87FF83FEFBF8B946ECF8BA" box="[281,482,1813,1835]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hymenosomatidae" genus="Samarplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="principe" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF87FF83FEFBF8B946ECF8BA" box="[281,482,1813,1835]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Samarplax principe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22CD850FF87FF83FE0AF8B9455BF8BB" box="[488,597,1813,1834]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, new species. a, paratype female (ZRC 2011.0879; ex. NSMT-Cr 2007-0002),
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4B939FF87FF83FF75F89B4292F8E5" blockId="5.[151,1436,1812,1908]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
|
||
carapace. b–g,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D0079BFF87FF83FECFF89A4688F8DD" box="[301,390,1846,1868]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male (NMCR-39033): b, carapace; c, right fourth walking leg; d, tip of dactylus of right fourth walking leg; e, left third maxilliped; f, right cheliped; g, various angles of left G1. Scale bars: a, b, d, g and e =
|
||
<quantity id="4C9314DCFF87FF83FB41F8F243FAF8E5" box="[1187,1268,1886,1908]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; c and f =
|
||
<quantity id="4C9314DCFF87FF83FAB9F8F24296F8E5" box="[1371,1432,1886,1908]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4B939FF87FF83FF27F8374377F846" blockId="5.[151,1435,1947,2007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">G1 slender, gently twisted at base, distal 2/3 with groove lined with numerous setae, gently curved distally towards midline. G2 short, about half length of G1; tip blunt, slightly expanded laterally.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF14E9B1FF84FF80FF75FBE44228FBEC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279286/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" targetBox="[169,1418,211,1056]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4B939FF84FF80FF75FBE44228FBEC" blockId="6.[151,1436,1096,1150]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF84FF80FF75FBE4461CFBCF" bold="true" box="[151,274,1096,1119]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC2BAFF84FF80FEFAFBE446EEFBCE" box="[280,480,1096,1119]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hymenosomatidae" genus="Samarplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="principe" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF84FF80FEFAFBE446EEFBCE" box="[280,480,1096,1119]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Samarplax principe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22CD850FF84FF80FE04FBE54558FBCF" box="[486,598,1097,1118]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF84FF80FE04FBE54558FBCF" bold="true" box="[486,598,1097,1118]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">new genus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF84FF80FD80FBE545D0FBCE" bold="true" box="[610,734,1096,1119]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">new species</emphasis>
|
||
. a, holotype male (NMCR-39033), abdomen, ventral view. b-c, paratype female (ZRC 2011.0879; ex. NSMT-Cr 2007-0002), abdomen: b, pleotelson; c, abdomen. Scale bars = 1 mm..
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF14E9B1FF84FF80FF75F987468EF9F0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279287/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" targetBox="[264,1323,1199,1558]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4B939FF84FF80FF75F987468EF9F0" blockId="6.[151,1436,1579,1633]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF84FF80FF75F987461DF9D0" bold="true" box="[151,275,1579,1602]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC2BAFF84FF80FEF8F98046ECF9D3" box="[282,482,1580,1602]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hymenosomatidae" genus="Samarplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="principe" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF84FF80FEF8F98046ECF9D3" box="[282,482,1580,1602]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Samarplax principe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22CD850FF84FF80FE08F9804554F9D0" box="[490,602,1580,1601]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF84FF80FE08F9804554F9D0" bold="true" box="[490,602,1580,1601]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">new genus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF84FF80FD85F98045EDF9D3" bold="true" box="[615,739,1579,1602]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">new species</emphasis>
|
||
. Overall view, paratype male, 3.64 x 3.63 mm (ZRC 2011.0880; ex. NSMT-Cr 2007-0003).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4B939FF84FF80FF27F92B4307F955" blockId="6.[151,1436,1671,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF84FF80FF27F92B4613F931" bold="true" box="[197,285,1671,1696]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Colour.</emphasis>
|
||
This species has completely lost its body pigmentation. However, the sediments from its surrounding environment adhere to their body, giving the animal a yellowish-brown colour.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C371EAB2FF84FF80FF27F97C4214F8C5" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4B939FF84FF80FF27F97C4661F89D" blockId="6.[151,1436,1671,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF84FF80FF27F97C4642F979" bold="true" box="[197,332,1744,1768]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
This species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC2BAFF84FF80FE12F97D4543F979" box="[496,589,1745,1768]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hymenosomatidae" genus="Samarplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="principe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF84FF80FE12F97D4543F979" box="[496,589,1745,1768]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">principe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was named after the cave locality,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC2BAFF84FF80FC0FF97C4344F979" box="[1005,1098,1744,1768]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hymenosomatidae" genus="Samarplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="principe" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37CF9A9FF84FF80FC0FF97C4344F979" box="[1005,1098,1744,1768]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Principe</collectingCountry>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cave. The name is used as a noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4B939FF84FF80FF27F8BB4214F8C5" blockId="6.[151,1436,1671,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF84FF80FF27F8BB4626F8A1" bold="true" box="[197,296,1815,1840]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC2BAFF84FF80FED6F8B44519F8A1" box="[308,535,1816,1840]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hymenosomatidae" genus="Samarplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="principe" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF84FF80FED6F8B44519F8A1" box="[308,535,1816,1840]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Samarplax principe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22CD850FF84FF80FDC6F8B445BDF8A1" box="[548,691,1815,1840]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF84FF80FDC6F8B445BDF8A1" bold="true" box="[548,691,1815,1840]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">new species</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, was discovered in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC2BAFF84FF80FC45F8B4430AF8A1" box="[935,1028,1816,1840]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hymenosomatidae" genus="Samarplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="principe" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37CF9A9FF84FF80FC45F8B4430AF8A1" box="[935,1028,1816,1840]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Principe</collectingCountry>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cave, an anchialine cave, located approximately 200 meters away from the shoreline, with the surface salinity ranging from 1.5 to 3.5‰.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C371EAB2FF84FF80FF27F8F34522F80D" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4B939FF84FF80FF27F8F34522F80D" blockId="6.[151,1436,1671,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF84FF80FF27F8F34650F8E9" bold="true" box="[197,350,1887,1912]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC2BAFF84FF80FE84F8CC454AF8E9" box="[358,580,1888,1912]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hymenosomatidae" genus="Samarplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="principe" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF84FF80FE84F8CC454AF8E9" box="[358,580,1888,1912]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Samarplax principe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22CD850FF84FF80FDAEF8CC45D8F8E9" box="[588,726,1887,1912]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF84FF80FDAEF8CC45D8F8E9" bold="true" box="[588,726,1887,1912]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">new species</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, is currently known only from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC2BAFF84FF80FBDAF8CC439BF8E9" box="[1080,1173,1888,1912]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hymenosomatidae" genus="Samarplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="principe" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37CF9A9FF84FF80FBDAF8CC439BF8E9" box="[1080,1173,1888,1912]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Principe</collectingCountry>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cave, Calicoan Island, Guiuan, Eastern Samar,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37CF9A9FF84FF80FE45F8284527F80D" box="[423,553,1924,1948]" name="Philippines" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C371EAB2FF84FF8EFF27F80444A4FCA9" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4B939FF84FF81FF27F8044310FE8D" blockId="6.[151,1436,1671,2021]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,284]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF84FF80FF27F8044637F851" bold="true" box="[197,313,1960,1984]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC2BAFF84FF80FEA2F8044510F851" box="[320,542,1960,1984]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hymenosomatidae" genus="Samarplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="principe" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF84FF80FEA2F8044510F851" box="[320,542,1960,1984]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Samarplax principe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22CD850FF84FF80FDC4F80445BEF851" box="[550,688,1959,1984]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF84FF80FDC4F80445BEF851" bold="true" box="[550,688,1959,1984]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">new species</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, is the first reported anchialine cave species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC2BAFF84FF80FB28F8044292F851" box="[1226,1436,1960,1984]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hymenosomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hymenosomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibiting true troglomorphic characters (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAC4C8FF84FF80FD74F8614460F875" author="Husana" box="[662,878,1996,2020]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" refString="Husana, D. E. M., Naruse, T. & Kase, T. (2009) Two new cavernicolous species of the genus Sundathelphusa from Western Samar, Philippines (Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 29, 419 - 427." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Husana
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF84FF80FD13F861442DF875" box="[753,803,1996,2020]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Ng (1991) described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC2BAFF84FF80FB8FF861429BF875" box="[1133,1429,1996,2020]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hymenosomatidae" genus="Cancrocaeca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xenomorpha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF84FF80FB8FF861429BF875" box="[1133,1429,1996,2020]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Cancrocaeca xenomorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the first true cavernicolous hymenosomatid crab but from a completely freshwater cave system in Sulewesi,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37CF9A9FF85FF81FABDFF3B47DAFF45" name="Indonesia" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The colour of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC2BAFF85FF81FE64FF11453BFF45" box="[390,565,188,212]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hymenosomatidae" genus="Cancrocaeca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xenomorpha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF85FF81FE64FF11453BFF45" box="[390,565,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">C. xenomorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in life has been described as ranging from pale yellow to brown (Ng 1991;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAC4C8FF85FF81FF75FF734692FF66" author="Deharveng" box="[151,412,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Deharveng, L., Guinot, D. & Ng, P. K. L. (2002) Focus: False Spider Cave Crab (Cancrocaeca xenomorpha). ASEAN Biodiversity, Manila, 2 (2), 36." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Deharveng
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF85FF81FEFEFF4D4659FF69" box="[284,343,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC2BAFF85FF81FE19FF4C4579FF69" box="[507,631,224,248]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hymenosomatidae" genus="Samarplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="principe" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF85FF81FE19FF4C4507FF66" box="[507,521,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF85FF81FDFBFF4D4579FF69" box="[537,631,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">principe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22CD850FF85FF81FD63FF4C4403FF69" box="[641,781,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF85FF81FD63FF4C4403FF69" bold="true" box="[641,781,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">new species</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, is totally colorless although it appears yellowish-brown owing its coloration to the background sediments that adhere to its body surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF14E9B1FF85FF81FF75FA86441AFAF1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279288/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" targetBox="[151,1436,337,1300]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4B939FF85FF81FF75FA86441AFAF1" blockId="7.[151,1436,1322,1376]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF85FF81FF75FA86461AFAD1" bold="true" box="[151,276,1322,1345]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC2BAFF85FF81FEFEFA8646E9FAD1" box="[284,487,1322,1344]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hymenosomatidae" genus="Samarplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="principe" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF85FF81FEFEFA8646E9FAD1" box="[284,487,1322,1344]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Samarplax principe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22CD850FF85FF81FE0DFA87456FFAD1" box="[495,609,1323,1344]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF85FF81FE0DFA87456FFAD1" bold="true" box="[495,609,1323,1344]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">new genus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF85FF81FD8DFA8745E2FAD0" bold="true" box="[623,748,1322,1345]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">new species</emphasis>
|
||
. SEM micrograph of the frontal region showing the vestigial eyestalk. Paratype male, 4.09 x 3.98 mm (NSMT-Cr 2007-00040).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4B939FF85FF81FF27FA2A44C0F9BF" blockId="7.[151,1436,1414,2015]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
|
||
Non-sexual features of female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC2BAFF85FF81FDFCFA2B4599FA0F" box="[542,663,1415,1438]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hymenosomatidae" genus="Samarplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="principe" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF85FF81FDFCFA2B4599FA0F" box="[542,663,1415,1438]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">S. principe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22CD850FF85FF81FD7CFA2B4426FA0E" box="[670,808,1414,1439]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF85FF81FD7CFA2B4426FA0E" bold="true" box="[670,808,1414,1439]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">new species</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, generally agree with the males, but in general, they are larger than males. The abdomen of females is dome-shaped and forms a brood cavity that covers the entire thoracic sternum reaching up to the base of the legs. The thoracic sternum has a longitudinal median groove and numerous short setae that are scattered over the surface. In young non-brooding females, the sternum is slightly narrower. The vulvae are oval in shape, sternal in position, elevated and relatively large.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4B939FF85FF81FF27F99745D5F8BB" blockId="7.[151,1436,1414,2015]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF85FF81FF27F997460BF9C2" bold="true" box="[197,261,1595,1619]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Eggs.</emphasis>
|
||
A small number of large-sized oval eggs (only 2–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6D72B0FF85FF81FCDCF9964445F9C3" box="[830,843,1594,1618]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" type="egg">7</specimenCount>
|
||
eggs measuring about 0.96 x
|
||
<quantity id="4C9314DCFF85FF81FB7CF996420AF9C3" box="[1182,1284,1594,1618]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="0.76">0.76 mm</quantity>
|
||
) is present in the female brood cavity. The small diameter of the female vulvae (about 0.32 x
|
||
<quantity id="4C9314DCFF85FF81FBF5F9F24371F9E7" box="[1047,1151,1630,1654]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="0.21">0.21 mm</quantity>
|
||
), however, will not allow the eggs to pass through that opening. This suggests that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC2BAFF85FF81FCD4F92F44BCF90B" box="[822,946,1667,1690]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hymenosomatidae" genus="Samarplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="principe" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF85FF81FCD4F92F444AF90B" box="[822,836,1667,1690]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF85FF81FCB7F92F44BCF90B" box="[853,946,1667,1690]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">principe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22CD850FF85FF81FC5FF92F4344F90A" box="[957,1098,1666,1691]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF85FF81FC5FF92F4344F90A" bold="true" box="[957,1098,1666,1691]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">new species</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, may undergo ovoviviparous development similar to euryhaline hymenosomatids like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC2BAFF85FF81FCC1F90A43CEF92F" authority="Ng, 1988" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="1988" box="[803,1216,1702,1727]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hymenosomatidae" genus="Neorhynchoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mangalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF85FF81FCC1F90A4342F92F" box="[803,1100,1702,1726]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Neorhynchoplax mangalis</emphasis>
|
||
Ng, 1988
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAC4C8FF85FF81FB18F90B47DDF973" author="Ng" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Ng, P. K. L. & Chuang, C. T. N. (1996) The Hymenosomatidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) of Southeast Asia, with notes on other species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 3, 1 - 82." type="book chapter" year="1996">Ng & Chuang 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 59, fig. 26) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC2BAFF85FF81FE76F96744E4F973" authority="Naruse, Shokita & Kawahara, 2005" authorityName="Naruse, Shokita & Kawahara" authorityYear="2005" box="[404,1002,1738,1762]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hymenosomatidae" genus="Neorhynchoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yaeyamaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF85FF81FE76F967455FF973" box="[404,593,1739,1762]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">N. yaeyamaensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAC4C8FF85FF81FDBBF96744E4F973" author="Naruse" box="[601,1002,1738,1762]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Naruse, T., Shokita, S. & Kawahara, T. (2005) Neorhynchoplax yaeyamaensis, a new false spider crab (Decapoda: Brachyura: Hymenosomatidae) from the Yaeyama Group, the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Zootaxa, 877, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="2005">Naruse, Shokita & Kawahara, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAC4C8FF85FF81FBFDF96743E1F973" author="Naruse" box="[1055,1263,1738,1762]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Naruse, T., Shokita, S. & Kawahara, T. (2005) Neorhynchoplax yaeyamaensis, a new false spider crab (Decapoda: Brachyura: Hymenosomatidae) from the Yaeyama Group, the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Zootaxa, 877, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Naruse
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF85FF81FB94F96743A1F973" box="[1142,1199,1738,1762]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAC4C8FF85FF81FA8BF967464FF897" author="Naruse" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Naruse, T., Ng, P. K. L. & Guinot, D. (2008) Two new genera and new species of troglobitic false spider crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Hymenosomatidae) from Indonesia, with notes on the genus Cancrocaeca Ng, 1991. Zootaxa, 1739, 21 - 40." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Naruse
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF85FF81FF27F95C47F6F897" box="[197,248,1774,1799]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore, the small number of eggs of this species may suggest a direct or semi-abbreviated development (P.K.L. Ng, personal communication).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4B939FF85FF8EFF27F89B4438FD86" blockId="7.[151,1436,1414,2015]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,824]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF85FF81FF27F89B4637F8DE" bold="true" box="[197,313,1847,1871]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Many cave animals have evolved similar features as a result of their adaptation to the cave habitat, like the loss of eyes and possessing long legs (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAC4C8FF85FF81FD2BF8F644BBF8E3" author="Culver" box="[713,949,1882,1907]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Culver, D. C. & Fong, D. W. (1986) Why all cave animals look alike. Stygologia, 2, 208 - 216." type="journal article" year="1986">Culver & Fong 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAC4C8FF85FF81FC22F8F6436CF8E3" author="Coineau" box="[960,1122,1882,1906]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Coineau, N. (2000) Adaptation to interstitial groundwater life. In: Wilkens, H., Culver, D. C. and Humphreys, W. F. (Eds.), Ecosystems of the World 30. Subterranean Ecosystems. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 189 - 210." type="journal article" year="2000">Coineau 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The brush-like setae along the inner margin of palm and finger in the chelipeds (instead of cutting teeth) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC2BAFF85FF81FBC7F8D2420DF807" box="[1061,1283,1918,1942]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hymenosomatidae" genus="Samarplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="principe" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF85FF81FBC7F8D2420DF807" box="[1061,1283,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Samarplax principe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22CD850FF85FF81FAE9F8D3429AF806" box="[1291,1428,1918,1943]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF85FF81FAE9F8D3429AF806" bold="true" box="[1291,1428,1918,1943]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">new species</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, is an unusual character, suggesting that it uses its cheliped to brush/scrape off objects to obtain food such as epilithic biofilm (P.K.L. Ng, personal communication).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAC4C8FF85FF81FD0BF86A44F8F84F" author="Takeda" box="[745,1014,1990,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Takeda, S. & Murai, M. (2003) Morphological and behavioural adaptations to the rocky substrate by the fiddler crab Uca panamensis (Stimpson, 1859): preference for feeding substratum and feeding mechanism. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 287, 179 - 191." type="journal article" year="2003">Takeda & Murai (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have suggested that fiddler crab
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC2BAFF85FF8EFA8FF864458CFF3E" authority="Stimpson, 1859" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1859" class="Malacostraca" family="Ocypodidae" genus="Uca" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="57" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF85FF8EFA8FF8644615FF21" italics="true" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Uca panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
Stimpson, 1859 (Ocypodidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, uses such a structure to scrape off particles from the rock surface. Although the feeding habit of this species has not been observed, this structure could also possibly function as has been reported for the cavernicolous shrimp
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC2BAFF8AFF8EFD99FF4C435BFF66" authority="Hobbs & Hobbs, 1976" authorityName="Hobbs & Hobbs" authorityYear="1976" box="[635,1109,223,248]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Typhlatya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mitchelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF8AFF8EFD99FF4C445FFF69" box="[635,849,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Typhlatya mitchelli</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAC4C8FF8AFF8EFCBAFF73435BFF66" author="Hobbs" box="[856,1109,223,247]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Hobbs, H. H. Jr. & Hobbs III, H. H. (1976) On the troglobitic shrimps of the Yucatan Peninsula (Decapoda: Atyidae and Palaemonidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 240, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1976">Hobbs & Hobbs, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and other atyids.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAC4C8FF8AFF8EFAFCFF734608FE8D" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Pohlman, J. W., Cifuentes, L. A. & Iliffe, T. M. (2000) Food web dynamics and biogeochemistry of anchialine caves: stable isotope approach. In: Wilkens, H., Culver, D. C. & Humphreys, W. E. (Eds.), Ecosystems of the World 30. Subterranean Ecosystems, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 345 - 357." type="journal article">
|
||
Pohlman
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF8AFF8EFA6AFF4D47BAFE8D" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observed that the tufts of setae on the distal end of first and second pereopods of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC2BAFF8AFF8EFB4AFEA8421AFE8D" box="[1192,1300,260,284]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Typhlatya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF8AFF8EFB4AFEA8421AFE8D" box="[1192,1300,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Typhlatya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are utilized for grooming and capturing particles from the water. Such setae can be effective because they increase the efficiency in foraging for minute food particles in a food-limited and dark cave environment, and it is not surprising that both the shrimp and crab possess this feature (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAC4C8FF8AFF8EFCA7FEC34336FE16" author="Culver" box="[837,1080,367,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Culver, D. C. & Fong, D. W. (1986) Why all cave animals look alike. Stygologia, 2, 208 - 216." type="journal article" year="1986">Culver & Fong 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Other attributes possessed by cave-adapted crustaceans include the retention of young in the brood cavity to prevent them from drifting too far (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAC4C8FF8AFF8EFF28FE1B4660FE5E" author="Parzefall" box="[202,366,439,463]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Parzefall, J. (1986) Behavioural preadaptations of marine species for the colonisation of caves. Stygologia, 2, 144 - 155." type="journal article" year="1986">Parzefall 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and/or having large but fewer eggs which have energy-richer yolk to help the larvae develop in a more advanced state (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAC4C8FF8AFF8EFE2EFE714565FE65" author="Huppop" box="[460,619,476,500]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Huppop, K. (2000) How do cave animals cope with the food scarcity in caves? In: Wilkens, H., Culver, D. C. & Humphreys, W. F. (Eds.), Ecosystems of the World 30. Subterranean Ecosystems. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 159 - 188." type="journal article" year="2000">Hüppop 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Such life-strategies are useful in a food-limited environment because it increases the survival chances of the young (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAC4C8FF8AFF8EFD68FE534424FD86" author="Huppop" box="[650,810,511,535]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Huppop, K. (2000) How do cave animals cope with the food scarcity in caves? In: Wilkens, H., Culver, D. C. & Humphreys, W. F. (Eds.), Ecosystems of the World 30. Subterranean Ecosystems. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 159 - 188." type="journal article" year="2000">Hüppop 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD4B939FF8AFF8EFF25FD8F44A4FCA9" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF8AFF8EFF25FD8F4669FDAD" bold="true" box="[199,359,547,572]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Conservation</emphasis>
|
||
. Many members of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC2BAFF8AFF8EFD27FD884499FDAD" box="[709,919,548,572]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hymenosomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hymenosomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are small in size, cryptic in habits and known to inhabit littoral to sublittoral zones that are sensitive to human activities (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAC4C8FF8AFF8EFC0FFDEB43DCFDCE" author="Chuang" box="[1005,1234,583,608]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Chuang, C. T. N. & Ng, P. K. L. (1994) The ecology and biology of Southeast Asian false spider crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Hymenosomatidae). Hydrobiologia, 285, 85 - 92." type="journal article" year="1994">Chuang & Ng 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAC4C8FF8AFF8EFB3DFDEB427FFDCE" author="Guinot" box="[1247,1393,583,607]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Guinot, D. (2011) Odiomarinae nov. subfam., a new subfamily for two primitive genera of Hymenosomatidae Macleay, 1838, with preliminary remarks on the family (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura). Zootaxa, 2732, 20 - 32." type="journal article" year="2011">Guinot 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC2BAFF8AFF8EFEF6FDC046FFFD15" box="[276,497,620,644]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hymenosomatidae" genus="Samarplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="principe" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF8AFF8EFEF6FDC046FFFD15" box="[276,497,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Samarplax principe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22CD850FF8AFF8EFE1AFDC0458CFD15" box="[504,642,619,644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF8AFF8EFE1AFDC0458CFD15" bold="true" box="[504,642,619,644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">new species</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, the conservation challenges are associated with the cave environment. In the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37CF9A9FF8AFF8EFF03FD23466CFD36" box="[225,354,655,679]" name="Philippines" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, land conversion, development and other associated human activities cause pollution as well as pose problems and threats to natural cave habitats, especially along coastal areas.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAC4C8FF8AFF8EFBADFD184242FD5D" author="Clements" box="[1103,1356,692,716]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Clements, R., Sodhi, N. S., Schiilthuizen, M. & Ng, P. K. L. (2006) Limestone karsts of Southeast Asia: imperiled arks of biodiversity. Bioscience, 56, 733 - 742." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Clements
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F652BFF8AFF8EFB21FD1943F9FD5D" box="[1219,1271,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAC4C8FF8AFF8EFAB9FD18429BFD5D" author="Clements" box="[1371,1429,692,716]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Clements, R., Ng, P. K. L., Lu, X. X., Ambu, S., Schilthuizen, M. & Bradshaw, C. J. A. (2008) Using biogeographical patterns of endemic land snails to improve conservation planning for limestone karsts. Biological Conservation, 141, 2751 - 2764." type="journal article" year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) commented that karst areas are rich in biodiversity with high endemism but are threatened by many anthropogenic disturbances. The apparent rarity of the new species described here, its low natality, restriction to the cave habitat and endemism to the island poses an immediate conservation concern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |