356 lines
48 KiB
XML
356 lines
48 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="856829AE7B14E82C490B1B218F8FDD18">Antarctic Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French-Australian survey CEAMARC in Terre Adélie</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7952A9BDC349A55AF1ACCAE46D66E63D">Eleaume, Marc</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="23DA4F6C7D690C4AFC20485AE5EE1794">Ameziane, Nadia</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03B887B6FF8DFFF5FF6213C8FEC8FDEB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6187352" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119396076" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6187352" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B887B6FF8DFFF5FF6213C8FEC8FDEB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887B6FF8DFFF5FF6213C8FEC8FDEB" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FF8DFFFDFF6213C8FD8EF958" blockId="33.[151,625,1746,1805]" box="[151,625,1746,1772]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<heading id="D0E681CCFF8DFFFDFF6213C8FD8EF958" bold="true" box="[151,625,1746,1772]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D23FF8DFFFDFF6213C8FD8EF958" authority="Michaelsen, 1904" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,625,1746,1772]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Bathypera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendens">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF8DFFFDFF6213C8FD8EF958" bold="true" box="[151,625,1746,1772]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF8DFFFDFF6213C8FE6CF958" bold="true" box="[151,403,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Bathypera splendens</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FF8DFFFDFE6F13C8FD8EF958" author="Michaelsen" box="[410,625,1746,1772]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1904) Die Stolidobranchiaten der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Deutschen Tiefsee expedition ' Valdivia', 7, 181 - 260." type="journal article" year="1904">Michaelsen, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FF8DFFFDFF6213EFFE28F8B9" blockId="33.[151,625,1746,1805]" box="[151,471,1781,1805]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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(
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<figureCitation id="132A2A25FF8DFFFDFF6B13EFFEE7F8B9" box="[158,280,1781,1805]" captionStart="FIGURE 22. A, B" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1913,1936]" captionTargetBox="[194,1362,181,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[194,1363,181,1887]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 22. A, B, spicules: A, Bathypera splendens; B, Bathypera hastaefera. C, Bathypera splendens; D, Bathypera hastaefera. Scale bars: A, B = 100 µm; C, D = 3 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277191/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figures 22</figureCitation>
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AC, 23A, 24AC)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FF8DFFFDFF621227FDABF8C5" blockId="33.[151,1436,1853,1906]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FF8DFFFDFF621227FEAFF8E7" author="Michaelsen" box="[151,336,1853,1875]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1904) Die Stolidobranchiaten der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Deutschen Tiefsee expedition ' Valdivia', 7, 181 - 260." type="journal article" year="1904">Michaelsen, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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: 192.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FF8DFFFDFE7A1227FDB0F8E7" author="Vinogradova" box="[399,591,1853,1875]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Vinogradova, N. (1962) Ascidiae simplices of the Indian part of the Antarctic. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic expedition (1955 - 1958). Exploration of the fauna of the seas I (9), 196 - 215." type="journal article" year="1962">Vinogradova 1962</bibRefCitation>
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: 205.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FF8DFFFDFD7A1224FD05F8E7" author="Kott" box="[655,762,1853,1875]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Kott, P. (1969) Antarctic Ascidiacea. Antarctic Research Series, 13, 1 - 239." type="journal article" year="1969">Kott 1969</bibRefCitation>
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: 140 figs 192-193 and synonymy; 1971: 64;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FF8DFFFDFB3F1227FF02F8C5" author="Monniot" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F. (1983) Ascidies antarctiques et subantarctiques: Morphologie et Biogeographie. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 125, 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot & Monniot 1983</bibRefCitation>
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: 85. Primo & Vazquez 2006: 125.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FF8DFFFDFF621284FE44F86E" blockId="33.[151,1436,1950,2010]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Stations (events when several trawling operations per station): 2-3-5-6(103)-8-11(424)-21-27(45)-30(66)-34- 36(68)-42-62-65(322)-79.</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF6E6628FF8EFFFEFF621263FD88F81A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277191/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[194,1362,181,1887]" targetPageId="34">
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<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FF8EFFFEFF621263FD88F81A" blockId="34.[151,1436,1913,1966]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF8EFFFEFF621263FEDEF83B" bold="true" box="[151,289,1913,1936]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 22.</emphasis>
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A, B, spicules: A,
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D23FF8EFFFEFE1E1260FD3FF824" box="[491,704,1914,1936]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Bathypera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendens">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF8EFFFEFE1E1260FD3FF824" box="[491,704,1914,1936]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Bathypera splendens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; B,
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D23FF8EFFFEFD1A1260FC34F824" box="[751,971,1914,1936]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Bathypera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hastaefera">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF8EFFFEFD1A1260FC34F824" box="[751,971,1914,1936]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Bathypera hastaefera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. C,
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D23FF8EFFFEFC0C1260FB30F824" box="[1017,1231,1914,1936]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Bathypera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendens">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF8EFFFEFC0C1260FB30F824" box="[1017,1231,1914,1936]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Bathypera splendens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; D,
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D23FF8EFFFEFB0A1260FF20F81A" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Bathypera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hastaefera">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF8EFFFEFB0A1260FF20F81A" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Bathypera hastaefera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Scale bars: A, B = 100µm; C,D = 3cm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF6E6628FF8FFFFFFF6212CEFC23F85F" box="[151,988,2004,2027]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277192/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" targetBox="[194,1398,183,1987]" targetPageId="35">
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<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FF8FFFFFFF6212CEFC23F85F" blockId="35.[151,988,2004,2027]" box="[151,988,2004,2027]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF8FFFFFFF6212CEFEDFF85E" bold="true" box="[151,288,2004,2027]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 23.</emphasis>
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Branchial tissues: A,
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D23FF8FFFFFFE0B12CFFD2DF85F" box="[510,722,2005,2027]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Bathypera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendens">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF8FFFFFFE0B12CFFD2DF85F" box="[510,722,2005,2027]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Bathypera splendens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. B,
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D23FF8FFFFFFD0912CFFC28F85F" box="[764,983,2005,2027]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Bathypera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hastaefera">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF8FFFFFFD0912CFFC28F85F" box="[764,983,2005,2027]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Bathypera hastaefera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF6E6628FF88FFF8FF6213E7FD4DF886" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277193/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1743]" targetPageId="36">
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<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FF88FFF8FF6213E7FD4DF886" blockId="36.[151,1436,1789,1842]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF88FFF8FF6213E7FEDFF8A7" bold="true" box="[151,288,1789,1812]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 24.</emphasis>
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A, B, musculature of the left body side: A,
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D23FF88FFF8FD1113E4FC46F8A0" box="[740,953,1790,1812]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Bathypera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendens">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF88FFF8FD1113E4FC46F8A0" box="[740,953,1790,1812]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bathypera splendens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; B,
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D23FF88FFF8FC1313E4FB3EF8A0" box="[998,1217,1790,1812]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Bathypera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hastaefera">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF88FFF8FC1313E4FB3EF8A0" box="[998,1217,1790,1812]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bathypera hastaefera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. C,
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D23FF88FFF8FB1813E4FF3AF886" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Bathypera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendens">
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<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF88FFF8FB1813E4FF3AF886" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bathypera splendens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, specimen ventrally opened, scale bar C = 1cm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FF88FFF9FF621299FB6FFDEB" blockId="36.[151,1436,1923,2019]" lastBlockId="37.[151,1437,151,752]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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All specimens have the same spherical shape with a rough surface without wrinkles. The siphon apertures are in a slit and distant from each other (
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<figureCitation id="132A2A25FF88FFF8FE0A12BDFDADF80B" box="[511,594,1959,1983]" captionStart="FIGURE 22. A, B" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1913,1936]" captionTargetBox="[194,1362,181,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[194,1363,181,1887]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 22. A, B, spicules: A, Bathypera splendens; B, Bathypera hastaefera. C, Bathypera splendens; D, Bathypera hastaefera. Scale bars: A, B = 100 µm; C, D = 3 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277191/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
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C). The surface of fixation is narrow. The tunic is thin entirely covered with dense external calcareous spicules. They are stub-like implanted by a round base; their upper side is divided in spines of equal size (
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<figureCitation id="132A2A25FF89FFF9FE79158DFE0AFF1B" box="[396,501,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 22. A, B" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1913,1936]" captionTargetBox="[194,1362,181,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[194,1363,181,1887]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 22. A, B, spicules: A, Bathypera splendens; B, Bathypera hastaefera. C, Bathypera splendens; D, Bathypera hastaefera. Scale bars: A, B = 100 µm; C, D = 3 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277191/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 22A</figureCitation>
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).They are 300 µm in length and 200 µm in diameter on the body, smaller at the siphons. The body wall does not adhere to the tunic. The muscular fibres are regularly criss-crossed, dense on the dorsal body side only (
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<figureCitation id="132A2A25FF89FFF9FE6015C5FE03FF43" box="[405,508,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 24. A, B" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1789,1812]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,193,1768]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 24. A, B, musculature of the left body side: A, Bathypera splendens; B, Bathypera hastaefera. C, Bathypera splendens, specimen ventrally opened, scale bar C = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277193/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 24A</figureCitation>
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, C); the transverse fibres become thinner and shorter toward the ventral side, a part of them does not reach the ventral line (
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<figureCitation id="132A2A25FF89FFF9FD96141EFD3DFEA8" box="[611,706,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 24. A, B" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1789,1812]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,193,1768]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 24. A, B, musculature of the left body side: A, Bathypera splendens; B, Bathypera hastaefera. C, Bathypera splendens, specimen ventrally opened, scale bar C = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277193/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig.24A</figureCitation>
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) The oral tentacles are long with 3 orders of ramifications. The dorsal tubercle opens anteriorly in a C. The branchial sac is voluminous with 6 high folds on each side. The dorsal lamina is double at the beginning and further it is made of long languets. Between the folds the spiral stigmata are irregular, some under the longitudinal vessels and other between them (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A25FF89FFF9FC441475FBFCFE33" box="[945,1027,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="35.[151,250,2004,2027]" captionTargetBox="[194,1398,183,1987]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[194,1399,183,1989]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 23. Branchial tissues: A, Bathypera splendens. B, Bathypera hastaefera." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277192/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
A). On the sides of the folds the stigmata are straight but spirals can be seen at the top of the folds. The gut occupies the ventral part of the left side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A25FF89FFF9FA9B148EFF4BFE7B" captionStart="FIGURE 24. A, B" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1789,1812]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,193,1768]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 24. A, B, musculature of the left body side: A, Bathypera splendens; B, Bathypera hastaefera. C, Bathypera splendens, specimen ventrally opened, scale bar C = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277193/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
C).The oesophagus is narrow, the plicated stomach well delimited. The intestine in a simple loop ends in a rolled up anus with an undulated rim. There is no hepatic gland. One long gonad lies on each side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A25FF89FFF9FB5614C6FB09FE40" box="[1187,1270,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 24. A, B" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1789,1812]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,193,1768]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 24. A, B, musculature of the left body side: A, Bathypera splendens; B, Bathypera hastaefera. C, Bathypera splendens, specimen ventrally opened, scale bar C = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277193/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
C), the left one inside the gut loop. The male and female ducts open together near the oesophagus. The endocarps, variable in number, are only present in the ventral half of the body, on each side of the right side gonad, on each side of the gut loop and inside the loop (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A25FF89FFF9FE8F175DFE33FDEB" box="[378,460,583,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 24. A, B" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1789,1812]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,193,1768]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 24. A, B, musculature of the left body side: A, Bathypera splendens; B, Bathypera hastaefera. C, Bathypera splendens, specimen ventrally opened, scale bar C = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277193/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
C).A ring of round papillae circles the base of the atrial siphon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FF89FFF9FF321776FBDEFD13" blockId="37.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
All characters of this species are constant and correspond to previous descriptions. They are also the same as those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D23FF89FFF9FF02178BFE73FD1C" box="[247,396,656,680]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Bathypera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hastaefera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF89FFF9FF02178BFE73FD1C" box="[247,396,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">B. hastaefera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
except the spicules and a stronger musculature in the later.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FF89FFF9FF3217AEFA8DFD78" blockId="37.[151,1437,151,752]" box="[199,1394,692,716]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">One sequence for specimen S2 BAT.B 31 (BOLD: ASCAN031-10). No close hit in BOLD (best: 72.59%).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FF89FFF9FF3217C3FC28FD5B" blockId="37.[151,1437,151,752]" box="[199,983,727,752]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D23FF89FFF9FF3217C3FEAAFD44" box="[199,341,728,752]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Bathypera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF89FFF9FF3217C3FEAAFD44" box="[199,341,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">B. splendens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is eurybathic and distributed in the whole
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3067630FF89FFF9FCC417CDFC66FD5B" box="[817,921,727,751]" name="Antarctica" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
|
||
area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30B652BFF89FFF5FF62165EFEC8FDEB" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FF89FFF9FF62165EFEEAFCCA" blockId="37.[151,632,836,894]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D23FF89FFF9FF62165EFD87FCEA" authority="Vinogradova, 1962" authorityName="Vinogradova" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,632,836,862]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF89FFF9FF62165EFE6EFCEA" bold="true" box="[151,401,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Culeolus antarcticus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FF89FFF9FE6D165EFD87FCEA" author="Vinogradova" box="[408,632,836,862]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Vinogradova, N. (1962) Ascidiae simplices of the Indian part of the Antarctic. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic expedition (1955 - 1958). Exploration of the fauna of the seas I (9), 196 - 215." type="journal article" year="1962">Vinogradova, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A25FF89FFF9FF6B167CFEF2FCCA" box="[158,269,870,894]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1657,1680]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,199,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,193,1654]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 25. Culeolus antarcticus A, body ventrally opened; B, C, musculature on both sides, tunic removed, scale bar = 2 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277194/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figure 25</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FF89FFF9FF6216B4FAC9FC70" blockId="37.[151,1334,942,964]" box="[151,1334,942,964]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FF89FFF9FF6216B4FEA3FC70" author="Vinogradova" box="[151,348,942,964]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Vinogradova, N. (1962) Ascidiae simplices of the Indian part of the Antarctic. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic expedition (1955 - 1958). Exploration of the fauna of the seas I (9), 196 - 215." type="journal article" year="1962">Vinogradova, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 207.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FF89FFF9FE6C16B4FD5BFC70" author="Monniot" box="[409,676,942,964]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F. (1982) Some antarctic deep-sea tunicates in the Smithsonian collections. Antarctic Research Series, 32, 95 - 130." type="journal article" year="1982">Monniot & Monniot 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 117 and synonymy; Sannamyan &
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FF89FFF9FBE416B5FB48FC70" author="Sanamyan" box="[1041,1207,943,964]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Sanamyan, K. E. & Sanamyan, N. P. (2002) Deep water ascidians from the south western Atlantic (RV Dimitri Mendeleev, cruise 43 and Academic Kurchatov, cruise 11). Journal of Natural History, 36, 305 - 359." type="journal article" year="2002">Sanamyan 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 342 fig. 24.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FF89FFF9FF6216EBFE52FBBD" blockId="37.[151,429,1009,1033]" box="[151,429,1009,1033]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Stations: 1 – 32A – 66A.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FF89FFF9FF621123FD79FB55" blockId="37.[151,1436,1081,1610]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
The largest specimen
|
||
<date id="FFAF1060FF89FFF9FE791123FE50FBE5" box="[396,431,1081,1105]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">9 x</date>
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B45FF89FFF9FE431123FDFDFBE5" box="[438,514,1081,1105]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="4.5">4.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
has a peduncle
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B45FF89FFF9FD431123FD04FBE5" box="[694,763,1081,1105]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="23.0">23 cm</quantity>
|
||
long. The tunic is covered with ampullae containing a clear granule. The postero-ventral crest is made of a row of papillae with the same ampullae. The musculature consists in siphonal sphincters and wide spaced ribbons on the whole body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A25FF89FFF9FC9F119BFC43FB2D" box="[874,956,1153,1177]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1657,1680]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,199,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,193,1654]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 25. Culeolus antarcticus A, body ventrally opened; B, C, musculature on both sides, tunic removed, scale bar = 2 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277194/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
B, C). The oral tentacles are large and stout in 3 orders of size. The dorsal tubercle opens in a C to the left. The branchial sac has 6 folds on each side, the formula on the right side of a
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B45FF89FFF9FE3111D3FE0BFB55" box="[452,500,1225,1249]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="4.0">4cm</quantity>
|
||
specimen is:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FF89FFF9FF3211F4FCCAFAB1" blockId="37.[151,1436,1081,1610]" box="[199,821,1261,1286]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
E – 2 -
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF89FFF9FEE711F7FEDFFAB2" bold="true" box="[274,288,1261,1286]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">6</emphasis>
|
||
– 3 –
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF89FFF9FE9311F7FE8BFAB2" bold="true" box="[358,372,1261,1286]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">8</emphasis>
|
||
–
|
||
<date id="FFAF1060FF89FFF9FE6511F7FDC7FAB2" box="[400,568,1261,1286]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1914-04-12" valueMax="1914-04-04" valueMin="1914-04-12">
|
||
4 –
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF89FFF9FE4F11F7FE29FAB2" bold="true" box="[442,470,1261,1286]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">12</emphasis>
|
||
– 4 –
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF89FFF9FDE911F7FDC7FAB2" bold="true" box="[540,568,1261,1286]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">14</emphasis>
|
||
</date>
|
||
– 4
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF89FFF9FD9C11F7FD73FAB2" bold="true" box="[617,652,1261,1286]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">– 6</emphasis>
|
||
– 3 –
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF89FFF9FD2711F7FD14FAB2" bold="true" box="[722,747,1261,1286]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">11</emphasis>
|
||
– DL.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FF89FFF9FF32100BFECEFA0D" blockId="37.[151,1436,1081,1610]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
The dorsal languets are long. The gut (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A25FF89FFF9FD74100BFD2CFA9D" box="[641,723,1297,1321]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1657,1680]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,199,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,193,1654]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 25. Culeolus antarcticus A, body ventrally opened; B, C, musculature on both sides, tunic removed, scale bar = 2 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277194/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
A) forms a double loop: the primary loop is wide and contains the left gonad. The secondary loop at right angle is short. The anus has 2 multilobate lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A25FF89FFF9FB69102FFB10FAF9" box="[1180,1263,1333,1357]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1657,1680]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,199,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,193,1654]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 25. Culeolus antarcticus A, body ventrally opened; B, C, musculature on both sides, tunic removed, scale bar = 2 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277194/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
A). The hepatic gland covers the stomach. There is one gonad on each side made of successive lobes, 3 or
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B45FF89FFF9FB7E1043FB49FAC5" box="[1163,1206,1369,1393]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
||
the left gonad and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B45FF89FFF9FA781043FF52FA21" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
|
||
the right one (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A25FF89FFF9FEBB1067FE60FA21" box="[334,415,1405,1429]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1657,1680]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,199,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,193,1654]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 25. Culeolus antarcticus A, body ventrally opened; B, C, musculature on both sides, tunic removed, scale bar = 2 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277194/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
A). The genital papillae are short and joined. Spicules are present in all organs but not abundant and thin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FF89FFF9FF3210DFFC67F9B5" blockId="37.[151,1436,1081,1610]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Sequences for specimen S1 CUL 57a (BOLD: ASCAN041-10) and specimen S1 CUL 56a (BOLD: ASCAN040-10) are identical. No close hit in BOLD (best: 80.04%).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FF89FFF9FF321317FBFEF9FD" blockId="37.[151,1436,1081,1610]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
This peri
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3067630FF89FFF9FEC81317FE5AF991" box="[317,421,1549,1573]" name="Antarctica" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
|
||
species has not been often collected. Its habitat is recorded as abyssal, however the CEAMARC specimens are the less deep collected yet with one at
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B45FF89FFF9FC89132BFC3CF9FD" box="[892,963,1585,1609]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.33" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="233.0">233 m</quantity>
|
||
only.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6E6628FF8AFFFAFF621363FA62F93B" box="[151,1437,1657,1680]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277194/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" targetBox="[167,1421,199,1645]" targetPageId="38">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FF8AFFFAFF621363FA62F93B" blockId="38.[151,1437,1657,1680]" box="[151,1437,1657,1680]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF8AFFFAFF621363FEE0F93B" bold="true" box="[151,287,1657,1680]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">FIGURE 25.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D23FF8AFFFAFED11363FE0AF93B" box="[292,501,1657,1679]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF8AFFFAFED11363FE0AF93B" box="[292,501,1657,1679]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Culeolus antarcticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
A, body ventrally opened; B, C, musculature on both sides, tunic removed, scale bar = 2cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FF8AFFFAFF6213FAFE8BF8AF" blockId="38.[151,587,1760,1819]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D23FF8AFFFAFF6213FAFDB4F94E" authority="Michaelsen, 1904" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,587,1760,1786]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bouvetensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF8AFFFAFF6213FAFE8CF94E" bold="true" box="[151,371,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pyura bouvetensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FF8AFFFAFE8E13FAFDB4F94E" author="Michaelsen" box="[379,587,1760,1786]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1904) Die Stolidobranchiaten der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Deutschen Tiefsee expedition ' Valdivia', 7, 181 - 260." type="journal article" year="1904">Michaelsen, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A25FF8AFFFAFF6B1219FEE6F8AF" box="[158,281,1795,1819]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="39.[151,250,957,980]" captionTargetBox="[264,1271,185,935]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[264,1323,185,936]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 26. Pyura bouvetensis with broken peduncle, scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277195/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figures 26</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A25FF8AFFFAFED01219FEBCF8AF" box="[293,323,1795,1819]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1976,1999]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1029,1954]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,1029,1954]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pyura bouvetensis: A, body spinules on the tunic; B, spinules of the internal siphon lining. Scale bars A, B = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277196/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">27</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A25FF8AFFFAFEBA1219FE93F8AF" box="[335,364,1795,1819]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1749,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,153,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1436,153,1761]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 28. Pyura bouvetensis: A, body ventrally opened, scale bar = 1 cm; B, branchial sac." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277197/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">28</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FF8AFFFAFF621251FD74F834" blockId="38.[151,1436,1867,1920]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FF8AFFFAFF621251FEB0F8D5" author="Michaelsen" box="[151,335,1867,1889]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1904) Die Stolidobranchiaten der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Deutschen Tiefsee expedition ' Valdivia', 7, 181 - 260." type="journal article" year="1904">Michaelsen, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 216.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FF8AFFFAFE7B1251FD62F8D5" author="Monniot" box="[398,669,1867,1889]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F. (1983) Ascidies antarctiques et subantarctiques: Morphologie et Biogeographie. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 125, 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot & Monniot 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 88
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A25FF8AFFFAFD3C1251FCEDF8D5" box="[713,786,1867,1889]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[166,1436,401,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,375,1924]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 18. Cnemidocarpa acanthifera n. sp. A, C, body ventrally opened, scale bar A = 5 mm; B, neural area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277187/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
D, Pl. 6EF and synonymy.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FF8AFFFAFBDD1251FB27F8D5" author="Tatian" box="[1064,1240,1867,1889]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Tatian, M., Sahade, R. J., Doucet, M. E. & Esnal, G. I. (1998) Ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) of Potter Cove, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Antarctic Science, 10 (2) 147 - 152." type="journal article" year="1998">Tatian et al 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 150.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B51FF8AFFFAFAE21256FE92F8CB" author="Sanamyan" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Sanamyan, K. E. & Sanamyan, N. P. (2002) Deep water ascidians from the south western Atlantic (RV Dimitri Mendeleev, cruise 43 and Academic Kurchatov, cruise 11). Journal of Natural History, 36, 305 - 359." type="journal article" year="2002">Sanamyan & Sanamyan 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 342
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A25FF8AFFFAFE561270FE15F8CB" box="[419,490,1898,1920]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="35.[151,250,2004,2027]" captionTargetBox="[194,1398,183,1987]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[194,1399,183,1989]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 23. Branchial tissues: A, Bathypera splendens. B, Bathypera hastaefera." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277192/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
and synonymy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FF8AFFFAFF6212B6FD53F85C" blockId="38.[151,1436,1964,2024]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Station (events when several trawling operations per station): 6(99)-6(103)-10-13A-28-31-32A-33A-34-35- 37(146)-37(147)-50A-51-54A-57-59-60-62-80.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6E6628FF8BFFFBFF6216A7FC8BFC67" box="[151,884,957,980]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277195/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" targetBox="[264,1271,185,935]" targetPageId="39">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FF8BFFFBFF6216A7FC8BFC67" blockId="39.[151,884,957,980]" box="[151,884,957,980]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF8BFFFBFF6216A7FEDFFC67" bold="true" box="[151,288,957,980]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">FIGURE 26.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D23FF8BFFFBFED016A5FE1EFC60" box="[293,481,958,980]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bouvetensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF8BFFFBFED016A5FE1EFC60" box="[293,481,958,980]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Pyura bouvetensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with broken peduncle, scale bar = 1cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6E6628FF8BFFFBFF6212A2FF19F858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277196/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" targetBox="[151,1436,1029,1954]" targetPageId="39">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FF8BFFFBFF6212A2FF19F858" blockId="39.[151,1436,1976,2028]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF8BFFFBFF6212A2FEDEF879" bold="true" box="[151,289,1976,1999]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">FIGURE 27.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D23FF8BFFFBFEDF12A3FE19F87A" box="[298,486,1976,1998]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bouvetensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF8BFFFBFEDF12A3FE19F87A" box="[298,486,1976,1998]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Pyura bouvetensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: A, body spinules on the tunic; B, spinules of the internal siphon lining. Scale bars A, B = 100µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6E6628FF84FFF4FF6213CFFBADF95F" box="[151,1106,1749,1772]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277197/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" targetBox="[151,1431,153,1725]" targetPageId="40">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FF84FFF4FF6213CFFBADF95F" blockId="40.[151,1106,1749,1772]" box="[151,1106,1749,1772]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF84FFF4FF6213CFFEDFF95F" bold="true" box="[151,288,1749,1772]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 28.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D23FF84FFF4FED013CDFE1FF958" box="[293,480,1750,1772]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bouvetensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF84FFF4FED013CDFE1FF958" box="[293,480,1750,1772]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Pyura bouvetensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: A, body ventrally opened, scale bar =1cm; B, branchial sac.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FF84FFF5FF621202FD38FE33" blockId="40.[151,1437,1816,2020]" lastBlockId="41.[151,1436,151,607]" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
The spherical body is erect above a long stiff peduncle. On the body the tunic is bristling with spines anchored on a bulbous base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A25FF84FFF4FEC81226FE6CF8E0" box="[317,403,1852,1876]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="39.[151,250,957,980]" captionTargetBox="[264,1271,185,935]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[264,1323,185,936]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 26. Pyura bouvetensis with broken peduncle, scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277195/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A25FF84FFF4FE541226FE40F8E0" box="[417,447,1852,1876]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1976,1999]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1029,1954]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,1029,1954]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pyura bouvetensis: A, body spinules on the tunic; B, spinules of the internal siphon lining. Scale bars A, B = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277196/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">27</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Much smaller spiny hairs are crowded between the large spines. The tunic on the peduncle shows the same spines but shorter an even reduced to the basal wart. The triangular spinules of the siphon lining (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A25FF84FFF4FF12129EFEC6F828" box="[231,313,1924,1948]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1976,1999]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1029,1954]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,1029,1954]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pyura bouvetensis: A, body spinules on the tunic; B, spinules of the internal siphon lining. Scale bars A, B = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277196/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
B) are different from those of the tunic surface. In Terre Adélie the bodies are
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B45FF84FFF4FB51129EFAC8F828" box="[1188,1335,1924,1948]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="cm" value="2.85" valueMax="4.2" valueMin="1.5">1.5 to 4.2 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, the peduncles are often broken, the largest found is
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B45FF84FFF4FCFE12B2FCB6F874" box="[779,841,1960,1984]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="cm" value="30.0">30cm</quantity>
|
||
in length. The internal anatomy is very constant. The body wall penetrates into the peduncle along its whole length. There is an oral and a cloacal velum. There are 12 long oral tentacles and 3 orders of smaller ones. The dorsal tubercle opens in a U with horns internally rolled. The edge of the dorsal lamina is dented. The branchial sac (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A25FF85FFF5FD0815A6FCB2FF60" box="[765,845,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1749,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,153,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1436,153,1761]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 28. Pyura bouvetensis: A, body ventrally opened, scale bar = 1 cm; B, branchial sac." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277197/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
B) has 7 high folds on each side, and generally 2 to 3 longitudinal vessels between the folds joining them posteriorly. The parastigmatic vessels are numerous. The digestive loop occupies a large part of the left body side and contains the left gonad (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A25FF85FFF5FB85141EFB3BFEA8" box="[1136,1220,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1749,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,153,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1436,153,1761]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 28. Pyura bouvetensis: A, body ventrally opened, scale bar = 1 cm; B, branchial sac." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277197/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
A). The anus has a rolled rim and is attached to the oesophagus. The right gonad is long with 5 lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A25FF85FFF5FBAE143DFB50FE8B" box="[1115,1199,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1749,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,153,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1436,153,1761]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 28. Pyura bouvetensis: A, body ventrally opened, scale bar = 1 cm; B, branchial sac." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277197/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
A).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3067630FF85FFF5FB2E143DFAEBFE8B" box="[1243,1300,295,319]" name="Malta" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Male</collectingCountry>
|
||
and female papillae are close together. Gut and gonads entirely adhere to the body wall. A voluminous round parietal organ lies in the middle of the body on each side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A25FF85FFF5FDA71475FD5BFE33" box="[594,676,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1749,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,153,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1436,153,1761]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 28. Pyura bouvetensis: A, body ventrally opened, scale bar = 1 cm; B, branchial sac." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277197/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FF85FFF5FF32148EFE04FDA3" blockId="41.[151,1436,151,607]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Sequences from specimen S2 PYU 457a (370-
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B45FF85FFF5FD2E148EFCDBFE18" box="[731,804,404,428]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="365.0">365 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, BOLD: ASCAN043-10) and specimen S2 PYU 453a (
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B45FF85FFF5FF2B14ADFEA3FE7B" box="[222,348,439,463]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.775" metricValueMax="4.83" metricValueMin="4.72" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="477.5" valueMax="483.0" valueMin="472.0">472-483 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, BOLD: ASCAN042-10) display 11.79% divergence. Additional specimens and markers are needed to investigate whether this represents an intra- or inter-specific divergence. No close hit in BOLD (best: 88.02% with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D23FF85FFF5FED8171BFE15FDAC" box="[301,490,513,536]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="georgiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF85FFF5FED8171BFE15FDAC" box="[301,490,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Pyura georgiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE36A0FF85FFF5FF32173FFEC8FDEB" blockId="41.[151,1436,151,607]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D23FF85FFF5FF32173FFE6BFD88" box="[199,404,548,572]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bouvetensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EAB2FF85FFF5FF32173FFE6BFD88" box="[199,404,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Pyura bouvetensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is eurybathic and circum
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3067630FF85FFF5FD46173EFCE0FD88" box="[691,799,548,572]" name="Antarctica" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Very common in Terre Adélie, it is recorded from
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B45FF85FFF5FAA3173EFF14FDEB" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="650.0" valueMax="1100.0" valueMin="200.0">200 to 1100 m</quantity>
|
||
depth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |