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210 lines
20 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i4.57765" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c970a60d-7cdc-4c91-9602-6e400cb1a3f6" ID-PMC="PMC7772285" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1993-078X-4-613" ID-Pensoft-UUID="01E70616F49857EF8DF1A970E5672D08" ID-PubMed="33384855" ID-ZooBank="04B277A57E704E0682C5174C5016B74B" ModsDocID="1993-078X-14-4-613" checkinTime="1621371490983" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Castiglia, Riccardo, Flores-Villela, Oscar Alberto, Bezerra, Alexandra M. R., Gornung, Ekaterina, Annesi, Flavia, Munoz-Alonso, Luis Antonio & Solano, Emanuela" docDate="2020" docId="5FD2D56549CA520A8893A256103BB18E" docLanguage="en" docName="CompCytogen 14(4): 613-638" docOrigin="Comparative Cytogenetics 14 (4)" docPubDate="2020-12-22" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i4.57765" docTitle="Lepidophyma flavimaculatum Dumeril 1851" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="01E70616F49857EF8DF1A970E5672D08" lastPageNumber="613" masterDocId="01E70616F49857EF8DF1A970E5672D08" masterDocTitle="Detection of cryptic diversity in lizards (Squamata) from two Biosphere Reserves in Mesoamerica" masterLastPageNumber="638" masterPageNumber="613" pageNumber="613" updateTime="1668127408478" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Detection of cryptic diversity in lizards (Squamata) from two Biosphere Reserves in Mesoamerica</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Castiglia, Riccardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie ' Charles Darwin', Universita di Roma ' La Sapienza', via A. Borelli 50, CAP 00151, Rome, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">castiglia@uniroma1.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Flores-Villela, Oscar Alberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Museo de Zoologia Fac. de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, A. P. 70 - 399, Mexico D. F. 04510, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bezerra, Alexandra M. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7972-5535</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Mastozoologia / COZOO, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Campus de Pesquisa, Av. Perimetral 1901, CEP 66077 - 830, Belem, PA, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gornung, Ekaterina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie ' Charles Darwin', Universita di Roma ' La Sapienza', via A. Borelli 50, CAP 00151, Rome, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Annesi, Flavia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie ' Charles Darwin', Universita di Roma ' La Sapienza', via A. Borelli 50, CAP 00151, Rome, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Munoz-Alonso, Luis Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>El Colegio de la Frontera Sur. Conservacion de las Biodiversidad. Carretera Panamericana y Periferico Sur s / n. C. P. 29290, San Cristobal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Solano, Emanuela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie ' Charles Darwin', Universita di Roma ' La Sapienza', via A. Borelli 50, CAP 00151, Rome, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Comparative Cytogenetics</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2020-12-22</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>14</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>613</mods:start>
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<mods:end>638</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i4.57765</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i4.57765</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1993-078X-4-613</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">04B277A57E704E0682C5174C5016B74B</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">01E70616F49857EF8DF1A970E5672D08</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182223263" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5FD2D56549CA520A8893A256103BB18E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5FD2D56549CA520A8893A256103BB18E" lastPageNumber="613" pageId="0" pageNumber="613">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="613" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="613">
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<taxonomicName LSID="5FD2D565-49CA-520A-8893-A256103BB18E" authority="Dumeril, 1851" authorityName="Dumeril" authorityYear="1851" class="Reptilia" family="Xantusiidae" genus="Lepidophyma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidophyma flavimaculatum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavimaculatum">
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Lepidophyma flavimaculatum
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Duméril">Dumeril</normalizedToken>
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, 1851
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="613" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="613">Note.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="613">
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<bibRefCitation author="Bezy, RL" journalOrPublisher="Contributions in Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="613" pagination="1 - 41" refId="B4" refString="Bezy, RL, Camarillo, JL, 2002. Systematics of xantusiid lizards of the genus Lepidophyma. Contributions in Sciences 493: 1 - 41" title="Systematics of xantusiid lizards of the genus Lepidophyma." volume="493" year="2002">Bezy and Camarillo (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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did not recognize subspecies, although they admitted that populations of this taxon form a complex, therefore representing more than one taxon. It is the only vertebrate species with unisexual parthenogenetic populations that are of non-hybrid origin (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00893.x" author="Sinclair, EA" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="613" pagination="1346 - 1357" refId="B69" refString="Sinclair, EA, Pramuk, JB, Bezy, RL, Crandall, KA, Sites, Jr JW, 2010. DNA evidence for non-hybrid origins of parthenogenesis in vertebrates. Evolution 64: 1346 - 1357, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00893.x" title="DNA evidence for non-hybrid origins of parthenogenesis in vertebrates." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00893.x" volume="64" year="2010">Sinclair et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="613" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="613">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="613">Found on the Gulf of Mexico coast from Veracruz and Oaxaca, crossing the base of the Yucatan peninsula, through Central America to Panama.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="613" type="samples">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="613">Samples.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="613">RCMX207 (female*), RCMX208 (male*), RCMX212 (female*), RCMX213 (male*), and RCMX232 (female*) from Montes Azules, Chiapas state, Mexico.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="613" type="dna taxonomy">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="613">DNA taxonomy.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="613">
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Our samples have been identified on a morphological basis as
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dumeril" authorityYear="1851" class="Reptilia" family="Xantusiidae" genus="Lepidophyma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidophyma flavimaculatum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavimaculatum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="613">Lepidophyma flavimaculatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a species already reported for Chiapas. We aligned our 309 bp MT-CYB sequences to the 14 haplotypes of the same species published in
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00893.x" author="Sinclair, EA" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="613" pagination="1346 - 1357" refId="B69" refString="Sinclair, EA, Pramuk, JB, Bezy, RL, Crandall, KA, Sites, Jr JW, 2010. DNA evidence for non-hybrid origins of parthenogenesis in vertebrates. Evolution 64: 1346 - 1357, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00893.x" title="DNA evidence for non-hybrid origins of parthenogenesis in vertebrates." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00893.x" volume="64" year="2010">Sinclair et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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from Honduras, Nicaragua and Belize, as well as the unisexual populations from Costa Rica and Panama;
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. reticulatum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulatum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="613">L. reticulatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Taylor, 1955 and
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. lipetzi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lipetzi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="613">L. lipetzi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Smith et Del Toro, 1977 were used as outgroups. The phylogenetic trees (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Bayesian phylogenetic tree (A) and TCS network (B) of 16 S haplotypes belonging to Lepidophyma flavimaculatum. The colors refer to the geographic provenience of individuals. In bold, the new specimens from this study." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489817" pageId="0" pageNumber="613">6A</figureCitation>
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) showed that our samples are sister to the
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. flavimaculatum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavimaculatum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="613">L. flavimaculatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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clade, but it forms a separate and well supported lineage (p.p. = 1) with 3.9% of genetic divergence. The TCS network (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Bayesian phylogenetic tree (A) and TCS network (B) of 16 S haplotypes belonging to Lepidophyma flavimaculatum. The colors refer to the geographic provenience of individuals. In bold, the new specimens from this study." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489817" pageId="0" pageNumber="613">6B</figureCitation>
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) confirms that the samples from Chiapas are differentiated from all the other populations of
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. flavimaculatum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavimaculatum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="613">L. flavimaculatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by 8 substitutions, whereas the other haplotypes differ from each other by not more than 3 substitutions. The shallow distinction of the Chiapas population may reflect the phylogeographic structure of the species, in accordance with its distant geographical location. Moreover,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1466986" author="Bezy, RL" journalOrPublisher="Herpetological Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="613" pagination="61 - 80" refId="B3" refString="Bezy, RL, 1989. Morphological differentiation in unisexual and bisexual Xantusiid lizards of the genus Lepidophyma in Central America. Herpetological Monographs 3: 61 - 80, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1466986" title="Morphological differentiation in unisexual and bisexual Xantusiid lizards of the genus Lepidophyma in Central America." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1466986" volume="3" year="1989">Bezy (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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found that Chiapas specimens are morphologically distinct from other southern Mexican samples. Therefore, additional comparative studies at the northern edge of the species range are needed.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489817" pageId="0" pageNumber="613" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="613">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="613">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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Bayesian phylogenetic tree (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="613">A</emphasis>
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) and TCS network (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="613">B</emphasis>
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) of 16S haplotypes belonging to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dumeril" authorityYear="1851" class="Reptilia" family="Xantusiidae" genus="Lepidophyma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidophyma flavimaculatum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavimaculatum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="613">Lepidophyma flavimaculatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The colors refer to the geographic provenience of individuals. In bold, the new specimens from this study.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="613" type="chromosomes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="613">Chromosomes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="613">
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Diploid chromosome complements vary from 2n = 24 to 2n = 40 in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Baird" authorityYear="1858" class="Reptilia" family="Xantusiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Xantusiidae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Olmo, E" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="613" publicationUrl="http://chromorep.univpm.it/" refId="B51" refString="Olmo, E, Signorino, GG, 2005. Chromorep: a reptiles chromosomes database. http://chromorep.univpm.it/" title="Chromorep: a reptiles chromosomes database." url="http://chromorep.univpm.it/" year="2005">Olmo and Signorino 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). Within
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Xantusiidae" genus="Xantusia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xantusia" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="613">Xantusia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Baird, 1859 the karyotypic formula is highly conserved with all studied species displaying 2n = 40, while the genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="A.H.A.Dumeril" authorityYear="1851" class="Reptilia" family="Xantusiidae" genus="Lepidophyma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidophyma" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="613">Lepidophyma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is much more variable with diploid number ranging from 2n = 32 to 2n = 38 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Olmo, E" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="613" publicationUrl="http://chromorep.univpm.it/" refId="B51" refString="Olmo, E, Signorino, GG, 2005. Chromorep: a reptiles chromosomes database. http://chromorep.univpm.it/" title="Chromorep: a reptiles chromosomes database." url="http://chromorep.univpm.it/" year="2005">Olmo and Signorino 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). There is no evidence of heteromorphic sex chromosomes within the family, but recently a ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes system was described in the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="X. henshawi" pageId="0" pageNumber="613" rank="species" species="henshawi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="613">X. henshawi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Stejneger, 1893 (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esaa007" author="Nielsen, SV" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Heredity" pageId="0" pageNumber="613" pagination="307 - 313" refId="B49" refString="Nielsen, SV, Pinto, BJ, Guzman-Mendez, IA, Gamble, T, 2020. First report of sex chromosomes in night lizards (Scincoidea: Xantusiidae). Journal of Heredity 111 (3): 307 - 313, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esaa007" title="First report of sex chromosomes in night lizards (Scincoidea: Xantusiidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esaa007" volume="111" year="2020">Nielsen et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
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). In
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. flavimaculatum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavimaculatum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="613">L. flavimaculatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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unisexual parthenogenetic populations are known from Panama and southeastern Costa Rica, whereas northern populations are bisexual. All unisexual populations so far studied are diploid (2n = 38), except one mosaic individual (2n/3n) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Bezy, RL" journalOrPublisher="Contributions in Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="613" pagination="1 - 29" refId="B2" refString="Bezy, RL, 1972. Karyotypic variation and evolution of the lizards in the family Xantusiidae. Contributions in Sciences 227: 1 - 29" title="Karyotypic variation and evolution of the lizards in the family Xantusiidae." volume="227" year="1972">Bezy 1972</bibRefCitation>
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). All individuals presently analysed (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. The karyotype of Lepidophyma flavimaculatum (2 n = 38, RCMX 208 male)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489818" pageId="0" pageNumber="613">7</figureCitation>
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) showed 2n = 38 with 18 macrochromosomes and 20 microchromosomes, as previously reported by
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<bibRefCitation author="Bezy, RL" journalOrPublisher="Contributions in Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="613" pagination="1 - 29" refId="B2" refString="Bezy, RL, 1972. Karyotypic variation and evolution of the lizards in the family Xantusiidae. Contributions in Sciences 227: 1 - 29" title="Karyotypic variation and evolution of the lizards in the family Xantusiidae." volume="227" year="1972">Bezy (1972)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489818" pageId="0" pageNumber="613" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="613">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="613">Figure 7.</emphasis>
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The karyotype of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dumeril" authorityYear="1851" class="Reptilia" family="Xantusiidae" genus="Lepidophyma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidophyma flavimaculatum" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavimaculatum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="613">Lepidophyma flavimaculatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(2n = 38, RCMX208 male).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |