170 lines
19 KiB
XML
170 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="64BDBAF810A3374A22C0F53DF94CEAD2" ID-CLB-Dataset="26920" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4599.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ea727a9b-324b-4c6b-a625-bc7cdd204473" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2668058" ID-ZooBank="7CDD24FF-5BA3-4D06-898D-A3E220515D4C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1557127209543" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Longino, John T." docDate="2019" docId="5B56E872FFB94A71FF328EEDFAB6EBFB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4599.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4599 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pheidole sicaria Wilson 2003" docType="treatment" docVersion="21" lastPageNumber="59" masterDocId="A76F900AFF804A4BFFA58B6FFFF4EF5B" masterDocTitle="Pheidole (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Middle American Wet Forest" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1698726215157" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0C22EC94CDDD7FAFD05EB0375EAA28D8">
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<mods:title id="25F622BC03A1FA7AB9AF133D04351BCF">Pheidole (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Middle American Wet Forest</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="00AB95F6AE99B600A371C0731C49DDDA" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D98E50C7C9A7F27EB89C8E249C734BBF">Longino, John T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8C2629EE79671433F515315CE24C793A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F07E8167D95735B8F69802A17E002E49">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9EECF033CC14CF4E78749C545683B807">
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<mods:date id="60ED5CBCBE07C94774855090CA5C0CA7">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8C00E5365ECE409F0B3FFF9D12C562D6">2019-05-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="585CB3CE8B3AB156D087CD2A03B21B95">4599</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="B31E570D3DAE4949E4D19C9D698E39F9" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4599.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="5B56E872FFB94A71FF328EEDFAB6EBFB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3512744" ID-GBIF-Taxon="157062570" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3512744" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5B56E872FFB94A71FF328EEDFAB6EBFB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B56E872FFB94A71FF328EEDFAB6EBFB" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<subSubSection id="9BE50AEFFFB94A72FF328EEDFEADEAC7" box="[151,345,1410,1436]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D3405964FFB94A72FF328EEDFEADEAC7" blockId="57.[151,345,1410,1436]" box="[151,345,1410,1436]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<heading id="8808EE08FFB94A72FF328EEDFEADEAC7" bold="true" box="[151,345,1410,1436]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="14FF22E7FFB94A72FF328EEDFEADEAC7" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,345,1410,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicaria">
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<emphasis id="E18B8576FFB94A72FF328EEDFEADEAC7" bold="true" box="[151,345,1410,1436]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pheidole sicaria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9BE50AEFFFB94A72FF328EA6FB1CE811" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="D3405964FFB94A72FF328EA6FD9AE95D" blockId="57.[151,1437,1481,2010]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="F3EF7E4AFFB94A72FF328EA6FD9AE95D" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName id="14FF22E7FFB94A72FF328EA6FDD1EAB9" authority="Wilson, 2003: 232" authorityName="Wilson" authorityPageNumber="232" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,549,1481,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicaria">
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<emphasis id="E18B8576FFB94A72FF328EA6FEBBEABA" box="[151,335,1481,1506]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pheidole sicaria</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="525E7F75FFB94A72FEF08EA6FDD1EAB9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3509123" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3509123" author="Wilson, E. O." box="[341,549,1481,1506]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A6083D45FBA0CAF308E69A22EF3AF34A" page="232" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="2003">
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<bibRefCitation id="B76E2495FFB94A72FEF08EA6FE1AEAB9" author="Wilson, E. O." box="[341,494,1481,1506]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref52858" refString="Wilson, E. O. (2003) Pheidole in the New World: A Dominant, Hyperdiverse Ant Genus. Cambridge, Mass, Harvard University Press, 794 pp." type="book" year="2003">Wilson, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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: 232
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="0C44E7C6FFB94A72FD958EA6FD6CEAB9" box="[560,664,1481,1506]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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major worker:
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<collectingCountry id="ABE819F4FFB94A72FCE18EA5FC34EAB9" box="[836,960,1481,1506]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="113B9786FFB94A72FC6E8EA5FBBDEABA" box="[971,1097,1482,1505]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
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, Llorona,
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<location id="D6200FBFFFB94A72FB1F8EA6FF3FE95D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5B56E872FFB94A71FF328EEDFAB6EBFB:D6200FBFFFB94A72FB1F8EA6FF3FE95D" country="Costa Rica" name="Corcovado National Park" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" stateProvince="Puntarenas">Corcovado National Park</location>
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(
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<collectorName id="7E0A3CB2FFB94A72FF7C8E81FEA5E95D" box="[217,337,1517,1542]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">P. S. Ward</collectorName>
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) [MCZC, not examined].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D3405964FFB94A72FF628D7DFB1CE811" blockId="57.[151,1437,1481,2010]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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I use a broad definition of
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<taxonomicName id="14FF22E7FFB94A72FE598D7EFD43E972" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="2003" box="[508,695,1553,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicaria">
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<emphasis id="E18B8576FFB94A72FE598D7EFD43E972" box="[508,695,1553,1578]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pheidole sicaria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, almost certainly comprising a set of somewhat separate genetic clusters distributed across
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<collectingCountry id="ABE819F4FFB94A72FE188D59FDCCE915" box="[445,568,1589,1614]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="ABE819F4FFB94A72FDC98D59FD3CE916" box="[620,712,1590,1613]" name="Panama" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Panama</collectingCountry>
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. In addition to sharing a general morphometric profile, the minor workers have the face smooth and shiny, the head weakly tapered posteriorly in full face view, the promesonotal groove impressed, and the propodeal spines at least as long as the posterior face of the propodeum. The major workers have the inner hypostomal teeth widely spaced and acicular, and the face almost entirely smooth and shiny. They occur in lowland to mid-elevation mature wet forest, where they live exclusively in the low arboreal zone. Nests are found under epiphytes in old treefalls and in loose, irregular masses of debris lodged in low vegetation. Workers are collected in beating samples and Malaise traps, but rarely at ground baits or in Winkler samples of forest floor litter and rotten wood. One major worker was collected as prey in a
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<taxonomicName id="14FF22E7FFB94A72FBB08C5EFB71E811" ID-CoL="644QC" authorityName="Mann" authorityYear="1922" box="[1045,1157,1841,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopelta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E18B8576FFB94A72FBB08C5EFB71E811" box="[1045,1157,1841,1866]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Simopelta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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column.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9BE50AEFFFB94A72FF628C39FB17E8C9" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D3405964FFB94A72FF628C39FB17E8C9" blockId="57.[151,1437,1481,2010]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">However, there is inter-populational variation in details of propodeal spine shape and overall pilosity, and these separate forms can be in close proximity, suggesting a mosaic of genetically differentiated groups.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9BE50AEFFFB94A71FF628CF1FD3BEEAF" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="D3405964FFB94A71FF628CF1FB0FEFA3" blockId="57.[151,1437,1481,2010]" lastBlockId="58.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="E18B8576FFB94A72FF628CF1FEC3E8ED" box="[199,311,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<typeStatus id="0C44E7C6FFB94A72FF628CF1FF0FE8EE" box="[199,251,1950,1973]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Type</typeStatus>
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form
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</emphasis>
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: The
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<typeStatus id="0C44E7C6FFB94A72FEDA8CF1FE5BE8ED" box="[383,431,1950,1974]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
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specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="14FF22E7FFB94A72FDF38CF1FD36E8EE" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="2003" box="[598,706,1950,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicaria">
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<emphasis id="E18B8576FFB94A72FDF38CF1FD36E8EE" box="[598,706,1950,1973]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">P. sicaria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were collected by
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<collectorName id="7E0A3CB2FFB94A72FC3B8CF2FBE4E8ED" box="[926,1040,1949,1974]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Phil Ward</collectorName>
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at
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<location id="D6200FBFFFB94A72FB928CF2FF39E881" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5B56E872FFB94A71FF328EEDFAB6EBFB:D6200FBFFFB94A72FB928CF2FF39E881" country="Costa Rica" name="Llorona in Corcovado National Park" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Llorona in Corcovado National Park</location>
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, on the Osa Peninsula of
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<collectingCountry id="ABE819F4FFB94A72FE498CADFD9EE881" box="[492,618,1985,2010]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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. This is a lowland rainforest site, at
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<quantity id="1407F481FFB94A72FBA48CADFBBCE882" box="[1025,1096,1986,2010]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="100.0">
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<elevation id="58D2BE57FFB94A72FBA48CADFBBCE882" box="[1025,1096,1986,2010]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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elevation. The minor workers have relatively thin, somewhat upturned propodeal spines. The first gastral tergite has sparse appressed pubescence and scattered long erect setae (judging from the images provided in
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<bibRefCitation id="B76E2495FFBA4A71FC3E8BD3FBC4EF8F" author="Wilson, E. O." box="[923,1072,188,213]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref52858" refString="Wilson, E. O. (2003) Pheidole in the New World: A Dominant, Hyperdiverse Ant Genus. Cambridge, Mass, Harvard University Press, 794 pp." type="book" year="2003">Wilson 2003</bibRefCitation>
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). The major worker has the first gastral tergite densely pilose, scruffy, with suberect setae of variable lengths. The head is red brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D3405964FFBA4A71FF328A46FD3BEEAF" blockId="58.[151,1437,295,1184]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="E18B8576FFBA4A71FF328A46FF1EEE1B" box="[151,234,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Form 1</emphasis>
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: Small cloud forest patches occur in the center of the Osa Peninsula, around
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<quantity id="1407F481FFBA4A71FBF58A47FB63EE64" box="[1104,1175,296,320]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
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elevation. A collection by myself from this cloud forest area is similar in most respects, but the first gastral tergite of the major worker has pilosity like the minor worker: fully appressed sparse pubescence, and scattered long erect setae. Collections similar to this form are also known from around
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<quantity id="1407F481FFBA4A71FC568AFBFBCEEEF7" box="[1011,1082,404,429]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
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elevation on the Barva transect above La Selva Biological Station, and from
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<quantity id="1407F481FFBA4A71FD5E8AD7FC77EE94" box="[763,899,440,464]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="950.0" valueMax="1000.0" valueMin="900.0">900-1000 m</quantity>
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elevation on the eastern slopes of the
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<collectingRegion id="113B9786FFBA4A71FA8E8AD8FA69EE8B" box="[1323,1437,439,464]" country="Paraguay" name="Cordillera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Cordillera</collectingRegion>
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de Tilarán and
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<collectingRegion id="113B9786FFBA4A71FE088AB3FDEBEEAE" box="[429,543,476,501]" country="Paraguay" name="Cordillera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Cordillera</collectingRegion>
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de
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<collectingRegion id="113B9786FFBA4A71FDE38AB3FD3FEEAF" box="[582,715,476,500]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9BE50AEFFFBA4A71FF32896EFAB6EBFB" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D3405964FFBA4A71FF32896EFB9DEDF3" blockId="58.[151,1437,295,1184]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="E18B8576FFBA4A71FF32896EFF1EED43" box="[151,234,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Form 2</emphasis>
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: A distinct form, and almost certainly a separate species, occurs around
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<quantity id="1407F481FFBA4A71FB86896FFB83ED4C" box="[1059,1143,512,536]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
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on the Barva transect and at similar elevation near Fila de Matama, on the Atlantic slope of the Talamanca range. The minor worker has longer, more robust, and less upturned propodeal spines. The pilosity on the gaster is a mix of suberect short setae and erect very long setae. The major worker has a yellow head, constrasting with the red brown body. The pilosity on the gaster is scruffy, like the
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<typeStatus id="0C44E7C6FFBA4A71FC1089FFFC11EDF3" box="[949,997,656,680]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">type</typeStatus>
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specimens.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D3405964FFBA4A71FF3289DAFB6FEC63" blockId="58.[151,1437,295,1184]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="E18B8576FFBA4A71FF3289DAFF1EED97" box="[151,234,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Form 3</emphasis>
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: A series of minor workers were collected from low vegetation at a
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<quantity id="1407F481FFBA4A71FC4D89DBFBDBED97" box="[1000,1071,692,716]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
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elevation site in Braulio Carrillo National Park, at the old Carillo station close to where the Guapiles highway is now. These workers have the robust spines of form 2, but the gastral pilosity is all of relatively short, erect setae. Also, the sculpture on the katepisternum is stronger, with the foveolation overlain with weak rugulae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D3405964FFBA4A71FF32882AFB6AEB03" blockId="58.[151,1437,295,1184]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="E18B8576FFBA4A71FF32882AFF1EEC07" box="[151,234,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Form 4</emphasis>
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: This form is known from multiple collections from the Rio Savegre drainage on the Pacific slope of the Talamanca range, at a wet forest site around
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<quantity id="1407F481FFBA4A71FCA28807FCBBEC24" box="[775,847,872,896]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
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elevation (Ranchos Tinamu). The propodeal spines are thin and relatively upturned, like the
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<typeStatus id="0C44E7C6FFBA4A71FD7B88E2FCE8ECFE" box="[734,796,909,933]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">types</typeStatus>
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. The minor workers have the first gastral tergite with a relatively dense layer of fully appressed pubescence, and no or very few longer erect setae. The major worker has the head color somewhat mottled, intermediate between the
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<typeStatus id="0C44E7C6FFBA4A71FBE388BAFB75ECB6" box="[1094,1153,981,1005]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">types</typeStatus>
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and form 2. The face is more strongly sculptured, with relatively more developed arcing carinulae on the anterior half of the face, and widely spaced, shallow puncta (not foveolation) on the vertex. The gastral pilosity is like the minor worker, with a dense layer of appressed pubescence, and sparse longer erect setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D3405964FFBA4A71FF328F0AFAB6EBFB" blockId="58.[151,1437,295,1184]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="E18B8576FFBA4A71FF328F0AFF1EEB27" box="[151,234,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Form 5</emphasis>
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: Two collections from cloud forest sites in
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<collectingCountry id="ABE819F4FFBA4A71FD7F8F0AFCC7EB27" box="[730,819,1125,1148]" name="Panama" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Panama</collectingCountry>
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|
are very similar to Form 1, differing only in somewhat longer, less upturned propodeal spines (but still thin, not enlarged at the base like forms 2 and 3).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |