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<mods:title id="466AEB30A0D511E0981D316F11715F8C">Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F5A7F46EB378E9BBCB9FBA2E7A4FAB7B">Bergh, Eugene W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="53CD2AE33B233E0AFE44C7E141D8F4FF">Marine Research Institute and Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X 3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa. &amp; Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X 3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; &amp; Invertebrate palaeontology and Geology, Iziko South African Museum, P. O. Box 61, Cape Town 8000, South Africa. john. compton @ uct. ac. za; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0765 - 4141</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="D9C46527FFC493397FC99B9BFED1FF5D" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="916136ACFFC493397FC99B9BFDF0FF39" blockId="23.[151,564,151,213]" box="[151,564,151,178]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<heading id="CA2981C0FFC493397FC99B9BFDF0FF39" bold="true" box="[151,564,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFC493397FC99B9BFDF0FF39" ID-CoL="83TCX" authority="Hadley, 1934" authorityName="Hadley" authorityYear="1934" box="[151,564,151,178]" class="Globothalamea" family="Uvigerinidae" genus="Uvigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC493397FC99B9BFDF0FF39" bold="true" box="[151,564,151,178]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC493397FC99B9BFE4FFF3A" bold="true" box="[151,395,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Uvigerina spinulosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFC493397ECC9B9BFDF0FF39" author="Hadley, W. H." box="[402,564,151,177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref32267" refString="Hadley, W. H. (1934) Some Tertiary foraminifera from the north coast of Cuba. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 20, 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1934">Hadley, 1934</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="916136ACFFC493397FC99BB7FED1FF5D" blockId="23.[151,564,151,213]" box="[151,277,187,213]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<heading id="CA2981C0FFC493397FC99BB7FED1FF5D" bold="true" box="[151,277,187,213]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="1">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC493397FC99BB7FED1FF5D" bold="true" box="[151,277,187,213]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Pl. 5, fig. 1</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="D9C46527FFC493397FC99A0CFD2FFEBE" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="916136ACFFC493397FC99A0CFD2FFEBE" blockId="23.[151,1437,255,310]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFC493397FC99A0CFE30FE90" ID-CoL="83TCX" authority="Hadley, 1934" authorityName="Hadley" authorityYear="1934" box="[151,500,256,280]" class="Globothalamea" family="Uvigerinidae" genus="Uvigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC493397FC99A0CFEA1FE90" box="[151,357,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Uvigerina spinulosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFC493397E359A0CFE30FE90" author="Hadley, W. H." box="[363,500,256,280]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref32267" refString="Hadley, W. H. (1934) Some Tertiary foraminifera from the north coast of Cuba. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 20, 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1934">Hadley, 1934</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 18, fig. 5;
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFC493397DD89A0CFCE6FE90" author="Boersma, A." box="[646,802,256,280]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref28459" refString="Boersma, A. (1984) Handbook of common Tertiary Uvigerina. Microclimates Press, Stony Point, New York, 207 pp." type="book" year="1984">Boersma, 1984</bibRefCitation>
, p. 163, pl. 1, figs 16;
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFC493397B519A0CFAE9FE9F" author="Van Morkhoven, F. P. &amp; Berggren, W. A. &amp; Edwards, A. S. &amp; Oertli, H. J." box="[1039,1325,255,280]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref38762" refString="Van Morkhoven, F. P., Berggren, W. A., Edwards, A. S. &amp; Oertli, H. J. (1986) Cenozoic cosmopolitan deep-water benthic foraminifera. Elf Aquitaine, Pau, 421 pp." type="book" year="1986">
Van Morkhoven
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC493397BE79A0CFB21FE90" box="[1209,1253,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
., 1986
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 218, pl. 74, figs 13; Kender
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC493397EC09A13FE12FEBE" box="[414,470,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.,</emphasis>
2018, p. 515, pl. 18, fig. 5.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9C46527FFC493397FC99A68FC36FE4E" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
<paragraph id="916136ACFFC493397FC99A68FC36FE4E" blockId="23.[151,1437,356,1031]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC493397FC99A68FEE5FEF6" bold="true" box="[151,289,356,382]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Description</emphasis>
: The test wall is calcareous and perforate. The test is triserial, elongate, rounded in cross-section and covered in longitudinal costae which end in spines at the base of the chambers. Later chambers are inflated with depressed sutures. The aperture is terminal on a neck, with a pronounced lip.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9C46527FFC493397F999ADDFF24FB8F" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="916136ACFFC493397F999ADDFC6DFD86" blockId="23.[151,1437,356,1031]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC493397F999ADDFEF9FE63" bold="true" box="[199,317,465,491]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Remarks:</emphasis>
The tests of this species in this study measure ~
<quantity id="56269B49FFC493397C3B9ADDFC79FE63" box="[869,957,465,491]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
in cross section diameter and ~
<quantity id="56269B49FFC493397A789ADCFABBFE63" box="[1318,1407,464,491]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
in length. This species is less abundant in the samples than
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC493397C4C9AF9FC6DFD86" box="[786,937,501,526]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFC493397C4C9AF9FC61FD86" authorityName="Cushman" authorityYear="1923" box="[786,933,501,526]" class="Globothalamea" family="Uvigerinidae" genus="Uvigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="peregrina">U. peregrina</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="916136ACFFC493397F999914FDF9FCDA" blockId="23.[151,1437,356,1031]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
This species was originally identified as
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFC493397DC19915FB04FDBA" authorityName="Hadley" authorityYear="1934" box="[671,1216,536,563]" class="Globothalamea" family="Uvigerinidae" genus="Uvigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="variety" species="caneriensis" variety="spinulosa">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC493397DC19915FC5FFDBA" box="[671,923,537,562]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Uvigerina caneriensis</emphasis>
dOrbigny var.
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC493397B0B9914FB04FDBA" box="[1109,1216,536,562]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">spinulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFC493397BAE9914FA5CFDBB" author="Hadley, W. H." box="[1264,1432,536,563]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref32267" refString="Hadley, W. H. (1934) Some Tertiary foraminifera from the north coast of Cuba. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 20, 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1934">Hadley (1934)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFC493397FC99930FE16FDDF" author="Coryell, H. N. &amp; Embich, J. R." box="[151,466,572,599]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="289 - 305" refId="ref29536" refString="Coryell, H. N. &amp; Embich, J. R. (1937) The Tranquilla shale (upper Eocene) of Panama and its foraminiferal fauna. Journal of Paleontology, 11 (4), 289 - 305." type="journal article" year="1937">Coryell and Embich (1937)</bibRefCitation>
identified another hispid uvigerinid species as
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFC493397CAA9931FB40FDDE" authorityName="Hadley" authorityYear="1934" box="[1012,1156,572,598]" class="Globothalamea" family="Uvigerinidae" genus="Uvigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC493397CAA9931FB40FDDE" box="[1012,1156,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">U. spinulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The accepted name for
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFC493397FC9996DFC90FDF3" authority="Hadley (1934)" authorityName="Hadley" authorityYear="1934" box="[151,852,608,635]" class="Globothalamea" family="Uvigerinidae" genus="Uvigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="variety" species="caneriensis" variety="spinulosa">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC493397FC9996DFE4BFDF2" box="[151,399,609,634]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Uvigerina caneriensis</emphasis>
dOrbigny var.
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC493397D1E996CFD6FFDF2" box="[576,683,608,634]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">spinulosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFC493397DEC996CFC90FDF3" author="Hadley, W. H." box="[690,852,608,635]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref32267" refString="Hadley, W. H. (1934) Some Tertiary foraminifera from the north coast of Cuba. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 20, 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1934">Hadley (1934)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has become
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFC493397CBA996DFB03FDF2" authorityName="Hadley" authorityYear="1934" box="[996,1223,608,634]" class="Globothalamea" family="Uvigerinidae" genus="Uvigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC493397CBA996DFB03FDF2" box="[996,1223,608,634]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Uvigerina spinulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but there are clear differences in the figures and original descriptions of the
<specimenCount id="87D8FD25FFC493397C779989FC10FD16" box="[809,980,644,671]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
. The entire test of the figured specimen in
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFC493397FE899A4FE2BFD4B" author="Coryell, H. N. &amp; Embich, J. R." box="[182,495,680,707]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="289 - 305" refId="ref29536" refString="Coryell, H. N. &amp; Embich, J. R. (1937) The Tranquilla shale (upper Eocene) of Panama and its foraminiferal fauna. Journal of Paleontology, 11 (4), 289 - 305." type="journal article" year="1937">Coryell and Embich (1937)</bibRefCitation>
is covered in fine, short hispid structures, but the figured and described specimen in
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFC493397FE899C0FE9EFD6F" author="Hadley, W. H." box="[182,346,716,743]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref32267" refString="Hadley, W. H. (1934) Some Tertiary foraminifera from the north coast of Cuba. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 20, 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1934">Hadley (1934)</bibRefCitation>
has longitudinal costae covering the test. It may be that the specimen described by
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFC493397A4999C0FE86FC83" author="Coryell, H. N. &amp; Embich, J. R." pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="289 - 305" refId="ref29536" refString="Coryell, H. N. &amp; Embich, J. R. (1937) The Tranquilla shale (upper Eocene) of Panama and its foraminiferal fauna. Journal of Paleontology, 11 (4), 289 - 305." type="journal article" year="1937">Coryell and Embich (1937)</bibRefCitation>
might be related to
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFC493397D7399FDFD3DFC82" authorityName="Schwager" authorityYear="1866" box="[557,761,752,778]" class="Globothalamea" family="Uvigerinidae" genus="Uvigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="hispida">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC493397D7399FDFD3DFC82" box="[557,761,752,778]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Uvigerina hispida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In fact,
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFC493397C3A99FCFB59FC83" author="Coryell, H. N. &amp; Embich, J. R." box="[868,1181,752,779]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="289 - 305" refId="ref29536" refString="Coryell, H. N. &amp; Embich, J. R. (1937) The Tranquilla shale (upper Eocene) of Panama and its foraminiferal fauna. Journal of Paleontology, 11 (4), 289 - 305." type="journal article" year="1937">Coryell and Embich (1937)</bibRefCitation>
describe
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFC493397A5399FDFA58FC82" authorityName="Hadley" authorityYear="1934" box="[1293,1436,752,778]" class="Globothalamea" family="Uvigerinidae" genus="Uvigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC493397A5399FDFA58FC82" box="[1293,1436,752,778]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">U. spinulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as closely resembling
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFC493397ECE9819FDC0FCA6" authorityName="Schwager" authorityYear="1866" box="[400,516,788,814]" class="Globothalamea" family="Uvigerinidae" genus="Uvigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="hispida">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC493397ECE9819FDC0FCA6" box="[400,516,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">U. hispida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs only in shape and the neck. These two species bearing the same name should therefore not be synonymised.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="916136ACFFC493397F999850FC33FC13" blockId="23.[151,1437,356,1031]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC493397F999850FEA3FCFF" bold="true" box="[199,359,860,887]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Life strategy:</emphasis>
The species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFC493397DDE9851FD36FCFE" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1826" box="[640,754,861,886]" class="Globothalamea" family="Uvigerinidae" genus="Uvigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC493397DDE9851FD36FCFE" box="[640,754,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Uvigerina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are generally shallow-infaunal and most abundant under high organic carbon (
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFC493397E12988DFE2EFC13" author="Murray, J. W." box="[332,490,896,923]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref35617" refString="Murray, J. W. (2006) Ecology and Applications of Benthic Foraminifera. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 426 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511535529" type="book" year="2006">Murray, 2006</bibRefCitation>
), adapted to suboxic conditions (
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFC493397C04988CFC2EFC13" author="Kaiho, K." box="[858,1002,896,923]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="719 - 722" refId="ref33365" refString="Kaiho, K. (1994) Benthic foraminiferal dissolved-oxygen index and dissolved-oxygen levels in the modern ocean. Geology, 22 (8), 719 - 722. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / 0091 - 7613 (1994) 022 &lt;0719: BFDOIA&gt; 2.3. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="1994">Kaiho, 1994</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="916136ACFFC493397F9998A8FF24FB8F" blockId="23.[151,1437,356,1031]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC493397F9998A8FE7DFC37" bold="true" box="[199,441,932,959]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Regional occurrence</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFC493397E9B98A9FD23FC37" authority="Hadley, 1934" authorityName="Hadley" authorityYear="1934" box="[453,743,932,959]" class="Globothalamea" family="Uvigerinidae" genus="Uvigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC493397E9B98A9FD94FC36" box="[453,592,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">U. spinulosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFC493397D0A98A8FD23FC37" author="Hadley, W. H." box="[596,743,932,959]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref32267" refString="Hadley, W. H. (1934) Some Tertiary foraminifera from the north coast of Cuba. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 20, 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1934">Hadley, 1934</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is recorded to occur in middle Miocene strata on the continental shelf of northern
<collectingCountry id="E9C9763CFFC493397E0098C4FE05FC6A" box="[350,449,968,994]" name="Namibia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Namibia</collectingCountry>
, south of the
<collectingRegion id="531AF84EFFC493397D0198C5FD72FC6B" box="[607,694,969,995]" country="Namibia" name="Kunene" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Kunene</collectingRegion>
River mouth (this study) and in the
<collectingCountry id="E9C9763CFFC493397B0598C5FB62FC6B" box="[1115,1190,969,995]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Congo</collectingCountry>
Basin (Kender
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC493397A0598C5FA58FC6A" box="[1371,1436,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.,</emphasis>
2018).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>